No More Learning

ican story-writer, sister of J. Hammond and Many of his writings had a very wide circu-
Henry Clay Trumbull; born in Hartford, Conn. , lation. Among them are : (Self-Help) (1860);
184-. She has devoted much time to the study Life of George Stephenson (oth ed. 1864);
of entomology, and written many excellent short (Lives of Engineers) (1862; new ed. 1874, 5
stories. Her books include: (Seven Dreamers,' vols. ); (The Huguenots in England and Ire-
a collection of her magazine stories ; (The land) (4th ed. 1876); (Thrift) (1875); (Men
Heresy of Mehetabel Clark); Anna Malann”;
of Invention and Industry) (1884).
(The China Hunter's Club); and others. *
Smith, Adam. A renowned Scotch political
Slowacki, Julius (slo-vats'ke). A celebrated economist; born at Kirkcaldy, June 5, 1723;
Polish poet; born at Kremenecz in Volhynia, died at Edinburgh, July 17, 1790. He wrote a


## p. 497 (#513) ############################################

SMITH: ALBERT - GOLDWIN
497
(Theory of Moral Sentiments) (1759), in which
he finds in human sympathy the cohesive force
of social life; (Origin of Languages) (about
1760); and (in 1776) his great work, Inquiry
into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
Nations, unfairly said to make self-interest
the chief motor of society: it only makes that
passion the chief motor of making money. *
Smith, Albert. An English humorist ; born
at Chertsey in Surrey, May 24, 1816; died at
Fulham in Middlesex, May 23, 1860.
He was
a leading contributor to Punch. He wrote:
(The Adventures of Mr. Ledbury); (Christo-
pher Tadpole); Pottleton's Legacy); a series
of natural histories” of “The Gent,) (The
Ballet Girl, (The Idler upon Town, "The
Flirt); and (The Medical Student,' a small
volume of amusing skits.
Smith, Alexander. A Scottish poet; born
in Kilmarnock, Dec. 31, 1830; died at Wardie
near Edinburgh, Jan. 5, 1867. Among his works,
(A Life Drama) (1853) attracted great atten-
tion. He wrote: (Sonnets of the War,' with
Sydney Dobell (1855); (City Poems) (1857);
(Edwin of Deira) (1861); also the prose works
Dreamthorpe) (1863), “A Summer in Skye)
(1865), Alfred Hagart's Household) (1866),
and (Miss Oona McQuarrie) (1866).
Smith, Buckingham. An American historian
and philologist; born in Georgia, Oct. 31, 1810;
died in New York, Jan. 5, 1871. He was sec-
retary of legation at Mexico (1850-52), and at
Madrid (1855-58). He made an exhaustive
study of Mexican history and antiquities, and
published many monographs and historical pa-
pers. Among them are: (Narrative of Her-
nando de Soto (1854); (Documents relating to
the History of Florida) (1857); (A Grammatical
Sketch of the Heve Language) (1861); 'Gram-
mar of the Pina Language) (1862).
Smith, Charles Henry. [“Bill Arp. ”] An
American humorist; born in Lawrenceville,
Ga. , June 15, 1826. His literary career began
(1861) in a series of letters under the pseu-
donym above. Alis publications include : Bill
Arp's Scrap-Book) (1886); “The Farm and the
Fireside); and (Georgia as a Colony and State,
1733-1893.
Smith, Charlotte Turner. An English nov-
elist; born 1749; died 1806. She wrote : Elegiac
Sonnets and Other Essays (1784); ‘Emmeline ;
or, The Orphan of the Castle (1788); (Ethe-
linde; or, the Recluse of the Lake) (1789);
"Celestina: A Novel (1791); Desmond: A
Novel (1792); (The Old Manor-House) (1793);
(The Emigrants: A Poem (1793); Natural
History of Birds) (1807).
Smith, Edmund Neale. An English poet;
born 1668; died 1710. His works are: Poem
on the Death of Mr. John Philips) (1708);
(Phædrus and Hippolitus : A Tragedy) (1719);
(Monody on Dr. Pocock) (1750); (Odes' (1719).
Smith, Elizabeth Oakes (Prince). An Amer-
an writer of prose and verse, not her
time; wife of Seba; born in Cumberland, Me. ,
Aug. 12, 1806; died in 1893. Among her nu-
merous works are: “Riches Without Wings'
(1838); (The Newsboy); (The Sinless Child,
and Other Poems) (1841); "Woman and her
Needs) (1847); and (Bald Eagle, the Last of the
Rampaughs) (1867). Her children changed
their name to Oaksmith to identify themselves
with her.
Smith, Francis Hopkinson. An American
artist and author residing in New York; born
in Baltimore, Md. , Oct. 23, 1838. His well-known
contributions to the current literature of the day
have been illustrated by his own hand. Among
his works are: (Well-Worn Roads of Spain);
Holland and Italy); (Old Lines in New Black
and White); (A White Umbrella in Mexico);
(A Book of the Tile Club); (A Day at Laguerre);
(Colonel Carter of Cartersville,' a novel ; (Amer-
ican Illustrators); A Gentleman Vagabond
and Some Others); (Tom Grogan,' a novel;
(Espero Gorgoni, Gondolier. )
Smith, George. A celebrated English As-
syriologist; born in London, March 26, 1840;
died at Aleppo, Aug. 19, 1876. The importance
of his contributions to our knowledge of Assyr-
ian history and inscriptions is everywhere ac-
knowledged. Part of his published works are:
(The Chaldean Account of Genesis); (As-
syria from the Earliest Times till the Fall of
Nineveh) (1875); (Assyrian Discoveries) (1875),
an account of his own travels and researches;
(The Assyrian Eponym Canon (1876); (His-
tory of Babylonia,' edited by A. H. Sayce (1877);
(History of Sennacherib,' edited by A. H. Sayce
(1878).
Smith, George Barnett. An English jour-
nalist, littérateur, and biographer; born at Oven-
den, near Halifax, Yorkshire, May 17, 1841.
He was for a time on the staff of the London
Globe and Echo; and subsequently contributed
literary, critical, and biographical articles to
British reviews. His chief publications are :
(Poets and Novelists) (1875); "Lives) of Shel-
ley, Gladstone, Peel, Bright, Victor Hugo, and
Queen Victoria ; Prime Ministers of Queen
Victoria) (1886); and the standard History of
the English Parliament' (2 vols. , 1892).
Smith, Gerrit. An American reformer, anti.
slavery advocate, and philanthropist; born in
Utica, N. Y. , in 1797 ; died in New York, Dec.
28, 1874. He was active in the cause of tem-
perance, an uncompromising enemy of slavery,
made large donations in aid of the poor, and
gave land in New York State to many escaped
slaves. He wrote numerous tracts and papers;
and published: (Speeches in Congress (1855);
(Sermons and Speeches) (1861); (The Religion
of Reason (1864); (The Theologies) (1866);
(Nature the Basis of a Free Theology) (1867);
and Correspondence with Albert Barnes)
(1868).
Smith, Goldwin. An eminent English lib.
eral, essayist, and educator, now residing in
Canada; born in Reading, Aug. 13, 1823. In
1868 he was professor of English history at
32


## p. 498 (#514) ############################################

SMITH: HANNAH – WILLIAM
498
e
Cornell University. In 1871 he removed to
Toronto, and is a professor at the Toronto Uni-
versity. His contributions to the reviews of
the day are numerous and important. For a
full account of his works see article. *
Smith, Hannah. (“Hesba Stretton. ”] An
English novelist; born at Wellington, Shrop-
shire. She has written many novels and sto-
ries; including : (Jessica's First Prayer) (1866);
(The Clives of Burcot) (1867); Paul's Court-
ship’ (1867); Hester Morely's Promise) (1868);
and (Bede's Charity' (1882).
Smith, James and Horace. Authors of the
(Rejected Addresses, and other excellent hu-
morous compositions; born in London ; James
born 1775, died 1839; Horace born 1779, died
1849. The managers of the new Drury Lane
Theatre, completed in 1812 to replace the
burned one, offered a prize for the most suita-
ble opening address; the result was a deluge
of such ludicrous rubbish that all had to be
rejected, and Byron was commissioned to write
one. The brothers Smith conceived the idea
of burlesquing the style of leading poets and
other men of letters and public notorieties,
in a set of pieces purporting to be among the
real addresses sent in to the committee but
declined. Hence the volume of "Rejected Ad-
dresses, which by 1819 had reached its six-
teenth edition, and is a livingly familiar classic
still. Its travesties are hardly caricatures so
much as genuine reproductions of the spirit
as well as manner of their subjects. Horace
subsequently published many novels and poems,
the best-known among them being the “Ode to
an Egyptian Mummy. James was afterwards
a well-known diner-out, entertainer, and con-
tributor to periodical literature of his day; his
best-known pieces are (The Taking of Sebas-
topol) and “Surnames Go by Contraries. )
Smith, (Captain) John. The famous Eng.
lish adventurer and colonist; born in Wil-
loughby, Lincolnshire, January 1579; died in
London, June 21, 1631. He was one of the
founders of Virginia, who in 1607 settled in
Jamestown. His writings are: (A Map of Vir-
ginia,' etc. (1612); (The Generall Historie of
Virginia, etc. ( 1624); Description of New
England); (An Accidence, or Pathway to
Experience); (A Sea Grammar); (The True
Travels of Captain John Smith.
Smith, Mary Louise (Riley). An American
verse-writer; born in Brighton, N. Y. , May 27,
1842. She is author of (A Gift of Gentians,
and Other Verses) (1882); “The Inn of Rest)
(1888); and several booklets, in which are
included her notably popular poems (Tired
Mothers, (If, (His Name, and "Sometime.
Smith, Matthew Hale. A Unitarian minister,
journalist, and author; born in Portland, Me. ,
in 1810; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , 1879. As a
newspaper correspondent under the name (Bur-
leigh,” he attained reputation for vivacity and
piquancy.
He also made successful lecture
tours. His writings include: Universalism
Exposed (1842); (Universalism Not of God
(1847); (Sabbath Evenings! ( 1849 ); Mount
Calvary) (1866); and (Sunshine and Shadow
in New York) (1868-69).
Smith, Richard Penn. An American drama-
tist and novelist; born in Philadelphia, March
13, 1799; died at Falls of Schuylkill, Pa. , Aug.
12, 1854. Among his most distinguished plays
are : Caius Marius,' a tragedy, presented by
Edwin Forrest in 1831 ; (The Disowned'; and
(The Venetians. His other works include:
(The Forsaken,' a novel (2 vols. , 1831 ); Life
of David Crockett (1836); and 'Life of Martin
Van Buren) (1836). His Complete Works,
Embodied in his Life and Correspondence'
was published by his son, Horace Wemyss
Smith (4 vols. , 1888).
Smith, Samuel Francis. An American cler.
gyman and religious verse-writer; born in Bos-
ton, Oct. 21, 1808; died in 1895. He was the
author of numerous hymns, including America,
which was written in 1832; and has published
for young readers and others : Knights and
Sea Kings); Mythology and Early Greek
History); and (Poor Boys who Became Great. "
Smith, Seba. [“Major Jack Downing. ”] An
American journalist and political satirist; born
in Buckfield, Me. , Sept. 14, 1792; died in Patch-
ogue, L. I. , July 29, 1868. His publications in-
clude: (The Life and Writings of Major Jack
Downing,' a series of humorous and satirical let.
ters written during the administration of Presi-
dent Jackson (1833); Powhatan,' a poetic ro-
mance (1841); New Elements in Geometry
(1850); and “Way Down East) (1855).
Smith, Sydney. A celebrated English wit,
clergyman, and essayist; born at Woodford,
Essex, June 3, 1771; died in London, Feb. 22,
1845. He was one of the founders of the Edin-
burgh Review. His writings comprise articles
contributed to the Edinburgh Review and re-
published in book form in 1839; Peter Plym.
ley's Letters) (1807-8), in favor of Catholic
emancipation; (Three Letters to Archdeacon
Singleton on the Ecclesiastical Commission
(1837-39); Letters); “ Papers); etc. *
Smith, Walter Chalmers.
A Scotch poet
and story-writer; born 1824. Among his writ-
ings are : "Olrig Grange: A Poem (1872);
(Hilda among the Broken Gods) (1878); (Ra-
ban, or Life Splinters) (1880); North-Country
Folk Poems) (1883); (Kildrostan, a dramatic
poem (1884).
Smith, William. An English poet and noy-
elist. He wrote: (Guidone : A Dramatic Poem
(2d ed. 1836); (Athelwold, a tragedy (1842);
(Discourse on the Ethics of the School of Paley)
(1839); “Thorndale; or, The Conflict of Opin-
ions) (1857); "Gravenhurst; or, Thoughts on
Good and Evil) (1862).
Smith, William. A distinguished English
classical scholar and compiler of classical dic-
tionaries; born in London, 1813 or 1814; died
1893. He was of great learning, and his works
have been very influential in the guidance and


## p. 499 (#515) ############################################

SMITH-SOMERVILLE
499
extension of scholarship. They include: (Dic-
tionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities' (1840–
42); “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography
and Mythology) (1843-49); “Dictionary of Greek
and Roman Geography) (1853-57); Dictionary
of the Bible) (1860-63); Dictionary of Christian
Antiquities) (1875-80); Dictionary of Christian
Biography, Literature, Sects, and Doctrines, dur-
ing the First Eight Centuries) (1877-87), with
Dr. Wace. He also published Greek and Latin
text-books, dictionaries, and manuals, besides
editing editions of Gibbon, Hume, Hallam, and
other historians.
Smith, William Robertson. A Scotch theo-
logian and Orientalist; born at Keig, Aber.
deenshire, Nov. 8, 1846; died at Cambridge,
March 31, 1894. Upon concluding his theo-
logical studies at Edinburgh, Göttingen, and
Bonn, he was elected to the chair of Hebrew
and Old Testament exegesis in the Free Church
College, Aberdeen, and almost immediately be-
gan to arouse opposition by the advanced tone
of his lectures, essays, and addresses. A crisis
in his career came upon the appearance of his
Biblical contributions to the ninth edition of
the (Encyclopædia Britannica,' when he was
tried for heresy, but finally acquitted in 1880.
His article on Hebrew Language and Liter-
ature) in the Britannica) led to his removal
from the Free Church College professorship.
The views which occasioned the controversy
are set forth in (The Old Testament in the
Jewish Church (1881), « The Prophets of Israel
(1882), and many important pamphlets. Mean-
while he had been very active in Oriental stud-
ies, and in 1883 became professor of Arabic at
Cambridge. To this period belong Kinship
and Marriage in Early' Arabia) (1885), and
(Religion of the Semites: Fundamental Insti-
tutions) (1889). He was for a time sole editor
of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica. '
Smollett, Tobias George. A celebrated Brit-
ish novelist; born at Dalquhurn, Dumbarton-
shire, Scotland, March 1721 ; died at Monte
Novo, near Leghorn, Italy, Oct. 21, 1771. His
works include: Advice) (1746? ), a satire ;
(Reproof (1746? ), a satire ; (The Adventures
of Roderick Random (1748); (The Regicide)
(1749), a tragedy ; (The Adventures of Pere-
grine Pickle) (1751); (The Adventures of Fer-
dinand, Count Fathom (1753); “Don Quixote)
(1755), a translation from the Spanish of Cer-
vantes; 'Compendium of Voyages and Travels)
(1757); History of England from the Land-
ing of Cæsar to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle)
(1757); (The Reprisals) (1757), a farce; (The
Adventures of Sir Lancelot Greaves) (1760-61);
a translation of 'Gil Blas) (1761); (The Present
State of all Nations : containing a Geographi-
cal, Natural, Commercial, and Political His-
tory of all the Countries of the Known World)
(1763); (Travels) (1766); (The Adventures of
an Atom (1769), a political satire; and “The
Expedition of Humphrey Clinker) (1771). *
Smyth, Charles Piazzi. A Scotch astrono-
mer; born at Naples, Jan. 3, 1819. His studies
of the great Egyptian pyramid led him to the
conclusion that that structure was raised under
direct inspiration of God, and that therein were
deposited revelations of the great truths of
physical Nature. He wrote "Our Inheritance
in the Great Pyramid) (3d ed. 1880).
Smyth, (Samuel) Newman (Phillips). An
American clergyman and religious writer; born
in Brunswick, Me. , June 25, 1843. His publica-
tions include : "Old Faiths in New Light);
(The Orthodox Theology of To-day); (The
Morality of the Old Testament); (Personal
Creeds); (Christian Ethics ); (The Religious
Feeling); and (The Reality of Faith.
Snider, Denton Jaques. Born in Mt. Gilead,
0. , Jan. 9, 1841. His studies of the great poets,
Homer, Shakespeare, Dante, Goethe, and his
writings on kindred topics, are very numerous,
comprising some eighteen volumes.
His book
(A Walk in Hellas) is a remarkable study of
Greece as it is to-day, illuminated by what it
was in its prime. *
Snieders, Jan Renier (snē'ders). A Dutch
novelist; born at Bladel in North Brabant,
Nov. 22, 1812; died at Turnhout, April 9, 1888.
His stories are mostly tales of village life.
Among them are (Amanda); Doctor Mar-
cus); (Narda.
Snoilsky, Carl Johan Gustaf, Count (snoil'.
skē). A Swedish poet; born in Stockholm,
Sept. 8, 1841. His (Sonnets) (1871), and his
translation of Goethe's ballads ( 1876 ), are
among the best in Swedish literature. His later
poems, New Stanzas) (1881), show sympathy
for the unfortunate and oppressed.
Snorri or Snorre Sturluson (snor'ē stér'.
lä-son). An Icelandic historian and states-
man; born 1179; slain 1241. He composed the
Prose or Younger Edda ; and wrote the (Heims-
kringla,' a series of biographies of Norwegian
kings. * (See article (Eddas) in the Library. )
Socrates (sok’ra-tēs). The renowned Athen-
ian philosopher; born at Athens about 470 B. C. ;
died 399 B. C. He left no writings, and his
philosophical method and his teaching are to
be learned from the works of his disciples and
contemporaries, especially Plato and Xenophon.
In the Dialogues) of Plato, or rather in the
earlier dialogues, Socrates is believed to figure
in word and in action as he lived, a sincere
searcher for truth in all things. *
Solomon ben Jehuda ibn Gabirol. See
Avicebron.
Solon (so’lon). The Athenian legislator;
lived about 638–559 B. C. The constitution
which he gave to Athens is very clearly ex-
plained in Grote's History of Greece. Solon
himself defined its character and aims in six
hexameters which have come down to our
time. *
Somerville, Mary Fairfax. A Scottish as-
tronomer and scientist; born at Jedburgh, Dec.
26, 1780; died in Naples, Nov. 29, 1872. She
was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical


## p. 500 (#516) ############################################

500
SOPHOCLES-SOUTHWORTH
Society. She published: Mechanism of the
Heavens) (1830), a translation of Laplace's
(Mécanique Céleste,' made at the request of
Lord Brougham; 'Connection of the Physical
Sciences) (1834); Physical Geography) (1849);
(Microscopical and Molecular Science) (1869).
Sophocles (sof'o-klēz). The great Greek
tragic poet was born at Colonus, near Athens,
about 495 B. C. ; died about 405. His seven
extant tragedies are conjectured to have been
given to the public in the following order:
(Antigone) (440 B. C. );Electra”; Trachiniæ);
((Edipus Tyrannus); (Ajax); Philoctetes);
and (Edipus at Colonus. *
Sophocles, Evangelinus Apostolides. A
Grecian scholar and educational writer; born
in Tsangaranda, Thessaly, Greece, March 8,
1807 ; died in Cambridge, Mass. , Dec. 17, 1883.
Coming to America in 1829, he became pro-
fessor of ancient, modern, and Byzantine Greek
in Harvard University in 1860. Among his
publications are: Romaic Grammar) (1842;
2d ed. Boston, 1857 ; London, 1806); “Glossary
of Later and Byzantine Greek) (1860, forming
Vol. vii. , new series of Memoirs of the Amer.
ican Academy'); and (Greek Lexicon of the
Roman and Byzantine Periods, his most im-
portant work (1870).
Sophron (so'fron). A Greek mimetic poet of
the fifth century B. C. , native of Syracuse. His
mimes were dialogues in Doric Greek, half in
play, half in earnest, in which the character-
istics of the lower orders were faithfully ren-
dered. Only inconsiderable fragments of these
compositions have come down to us.
Sordello (sor-delʼlo). An Italian poet; born
at Goito, near Mantua, about 1180; died about
1255. He composed poems in the language of
Provence, of which 34 remain. One of the
most celebrated passages in Dante is on the
subject of this poet, and Browning's (Sordello !
(1840) is founded upon the story of his life.
Sotheby, William. An English poet; born
in London, 1757 ; died Dec. 30, 1833. He is
only remembered now as a translator of Homer
and Virgil, and a favorite among the blue-
stockings of Byron's time, but he wrote among
many other things : (The Battle of the Nile)
(1799) and (Saul' (1807), poems, and (Italy
and Other Poems) (1828); “ The Siege of Cuzco)
(1800); Julian and Agnes! (1801), Orestes)
(1802), "Ivan) (1816), tragedies.
Soulié, Melchior Frédéric (söl-yē'). A
French novelist and poet; born at Foix (Ari-
ège), Dec. 24, 1800; died at Bièvre near Paris,
Sept. 23, 1847. He commenced his literary ca-
reer by publishing a volume of poems, French
Loves) (1824), followed by (Romeo and Juliet)
(1828). (Christine at Fontainebleau' and (Clo-
thilde) (1832) were popular dramas. Some of
his novels also achieved public favor, such as
(The Count of Toulouse) (1835); “A Summer
at Meudon (1836).
Soumet, Alexandre (sö-
A French
dramatist; born at Castelnaudary, Feb. 8, 1788;
died at Compiègne, March 30, 1845. He won
fame with his first elegy, (The Poor Girl
(1814). His principal tragedies are: (Clytem-
nestra) and “Saul (1822); Joan of Arc) (1825);
(Elizabeth of France) (1828).
South, Robert. An English preacher and
controversial writer; born at Hackney, Lon-
don, in 1633; died in London, July 8, 1716.
His sermons are very noted. The published
editions of them are numerous (1692, 6 vols. ;
4th ed. 1715; new ed. , enlarged, 1744, 11 vols. ,
edited by W. G. T. Shedd ; 1867, 5 vols. ).
Southerne, Thomas. An English playwright;
born in Dublin, 1660; died 1746. His more
notable plays are: “The Persian Prince; or,
The Loyal Brother); (The Fatal Marriage
(1094); "Sir Anthony Love; or, The Rambling
Lady?
Southesk, Sir James Carnegie, Earl of. A
Scotch poet; born 1827. He wrote: (Her-
minius, a Romance) (1862); Jonas Esher: A
Poem in Brown and White (1876); Meda
Maiden' (1877); (The Burial of Isis, with Other
Poems) (1884).
Southey, Caroline Ann (Bowles) (south'y
or suth'y). An English poet, wife of Robert
Southey; born at Lymington, Hampshire, Dec.
6, 1787; died there, July 20, 1854. A collection
of her poems published in 1820 brought her to
the notice of the world of letters. (The Pau-
per's Death-Bed is well known. She is the
author of Ellen Fitz-Arthur,' a poem (1820);
(The Widow's Tale, and Other Poems) (1822);
(The Birthday) (1836); (Tales of the Facto-
ries,' in verse (1847).
Southey, Robert. A celebrated English poet
and prose-writer; born in Bristol, Aug. 12, 1774;
died March 21, 1843. His principal poems are :
Joan of Arc' (1795); (The Curse of Kehama,
based upon Hindu mythology (1810); A Vision
of Judgment,' an apotheosis of George III.
(1821). Among his prose works are : "History
of Brazil (1810-19); Life of Nelson (1813);
Life of John Wesley) (1820); Book of the
Church) (1824); Life of John Bunyan' (1830);
and (The Doctor) (1834-37). He was made
poet-laureate in 1813. *
Southwell, Robert. An English poet and
Jesuit martyr; born about 1502; executed at
Tyburn, Feb. 22, 1595. He wrote: “Consolation
for Catholics) (1586? ), a prose work; but his
literary fame rests upon his poems, the longest
of which is (St. Peter's Complaint, while the
best is generally considered to be (The Burn-
ing Babe.
Southworth, Emma Dorothy Eliza (Ne-
vitte). One of the most prolific of Ameri-
can sensational novelists ; born in Washington,
D. C. , Dec. 26, 1818. Among her sixty-odd
stories are: (Retribution'; 'Unknown); 'The
Family Doom); (The Mother's Secret); and
(An Exile's Bride. Many of them have been
translated into French, German, and Spanish,
and republished in London, Paris, Leipsic,
Madrid, and Montreal.


## p. 501 (#517) ############################################

SOUVESTRE-SPENCER
501
Souvestre. Émile (sö-vestr'). A French
dramatist and novelist; born 1806; died 1854.
He is celebrated as the author of (An Attic
Philosopher) (1850). His other works include:
(The Last Bretons) (1836); “Travels in Finis-
terre); (The Confessions of a Workman);
(Pierre and Jean'; (The Greased Pole); (Man
and Money); etc. His plays include Henri
Hamelin) and (Uncle Baptiste. *
Spalding, John Lancaster. An American
prelate of the Catholic Church, bishop of Peo-
ria, Ill. ; born in Lebanon, Ky. , June 2, 1840.
He has done much to establish educational
institutions in this country, and is widely known
as an author and poet. Besides (Essays and
Reviews) (1876), he has published a 'Life of
Archbishop Spalding (1872); (Religious Mis-
sion of the Irish People) (1880); "Lectures and
Discourses) (1882); (America, and Other Po-
ems); "The Poet's Praise); (Education and
the Higher Life); and Songs, Chiefly from the
German.
Spalding, Martin John. A Catholic prelate,
archbishop of Baltimore; born near Lebanon,
Ky. , May 23, 1810; died in Baltimore, Feb. 7,
1872. He was distinguished as a controversial-
ist and polemical writer, and published many
works; among them: D'Aubigné's History of
the Reformation Reviewed) (1844); "Lectures
on the General Evidences of Christianity)
(1847 and 1866); Miscellanies and Reviews)
(1885); and History of the Protestant Refor-
mation in Germany,' etc. (2 vols. , 1860). He
also edited (The General History of the
Catholic Church,' by Abbé Darras (4 vols. ,
1860).
Sparhawk, Frances Campbell. An Amer-
ican novelist and short-story writer; born in
Maine in 1847. She has written a large num-
ber of serial stories for the Christian Union
and other papers, of which the most important
is Elizabeth: A Romance or Colonial Days. )
She is also the author of 'A Lazy Man's Work)
(1881); Little Polly Blatchley) (1887); (Miss
West's Class in Geography) (1887); “Onoqua,
an Indian story; and "Senator Intrigue and
Inspector Nosely. "
Sparks, Jared. An American historian; born
in Willington, Conn. , May 10, 1789; died in
Cambridge, Mass. , March 14, 1866. From 1849
to 1853 he was president of Harvard College.
He is best known as the editor of the library
of American Biography (10 vols. , 1834-38), con-
taining twenty-six Lives) to which a second
series of thirty-four was added later (15 vols. ,
1844-47); and as the author of several of
the biographies,- namely, Ethan Allen, Bene-
dict Arnold, Father Marquette, La Salle, Count
Pulaski, Jean Ribault, Charles Lee, and John
Ledyard.
Sparks, William Henry. An American verse
and prose writer ; born on St. Simon's Island,
Ga. , Jan. 16, 1800; died in Marietta, Ga. , Jan.
13, 1882. He published: (The Memories of
Fifty Years) (1870; 4th ed. 1882); (Father
Anselmo's Ward); (Chilecah); and (The Wo-
man with the Iron-Gray Hair. He was also
the author of the popular verses (Somebody's
Darling' and (The Old Church Bell.
Spaulding, Solomon. An American clergy-
man and writer; born in Ashford, Conn. , in
1761; died in Amity, Pa. , Oct. 20, 1816. He
was a Revolutionary soldier, a Congregational
minister, and afterwards a manufacturer of iron.
While living at Conneaut, Pa. (1811-12), he
wrote a romance,' The Manuscript Found, pub-
lished in 1812, purporting to have been dis-
covered in an ancient mound. This work was
said to have furnished the basis for the Book
of Mormon); in denial of which the original
manuscript of Spaulding's romance was repub-
lished by the Mormons in 1885.
Spears, John Randolph. A New York jour-
nalist and story-writer; born in Ohio in 1850.
He has published: (The Gold Diggings of
Cape Horn); (The Port of Missing Ships, and
Other Stories.
Spedding, James. An English critic and lit-
erary historian; born near Bassenthwaite, in
Cumberland, 1808; died in London, March 9,
1881. The labors of his whole life were con-
cerned with the works of Lord Bacon; and his
first work, Evenings with a Reviewer' (2 vols. ,
privately printed in 1848, published 1881), was
an elaborate review of Macaulay's essay on
the great philosopher. He published (The
Works of Francis Bacon) 17 vols. , 1857-59);
(Life and Letters of Francis Bacon) 17 vols. ,
1870-76); Life and Times of Francis Bacon
(2 vols. , 1878); and a volume of miscellaneous
(Reviews and Discussions) (1869).
Speed, John Gilmer. An American jour-
nalist; born in Kentucky, 1853. He has been
managing editor of the New York World, has
contributed to leading periodicals, and has pub-
lished a Life of Keats. )
Speke, John Hanning. An English ex-
plorer; born at Jordans, Somersetshire, May 4,
1827; died near Bath, of an accidental gun-
shot wound, Sept. 15, 1864. He entered the
army, and served in India and in the Crimean
war; was with Capt. Richard F. Burton in an
expedition which discovered the great lakes
of Central Africa; and was at the head of
another expedition which discovered the con-
nection of the Nile with those lakes. He pub-
lished: (A Journal of the Discovery of the
Source of the Nile (1863); and “What Led to
the Discovery of the Source of the Nile) (1864).
Spencer, Herbert.