No More Learning

Theophrastus, 103, 169, 161, 164, 178 f. ,
198
Stupla, 154, 250, 286, 333, 350 Theosophy, of Renaissance, 366 ff.
Schelling's, 616 ff.
Theurgy, 250.
Thing, as contradiction according to
Herbart, 684 real and apparent,
584
Thing-in-itself, with Kant, 547 criti
cized by Jacobi, 573 by Reinhold, 675 by Schulze, 577 conception of, modified by Mairaon, 678 re placed by Beck, with "conscious
Index. 728
448 of Hobbes, 448 of Locke, 468
see also Nominalism.
Tertullian, 214, 217, 221 f. , 224 f. , 688
(217). Testa, 631.
Tctens, 446, 612. Thales, 24, 27, 29, 32 Themistius, 218. Theodicy, of Stoics, 196
48
247 Patristic, 262
280, 283 of Leibniz, 491 of Kant, 659 of Schopenhauer, 620 Hartmann, 673 see also Teleology, and Evil.
Theodoric of Chartres, 294, 302.
of 1'lotinus, of Augustine,
Teleology, of Anazagoras, 42, 64 ; of
Socrates, 98 ; Plato, 128 ; Aristotle, ness" in general, 679 coincides with
144 ff. , 178 ; rejected by Strato, 179 ;
maintained by Stoics, 181 f. , 196 ff. ;
opposed by Epicureans, 182 f. ; of
history, among Christian thinkers, 683 ff. found in the will by Schopen 260 ff. ; of Nature and history with hauer, 588
Thomas, 327 ; Herder, 627 ; rejected Thonueus, 369.
by Descartes, Bacon, and Spinoza, Thomas Aquinas and Thomism, as 401 ; of Leibniz, 420-425, 491 f. ; systematiser, 31 life and writings, esthetic of Shaftesbury, 489; utili 313 on faith and reason, 321 psy tarian of Reimarus and Wolff, 490:
rejected by Bayle and Holbach, 493 f. ;
early, of Kant, 490 ; later, 669 ff. ; as
principle in idealism, 590 ; with Schil
ling, 698 ff. ; Herbart, 686 note 2 ;
Lotze, 644 ; Hartmann, 647, 673.
Teles, 216, 686 (163).
Telesio, 356, 376, 383.
Terminism, of Occam, 325, 342 ; of
Renaissance, 360 f. , 376 ; influence on Thomasius, 432, 444, 606, 620 Descartes, Locke, and Bacon, 403 Thought, opposed to perception by Co*
Spinoza's God, Schleiermacher, 682 idealistically resolved by Fichte, 679 re-shaped pluralistically by Herbart,
chology, 324 doctrine of the state, 326 on relation between will and intellect, 328 ff. determinism, 330; God and the good, 332 ethics. 333 on problem of individuality, 340 opposed by empiricism, 344 . , 402 by Cartesians, 416 by Crusius, 486 revival of, in nineteenth century, 661 note. Cf. also 299, 487, 492.
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724 Index.
mologists, 68 ff. ; by Plato and De- from sensibility, opposed by Kant's
critics, 676 principles of the, op posed by Fichte, Hegel, et al. 691 and by Coleridge, 665.
mocritus, 106 ; as object of Logic,
133 ; as the divine self-consciousness,
with Aristotle, 145 ; conceived as a
reckoning, 404, 478 039 form and Uniformity of Nature, understood in
content of thought, 461, 641 ff. as "attribute" with Spinoza, see Con
astronomy, 67 taught by Democri- tus, 107 ff. and the Stoics, 180
194 restricted by Aristotle, 142 denied by Epicurus, 182 affirmed in Renaissance, 401 ff. critical theory of, 641 ff. see also Law and Nature.
sciousness see
also
Reason,
and
Epistemology.
Thrandorf, 832.
Thrasyllus, 162, 216.
Thrasy machus, 76 .
Thurot, 627.
Tiedemann, 10, 445.
Time, . as form of inner sense, with ness, 160, 458 synthetic of Kant,
Augustine, 283 as perception 640, 542 of human race, 261 of priori with Kant, 465, 639 ff. Her- reason and nature as ethical princi
bart's view, 686.
Timon, 160, 167, 200.
Tindal, 441, 496.
Toccoj 631.
Toland, 441, 488, 493, 623, 694 (488). Toleration, 367, 427 ff. , 433, 487. Tooke, 440.
Tracy, Destutt de, 442v 467, 634 Traditionalism, French, 627 648 Tragedy, defined by Aristotle, 163. Transcendence, of God, 146, 236, 338
ple, 604 f. ; see also One.
Universal and particular (see also Real
ism, Nominalism, and Conceptional- ism), Socrates, 97 Plato's Ideas as, 107-109, 119-122; Aristotle, 133 ft. , 142 mediaeval controversy over, 287 ff. Abelard, 2(H) Sizolius, 360
as category, 543 Spinoza, 409
Feuerbach and Stirner, 641, 675. Universe, as organism and work of art, 367, 489; as homogeneous, 402;
see World, and Nature.
Universality, as criterion of the a priori
with Kant, 640 see Validity. Unreason, of the world-ground, 615
673 f. , 670.
Utilitarianism, with Sophists and Soc
rates, 74 f. , 78 with Epicurus, 174 in the Enlightenment, 490, 603, 606 612 ff. quantitative with Bentham, 613, 522, 662-664, 665
Unity, the Eleatics, 38 Spinoza, 419 in plurality, 422, 424 of conscious
-
cf. Immanence. Transcendental illusion, 648.
philosophy,
632 ff.
Transformation of values, 661, 679. Trendelenburg, 632.
Trinity, doctrine of Augustine, 280 in
Realism, 295 above reason, 321. Tropes of vEiiesidemus, 200; of Agrippa,
201.
Troxler, 698 (673).
Truth (see Epistemology), twofold, theological, Paley, 514 of philoso
320 ff. , 494. phy of law, 622 in nineteenth cen Truths, Leibniz on necessary and con tury, 625, 662 f. , 670 . of Mill,
tingent, 398 425 see Vlritis. Tschirnhausen, 382, 391.
Tucker, 410.
Turbiglio, 631.
Turgot, 443, 652.
Twofold truth, doctrine of, 320 ft. , 494. Tyndall, 630.
665 ff. and evolution, 662, 667 Utopia, Bacon's, 387, 429 More's,
427-429 Campanula's, 430 also 126.
Valentinus, 214, 217, 239, 243, 264. Vacherot, 627.
Validity, universal, as problem of the
Ueberweg, 16, 681.
Ulrici, 682, 640.
Unconditioned, the, as Idea, with lem of Kant, 538 and note 539 ff. ,
551 ff. , 560 ff. ; as true problem
philosophy, 627, 680
Valla, 366, 360.
Values, conception of, introduced into
with Hartmann, 646 673.
Understanding, differs from sensibility oras, 42 by Anaximander, 49
by distinctness of its ideas with Pythagoreans, 67 by Plato and l)e- Leibniz, 463 faculty of spontaneity mocritus, 106 by Aristotle, 143 with Kant, 486; forms of synthesis natural and artificial, 517 cf. also of, 642 prescribes laws to Nature, Nature and tpiea anthropomorph 642 intuitive, 667 separation of ism of, rejected by Spinoza, 401
Kant, 649 unknowable, according
to Hamilton, 638, and Spencer, 667. Unconscious, the, with Leibniz, 424,
462 f. ; with Fichte, 694 and note
theoretical consideration by Anazag-
Sophists 68, 74, 93; postulated by Socrates, 69, 81, 95 ff. as prob
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SfKthne de la Mature, 403 ; theory of, with Beneke, 637 ; problem of, 000 fl. ; transformation of, 661, 679; relativity of, 76, 680; universal va lidity of, as problem, 561, 563, 660, 027, 661, 680 f. ; of civilisation, 628 ft. , 660 ft. ; social, 513, 622, 603, 007 ; realm of, Lotze, 644, 081 ; measured in terms of pleasure, see Hedonism ; by other standards, see Good and Worth.
Van Helmont, 403.
Vanini, 360.
Variability, of the World-ground, 371 ;
of organic matter in Darwinism,
Ficbte, 680 694 of Bouterwek, 687 of Schopenhauer, 668 677 of Biran, 636 of recent psychology, 637, 040, 054 in ideals of life, 070- 079 see Intellectualism, and Will.
Wagner, J. J. , 097 (671). Wagner, Richard, 077 Waguer, Rudolph, 032, 642. Wallace, A. , 030.
Walter of Montague, 274.
Ward, 630.
Way upward and downward, Heracli-
tus, 30, 60.
Weber-Fechner Law, 646.
Wedgwood, 629.
Weigel, Erhard, 382, 307.
Weigel, Valentine, 366, 366, 870, 374,
397.
Weiss, 445, 613. Weisse, 032, 040. Whewell, 620.
066 f . ; with Spencer, Varro, 101, 103. Vayer, 366.
Veitch, 020.
Venn, 020. Ventura, 631. Vera, 631.
667.
—
VirtU* Htrnellet, defait, with Leib Wilckins, 306.
Index. 725
niz, . 108, 422, 426, 465, 401 f. ; cf.
Will (see also Freedom) with Augus tine, 281 relation to intellect, 328 ff. recognised as factor in judg ment by Descartes, 394 the only absolute good, 651 Bouterwek on, 587 as thing-in-itself and source of misery, Schopenhauer, 688 f. , 620 ff. as first principle, Maine de Biran.
5tS6, 640.
Vernias, Nicoletto, 355.
Vlco, 626, 528.
Victorines. 275, 305, 32. 3, 414.
Villers, 0. 16.
Vincent of Beauvais, 313, 344.
Vinci, Leonardo da, 387.
Virtual innateness, 403-460, 583.
Virtuauam of Bouterwek, 588, 035.
Virtue, ambiguity of the term, 78 ; 676
Beneke, Fortlage, 637 Wundt, Hartmann, 646. 073 Bahnsen,
Nietzsche, 677 see Volun
consists in knowledge, Socrates, 78 tarism.
ff. ; necessarily results in happiness, William of Auvergne, 314, 332, 340.
81 ; the sole good, Antisthenes, 83 ; William of Champeauz, 272, 274, 294, is ability for enjoyment, Aristippus. 2t»8.
85 ; is knowledge, 164 ; is suspense William of Conches, 274, 302 867.
of judgment, Sceptics, 107 ; is sole William Durandus, 316.
good for Stoics, 108 ; arises only William de la Marre, 314.
through the logon, Philo, 227 ; as stimulated by beauty, Plntinus. 250 ; relation to happinttw. Kant, 555 f. ; see also Ethics and Good.
William of Occam. 312, 316, 822
826. 828, 330, 342 ff. , 376, 426, 432,
691 (342). Winkler, 882.
Virtues, the four cardinal, of Plato, Wiw man. Stoic ideal of, 160, 171 ff. 126 f. ; ethical and dianoetic, of Epicurean, 166, 170
Aristotle, 161, 154 ; these subordi Wise Men, the Seven, 84.
nated Ut the Christian by Augustine. Wolff. Chr. , life and writings, 444;
287 ; dianoetic, above the practical,
with Thomas, 333; cf. Ethics. Vischer. 031.
Vives. 356, 300 f. , 376, 383. Vogt. 632, 642.
Vnirl (see also Space), with 1'armenides. 3x ; with Gnostics, 230.
Viilkrrpteholooie, 631, 640.
Volnev, 443, 621.
Voltaire. 430, 442, 456. 480. 489, 403, Woolston, 406.
496 f. . 505, 621, 623. 603 (442). Voluntarism, of Augustine, 281 ff. ; of Scotus, 328 ff. ; of Descartes, 394 ; of Leibniz, 426 ; of Kant, 664 f. ; of
Wordsworth, 620.
World, early Greek views of, 31 fl.
two worlds, of the myths, 686 (123) of Pythagoreans, 47, 67; of Plato,
636 646
aims to systematise the thought of Leibniz, 400 method and meta physics. 482 attacked, 478, 484 attitude toward religion, 487 teleol ogy, 400 ethics, 605 ff. on the state, 610 cf. also 397, 482, 439, 478, 690.
Wolff. P. . 454. Wollaston, 441. 504.
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726 Index.
123 ; of Middle Ages, 294, 323 ; of World-stuff, 32; as water, as air, 32, Kant, 665 ; origin of, according to 66 as fire, 36.
early Greeks, 48 ff. ; plurality of, 49 ; World-will, 689, 622, 673.
a process, Heraclitus, 60 ; incorpo Worms, 628.
real, of Plato, 117 f. ; origin of, with
Plato, 130 ; Aristotle's view of, 147 f. ;
Epicurus, 184 ; as macrocosm, Stoics,
187 ; Bruno and Boehme, 366 ff. ;
product of spirit, 235 ; relation of to
God, 236 ff. ; eternal, of Origen, 264 ;
intelligible, 290 ; Copernican theory
of, 369; intelligible in God, Male-
branche, 417 ; the best, Leibniz,
491 f. ; as Idea with Kant, 649 f. ; Zabarella, 355.
historical view of, in German ideal Zeller, 631.
ism, 612, 625 664 ff. natural Zeno of Elea, 28, 30, 44, 66 61, science view of in nineteenth cen 89 ff.
tury, 624 661 ff. , 659. See also Zeno of Sidon, 162.
Universe, Nature, Natural Science, Zeno the Stoic, 159, 162, 168, 176. History. Ziller, 631.
World-reason, 128, 172, 187. See also Zimara, 355.
Logos.
World-soul, 63 note 131
Plato, 231.
Zimmermann, 631. evil with Zorzi, 357.
Zwingli, 366.
Worth, of the person, 563 Wundt, 633, 646.
see Value.
Xenocrates, 103, 123, 164, 243, 687
(189L
Xenophanes, 28, 30, 34 ft, 46, 146.
Xenophon, 71, 77 ff. , 82, 97, 182.
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