His first collection
of lyric verse, Poesies) (1851), reached a 5th
edition in his lifetime, and won for him the
title “the Béranger of Portugal.
of lyric verse, Poesies) (1851), reached a 5th
edition in his lifetime, and won for him the
title “the Béranger of Portugal.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
19, 1839.
Since 1878 he has been pro-
fessor of geology and zoology in Brown Uni-
versity. His works include: A Guide to the
Study of Insects' (1869); Half-Hours with In-
sects) (1875); Life Histories) (1876); “Zoology)
(1879).
Packard, Frederick Adolphus. An Ameri-
can lawyer, editor, and author; born in Massa-
chusetts in 1794; died in 1867. He was editor
of the publications of the American Sunday-
School Union for nearly forty years. Among
his important works are: (The Union Bible
Dictionary) (1837); (The Teacher Taught)
(1839); "Life of Robert Owen (1866).
Pacuvius, Marcus (pa-kū'vē-us). A Roman
tragic poet; born at Brundisium about 219 B. C. ;
died about 129 B. C. His plays are nearly all
founded on Greek subjects connected with the
Trojan war: except fragments preserved in the
writings of Cicero and in the Attic Nights)
of Gellius, they are all lost. Among these
fragments is one in which the poet is seen to
have been a rather bold free-thinker, consider-
ing the age in which he lived : « They who un-
derstand the notes of birds » (i. e. , augurs, ha-
ruspices, etc. ), “and derive their wisdom more
from examining the livers of other creatures
than from their own (wit), I think should be
rather heard than heeded. )
Paddock, Mrs. Cornelia. An American
writer of fiction. Her works are : In the Toils)
(1879); “The Fate of Madame la Tour: A Tale
of Great Salt Lake) (1881).
Padilla, Pedro de (pä-de'lyä). A Spanish
poet; born at Linares; died about 1595. He
was a friend of Cervantes, and a notable im-
provisator. He renounced the world in his
old age and became a Carmelite friar (1585).
His works consist of lyric and bucolic poems,
satires, spiritual songs, and metrical romances:
some of them, especially the eclogues, are
among the best of their time. His poems were
published under the titles: (Treasury of Vari-
ous Poems) (1575); Pastoral Eclogues) (1581);
(Romances) (1583); (Spiritual Garden (1585);
(Grandeurs and Excellencies of the Virgin Our
Lady) (1587).
Page, Thomas Nelson. An American writer
of fiction; born in Oakland, Va. , April 23, 1853.
He was educated at Washington and Lee
University, and practiced law at Richmond, Va.
His first story, Marse Chan) (1887), attracted
immediate attention and was widely read. He
has written: 'Two Little Confederates) (1888);
On New-Found River) (1891); Elsket and
Other Stories) (1891); (The Old South' (1892);
(Pastime Stories) (1894); (Unc' Edinburgh
(1895); “Social Life in Old Virginia' (1897). *
Pages, François Xavier (päzh). A French
littérateur; born at Aurillac, 1745; died 1802.
His works, besides many novels, include "His.
torical Tableaux of the French Revolution (4
vols. , 1791-1804).
Paget, Francis Edward. An English story.
writer; born May 24, 1806; died Aug. 4, 1882.
His most important work is a compilation of
(Some Records of the Ashstead Estate (1873).
His stories deal with church and social reform ;
among them are: (Caleb Kniverton, the In-
cendiary) (1833); (Milford Malvoisin; or, Pews
and Pewholders) (1842); “The Curate of Cum-
berworth and the Vicar of Roost' (1859).
Paget, Violet. (“Vernon Lee. ”] An Eng.
lish story-teller and miscellaneous writer; born
at Château St. -Leonard in Normandy. She is
author of several works on the history of art
and of culture, among them "Studies of the 18th
)
## p. 413 (#429) ############################################
PAILLERON - PALFREY
413
Century in Italy) (1880); (Belcaro : Essays on
Sundry Æsthetical Questions) (1881); (Eupho.
rion: Studies of the Antique and the Mediæval
in the Renaissance) (2 vols. , 2d ed. 1885); “Re-
naissance Fancies and Studies) (1895). Among
her stories are : "Ottilie (1883); (Miss Brown)
(1884).
Pailleron, Édouard J. : H. (pä-yer-on'). A
French dramatic writer; born at Paris, Sept. 17,
1834. He is author of the one-act comedy (The
Parasite) (1860); "The Parasites,' a volume of
satiric poems; the comedies Last Quarters,'
the last stage of a wedding tour (1863); (The
Second Movement' (1865); (The World where
One is Amused) (1868); (The World of Bore-
dom (1881); “The Mouse) (1887); (The Stroll-
ing Players. He wrote three volumes of poems;
viz. , Loves and Hatreds) (1869), (Prayer for
France) (1871), (The Doll) (1884); and (Aca-
demic Discourses) (1886). *
Pain, Marie Joseph (pan). A French dram-
atist; born at Paris, 1773; died there, 1830.
Beginning with (Saint-Far, or Love's Dainti-
ness,' in the initial crisis of the Revolution (1792),
he followed it with a long series of vaude-
villes and comedies, some of which had great
success; among them : (A Flat to Let) (1799);
(The Connoisseur) (1800); (The Duke's Por-
trait) (1805); Love and Mystery; or, Which Is
my Cousin ? ) (1807); (The Dreamers Awak-
ened) (1813); “The Ghost) (1816).
Paine, Robert Treat, Jr. An American
poet; born in Taunton, Mass. , Dec. 9, 1773;
died in Boston, Nov. 13, 1811. During the
greater part of his erratic career he was engaged
in various literary pursuits, although he was at
one time in business, and later practiced law
for a brief period. He will be best remembered
as the author of two songs, (Rise, Columbia,'
and (Adams and Liberty. Among his poems
are: (The Invention of Letters) (1795), and
( The Ruling Passion) (1797).
Paine, Thomas. A celebrated American
publicist; born at Thetford in Norfolkshire,
England, Jan. 29, 1737; died at New Rochelle,
N. Y. , June 8, 1809. He wrote (Common-Sense )
(1776); (The Rights of Man) (2 vols. , 1790);
* The Age of Reason) (1793); Decline and
Fall of the English System of Finance) (1896 :
it had 14 editions in that year). *
Painter, William. An English writer and
compiler of stories after the manner of Boc-
caccio ; born about 1540; died about 1594. His
most famous book is ( The Palace of Pleasure)
(2 vols. , 1566–67), consisting of stories taken
from the Heptameron, from Bandello, and
other Italian story-tellers.
Palacky, Frantisek (pä-lats-kē'). A Czech
historian; born at Hodoslavitz in Moravia, June
14, 1798; died at Prague, May 26, 1876. He
was appointed State historian of Bohemia in
1839. He wrote a History of Bohemia) down
to the year 1526 (1836-67); Beginnings of Bo-
hemian Poetry) (1818); Estimate of the An-
cient Bohemian Historians) (1830); Literary
Travels in Italy in the Year 1837, in Search of
Documents for Bohemian and Moravian His-
tory) (1838); (The Earliest Monuments of the
Bohemian Language) (1840); (History of Huss-
itism (1868); Documents Illustrating the Life,
the Cause, and the Teaching of Master John
Huss) (1869).
Palaprat, Jean Sieur de Bigot (pä-lä-prä).
A French dramatist; born at Toulouse, 1650;
died at Paris, 1721. He is best known for cert-
ain lively comedies written by him in collabora-
tion with the Abbé Brueys; chief among these
are: (The Mute); (The Grumbler) (1681);
(The Ridiculous Concert (1689); “The Secret
Revealed! ( 1690 ). Independently he wrote:
(Quid pro Quo); (Hercules and Omphale);
( The Prude.
Palearius, Aonius, or Antonio della Paglia
(pä-le-är'ē-us). An Italian polemic writer;
born at Veroli in the Pontifical States; died at
Rome, 1570. He wrote several theological dis-
sertations, and a notable Disputation against
the Roman Pontiffs and their Adherents); his
best work is a poem (On the Immortality of the
Soul' (1531), one of the finest specimens of
Latin poetry written in the 16th century.
Paley, Frederick Apthorp. An English
scholar and writer on architecture, grandson
of William. He graduated in 1838 at Cam-
bridge, became a Roman Catholic in 1846, and
professor of classical literature in University
College from 1874. He edited many Greek and
Latin texts, and published a Manual of Gothic
Architecture (1846), and other writings on
similar subjects.
Paley, William. A distinguished English
theological writer; born at Peterborough, 1743 ;
died May 25, 1805. He was appointed arch-
deacon of Carlisle, 1782; prebendary of St.
Paul's, London, 1794; dean of Lincoln, 1795.
His principal writings are : (Principles of Moral
and Political Philosophy) (1785); Horæ Pau-
linæ; or, The Truth of the Scripture History
of St. Paul Evinced, etc. (1791); View of
the Evidences of Christianity) (1794), his
most celebrated work; (Natural Theology; or,
Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of
the Deity Collected from the Appearances of
Nature) (1802), in some respects the most re-
markable of all his writings.
Palffy, Albert (päl'fē). A Hungarian novel-
ist and publicist; born at Gyula, 1823. In the
year of revolutions, 1848, he started a daily
journal, The Fifteenth of March, which had a
powerful influence in inciting the Hungarian
people to insurrection. He was incarcerated
for several months after the suppression of the
rebellion, and then resumed his labors as a
novelist. His principal stories are: (The Hun.
garian Millionaire) (1845); (The Black Book)
(1846); (Stories Left Behind by a Refugee!
(1850); Mother and Countess) (1886); Last
Years of Old. Hungary) (1890).
Palfrey, Francis Winthrop. An American
historical writer; born in Boston, April 11, 1831 ;
## p. 414 (#430) ############################################
PALFREY - PALMEIRIM
414
a
died in Cannes, France, Dec. 5, 1889. He was
educated as a lawyer; served in the Civil War
as colonel of the 20th Massachusetts Infantry.
He published (A Memoir of William F. Bart.
lett (1879); Antietam and Fredericksburg,
being Vol. v. of (Campaigns of the Civil War)
(1882).
Palfrey, John Gorham. An American cler-
gyman and author; born in Boston, May 2,
1796; died in Cambridge, Mass. , April 26, 1881.
He graduated at Harvard; was pastor of
Brattle Street Unitarian Church, Boston; pro-
fessor in Harvard, 1830-39: member of the
State Legislature, 1842-43; Secretary of State
of Massachusetts, 1844-48; and member of the
Anti-Slavery Congress at Paris, 1867. He pub-
lished numerous lectures, addresses, and ser-
mons; and wrote (The Relation between Juda-
ism and Christianity) (1854). His enduring
work, however, is (The History of New Eng-
land) (4 vols. , 1858-64). *
Palfrey, Sarah Hammond. ["E. Foxton. ”]
An American novelist and poet, daughter of
John G. ; born in Massachusetts in 1823. She
resides in Cambridge, Mass. Among her po-
etical works are : (Prémices); (The Chapel);
(Agnes Wentworth. She has also published
the stories (Katherine Morne); Hermann, or
Young Knighthood) (1866).
Palgrave, Francis, Sir. An English histo-
rian of Jewish parentage, originally named
Cohen ; born in London, 1788; died July 6, 1861.
Besides numerous contributions to the reviews,
he wrote: (History of England (1831); (Rise
and Progress of the English Commonwealth
(1832); Detached Thoughts on the Polity and
Ecclesiastical History of the Middle Ages';
(History of Normandy and England) (4 vols. ,
1851-64); Merchant and Friar) (1837), an im-
aginary history of Marco Polo and Friar Bacon.
Palgrave, Francis Turner. An English poet
and art critic, son of Sir Francis; born Sept.
28, 1824. From 1885 to 1895 he was a professor
at Oxford. His books are: (Idylls and Songs
(1854); the famous anthology (The Golden
Treasury' of English poetry (1861); Essays on
Art) (1866); (Hymns) (1868); “Lyrical Poems)
(1871); (The Visions of England (1881); ( The
Life of Jesus Christ Illustrated from the Italian
Painters of the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries)
(1885); Amenophis and Other Poems) (1892).
A second (Golden Treasury' was published in
1897.
Palgrave, Reginald F. D. , Sir. An English
writer on history and parliamentary law, son
of Sir Francis; born at London, June 28, 1829.
He wrote: “The Chairman's Handbook (11th
ed. 1895); (The House of Commons); (Oliver
Cromwell, the Protector: an Appreciation Based
on Contemporary Evidence) (1890), in which
he presents the antidote to Thomas Carlyle's
(Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell. ”
Palgrave, William Gifford. An English
traveler, son of Sir Francis ; born in London,
Jan. 24, 1826; died at Montevideo, Sept. 30, 1888.
His chief writings are: Narrative of a Year's
Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia)
(2 vols. , 1862-63); (Essays on Eastern Questions)
(1872); Herrmann Agha,' a story (1872);
(Dutch Guiana) (1876); Ulysses : Scenes and
Studies in Many Lands (1887); a posthumous
poem, "A Vision of Life: Semblance and Re-
ality' (1891). *
Palissot de Montenoy, Charles (pä-le-so'
dė mônt-nwä'). A French poet; born at
Nancy, Jan. 3, 1730; died at Paris, June 15, 1814.
At 14 he took the degree of Bachelor of The-
ology, but gave up the ecclesiastical career for
literature, and was appointed director of the
Mazarin Library. With his first tragedies he
had little success; otherwise with his comedies
(The Guardians) and “The Barber of Bagdad. '
His satiric piece (The Coterie) (Le Cercie), at-
tacking Rousseau, brought down upon him the
enmity of the encyclopedists, who paid him
back with "Little Letters on Great Philoso-
phers) (1757), and the comedy (The Philoso-
phers) (1760). He lived on pacific terms with
Voltaire, and even dedicated to him his "Dun-
ciad, or War of the Blockheads) (1764).
Palissy, Bernard (pä-le-sē). A great artistic
potter and glass-painter; born at La Chapelle,
Biron, in the province of Périgord, 1510; died
about 1590, in the Bastille, where he was impris-
oned on the charge of heresy. His writings
are : Veritable Receipt whereby all Men in
France can Learn to Multiply and Enlarge
their Treasures, etc. (1564); (Admirable Dis-
courses on the Nature of Waters and Fount-
ains) (1580).
Pallavicino, Sforza, Cardinal (pä-lä-vēſche-
no). An Italian church historian; born at
Rome, Nov. 28, 1607 ; died June 4, 1667. He
became a member of the Company of Jesus
in 1638 ; was raised to the cardinalate in 1659.
His principal work, History of the Council of
Trent,' written in Italian, was first published
(2 vols. , folio) in 1656-57; the second edition
(1666) had many changes. The work was
written to counteract Sarpi's history of the same
council.
Palleske, Emil (pä-lesk'é). A German elo.
cutionist and author; born at Tempelburg, in
Pomerania, Jan. 5, 1823; died at Thal, near
Eisenach, Oct. 28, 1880. He gave dramatic
readings, especially of Shakespeare's plays,
throughout Germany. He wrote Life and
Work of Schiller) (2 vols. , 1858–59); (Char-
lotte von Kalb: in Memoriam) (1880).
Palma y Romay, Ramón (päl'mä ē ro'mā).
A Cuban dramatist and poet; born in Havana,
in January 1812; died there, January 1860. His
first poems were published in 1830. The drama
"La Vuelta del Cruzado, performed in 1837,
met great success. Volumes of his poems have
appeared with the titles: (Aves de Paso) (1841);
Hojas Caidas) (1843); and Melodias Poéticas)
(1846).
Palmeirim, Luiz Augusto (päl-mi'rēm). A
Portuguese poet; born at Lisbon, Aug. 9, 1825;
)
## p. 415 (#431) ############################################
PALMER - PANSY
415
(
died there, Dec. 4, 1893.
His first collection
of lyric verse, Poesies) (1851), reached a 5th
edition in his lifetime, and won for him the
title “the Béranger of Portugal. Among his
patriotic poems, 'Exiled' is the one best known.
His lyrics have been published as Popular
Songs. He wrote also some comedies in verse;
a 'Gallery of Portuguese Portraits) (1878); and
(The Eccentrics of my Time) (1891).
Palmer, Edward Henry. An English Ori-
entalist; born at Cambridge, Aug. 7, 1840; died
in Egypt, 1882. He wrote Arabic and Persian
grammars ; made a metrical translation of the
(Poetical Works of Beha-ed-din Zoheir of Egypt)
(1876); translated the Koran) (1880); wrote a
(Life of Haroun Alraschid' (1881); and a series
of papers on (Arab Humour. )
Palmer, John Williamson. An American
physician and miscellaneous writer; born in
Baltimore, Md. , April 4, 1825; died in New York
city, 1896. In 1870 he settled in New York;
subsequently was connected with the staff of
the Century Dictionary. Among his writings
are : (The Golden Dagon; or, Up and Down
the Irrawaddi) (1853); “The New and the Old;
or, California and India in Romantic Aspects)
(1859); (After his Kind, by John Coventry,' a
novel (1886); and (Stonewall Jackson's Way,
which was one of the most popular ballads of
the Civil War.
Palmer, Joseph. An English miscellaneous
writer; born 1756; died at Eastbourne in Sus-
sex, Sept. 4, 1815. He wrote: “A Fortnight's
Ramble to the Lakes,' etc. (1782); (Half-Pay,'
a narrative poem; (The Lancashire Collier
Girl) (1795); (Siege of Gibraltar) (1795), a
poem ; “Windermere (1798), a poem.
Palmer, Julius Auboineau. An American
author; born in Massachusetts in 1840. Among
his works are: (One Voyage and its Conse-
quences) (1889); About Mushrooms) (1894);
Memories of Hawaii? (1894); (Again in Ha-
waii) (1895).
Palmer, Mary. An English writer, niece of
Sir Joshua Reynolds; born at Plympton Earl's
in Devonshire, Feb. 9, 1716; died at Great Tor-
rington, May 27, 1794. She wrote (A Devon-
shire Dialogue, the best piece of literature in
the Devon dialect.
Palmer, Ray. An American clergyman and
hymn-writer; born at Little Compton, R. I. ,
Nov. 12, 1808; died at Newark, N. J. , March
29, 1887. He was pastor of Congregational
churches in Bath, Me. , and Albany, N. Y. , and
secretary of the Congregational Union, 1866-
78. His best-known hymn is (My Faith Looks
Up to Thee, which has been translated into
twenty languages. He has published : “Spirit-
ual Improvement) (1839); Hymns and Sacred
Pieces) (1865); (Hymns of my Holy Hours)
(1866).
Palmer, William. An English theologian
and archæologist; born at Mixbury in Oxford-
shire, July 12, 1811 ; died at Rome, April 4, 1879.
4
He was a clergyman of the Established Church,
but seceded to Rome in 1855. He was a volu-
minous writer. Among his works are: (Short
Poems and Hymns) (1843); (Remarks on the
Turkish Question) (1858); Introduction to
Early Christian Symbolism (1859); Egyptian
Chronicles (1861); (Commentary on the Book
of Daniel (1874).
Palmer, William Pitt. An American poet;
born in Stockbridge, Mass. , Feb. 22, 1805; died
in Brooklyn, N. Y. , May 2, 1884. He wrote
many poems, some of which became famous;
among them are the (Ode to Light) and Or-
pheus and Eurydice. )
Palmotta, Giunio (päl-mot'ta). A Dalma-
tian poet; born at Ragusa, 1606; died 1657.
Among his works are: (The Christiad; or, Life
of Jesus Christ, in 24 cantos (1670); some
dramas, as (Atalanta, (Edipus, (The Rape
of Helen); and the poem (Glorious History of
the Slav Kings of Dalmatia. '
Paltock, Robert. An English story-writer;
born at London, about 1697; died there, March
20, 1767. He is known to fame only through
his story (Peter Wilkins, a Cornishman' (1750).
Paludan-Müller, Frederik (päl'ö-dän-
mėl'ler). A Danish poet; born at Kjerteminde
in the island of Fuynen, Feb. 7, 1809; died at
Copenhagen, Dec. 28, 1876. He wrote: (Love
at Court) (1832), a romantic drama; the spirited
Byronesque poem(The Dancers) (1833); “Cupid
and Psyche) (1834); (Trochees and lambics)
(1837); Poems) (2 vols. , 1836–38); the dra-
matic poems (Venus) (1841), (Tithon (1844);
the great satirical poem (The Man Adam)
(3 vols. , 1841-49), his masterpiece; (Aeronauts
and Atheists) (1853), a versified defense of
Christianity; Death of Abel); (Ahasuerus);
(Benedict of Nursia' (1854-62). His chief prose
writings are (The Fountain of Youth (1865),
and “Story of Ivar Lykke) (3 vols. , 1866–73).
One of his latest poems is Adonis,' in which
he returns to mythological themes. *
Panaleff, Vladimir Ivanovich (pä-ni'yef).
A Russian story-writer and poet; born in the
government of Kazan, 1792; died at St. Peters-
burg, 1854. He wrote Panegyrics) of the poet
Derzhavin (1817) and the Emperor Alexander I.
(1820); 'Idylls) (1820); Miscellaneous Poems);
(Stories. '
Panard, François (pän-är'). A noted French
lyric poet; born at Courville near Chartres,
about 1694; died at Paris, June 13, 1765. He
wrote a series of admirable songs, besides
vaudevilles and comic operas. He lived on
the bounty of his friends, repaying them with
his verses.
Panini (pä'nē-nē). A celebrated Indian phi-
lologist of the fourth century B. C. There is
extant a philological work written by him, con-
sisting of eight books of Sanskrit grammati.
cal rules: it was published at Calcutta (2 vols. ,
1809).
Panormita. See Beccadelli.
Pansy. See Alden.
## p. 416 (#432) ############################################
416
PANTENIUS - PARK
(
Pantenius, Theodor Hermann (pän-te'nē-us).
A German novelist; born at Mitau in Cour-
land, Oct. 10, 1843. Under the pseudonym of
( Theodor Hermann” he wrote: (Wilhelm
Wolfschild) (2d ed. 1873); Alone and Free )
(1875); Ruddy Gold' (1881); "Stories from
Courland (1892).
Paparrhigopoulos, Constantine (pä''pä-rē-
gop'ö-los). A modern Greek historian; born
at Constantinople in 1815; died at Athens,
April 26, 1891. His father was a rich banker
of Constantinople, who was put to death dur-
ing the Greek Revolution of 1821. The son,
having escaped to Russia, was educated at
Odessa at the expense of the Czar Alexander,
and in 1854 became professor of history at the
University of Athens. His principal work, (A
History of the Greek People' (5 vols. , 1862–77),
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
Papillon, Marc de (pä-pe-yôn'), known as
«Captain Lasphrise. A French poet; born at
Amboise, 1555; died about 1005. In 1590 he
published a volume of stanzas, songs, elegies,
epigrams, satires, epitaphs, etc.
His verses
are graceful and enlivened with wit, but many
of them are licentious. Toward the end of
his life he composed poems on religious sub-
jects; e. g. , a versified rendering of the “Can-
ticle of the Three Children in the Fiery Fur-
nace, the Magnificat,' the Lord's Prayer, etc.
Pardo-Bazán, Emilia (pär-do-ba-zan'). A
Spanish story-teller; born at Coruña, 1852.
Most noteworthy among her writings are : (Pas-
cual Lopez) (1888); (Mother Nature) (2 vols. ,
1888); Morriña, a Love Story) (1889); (The
Palpitating Question (4th ed. 1891). She com-
menced the publication of the monthly New
Critical Theatre in 1890. *
Pardoe, Julia. An English historical and
miscellaneous writer; born at Beverly, York-
shire, 1806; died in London, Nov. 26, 1862. She
was a most voluminous writer, among her works
being : (Traditions of Portugal) (1833); (City
of the Sultan,' etc. (1837); Louis XIV. and
the Court of France) (1847); (The Jealous
Wife) (1847–58); (The Court and Reign of
Francis I. (1849); (Marie de' Medici? (1852);
( Episodes of French History, during the Con-
sulate,' etc. (1859); (A Life Struggle) (1859).
Pardon, George Frederick. An English
miscellaneous writer; born at London, 1824;
died 1884. He wrote many handbooks of games,
sports, and pastimes ; several stories, as Faces
in the Fire) (1856); ' Tales from the Operas)
(1858); ( Boldheart the Warrior) (1859); Noble
by Heritage (1877); “Stories About Animals);
Stories About Birds); (Illustrious Women who
have Distinguished Themselves for Virtue, Piety,
and Benevolence) (1868).
Parini, Giuseppe (pä -re' nē). An Italian
lyric and satiric poet; born in the village of
Bosisio in the Milanese, May 22, 1729; died at
Milan, Aug. 15, 1799. His chief work is a so-
cial satire in four parts, called Morning,
Noon, (Evening,' and (Night,' afterward col-
lected and named Day' ('Works, 6 vols. ,
1801-4. ) *
Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin (pä-rēs'). A
distinguished French Romance philologist; born
at Avenay, Aug. 9, 1839. He is professor of
the French language and literature at the Col-
lège de France, and has done much to arouse
interest in the study of Romance philology.
(A Poetical History of Charlemagne) (1866),
(Poetry of the Middle Ages) (1885), and
(French Mediæval Literature) (1888), are his
most important publications. He is a member
of German, Austrian, and Italian academies,
and an officer of the Legion of Honor.
Paris, Matthew. A celebrated mediæval
chronicler ; his birthplace and date of birth
are unknown; he died about 1259. He be-
came a novice in the Benedictine monastery
of St. Albans, England, in 1217; was received
into the order, and was employed in many
weighty affairs of church and State. His prin-
cipal work is his (Greater History,' or Larger
Chronicles) of events down to 1259. Among
his other writings is the 'Lives of Twenty-three
Abbots of St. Albans.
Parisius, Ludolf (pär-é'se-us). A German
publicist; born at Gardelegen, Oct. 15, 1827.
Besides several political pamphlets, he wrote:
Commentary on the Imperial Law against
Associations) (1876); (German Political Parties,
and the Ministry of Bismarck) (1877); the nov.
els (Duty and Obligation (1873), “Weary of
Freedom (1873), In the Woods and on the
Heath); (German Popular Songs); Pictures
from Ancient Brandenburg) (2 vols. , 1882-84).
Park, Andrew. A Scotch poet; born at Ren.
frew, March 7, 1807; died at Glasgow, Dec. 27,
1863. After an Oriental tour he published
(Egypt and the East) (1856). His poems are:
(The Vision of Mankind”; (The Bridegroom
and the Bride) (1834); (Silent Love, a grace-
ſul poem (1843); Veritas) (1849), a poem of
an autobiographical character.
Park, John. A Scotch poet ; born at Green-
ock, Jan. 14, 1804; died at St. Andrews, April
8, 1865. He wrote many songs which have
become popular favorites, among them (O gin
I were where Gadie rins,' and (The Miller's
Daughter. His songs were not published till
after his death ; then also was published a
volume of his "Lectures and Sermons) (1865).
Park, Mungo. A celebrated Scottish traveler;
born at Fowlshiels, Sept. 10, 1771; died in
equatorial Africa in 1806. He was sent to
Africa under the auspices of the African Asso-
ciation, and explored the Gambia and upper
Niger, publishing on his return the well-known
(Travels in the Interior of Africa) (1799). On
his second expedition, which was equipped by
the British government, he descended the Niger
some 1500 miles; and after losing the majority
of his men from fever, was treacherously mur-
dered by natives.
:
## p. 417 (#433) ############################################
PARK-PARR
417
Park, Roswell. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Lebanon, Conn. , 1807; died in
Chicago, Ill. , 1869. He published : “Selections
of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems) (1836);
(Sketch of the History of West Point) (1840);
(Pantology, or Systematic Survey of Human
Knowledge) (1841); and (Jerusalem, and Other
Poems) (1857).
Parker, Edwin Pond. An American clergy.
man, hymn-writer, and author; born at Castine,
Me. , 1836. He has been pastor of the South
Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn. , since
1860. He is the author of several hymns, and
has published among other works Book of
Praise) and (The Ministry of Beauty. )
Parker, Gilbert. A Canadian novelist, now
living in New York; born in Ontario, 1861.
Among his works are: Pierre and his Peo-
ple); (Tales of the Far North); (An Ad-
venturer of the North); (A Romany of the
Snows); (A Lover's Diary) (1894); (The Trail
of the Sword (1894); "When Valmond Came to
Pontiac); (The Seats of the Mighty); (The
Pomp of the Lavillettes); 'The Trespasser. *
Parker, John Henry. An English archæ-
ologist; born in London in 1806; died in 1884.
He superintended many excavations in Rome,
and was the author of (The Archäology of
Rome) (3 vols. , 1874-84), an important work
on the walls, aqueducts, tombs, etc. , of the
Eternal City. His other publications are: a
(Glossary of Architecture (1836), an important
aid to the revival of Gothic art; (Introduction
to the Study of Gothic Architecture (1849).
Parker, Martin. A noted English balladist;
the dates of his birth and death are unknown,
but he died probably in 1656. Among his bal-
lads are: (When the King Enjoyes his Own
Again'; (The King and a Poore Northerne
Man'; (Sailors for my Money); John and
Joan; or, A Mad Couple Well Met.
Parker, Theodore. A distinguished Ameri-
can preacher and reformer; born at Lexing-
ton, Mass. , Aug. 24, 1810; died at Florence,
May 10, 1860. He was pastor of a Unitarian
church in Roxbury (1836-43), meanwhile con-
tributing to the Dial essays and reviews in
which he gave expression to theological opin-
ions of extreme heterodoxy. His Discourse
on Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842), a
volume of lectures delivered by him in Boston,
made him famous, and he finally left Rox-
bury and preached regularly in that city. He
also lectured in the chief cities of the Union.
He published (Theism, Atheism, and the Pop-
ular Theology) (1853), and a volume of “Ten
Sermons on Religion (1852). *
Parkhurst, Charles Henry. An American
clergyman and reformer; born at Framingham,
Mass. , April 17, 1842. He graduated at Am-
herst College in 1866, and studied theology in
Germany.
fessor of geology and zoology in Brown Uni-
versity. His works include: A Guide to the
Study of Insects' (1869); Half-Hours with In-
sects) (1875); Life Histories) (1876); “Zoology)
(1879).
Packard, Frederick Adolphus. An Ameri-
can lawyer, editor, and author; born in Massa-
chusetts in 1794; died in 1867. He was editor
of the publications of the American Sunday-
School Union for nearly forty years. Among
his important works are: (The Union Bible
Dictionary) (1837); (The Teacher Taught)
(1839); "Life of Robert Owen (1866).
Pacuvius, Marcus (pa-kū'vē-us). A Roman
tragic poet; born at Brundisium about 219 B. C. ;
died about 129 B. C. His plays are nearly all
founded on Greek subjects connected with the
Trojan war: except fragments preserved in the
writings of Cicero and in the Attic Nights)
of Gellius, they are all lost. Among these
fragments is one in which the poet is seen to
have been a rather bold free-thinker, consider-
ing the age in which he lived : « They who un-
derstand the notes of birds » (i. e. , augurs, ha-
ruspices, etc. ), “and derive their wisdom more
from examining the livers of other creatures
than from their own (wit), I think should be
rather heard than heeded. )
Paddock, Mrs. Cornelia. An American
writer of fiction. Her works are : In the Toils)
(1879); “The Fate of Madame la Tour: A Tale
of Great Salt Lake) (1881).
Padilla, Pedro de (pä-de'lyä). A Spanish
poet; born at Linares; died about 1595. He
was a friend of Cervantes, and a notable im-
provisator. He renounced the world in his
old age and became a Carmelite friar (1585).
His works consist of lyric and bucolic poems,
satires, spiritual songs, and metrical romances:
some of them, especially the eclogues, are
among the best of their time. His poems were
published under the titles: (Treasury of Vari-
ous Poems) (1575); Pastoral Eclogues) (1581);
(Romances) (1583); (Spiritual Garden (1585);
(Grandeurs and Excellencies of the Virgin Our
Lady) (1587).
Page, Thomas Nelson. An American writer
of fiction; born in Oakland, Va. , April 23, 1853.
He was educated at Washington and Lee
University, and practiced law at Richmond, Va.
His first story, Marse Chan) (1887), attracted
immediate attention and was widely read. He
has written: 'Two Little Confederates) (1888);
On New-Found River) (1891); Elsket and
Other Stories) (1891); (The Old South' (1892);
(Pastime Stories) (1894); (Unc' Edinburgh
(1895); “Social Life in Old Virginia' (1897). *
Pages, François Xavier (päzh). A French
littérateur; born at Aurillac, 1745; died 1802.
His works, besides many novels, include "His.
torical Tableaux of the French Revolution (4
vols. , 1791-1804).
Paget, Francis Edward. An English story.
writer; born May 24, 1806; died Aug. 4, 1882.
His most important work is a compilation of
(Some Records of the Ashstead Estate (1873).
His stories deal with church and social reform ;
among them are: (Caleb Kniverton, the In-
cendiary) (1833); (Milford Malvoisin; or, Pews
and Pewholders) (1842); “The Curate of Cum-
berworth and the Vicar of Roost' (1859).
Paget, Violet. (“Vernon Lee. ”] An Eng.
lish story-teller and miscellaneous writer; born
at Château St. -Leonard in Normandy. She is
author of several works on the history of art
and of culture, among them "Studies of the 18th
)
## p. 413 (#429) ############################################
PAILLERON - PALFREY
413
Century in Italy) (1880); (Belcaro : Essays on
Sundry Æsthetical Questions) (1881); (Eupho.
rion: Studies of the Antique and the Mediæval
in the Renaissance) (2 vols. , 2d ed. 1885); “Re-
naissance Fancies and Studies) (1895). Among
her stories are : "Ottilie (1883); (Miss Brown)
(1884).
Pailleron, Édouard J. : H. (pä-yer-on'). A
French dramatic writer; born at Paris, Sept. 17,
1834. He is author of the one-act comedy (The
Parasite) (1860); "The Parasites,' a volume of
satiric poems; the comedies Last Quarters,'
the last stage of a wedding tour (1863); (The
Second Movement' (1865); (The World where
One is Amused) (1868); (The World of Bore-
dom (1881); “The Mouse) (1887); (The Stroll-
ing Players. He wrote three volumes of poems;
viz. , Loves and Hatreds) (1869), (Prayer for
France) (1871), (The Doll) (1884); and (Aca-
demic Discourses) (1886). *
Pain, Marie Joseph (pan). A French dram-
atist; born at Paris, 1773; died there, 1830.
Beginning with (Saint-Far, or Love's Dainti-
ness,' in the initial crisis of the Revolution (1792),
he followed it with a long series of vaude-
villes and comedies, some of which had great
success; among them : (A Flat to Let) (1799);
(The Connoisseur) (1800); (The Duke's Por-
trait) (1805); Love and Mystery; or, Which Is
my Cousin ? ) (1807); (The Dreamers Awak-
ened) (1813); “The Ghost) (1816).
Paine, Robert Treat, Jr. An American
poet; born in Taunton, Mass. , Dec. 9, 1773;
died in Boston, Nov. 13, 1811. During the
greater part of his erratic career he was engaged
in various literary pursuits, although he was at
one time in business, and later practiced law
for a brief period. He will be best remembered
as the author of two songs, (Rise, Columbia,'
and (Adams and Liberty. Among his poems
are: (The Invention of Letters) (1795), and
( The Ruling Passion) (1797).
Paine, Thomas. A celebrated American
publicist; born at Thetford in Norfolkshire,
England, Jan. 29, 1737; died at New Rochelle,
N. Y. , June 8, 1809. He wrote (Common-Sense )
(1776); (The Rights of Man) (2 vols. , 1790);
* The Age of Reason) (1793); Decline and
Fall of the English System of Finance) (1896 :
it had 14 editions in that year). *
Painter, William. An English writer and
compiler of stories after the manner of Boc-
caccio ; born about 1540; died about 1594. His
most famous book is ( The Palace of Pleasure)
(2 vols. , 1566–67), consisting of stories taken
from the Heptameron, from Bandello, and
other Italian story-tellers.
Palacky, Frantisek (pä-lats-kē'). A Czech
historian; born at Hodoslavitz in Moravia, June
14, 1798; died at Prague, May 26, 1876. He
was appointed State historian of Bohemia in
1839. He wrote a History of Bohemia) down
to the year 1526 (1836-67); Beginnings of Bo-
hemian Poetry) (1818); Estimate of the An-
cient Bohemian Historians) (1830); Literary
Travels in Italy in the Year 1837, in Search of
Documents for Bohemian and Moravian His-
tory) (1838); (The Earliest Monuments of the
Bohemian Language) (1840); (History of Huss-
itism (1868); Documents Illustrating the Life,
the Cause, and the Teaching of Master John
Huss) (1869).
Palaprat, Jean Sieur de Bigot (pä-lä-prä).
A French dramatist; born at Toulouse, 1650;
died at Paris, 1721. He is best known for cert-
ain lively comedies written by him in collabora-
tion with the Abbé Brueys; chief among these
are: (The Mute); (The Grumbler) (1681);
(The Ridiculous Concert (1689); “The Secret
Revealed! ( 1690 ). Independently he wrote:
(Quid pro Quo); (Hercules and Omphale);
( The Prude.
Palearius, Aonius, or Antonio della Paglia
(pä-le-är'ē-us). An Italian polemic writer;
born at Veroli in the Pontifical States; died at
Rome, 1570. He wrote several theological dis-
sertations, and a notable Disputation against
the Roman Pontiffs and their Adherents); his
best work is a poem (On the Immortality of the
Soul' (1531), one of the finest specimens of
Latin poetry written in the 16th century.
Paley, Frederick Apthorp. An English
scholar and writer on architecture, grandson
of William. He graduated in 1838 at Cam-
bridge, became a Roman Catholic in 1846, and
professor of classical literature in University
College from 1874. He edited many Greek and
Latin texts, and published a Manual of Gothic
Architecture (1846), and other writings on
similar subjects.
Paley, William. A distinguished English
theological writer; born at Peterborough, 1743 ;
died May 25, 1805. He was appointed arch-
deacon of Carlisle, 1782; prebendary of St.
Paul's, London, 1794; dean of Lincoln, 1795.
His principal writings are : (Principles of Moral
and Political Philosophy) (1785); Horæ Pau-
linæ; or, The Truth of the Scripture History
of St. Paul Evinced, etc. (1791); View of
the Evidences of Christianity) (1794), his
most celebrated work; (Natural Theology; or,
Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of
the Deity Collected from the Appearances of
Nature) (1802), in some respects the most re-
markable of all his writings.
Palffy, Albert (päl'fē). A Hungarian novel-
ist and publicist; born at Gyula, 1823. In the
year of revolutions, 1848, he started a daily
journal, The Fifteenth of March, which had a
powerful influence in inciting the Hungarian
people to insurrection. He was incarcerated
for several months after the suppression of the
rebellion, and then resumed his labors as a
novelist. His principal stories are: (The Hun.
garian Millionaire) (1845); (The Black Book)
(1846); (Stories Left Behind by a Refugee!
(1850); Mother and Countess) (1886); Last
Years of Old. Hungary) (1890).
Palfrey, Francis Winthrop. An American
historical writer; born in Boston, April 11, 1831 ;
## p. 414 (#430) ############################################
PALFREY - PALMEIRIM
414
a
died in Cannes, France, Dec. 5, 1889. He was
educated as a lawyer; served in the Civil War
as colonel of the 20th Massachusetts Infantry.
He published (A Memoir of William F. Bart.
lett (1879); Antietam and Fredericksburg,
being Vol. v. of (Campaigns of the Civil War)
(1882).
Palfrey, John Gorham. An American cler-
gyman and author; born in Boston, May 2,
1796; died in Cambridge, Mass. , April 26, 1881.
He graduated at Harvard; was pastor of
Brattle Street Unitarian Church, Boston; pro-
fessor in Harvard, 1830-39: member of the
State Legislature, 1842-43; Secretary of State
of Massachusetts, 1844-48; and member of the
Anti-Slavery Congress at Paris, 1867. He pub-
lished numerous lectures, addresses, and ser-
mons; and wrote (The Relation between Juda-
ism and Christianity) (1854). His enduring
work, however, is (The History of New Eng-
land) (4 vols. , 1858-64). *
Palfrey, Sarah Hammond. ["E. Foxton. ”]
An American novelist and poet, daughter of
John G. ; born in Massachusetts in 1823. She
resides in Cambridge, Mass. Among her po-
etical works are : (Prémices); (The Chapel);
(Agnes Wentworth. She has also published
the stories (Katherine Morne); Hermann, or
Young Knighthood) (1866).
Palgrave, Francis, Sir. An English histo-
rian of Jewish parentage, originally named
Cohen ; born in London, 1788; died July 6, 1861.
Besides numerous contributions to the reviews,
he wrote: (History of England (1831); (Rise
and Progress of the English Commonwealth
(1832); Detached Thoughts on the Polity and
Ecclesiastical History of the Middle Ages';
(History of Normandy and England) (4 vols. ,
1851-64); Merchant and Friar) (1837), an im-
aginary history of Marco Polo and Friar Bacon.
Palgrave, Francis Turner. An English poet
and art critic, son of Sir Francis; born Sept.
28, 1824. From 1885 to 1895 he was a professor
at Oxford. His books are: (Idylls and Songs
(1854); the famous anthology (The Golden
Treasury' of English poetry (1861); Essays on
Art) (1866); (Hymns) (1868); “Lyrical Poems)
(1871); (The Visions of England (1881); ( The
Life of Jesus Christ Illustrated from the Italian
Painters of the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries)
(1885); Amenophis and Other Poems) (1892).
A second (Golden Treasury' was published in
1897.
Palgrave, Reginald F. D. , Sir. An English
writer on history and parliamentary law, son
of Sir Francis; born at London, June 28, 1829.
He wrote: “The Chairman's Handbook (11th
ed. 1895); (The House of Commons); (Oliver
Cromwell, the Protector: an Appreciation Based
on Contemporary Evidence) (1890), in which
he presents the antidote to Thomas Carlyle's
(Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell. ”
Palgrave, William Gifford. An English
traveler, son of Sir Francis ; born in London,
Jan. 24, 1826; died at Montevideo, Sept. 30, 1888.
His chief writings are: Narrative of a Year's
Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia)
(2 vols. , 1862-63); (Essays on Eastern Questions)
(1872); Herrmann Agha,' a story (1872);
(Dutch Guiana) (1876); Ulysses : Scenes and
Studies in Many Lands (1887); a posthumous
poem, "A Vision of Life: Semblance and Re-
ality' (1891). *
Palissot de Montenoy, Charles (pä-le-so'
dė mônt-nwä'). A French poet; born at
Nancy, Jan. 3, 1730; died at Paris, June 15, 1814.
At 14 he took the degree of Bachelor of The-
ology, but gave up the ecclesiastical career for
literature, and was appointed director of the
Mazarin Library. With his first tragedies he
had little success; otherwise with his comedies
(The Guardians) and “The Barber of Bagdad. '
His satiric piece (The Coterie) (Le Cercie), at-
tacking Rousseau, brought down upon him the
enmity of the encyclopedists, who paid him
back with "Little Letters on Great Philoso-
phers) (1757), and the comedy (The Philoso-
phers) (1760). He lived on pacific terms with
Voltaire, and even dedicated to him his "Dun-
ciad, or War of the Blockheads) (1764).
Palissy, Bernard (pä-le-sē). A great artistic
potter and glass-painter; born at La Chapelle,
Biron, in the province of Périgord, 1510; died
about 1590, in the Bastille, where he was impris-
oned on the charge of heresy. His writings
are : Veritable Receipt whereby all Men in
France can Learn to Multiply and Enlarge
their Treasures, etc. (1564); (Admirable Dis-
courses on the Nature of Waters and Fount-
ains) (1580).
Pallavicino, Sforza, Cardinal (pä-lä-vēſche-
no). An Italian church historian; born at
Rome, Nov. 28, 1607 ; died June 4, 1667. He
became a member of the Company of Jesus
in 1638 ; was raised to the cardinalate in 1659.
His principal work, History of the Council of
Trent,' written in Italian, was first published
(2 vols. , folio) in 1656-57; the second edition
(1666) had many changes. The work was
written to counteract Sarpi's history of the same
council.
Palleske, Emil (pä-lesk'é). A German elo.
cutionist and author; born at Tempelburg, in
Pomerania, Jan. 5, 1823; died at Thal, near
Eisenach, Oct. 28, 1880. He gave dramatic
readings, especially of Shakespeare's plays,
throughout Germany. He wrote Life and
Work of Schiller) (2 vols. , 1858–59); (Char-
lotte von Kalb: in Memoriam) (1880).
Palma y Romay, Ramón (päl'mä ē ro'mā).
A Cuban dramatist and poet; born in Havana,
in January 1812; died there, January 1860. His
first poems were published in 1830. The drama
"La Vuelta del Cruzado, performed in 1837,
met great success. Volumes of his poems have
appeared with the titles: (Aves de Paso) (1841);
Hojas Caidas) (1843); and Melodias Poéticas)
(1846).
Palmeirim, Luiz Augusto (päl-mi'rēm). A
Portuguese poet; born at Lisbon, Aug. 9, 1825;
)
## p. 415 (#431) ############################################
PALMER - PANSY
415
(
died there, Dec. 4, 1893.
His first collection
of lyric verse, Poesies) (1851), reached a 5th
edition in his lifetime, and won for him the
title “the Béranger of Portugal. Among his
patriotic poems, 'Exiled' is the one best known.
His lyrics have been published as Popular
Songs. He wrote also some comedies in verse;
a 'Gallery of Portuguese Portraits) (1878); and
(The Eccentrics of my Time) (1891).
Palmer, Edward Henry. An English Ori-
entalist; born at Cambridge, Aug. 7, 1840; died
in Egypt, 1882. He wrote Arabic and Persian
grammars ; made a metrical translation of the
(Poetical Works of Beha-ed-din Zoheir of Egypt)
(1876); translated the Koran) (1880); wrote a
(Life of Haroun Alraschid' (1881); and a series
of papers on (Arab Humour. )
Palmer, John Williamson. An American
physician and miscellaneous writer; born in
Baltimore, Md. , April 4, 1825; died in New York
city, 1896. In 1870 he settled in New York;
subsequently was connected with the staff of
the Century Dictionary. Among his writings
are : (The Golden Dagon; or, Up and Down
the Irrawaddi) (1853); “The New and the Old;
or, California and India in Romantic Aspects)
(1859); (After his Kind, by John Coventry,' a
novel (1886); and (Stonewall Jackson's Way,
which was one of the most popular ballads of
the Civil War.
Palmer, Joseph. An English miscellaneous
writer; born 1756; died at Eastbourne in Sus-
sex, Sept. 4, 1815. He wrote: “A Fortnight's
Ramble to the Lakes,' etc. (1782); (Half-Pay,'
a narrative poem; (The Lancashire Collier
Girl) (1795); (Siege of Gibraltar) (1795), a
poem ; “Windermere (1798), a poem.
Palmer, Julius Auboineau. An American
author; born in Massachusetts in 1840. Among
his works are: (One Voyage and its Conse-
quences) (1889); About Mushrooms) (1894);
Memories of Hawaii? (1894); (Again in Ha-
waii) (1895).
Palmer, Mary. An English writer, niece of
Sir Joshua Reynolds; born at Plympton Earl's
in Devonshire, Feb. 9, 1716; died at Great Tor-
rington, May 27, 1794. She wrote (A Devon-
shire Dialogue, the best piece of literature in
the Devon dialect.
Palmer, Ray. An American clergyman and
hymn-writer; born at Little Compton, R. I. ,
Nov. 12, 1808; died at Newark, N. J. , March
29, 1887. He was pastor of Congregational
churches in Bath, Me. , and Albany, N. Y. , and
secretary of the Congregational Union, 1866-
78. His best-known hymn is (My Faith Looks
Up to Thee, which has been translated into
twenty languages. He has published : “Spirit-
ual Improvement) (1839); Hymns and Sacred
Pieces) (1865); (Hymns of my Holy Hours)
(1866).
Palmer, William. An English theologian
and archæologist; born at Mixbury in Oxford-
shire, July 12, 1811 ; died at Rome, April 4, 1879.
4
He was a clergyman of the Established Church,
but seceded to Rome in 1855. He was a volu-
minous writer. Among his works are: (Short
Poems and Hymns) (1843); (Remarks on the
Turkish Question) (1858); Introduction to
Early Christian Symbolism (1859); Egyptian
Chronicles (1861); (Commentary on the Book
of Daniel (1874).
Palmer, William Pitt. An American poet;
born in Stockbridge, Mass. , Feb. 22, 1805; died
in Brooklyn, N. Y. , May 2, 1884. He wrote
many poems, some of which became famous;
among them are the (Ode to Light) and Or-
pheus and Eurydice. )
Palmotta, Giunio (päl-mot'ta). A Dalma-
tian poet; born at Ragusa, 1606; died 1657.
Among his works are: (The Christiad; or, Life
of Jesus Christ, in 24 cantos (1670); some
dramas, as (Atalanta, (Edipus, (The Rape
of Helen); and the poem (Glorious History of
the Slav Kings of Dalmatia. '
Paltock, Robert. An English story-writer;
born at London, about 1697; died there, March
20, 1767. He is known to fame only through
his story (Peter Wilkins, a Cornishman' (1750).
Paludan-Müller, Frederik (päl'ö-dän-
mėl'ler). A Danish poet; born at Kjerteminde
in the island of Fuynen, Feb. 7, 1809; died at
Copenhagen, Dec. 28, 1876. He wrote: (Love
at Court) (1832), a romantic drama; the spirited
Byronesque poem(The Dancers) (1833); “Cupid
and Psyche) (1834); (Trochees and lambics)
(1837); Poems) (2 vols. , 1836–38); the dra-
matic poems (Venus) (1841), (Tithon (1844);
the great satirical poem (The Man Adam)
(3 vols. , 1841-49), his masterpiece; (Aeronauts
and Atheists) (1853), a versified defense of
Christianity; Death of Abel); (Ahasuerus);
(Benedict of Nursia' (1854-62). His chief prose
writings are (The Fountain of Youth (1865),
and “Story of Ivar Lykke) (3 vols. , 1866–73).
One of his latest poems is Adonis,' in which
he returns to mythological themes. *
Panaleff, Vladimir Ivanovich (pä-ni'yef).
A Russian story-writer and poet; born in the
government of Kazan, 1792; died at St. Peters-
burg, 1854. He wrote Panegyrics) of the poet
Derzhavin (1817) and the Emperor Alexander I.
(1820); 'Idylls) (1820); Miscellaneous Poems);
(Stories. '
Panard, François (pän-är'). A noted French
lyric poet; born at Courville near Chartres,
about 1694; died at Paris, June 13, 1765. He
wrote a series of admirable songs, besides
vaudevilles and comic operas. He lived on
the bounty of his friends, repaying them with
his verses.
Panini (pä'nē-nē). A celebrated Indian phi-
lologist of the fourth century B. C. There is
extant a philological work written by him, con-
sisting of eight books of Sanskrit grammati.
cal rules: it was published at Calcutta (2 vols. ,
1809).
Panormita. See Beccadelli.
Pansy. See Alden.
## p. 416 (#432) ############################################
416
PANTENIUS - PARK
(
Pantenius, Theodor Hermann (pän-te'nē-us).
A German novelist; born at Mitau in Cour-
land, Oct. 10, 1843. Under the pseudonym of
( Theodor Hermann” he wrote: (Wilhelm
Wolfschild) (2d ed. 1873); Alone and Free )
(1875); Ruddy Gold' (1881); "Stories from
Courland (1892).
Paparrhigopoulos, Constantine (pä''pä-rē-
gop'ö-los). A modern Greek historian; born
at Constantinople in 1815; died at Athens,
April 26, 1891. His father was a rich banker
of Constantinople, who was put to death dur-
ing the Greek Revolution of 1821. The son,
having escaped to Russia, was educated at
Odessa at the expense of the Czar Alexander,
and in 1854 became professor of history at the
University of Athens. His principal work, (A
History of the Greek People' (5 vols. , 1862–77),
was translated into French in an abridged form
as a History of Hellenic Civilization (1878).
Papillon, Marc de (pä-pe-yôn'), known as
«Captain Lasphrise. A French poet; born at
Amboise, 1555; died about 1005. In 1590 he
published a volume of stanzas, songs, elegies,
epigrams, satires, epitaphs, etc.
His verses
are graceful and enlivened with wit, but many
of them are licentious. Toward the end of
his life he composed poems on religious sub-
jects; e. g. , a versified rendering of the “Can-
ticle of the Three Children in the Fiery Fur-
nace, the Magnificat,' the Lord's Prayer, etc.
Pardo-Bazán, Emilia (pär-do-ba-zan'). A
Spanish story-teller; born at Coruña, 1852.
Most noteworthy among her writings are : (Pas-
cual Lopez) (1888); (Mother Nature) (2 vols. ,
1888); Morriña, a Love Story) (1889); (The
Palpitating Question (4th ed. 1891). She com-
menced the publication of the monthly New
Critical Theatre in 1890. *
Pardoe, Julia. An English historical and
miscellaneous writer; born at Beverly, York-
shire, 1806; died in London, Nov. 26, 1862. She
was a most voluminous writer, among her works
being : (Traditions of Portugal) (1833); (City
of the Sultan,' etc. (1837); Louis XIV. and
the Court of France) (1847); (The Jealous
Wife) (1847–58); (The Court and Reign of
Francis I. (1849); (Marie de' Medici? (1852);
( Episodes of French History, during the Con-
sulate,' etc. (1859); (A Life Struggle) (1859).
Pardon, George Frederick. An English
miscellaneous writer; born at London, 1824;
died 1884. He wrote many handbooks of games,
sports, and pastimes ; several stories, as Faces
in the Fire) (1856); ' Tales from the Operas)
(1858); ( Boldheart the Warrior) (1859); Noble
by Heritage (1877); “Stories About Animals);
Stories About Birds); (Illustrious Women who
have Distinguished Themselves for Virtue, Piety,
and Benevolence) (1868).
Parini, Giuseppe (pä -re' nē). An Italian
lyric and satiric poet; born in the village of
Bosisio in the Milanese, May 22, 1729; died at
Milan, Aug. 15, 1799. His chief work is a so-
cial satire in four parts, called Morning,
Noon, (Evening,' and (Night,' afterward col-
lected and named Day' ('Works, 6 vols. ,
1801-4. ) *
Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin (pä-rēs'). A
distinguished French Romance philologist; born
at Avenay, Aug. 9, 1839. He is professor of
the French language and literature at the Col-
lège de France, and has done much to arouse
interest in the study of Romance philology.
(A Poetical History of Charlemagne) (1866),
(Poetry of the Middle Ages) (1885), and
(French Mediæval Literature) (1888), are his
most important publications. He is a member
of German, Austrian, and Italian academies,
and an officer of the Legion of Honor.
Paris, Matthew. A celebrated mediæval
chronicler ; his birthplace and date of birth
are unknown; he died about 1259. He be-
came a novice in the Benedictine monastery
of St. Albans, England, in 1217; was received
into the order, and was employed in many
weighty affairs of church and State. His prin-
cipal work is his (Greater History,' or Larger
Chronicles) of events down to 1259. Among
his other writings is the 'Lives of Twenty-three
Abbots of St. Albans.
Parisius, Ludolf (pär-é'se-us). A German
publicist; born at Gardelegen, Oct. 15, 1827.
Besides several political pamphlets, he wrote:
Commentary on the Imperial Law against
Associations) (1876); (German Political Parties,
and the Ministry of Bismarck) (1877); the nov.
els (Duty and Obligation (1873), “Weary of
Freedom (1873), In the Woods and on the
Heath); (German Popular Songs); Pictures
from Ancient Brandenburg) (2 vols. , 1882-84).
Park, Andrew. A Scotch poet; born at Ren.
frew, March 7, 1807; died at Glasgow, Dec. 27,
1863. After an Oriental tour he published
(Egypt and the East) (1856). His poems are:
(The Vision of Mankind”; (The Bridegroom
and the Bride) (1834); (Silent Love, a grace-
ſul poem (1843); Veritas) (1849), a poem of
an autobiographical character.
Park, John. A Scotch poet ; born at Green-
ock, Jan. 14, 1804; died at St. Andrews, April
8, 1865. He wrote many songs which have
become popular favorites, among them (O gin
I were where Gadie rins,' and (The Miller's
Daughter. His songs were not published till
after his death ; then also was published a
volume of his "Lectures and Sermons) (1865).
Park, Mungo. A celebrated Scottish traveler;
born at Fowlshiels, Sept. 10, 1771; died in
equatorial Africa in 1806. He was sent to
Africa under the auspices of the African Asso-
ciation, and explored the Gambia and upper
Niger, publishing on his return the well-known
(Travels in the Interior of Africa) (1799). On
his second expedition, which was equipped by
the British government, he descended the Niger
some 1500 miles; and after losing the majority
of his men from fever, was treacherously mur-
dered by natives.
:
## p. 417 (#433) ############################################
PARK-PARR
417
Park, Roswell. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Lebanon, Conn. , 1807; died in
Chicago, Ill. , 1869. He published : “Selections
of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems) (1836);
(Sketch of the History of West Point) (1840);
(Pantology, or Systematic Survey of Human
Knowledge) (1841); and (Jerusalem, and Other
Poems) (1857).
Parker, Edwin Pond. An American clergy.
man, hymn-writer, and author; born at Castine,
Me. , 1836. He has been pastor of the South
Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn. , since
1860. He is the author of several hymns, and
has published among other works Book of
Praise) and (The Ministry of Beauty. )
Parker, Gilbert. A Canadian novelist, now
living in New York; born in Ontario, 1861.
Among his works are: Pierre and his Peo-
ple); (Tales of the Far North); (An Ad-
venturer of the North); (A Romany of the
Snows); (A Lover's Diary) (1894); (The Trail
of the Sword (1894); "When Valmond Came to
Pontiac); (The Seats of the Mighty); (The
Pomp of the Lavillettes); 'The Trespasser. *
Parker, John Henry. An English archæ-
ologist; born in London in 1806; died in 1884.
He superintended many excavations in Rome,
and was the author of (The Archäology of
Rome) (3 vols. , 1874-84), an important work
on the walls, aqueducts, tombs, etc. , of the
Eternal City. His other publications are: a
(Glossary of Architecture (1836), an important
aid to the revival of Gothic art; (Introduction
to the Study of Gothic Architecture (1849).
Parker, Martin. A noted English balladist;
the dates of his birth and death are unknown,
but he died probably in 1656. Among his bal-
lads are: (When the King Enjoyes his Own
Again'; (The King and a Poore Northerne
Man'; (Sailors for my Money); John and
Joan; or, A Mad Couple Well Met.
Parker, Theodore. A distinguished Ameri-
can preacher and reformer; born at Lexing-
ton, Mass. , Aug. 24, 1810; died at Florence,
May 10, 1860. He was pastor of a Unitarian
church in Roxbury (1836-43), meanwhile con-
tributing to the Dial essays and reviews in
which he gave expression to theological opin-
ions of extreme heterodoxy. His Discourse
on Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842), a
volume of lectures delivered by him in Boston,
made him famous, and he finally left Rox-
bury and preached regularly in that city. He
also lectured in the chief cities of the Union.
He published (Theism, Atheism, and the Pop-
ular Theology) (1853), and a volume of “Ten
Sermons on Religion (1852). *
Parkhurst, Charles Henry. An American
clergyman and reformer; born at Framingham,
Mass. , April 17, 1842. He graduated at Am-
herst College in 1866, and studied theology in
Germany.
