An
American
jurist
and author; born in New York city, Oct.
and author; born in New York city, Oct.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
Airy, Md.
, April
30, 1781; died at Arlington House, Fairfax
County, Va. , Oct. 10, 1857. He was the adopted
son of George Washington. He wrote (Recol-
lections of Washington) (1860), and several
plays and orations.
Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson. An American
educator and miscellaneous writer; born in
Holliston, Mass. , Dec. 28, 1831; died in Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 27, 1870. From 1865 until
his death he was professor of modern lan-
guages at Harvard. His contributions ap-
peared in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. War Poems) was published in
1867, and (Stella) in 1868.
Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie (Petit). An American
novelist; born in Virginia, 1836. Her home is
in New York. She has written : (Light and
Darkness ); (Household Mysteries,' a romance
of Southern life; (The Stars of the Crowd. '
Cuvier, Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédé.
ric Dagobert (kü-vyā'). A celebrated French
zoologist; born at Montbéliard, Aug. 23, 1769;
died at Paris, May 13, 1832. His first great
work, fruit of most laborious researches, was
(Lectures on Comparative Anatomy) (5 vols. ,
1801), comprising for the most part only such
points of molluscan anatomy as he himself
had developed. It was the same with all his
works: they are records of most painstaking
labor and study. His grand generalizations
a
i
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128
CUYLER -- DA COSTA
on the facts of nature appear in the Discourse
on the Revolutions of the Earth's Surface and
on the Changes They have Brought About in
the Animal Kingdom. ? His master work is
(The Animal Kingdom) (4 vols. , 1817). *
Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard. A noted Amer.
ican Presbyterian divine and miscellaneous
writer; born at Aurora, N. Y. , Jan. 10, 1822.
Besides numerous contributions to newspa-
pers and other periodicals, he has written.
(Heart Life) (1871); (From the Nile to Nor-
way) (1881); “Stirring the Eagle's Nest' (1890);
etc.
Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien (ser-ä-nö de
berzh-räk'). A French writer of literary ex-
travaganzas (1619-55); born at Paris. He was
a famous duelist, and fought more than a
thousand single combats, most of them pro-
voked by comments on his enormously over-
grown nose. In style and composition he is
without taste or judgment; but he is always
sprightly and fanciful, often witty and ingen-
ious. Boileau noted his “daring burlesque. ”
He wrote: Letters,' amorous or satirical; a
"Comic History of the States and Empire of
the Moon,' and another (Of the Sun,' both
full of metaphysical and satirical passages in
the vein later made famous by Swift, to whom
they are thought to have suggested (Gulliver. )
His one tragedy, (Agrippina,' evinces great
dramatic power; he wrote also a clever comedy,
(The Pedant Laughing-Stock. )
Czajkovski, Michal (chi-kov'skē). A Polish
novelist (1808-76). He entered the Turkish
army in 1851, embraced Mohammedanism and
rose to high rank (Pasha Sadyk); later he
went back to the Ukraine and conformed to
the Russo-Greek religion. He struck a new
and original vein in fiction-writing. The force
and fire of his characterizations are extraor-
dinary. His greatest work is (Verny hora,' a
historical novel of the year 1768, which has
been translated into nearly all the languages
of Europe. Hardly less celebrated is (The
Hetman of the Ukraine. )
Czuczor, Gergely (tsö tsor or cho'chor). A
Hungarian poet and philologist (1800-66). His
two fine hero-ballads, "The Battle of Augs-
burg) (1824) and (The Diet of Arad) (1828),
brought him instant celebrity. He was a Bene-
dictine monk, and the eroticism of the first
collection of his “Poetical Works) (1836)
brought on him stern animadversion from his
superiors. In 1848 he published (Reveil, a
passionate appeal to Hungarian national sen-
timent, and was imprisoned for it.
D
Daae, Ludvig (da'ė). A Norwegian his-
torian; born in Aremark, near Frederikshald,
Dec. 7, 1834. He has paid particular atten-
tion to the annals of his own country; his
best-known works being : Norwegian Village
Legends) (1870–72); «Norway's Saints) (1879);
(The Migrations of the Norsemen to Holland
and England (1880); and others in this field.
(
Dabney, Robert Lewis. An American prose-
writer; born in Louisa County, Va. , March 5,
1820. He is a Presbyterian clergyman, and
since 1883 has filled the chair of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Texas. Dr. Dab-
ney has published: Life of General T. J.
(Stonewall) Jackson (1864); “Sacred Rhetoric)
(1866); (Sensualistic Philosophy) (1878); and
(The Christian Sabbath) (1881). (Collected
Discussions) is one of his recent works.
Dabney, Virginius. An American prose-
writer; born at Elmington, Va. , Feb. 15, 1835.
His publication of (The Story of Don Miff,
as Told by his Friend, John Bouche Whacker,
a Symphony of Life) (1886), reached its fourth
edition in six months. He also published Gold
that Did not Glitter. )
Daboll, Nathan. An American educator
and writer; born about 1750; died in Groton,
Conn. , March 9, 1818. He wrote the (School-
master's Assistant) (1799) and the Practical
Navigator. He is best known for his share
in the universally used New England Al-
manac,' which he began in 1773.
Daboll, Nathan. An American writer; born
in Connecticut, 1782; died 1863. He was son
of the preceding, and compiled the New Eng-
land Almanac) begun by his father. He is
the author of Daboll's New Arithmetic, long
a terror to the American schoolboy.
Dach, Simon (däch). A German lyrist
(1605-59); born at Memel.
His numerous
hymns and songs are found in various collec-
tions, his hymns especially in the Spiritual
Arias) of Heinrich Albert. He wrote several
occasional poems in honor of the Electoral
House of Brandenburg,---(Electoral Branden-
burgian Rose, Eagle, Lion, and Sceptre. He
often followed his native poetic bent, disre-
garding the hard and fast rules of the poetic
schools of his time; and then he was spon-
taneous, natural, and spoke directly to the
popular heart. His "Annie of Tharau,' a Low-
German lay for the wedding of his friend Par-
son Portatius with Anna Neander, became a
popular favorite ; his "Praise of Friendship)
seems to belong to a better age; and his spir-
itual songs, (In Thy Control, O Lord, (Be
Comforted, my Soul, etc. , are hardly surpassed
by any compositions of his day.
Da Costa, Izaak (dä kos'tä). A Dutch poet
and theologian; born at Amsterdam, Jan. 14,
1798; died at Leyden, April 28, 1800. Among
his works are : (Prometheus) (1820); Poems!
(1821–22); (Gala Songs) (1828); and (Hagar)
(1840).
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DACRE-DALL
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Dacre, Barbarina Brand, Lady. An Eng.
lish poet and dramatist; born (Ogle) 1768;
died in London, May 17, 1854. Her singular
gifts and her faculty for poetic imagery are
richly shown in Gonzalvo of Cordova' (1810);
a drama, Pedarias' (1811), a tragedy of ancient
Peruvian civilization; and the five-act master-
piece (Ina'; in addition to which a series of
" Translations from the Italian' are both spirited
and accurate.
Daems, Servaas Domien (dams). A Flem-
ish poet; born at Noorderwyk, about 1838.
His verse is seen at its best in the collection
called (Luit en Fluit' (1884).
Dahl, Konrad Neuman Hjelm (däl). A
Norwegian story-teller; born in the parish of
Drontheim, June 24, 1843. He is author of a
series of stories and novels of Norwegian and
Lapp life, with much insight into nature and
into the heart of the people. Most notable
among them are: “The Finnish Youth (1873);
* The Lion (1874); (Eda Mansika) (1875);
(The Voyager in the Icy Sea' (1878).
Dahl or Dal, Dalj, Vladimir Ivanovitch
(dal). A Russian story-writer and etymologist ;
born in Lugan, Nov. 22, 1801; died in Mos-
cow, Oct. 4, 1872. He wrote many powerful
realistic tales, besides an 'Expository Diction-
ary of High Russian Speech? (1861-68) and a
dictionary of proverbs.
Dahlgren, Fredrik August (dälgren). A
Swedish poet and dramatist; born at Nord-
mark, Aug. 20, 1816. He has written many
dialect songs and ballads, collections of which
were published in three volumes (1876). These
have attained an extraordinary degree of pop-
ularity. Of his dramas many have been very
successful; his 'Vermlandingarne, a musical
drama (1846), had more than 100 consecutive
representations. He has translated a great
many dramas from foreign languages, and has
written a history of the Swedish stage.
Dahlgren, Karl Fredrik. A Swedish poet
and humorist (1791-1844); born at Stensbruk
in East Gothland. He excelled in descriptions
of nature and in the idyllic burlesque. Many
of his songs and ballads have a permanent
place in the treasury of Swedish popular song,
For years he published a Muses’ Almanac, con-
taining his stories and comic sketches. His
novel (Nahum Fredrik Bergström's Chronicle )
(1831 ) is a work of distinguished merit.
Dahlgren, Madeleine Vinton. An Ameri-
can prose-writer and poet, wife of the late Ad.
miral Dahlgren; born in Gallipolis, O. , about
1835. Her works include: Idealities) (1859);
"South Sea Sketches) (1881); (Etiquette of
Social Life in Washington (1881); (Memoirs
of John A. Dahlgren' (1882); (The Lost Name);
and Lights and Shadows of a Life) (1886).
For her Spanish translation of Donoso Cortes's
(Catholicism, Liberalism, and Socialism,' she
received the thanks of Pius IX.
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph (däl'män).
A German historian and publicist; born in
Wismar, May 13, 1785; died in Bonn, Dec. 5,
1860. His attainments and popularity gave
him great influence in Hanoverian politics, but
he lost his professorship at Göttingen because
or his liberal opinions, and after many vicissi-
tudes devoted himself to historical writing.
His History of the English Revolution (1844)
and History of the French Revolution' (1845)
are magnificent studies; but it is in the (His-
tory of Denmark (1840-43) that his powers are
most brilliantly displayed.
Dahn, Felix (dän). A distinguished German
poet, novelist, and historian; born at Ham-
burg, Feb. 9, 1834. He was professor of juris-
prudence successively in the universities of
Munich, Würtzburg, Königsberg, and Breslau.
Among his historical works is (The Kings of
the Germans,' his masterpiece in this depart-
ment (6 vols. , 1861–71). He is author also of
many tractates on the jurisprudence of the
ancient Germans, and the civil and criminal
law and procedure of modern German States.
He has also written epic and lyric poems re-
markable for strong thought, wide horizon, and
verbal richness. Of the epics may be named
(Harald and Theano) (1856); of the lyrics,
(Ballads and Songs) (1878). He is author also
of several historical novels, uniting profound
scholarship with poetic fancy; foremost among
them (The Struggle for Rome) (1876), with
scene laid in the 6th century. He has written
stories of contemporary life as well; and dra-
mas, as (German Fidelity) and (King Rod-
eric. *
D'Alembert. See Alembert.
Dalin, Olof von (däl'in). A distinguished
Swedish poet and historian, “father of modern
Swedish literature”; born at Vinberga, in Hal-
land, August 1708; died Aug. 12, 1763. He
found Swedish poetry over-austere and melan-
choly; he infused into it a sense of the joy of
existence. He at the same time enriched the
Swedish mother tongue with elements of vocab-
ulary and forms of expression from foreign
languages and literatures, which to some ex-
tent modified the native speech. The influence
of the study of the French classical drama is
seen in his epic poem (Sweden's Liberties
(1742), his drama (Brynhilda) (1738), and his
comedy (The Jealous Man (1738). But in
his numerous songs and ballads he is a Swede,
with a rich fund of humor. His (History of
the Kingdom of Sweden' (4 vols. ), reaching
to the death of Charles IX. , holds an honorable
place in Swedish historical literature. *
Dall, Caroline Wells. An American prose-
writer; born in Boston, Mass. , June 22, 1822.
She has been an industrious literary worker,
and is the author of many books, in which
are included : (Essays and Sketches) (1849);
(Woman's Right to Labor) (1860); Egypt's
Place in History) (1868); Patty Gray's Jour-
ney to the Cotton Islands); and "What We
Really Know about Shakespeare' (1885).
Dall, William Healey. An American nat-
uralist and author; born in Boston, Mass. , Aug.
1
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130
DALLAS-DANA
a
21, 1845; is a member of many of the scien-
tific societies at home and abroad. His scien-
tific articles include about two hundred titles.
Among his published books are : (Alaska and
its Resources) (1870); (The Currents and Tem.
peratures of Bering Sea and the Adjacent
Waters) (1882); and Report on the Mollusca,
Brachypoda, and Pelecypoda) of the Blake
dredging expedition in the West Indies (1886).
He has further published (Pacific Coast Pilot)
and Coast Pilot of Alaska. '
Dallas, Robert Charles. An English poet,
novelist, and dramatist; born in Kingston,
Jamaica, 1754; died in Normandy, France, 1824.
His publications include : “Poems); Lucretia,
a tragedy); (Moral Essays) (1797); Aubrey,'
a novel; and (The Morlands, Tales Illustrat-
ive of the Simple and the Surprising (1805).
He was both friend and adviser of Lord Byron,
and in the last year of his life published Recol.
lections of the Life of Lord Byron from 1808
to the End of 1814.
Dall' Ongaro, Francesco (dal'ong-gär'o).
An Italian poet (1808–73); born at Mansue
in Treviso. He was a priest; being also an ar-
dent patriot, he came into disfavor with the
ecclesiastical and civil authorities at Padua,
and was suspended from priestly functions.
In 1848 he took part in the revolutionary move-
ment, and after its suppression was an exile
till 1859. His voluminous writings, both prose
and verse, are in part literary, in part politi-
cal, but all inspired by liberalism and patriotic
sentiment. His principal works are : Poems)
(2 vols. , 1840); several dramas - one of them,
(Bianca Capello,' written for Ristori; some
comedies; several novels; besides legendary
stories, hymns, and several popular ballads.
Dalrymple, Sir David, Lord Halles. A
Scotch jurist and historian; born in Edinburgh,
Oct. 28, 1726; died Nov. 29, 1792. He was on
the bench for many years. His writings include
(Annals of Scotland, a valuable work, embra-
cing the period from Malcolm Canmore to the
accession of the house of Stuart.
Dalsème, Achille (däl-sām'). A French
journalist, topical writer, and novelist; born in
Nice, Sept. 4, 1840. He connected himself with
various political sheets in the capital, and
wrote: (Claude's Folly) (1884), «The Sins of
Themis) (1889), and other studies of contem-
porary manners; ( The Bazaine Affair' (1873);
and (The Art of War) (1883), a collection of
light sketches.
Daly, Charles Patrick.
An American jurist
and author; born in New York city, Oct. 31,
1816. He had a distinguished judicial career
in his native city, becoming justice of the court
of common pleas in 1844, first judge of the
court in 1857, and chief justice in 1871, retiring
on account of age in 1886. He is now presi-
dent of the American Geographical Society.
His works include: (First Settlement of Jews
in North America'; 'What We Know of Maps
and Map Drawing before Mercator); and simi-
lar investigations.
Daly, (John) Augustin. An American dram-
atist, and proprietor of Daly's Theatre, New
York; born in Plymouth, N. C. , July 20, 1838.
Included in his original plays are: Divorce's
(Pique); Horizon'; Under the Gaslight);
and a story called “Peg Woffington, a Tribute
to the Actress and the Woman.
Dana, Charles Anderson. An eminent
American journalist and man of letters; born
at Hinsdale, N. H. , Aug. 8, 1819; died at
Dosoris, Long Island, Oct. 17, 1897. Studied
at Harvard. In 1842 he was a member of the
Brook Farm Association. His first journalistic
experience was in Boston. From 1847 until
1862 he was managing editor of the New York
Tribune; he was Assistant Secretary of War
in 1863 and until the close of the war. The
New York Sun was reorganized in 1868, from
which year until his death he was its editor.
With George Ripley he edited (The American
Cyclopædia) (1857-63; revised edition was pub-
lished in 1873-76); he also edited (The House-
hold Book of Poetry) (1857), of which many
editions have been printed. His war remi-
niscences are now (1897) being published.
Dana, James Dwight. An American scien-
tist and writer; born in New York, 1813; died
1895. His researches into geology made him
famous, and his professorship at Yale proved
epoch-making in the history of that seat of
learning. He published: (System of Miner-
alogy); (Manual of Mineralogy); (Text-Book
of Geology); “Corals and Coral Islands); (The
Geological Story Briefly Told"; etc.
Dana, Mrs. Mary. See Shindler.
Dana, Richard Henry, the Elder. An
American poet and essayist; born at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Nov. 15, 1787; died Feb. 2, 1879.
His lectures on Shakespeare's characters, de-
livered in the principal cities of the Atlantic
coast (1839-40), awakened a deep public inter-
est. His principal poems are: (The Change
of Home (1824); (The Dying Raven' (1825);
(The Buccaneers) (1827), specially noteworthy
for its magnificent descriptions of the vicissi.
tudes of ocean scenery. To a periodical pub-
lication, The Idle Man (N. Y. , 1821-22), of which
he was editor, he contributed critical papers
and several short stories; among them Paul
Fenton,' and (Edward and Mary. *
Dana, Richard Henry, the Younger. A dis.
tinguished American publicist, son of R. H.
the Elder; born at Cambridge, Mass. , Aug. 1,
1815; died Jan. 6, 1882. Obliged to suspend col-
lege studies because of an affection of the eyes,
he shipped as a seaman on board a whaling
vessel. His observations during the two years
of his life as a common sailor are contained
in his celebrated narrative "Two Years Before
the Mast! (1837). Returning to Boston, he
studied law and was admitted to the bar. In
1841 he published " The Seaman's Friend, often
afterward republished under the title (The Sea-
man's Manual. ? He details his experiences and
observations during a visit to Cuba, in the little
:
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DANA - DARLEY
131
volume (To Cuba and Back) (1859). He edited
Wheaton's Elements of International Law)
(1806), and wrote a series of Letters on Ital-
ian Unity) (1871). *
Dana, Mrs. William Starr. See Parsons,
Mrs. Frances Theodora.
Dancourt (dän-kör), properly Florent Car-
ton. A French playwright and dramatic artist
(1661-1725); born at Fontainebleau. His best
low comedies or farces are : 'The Fashionable
Chevalier); (The Winsome Gardener. He pre-
sents village life with perfect truth, and is mas-
ter of village patois. Voltaire ranks him next
after Molière for low comedy.
Dändliker, Karl (den'dlik-er). A Swiss his-
torian; born in Rorbas, Zürich, May 6, 1849.
Among his works are : (Manual of the History
of the Swiss People (1875), and “Smaller His-
tory of Switzerland) (1889).
Daneo, Giovanni (dän'ā-7). An Italian
dramatist; born at St. Remy in Piedmont, May
16, 1824. He wrote some dramas of very con-
siderable merit: "Suleika'; 'Elisa di Montal-
pino); also novels : (Memoirs of a Gentleman
and (The Castle of Bardespina. His poetical
works consist of two volumes of miscellaneous
(Poems) and (Verses, with (Gotama) and
Rafaello Sanzio Temosfero.
Danforth, Samuel. An American clergyman
of learning and influence. He was born in
Roxbury, Mass. , Dec. 18, 1666, and died in
Taunton, Mass. , Nov. 14, 1727. For a long
period he was pastor of the Congregational
Church at Taunton, Mass. , and during a reli-
gious awakening wrote three famous descript-
ive letters. He published a Eulogy on
Thomas Leonard' (1713); (Essay Concerning
the Singing of Psalms) (1723); and prepared
an Indian dictionary now the property of the
Massachusetts Historical Society,
Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis
de (dän-go'). A French writer of memoirs ;
born in 1638; died in Paris (? ) in 1720. He
was one of the courtiers about Louis XIV. ;
his Memoirs) and Journal,' particularly as re-
gards the period between 1684 and 1720, being
a rich mine from which much history has been
quarried.
Daniel, Samuel. An English poet, historian,
and rhyming chronicler; born near Taunton,
Somersetshire, 1562 ; died near Beckington,
Wiltshire, October 1619. He was conspicuous
at the courts of Elizabeth and James I. , writing
a rhymed History of the Civil Wars between
the Houses of York and Lancaster) (1595),
and a prose History of England” (to Edward
111. : 1613-18). His style as a sonneteer and
lyrist appears in the collection named Delia)
(1592).
Daniels, Mrs. Cora (Linn). An American
novelist ; born in 1852. She resides at Frank-
lin, Mass. , and has written : “Sardia, a Story of
Love); As It Is to Be. )
Daniels, William Haven. An American
prose-writer; born in Franklin, Mass. , May
18, 1836. His literary works are: (That Boy:
Who Shall Have Him ? ) (1878); “The Tem-
perance Reform and its Great Reformers)
(1878); Moody, his Words, Work, and Work-
ers) (1879); and (A Short History of the People
Called Methodist) (1882).
Danilevskij, Grigorij Petrovich (dän-ēl.
ef'ske). A Russian story-teller (1829-90); born
at Danilovka in the government of Charkof.
His stories are either descriptive of ethnograph-
ical peculiarities, and on that account specially
valuable, or they are historical novels. To the
former class belong: (The Refugees); (The
Refugees' Return); Liberty. His principal
historical novels are : (Mirowitsh); (The Burn-
ing of Moscow); 'The Black Year.
Dannelly, Mrs. Elizabeth Otis (Marshall).
An American Southern verse-writer. She was
born in Georgia in 1838. She has written :
(Cactus, or Thorns and Blossoms); “Wayside
Flowers.
Dante Alighieri (dän'te äl-e-gyā're). The
greatest of Italian poets; born in Florence,
1265; died in Ravenna, Sept. 14, 1321. * (See
Charles Eliot Norton's biography, and the bib-
liographical notes following, in the Library. )
Da Ponte, Lorenzo. An Italian dramatist
and author; born in Venice, March 10, 1749;
died in New York, Aug. 17, 1838. He wrote
the libretti for Mozart's operas (Don Giovanni)
and Figaro. He came to America in 1805,
and in 1828 was professor of Italian in Colum-
bia College. He wrote many plays, sonnets,
and translations, and published several works
of instruction in the Italian language; also his
own (Life) (1823); (History of the Florentine
Republic and the Medici? (1833).
D'Arblay, Madame. See Burney.
Dargan, Clara Victoria. (Mrs. Maclean. )
An American poet and prose-writer; born near
Winnsboro, S. C. , about 1840. Her writings in-
clude the poem Forever Thine) (1859), under
the pseudonym of “Claudia," and stories signed
« Esther Chesney » (1860). She was literary
editor of the Edgefield Advertiser (1863); and
is author of Riverlands, a story of life on
the Ashley River.
Darimon, Alfred (där-e-môn'). A French
journalist and writer; born in Lille, Dec. 17,
1819. An aptitude for politics and political
writing occasioned his most telling work with
the pen, especially (The History of Twelve
Years, 1857–69, Notes and Recollections) (1883);
(Through a Revolution (1884); (The Agony
of the Empire) (2d ed. 1891); and others
equally popular.
Darley, Felix Octavius Carr. An American
artist; born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822; died
in Claymont, Del. , March 27, 1888. His illus-
trations of literary masterpieces gave pleasure
to thousands, and made him famous. His best
work comprises his drawings to accompany
the text of Rip Van Winkle); (Sleepy Hol-
low); (Courtship of Miles Standish); “Scarlet
## p. 132 (#148) ############################################
132
DARLEY
DASENT
Letter'; Evangeline); the novels of Cooper,
Dickens, and others, besides many special pict-
ures. His book (Sketches Abroad with Pen
and Pencil' (1868) is well known.
Darley, George. An Irish poet and critic;
born in Dublin, 1795; died near Rome (? ), Nov.
23, 1846. He wrote valuable studies of other
men's work, and was a mathematician of pro-
fundity; in addition to which claims to atten-
tion, he is the author of "Sylvia, or the May
Queen (1827), a fine dramatic poem ; 'Errors
of Extasie and Other Poems); and Nepenthe,
a weird self-revelation in morbid verse.
Darling, Mrs. Flora (Adams). An Ameri-
can novelist; born in New Hampshire in 1840.
Among her works are: Mrs. Darling's Letters)
(1884); (A Wayward Winning Woman; (The
Bourbon Lily); A Social Diplomat); (The
Senator's Daughter. '
Darlington, William. An American scien-
tist, well-known botanist, and author. He was
born in Birmingham, Pa. , April 28, 1782; died
in Westchester, Pa. , April 23, 1863. He was
a soldier in the War of 1812, and a Mem-
ber of Congress from 1815 to 1817 and 1819 to
1823. He published a descriptive catalogue of
plants in Pennsylvania : Flora Cestrica) (1837
and 1853); (Mutual Influence of Habits and
Disease (1804); (Agricultural Botany) (1847);
and in 1853 a genus of pitcher plant found in
California was named in his honor, (Darling-
tonia.
Darmesteter, Agnes Mary Frances (Robin-
son). An English poet; born in Leamington,
1857. She has attained great proficiency in
Greek studies, her verse showing the influence
of Hellenic literature. In 1888 she married
James Darmesteter, the Orientalist. Her writ-
ings include: A Handful of Honeysuckle)
(1878); (An Italian Garden (1886); (Lyrics)
(1891); and (Retrospect) (1893), - volumes of
verse. * See “Robinson” in Library. ?
Darmesteter, James (där-me-ste-tår'). A
distinguished French Orientalist; born at Châ-
teau-Salins, March 28, 1849; died Oct. 19, 1894.
Besides works of strict scholarship on the
Oriental literatures, as (Ormazd and Ahriman);
(Iranian Studies) ; (Origins of Persian Poetry,'
he wrote many essays on miscellaneous sub-
jects. There is an English translation of
some of his Selected Essays. He translated
with Mills the (Zend-Avesta) for the "Sacred
Books of the East) series, published by the
University of Oxford and edited by Max Mül-
ler. *
Daru, Count Pierre Antoine (dä-rü). A
French historian and poet; born in Mont-
pellier, Jan. 12, 1767 ; died on his estate near
Meulan, Sept. 5, 1829. A translation of Horace
into French verse (1800) was greatly admired ;
but his masterpiece is a History of the Re-
public of Venice) (1819), although his (Cléopé-
die, or Theory of Literary Reputations) (1800)
is a poem containing much to recommend it.
D'Arusmont, Madame Frances (da-rüs-món).
(Maiden name Fanny Wright. ) An American
philanthropist and author; born in Dundee,
Scotland, Sept. 6, 1795; died in Cincinnati, (. ,
Dec. 2, 1852. She visited this country sev-
eral times, and in 1825 made an unsuccessful
attempt to establish a settlement for the ele.
vation of the negro at Memphis, Tenn. In
later years she lectured on social, religious,
and political questions. Among her works are :
(Views on Society and Manners in America);
(Altorf,' a tragedy (1819); "Lectures on Free
Inquiry) (1836).
Darwin, Charles Robert. A celebrated Eng.
Tish naturalist and philosopher; born at Shrews-
bury, Feb. 12, 1809; died April 19, 1882. His
life work as a naturalist began in 1831, when
he sailed with Captain Fitzroy in the Beagle
for a surveying expedition round the globe.
From this expedition Darwin returned toward
the end of 1836; in 1839 appeared his Jour-
nal of Researches, afterward revised and pub-
lished under the better known title (A Natur-
alist's Voyage. Several monographs followed
on various points of land and marine zoology;
but not until 1859 did the work appear which
brought to Darwin world-wide and enduring
fame -- (On the Origin of Species by Means
of Natural Selection.
30, 1781; died at Arlington House, Fairfax
County, Va. , Oct. 10, 1857. He was the adopted
son of George Washington. He wrote (Recol-
lections of Washington) (1860), and several
plays and orations.
Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson. An American
educator and miscellaneous writer; born in
Holliston, Mass. , Dec. 28, 1831; died in Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 27, 1870. From 1865 until
his death he was professor of modern lan-
guages at Harvard. His contributions ap-
peared in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. War Poems) was published in
1867, and (Stella) in 1868.
Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie (Petit). An American
novelist; born in Virginia, 1836. Her home is
in New York. She has written : (Light and
Darkness ); (Household Mysteries,' a romance
of Southern life; (The Stars of the Crowd. '
Cuvier, Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédé.
ric Dagobert (kü-vyā'). A celebrated French
zoologist; born at Montbéliard, Aug. 23, 1769;
died at Paris, May 13, 1832. His first great
work, fruit of most laborious researches, was
(Lectures on Comparative Anatomy) (5 vols. ,
1801), comprising for the most part only such
points of molluscan anatomy as he himself
had developed. It was the same with all his
works: they are records of most painstaking
labor and study. His grand generalizations
a
i
## p. 128 (#144) ############################################
128
CUYLER -- DA COSTA
on the facts of nature appear in the Discourse
on the Revolutions of the Earth's Surface and
on the Changes They have Brought About in
the Animal Kingdom. ? His master work is
(The Animal Kingdom) (4 vols. , 1817). *
Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard. A noted Amer.
ican Presbyterian divine and miscellaneous
writer; born at Aurora, N. Y. , Jan. 10, 1822.
Besides numerous contributions to newspa-
pers and other periodicals, he has written.
(Heart Life) (1871); (From the Nile to Nor-
way) (1881); “Stirring the Eagle's Nest' (1890);
etc.
Cyrano de Bergerac, Savinien (ser-ä-nö de
berzh-räk'). A French writer of literary ex-
travaganzas (1619-55); born at Paris. He was
a famous duelist, and fought more than a
thousand single combats, most of them pro-
voked by comments on his enormously over-
grown nose. In style and composition he is
without taste or judgment; but he is always
sprightly and fanciful, often witty and ingen-
ious. Boileau noted his “daring burlesque. ”
He wrote: Letters,' amorous or satirical; a
"Comic History of the States and Empire of
the Moon,' and another (Of the Sun,' both
full of metaphysical and satirical passages in
the vein later made famous by Swift, to whom
they are thought to have suggested (Gulliver. )
His one tragedy, (Agrippina,' evinces great
dramatic power; he wrote also a clever comedy,
(The Pedant Laughing-Stock. )
Czajkovski, Michal (chi-kov'skē). A Polish
novelist (1808-76). He entered the Turkish
army in 1851, embraced Mohammedanism and
rose to high rank (Pasha Sadyk); later he
went back to the Ukraine and conformed to
the Russo-Greek religion. He struck a new
and original vein in fiction-writing. The force
and fire of his characterizations are extraor-
dinary. His greatest work is (Verny hora,' a
historical novel of the year 1768, which has
been translated into nearly all the languages
of Europe. Hardly less celebrated is (The
Hetman of the Ukraine. )
Czuczor, Gergely (tsö tsor or cho'chor). A
Hungarian poet and philologist (1800-66). His
two fine hero-ballads, "The Battle of Augs-
burg) (1824) and (The Diet of Arad) (1828),
brought him instant celebrity. He was a Bene-
dictine monk, and the eroticism of the first
collection of his “Poetical Works) (1836)
brought on him stern animadversion from his
superiors. In 1848 he published (Reveil, a
passionate appeal to Hungarian national sen-
timent, and was imprisoned for it.
D
Daae, Ludvig (da'ė). A Norwegian his-
torian; born in Aremark, near Frederikshald,
Dec. 7, 1834. He has paid particular atten-
tion to the annals of his own country; his
best-known works being : Norwegian Village
Legends) (1870–72); «Norway's Saints) (1879);
(The Migrations of the Norsemen to Holland
and England (1880); and others in this field.
(
Dabney, Robert Lewis. An American prose-
writer; born in Louisa County, Va. , March 5,
1820. He is a Presbyterian clergyman, and
since 1883 has filled the chair of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Texas. Dr. Dab-
ney has published: Life of General T. J.
(Stonewall) Jackson (1864); “Sacred Rhetoric)
(1866); (Sensualistic Philosophy) (1878); and
(The Christian Sabbath) (1881). (Collected
Discussions) is one of his recent works.
Dabney, Virginius. An American prose-
writer; born at Elmington, Va. , Feb. 15, 1835.
His publication of (The Story of Don Miff,
as Told by his Friend, John Bouche Whacker,
a Symphony of Life) (1886), reached its fourth
edition in six months. He also published Gold
that Did not Glitter. )
Daboll, Nathan. An American educator
and writer; born about 1750; died in Groton,
Conn. , March 9, 1818. He wrote the (School-
master's Assistant) (1799) and the Practical
Navigator. He is best known for his share
in the universally used New England Al-
manac,' which he began in 1773.
Daboll, Nathan. An American writer; born
in Connecticut, 1782; died 1863. He was son
of the preceding, and compiled the New Eng-
land Almanac) begun by his father. He is
the author of Daboll's New Arithmetic, long
a terror to the American schoolboy.
Dach, Simon (däch). A German lyrist
(1605-59); born at Memel.
His numerous
hymns and songs are found in various collec-
tions, his hymns especially in the Spiritual
Arias) of Heinrich Albert. He wrote several
occasional poems in honor of the Electoral
House of Brandenburg,---(Electoral Branden-
burgian Rose, Eagle, Lion, and Sceptre. He
often followed his native poetic bent, disre-
garding the hard and fast rules of the poetic
schools of his time; and then he was spon-
taneous, natural, and spoke directly to the
popular heart. His "Annie of Tharau,' a Low-
German lay for the wedding of his friend Par-
son Portatius with Anna Neander, became a
popular favorite ; his "Praise of Friendship)
seems to belong to a better age; and his spir-
itual songs, (In Thy Control, O Lord, (Be
Comforted, my Soul, etc. , are hardly surpassed
by any compositions of his day.
Da Costa, Izaak (dä kos'tä). A Dutch poet
and theologian; born at Amsterdam, Jan. 14,
1798; died at Leyden, April 28, 1800. Among
his works are : (Prometheus) (1820); Poems!
(1821–22); (Gala Songs) (1828); and (Hagar)
(1840).
## p. 129 (#145) ############################################
1
DACRE-DALL
I 29
(
1
Dacre, Barbarina Brand, Lady. An Eng.
lish poet and dramatist; born (Ogle) 1768;
died in London, May 17, 1854. Her singular
gifts and her faculty for poetic imagery are
richly shown in Gonzalvo of Cordova' (1810);
a drama, Pedarias' (1811), a tragedy of ancient
Peruvian civilization; and the five-act master-
piece (Ina'; in addition to which a series of
" Translations from the Italian' are both spirited
and accurate.
Daems, Servaas Domien (dams). A Flem-
ish poet; born at Noorderwyk, about 1838.
His verse is seen at its best in the collection
called (Luit en Fluit' (1884).
Dahl, Konrad Neuman Hjelm (däl). A
Norwegian story-teller; born in the parish of
Drontheim, June 24, 1843. He is author of a
series of stories and novels of Norwegian and
Lapp life, with much insight into nature and
into the heart of the people. Most notable
among them are: “The Finnish Youth (1873);
* The Lion (1874); (Eda Mansika) (1875);
(The Voyager in the Icy Sea' (1878).
Dahl or Dal, Dalj, Vladimir Ivanovitch
(dal). A Russian story-writer and etymologist ;
born in Lugan, Nov. 22, 1801; died in Mos-
cow, Oct. 4, 1872. He wrote many powerful
realistic tales, besides an 'Expository Diction-
ary of High Russian Speech? (1861-68) and a
dictionary of proverbs.
Dahlgren, Fredrik August (dälgren). A
Swedish poet and dramatist; born at Nord-
mark, Aug. 20, 1816. He has written many
dialect songs and ballads, collections of which
were published in three volumes (1876). These
have attained an extraordinary degree of pop-
ularity. Of his dramas many have been very
successful; his 'Vermlandingarne, a musical
drama (1846), had more than 100 consecutive
representations. He has translated a great
many dramas from foreign languages, and has
written a history of the Swedish stage.
Dahlgren, Karl Fredrik. A Swedish poet
and humorist (1791-1844); born at Stensbruk
in East Gothland. He excelled in descriptions
of nature and in the idyllic burlesque. Many
of his songs and ballads have a permanent
place in the treasury of Swedish popular song,
For years he published a Muses’ Almanac, con-
taining his stories and comic sketches. His
novel (Nahum Fredrik Bergström's Chronicle )
(1831 ) is a work of distinguished merit.
Dahlgren, Madeleine Vinton. An Ameri-
can prose-writer and poet, wife of the late Ad.
miral Dahlgren; born in Gallipolis, O. , about
1835. Her works include: Idealities) (1859);
"South Sea Sketches) (1881); (Etiquette of
Social Life in Washington (1881); (Memoirs
of John A. Dahlgren' (1882); (The Lost Name);
and Lights and Shadows of a Life) (1886).
For her Spanish translation of Donoso Cortes's
(Catholicism, Liberalism, and Socialism,' she
received the thanks of Pius IX.
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph (däl'män).
A German historian and publicist; born in
Wismar, May 13, 1785; died in Bonn, Dec. 5,
1860. His attainments and popularity gave
him great influence in Hanoverian politics, but
he lost his professorship at Göttingen because
or his liberal opinions, and after many vicissi-
tudes devoted himself to historical writing.
His History of the English Revolution (1844)
and History of the French Revolution' (1845)
are magnificent studies; but it is in the (His-
tory of Denmark (1840-43) that his powers are
most brilliantly displayed.
Dahn, Felix (dän). A distinguished German
poet, novelist, and historian; born at Ham-
burg, Feb. 9, 1834. He was professor of juris-
prudence successively in the universities of
Munich, Würtzburg, Königsberg, and Breslau.
Among his historical works is (The Kings of
the Germans,' his masterpiece in this depart-
ment (6 vols. , 1861–71). He is author also of
many tractates on the jurisprudence of the
ancient Germans, and the civil and criminal
law and procedure of modern German States.
He has also written epic and lyric poems re-
markable for strong thought, wide horizon, and
verbal richness. Of the epics may be named
(Harald and Theano) (1856); of the lyrics,
(Ballads and Songs) (1878). He is author also
of several historical novels, uniting profound
scholarship with poetic fancy; foremost among
them (The Struggle for Rome) (1876), with
scene laid in the 6th century. He has written
stories of contemporary life as well; and dra-
mas, as (German Fidelity) and (King Rod-
eric. *
D'Alembert. See Alembert.
Dalin, Olof von (däl'in). A distinguished
Swedish poet and historian, “father of modern
Swedish literature”; born at Vinberga, in Hal-
land, August 1708; died Aug. 12, 1763. He
found Swedish poetry over-austere and melan-
choly; he infused into it a sense of the joy of
existence. He at the same time enriched the
Swedish mother tongue with elements of vocab-
ulary and forms of expression from foreign
languages and literatures, which to some ex-
tent modified the native speech. The influence
of the study of the French classical drama is
seen in his epic poem (Sweden's Liberties
(1742), his drama (Brynhilda) (1738), and his
comedy (The Jealous Man (1738). But in
his numerous songs and ballads he is a Swede,
with a rich fund of humor. His (History of
the Kingdom of Sweden' (4 vols. ), reaching
to the death of Charles IX. , holds an honorable
place in Swedish historical literature. *
Dall, Caroline Wells. An American prose-
writer; born in Boston, Mass. , June 22, 1822.
She has been an industrious literary worker,
and is the author of many books, in which
are included : (Essays and Sketches) (1849);
(Woman's Right to Labor) (1860); Egypt's
Place in History) (1868); Patty Gray's Jour-
ney to the Cotton Islands); and "What We
Really Know about Shakespeare' (1885).
Dall, William Healey. An American nat-
uralist and author; born in Boston, Mass. , Aug.
1
1
1
1
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130
DALLAS-DANA
a
21, 1845; is a member of many of the scien-
tific societies at home and abroad. His scien-
tific articles include about two hundred titles.
Among his published books are : (Alaska and
its Resources) (1870); (The Currents and Tem.
peratures of Bering Sea and the Adjacent
Waters) (1882); and Report on the Mollusca,
Brachypoda, and Pelecypoda) of the Blake
dredging expedition in the West Indies (1886).
He has further published (Pacific Coast Pilot)
and Coast Pilot of Alaska. '
Dallas, Robert Charles. An English poet,
novelist, and dramatist; born in Kingston,
Jamaica, 1754; died in Normandy, France, 1824.
His publications include : “Poems); Lucretia,
a tragedy); (Moral Essays) (1797); Aubrey,'
a novel; and (The Morlands, Tales Illustrat-
ive of the Simple and the Surprising (1805).
He was both friend and adviser of Lord Byron,
and in the last year of his life published Recol.
lections of the Life of Lord Byron from 1808
to the End of 1814.
Dall' Ongaro, Francesco (dal'ong-gär'o).
An Italian poet (1808–73); born at Mansue
in Treviso. He was a priest; being also an ar-
dent patriot, he came into disfavor with the
ecclesiastical and civil authorities at Padua,
and was suspended from priestly functions.
In 1848 he took part in the revolutionary move-
ment, and after its suppression was an exile
till 1859. His voluminous writings, both prose
and verse, are in part literary, in part politi-
cal, but all inspired by liberalism and patriotic
sentiment. His principal works are : Poems)
(2 vols. , 1840); several dramas - one of them,
(Bianca Capello,' written for Ristori; some
comedies; several novels; besides legendary
stories, hymns, and several popular ballads.
Dalrymple, Sir David, Lord Halles. A
Scotch jurist and historian; born in Edinburgh,
Oct. 28, 1726; died Nov. 29, 1792. He was on
the bench for many years. His writings include
(Annals of Scotland, a valuable work, embra-
cing the period from Malcolm Canmore to the
accession of the house of Stuart.
Dalsème, Achille (däl-sām'). A French
journalist, topical writer, and novelist; born in
Nice, Sept. 4, 1840. He connected himself with
various political sheets in the capital, and
wrote: (Claude's Folly) (1884), «The Sins of
Themis) (1889), and other studies of contem-
porary manners; ( The Bazaine Affair' (1873);
and (The Art of War) (1883), a collection of
light sketches.
Daly, Charles Patrick.
An American jurist
and author; born in New York city, Oct. 31,
1816. He had a distinguished judicial career
in his native city, becoming justice of the court
of common pleas in 1844, first judge of the
court in 1857, and chief justice in 1871, retiring
on account of age in 1886. He is now presi-
dent of the American Geographical Society.
His works include: (First Settlement of Jews
in North America'; 'What We Know of Maps
and Map Drawing before Mercator); and simi-
lar investigations.
Daly, (John) Augustin. An American dram-
atist, and proprietor of Daly's Theatre, New
York; born in Plymouth, N. C. , July 20, 1838.
Included in his original plays are: Divorce's
(Pique); Horizon'; Under the Gaslight);
and a story called “Peg Woffington, a Tribute
to the Actress and the Woman.
Dana, Charles Anderson. An eminent
American journalist and man of letters; born
at Hinsdale, N. H. , Aug. 8, 1819; died at
Dosoris, Long Island, Oct. 17, 1897. Studied
at Harvard. In 1842 he was a member of the
Brook Farm Association. His first journalistic
experience was in Boston. From 1847 until
1862 he was managing editor of the New York
Tribune; he was Assistant Secretary of War
in 1863 and until the close of the war. The
New York Sun was reorganized in 1868, from
which year until his death he was its editor.
With George Ripley he edited (The American
Cyclopædia) (1857-63; revised edition was pub-
lished in 1873-76); he also edited (The House-
hold Book of Poetry) (1857), of which many
editions have been printed. His war remi-
niscences are now (1897) being published.
Dana, James Dwight. An American scien-
tist and writer; born in New York, 1813; died
1895. His researches into geology made him
famous, and his professorship at Yale proved
epoch-making in the history of that seat of
learning. He published: (System of Miner-
alogy); (Manual of Mineralogy); (Text-Book
of Geology); “Corals and Coral Islands); (The
Geological Story Briefly Told"; etc.
Dana, Mrs. Mary. See Shindler.
Dana, Richard Henry, the Elder. An
American poet and essayist; born at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Nov. 15, 1787; died Feb. 2, 1879.
His lectures on Shakespeare's characters, de-
livered in the principal cities of the Atlantic
coast (1839-40), awakened a deep public inter-
est. His principal poems are: (The Change
of Home (1824); (The Dying Raven' (1825);
(The Buccaneers) (1827), specially noteworthy
for its magnificent descriptions of the vicissi.
tudes of ocean scenery. To a periodical pub-
lication, The Idle Man (N. Y. , 1821-22), of which
he was editor, he contributed critical papers
and several short stories; among them Paul
Fenton,' and (Edward and Mary. *
Dana, Richard Henry, the Younger. A dis.
tinguished American publicist, son of R. H.
the Elder; born at Cambridge, Mass. , Aug. 1,
1815; died Jan. 6, 1882. Obliged to suspend col-
lege studies because of an affection of the eyes,
he shipped as a seaman on board a whaling
vessel. His observations during the two years
of his life as a common sailor are contained
in his celebrated narrative "Two Years Before
the Mast! (1837). Returning to Boston, he
studied law and was admitted to the bar. In
1841 he published " The Seaman's Friend, often
afterward republished under the title (The Sea-
man's Manual. ? He details his experiences and
observations during a visit to Cuba, in the little
:
## p. 131 (#147) ############################################
DANA - DARLEY
131
volume (To Cuba and Back) (1859). He edited
Wheaton's Elements of International Law)
(1806), and wrote a series of Letters on Ital-
ian Unity) (1871). *
Dana, Mrs. William Starr. See Parsons,
Mrs. Frances Theodora.
Dancourt (dän-kör), properly Florent Car-
ton. A French playwright and dramatic artist
(1661-1725); born at Fontainebleau. His best
low comedies or farces are : 'The Fashionable
Chevalier); (The Winsome Gardener. He pre-
sents village life with perfect truth, and is mas-
ter of village patois. Voltaire ranks him next
after Molière for low comedy.
Dändliker, Karl (den'dlik-er). A Swiss his-
torian; born in Rorbas, Zürich, May 6, 1849.
Among his works are : (Manual of the History
of the Swiss People (1875), and “Smaller His-
tory of Switzerland) (1889).
Daneo, Giovanni (dän'ā-7). An Italian
dramatist; born at St. Remy in Piedmont, May
16, 1824. He wrote some dramas of very con-
siderable merit: "Suleika'; 'Elisa di Montal-
pino); also novels : (Memoirs of a Gentleman
and (The Castle of Bardespina. His poetical
works consist of two volumes of miscellaneous
(Poems) and (Verses, with (Gotama) and
Rafaello Sanzio Temosfero.
Danforth, Samuel. An American clergyman
of learning and influence. He was born in
Roxbury, Mass. , Dec. 18, 1666, and died in
Taunton, Mass. , Nov. 14, 1727. For a long
period he was pastor of the Congregational
Church at Taunton, Mass. , and during a reli-
gious awakening wrote three famous descript-
ive letters. He published a Eulogy on
Thomas Leonard' (1713); (Essay Concerning
the Singing of Psalms) (1723); and prepared
an Indian dictionary now the property of the
Massachusetts Historical Society,
Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis
de (dän-go'). A French writer of memoirs ;
born in 1638; died in Paris (? ) in 1720. He
was one of the courtiers about Louis XIV. ;
his Memoirs) and Journal,' particularly as re-
gards the period between 1684 and 1720, being
a rich mine from which much history has been
quarried.
Daniel, Samuel. An English poet, historian,
and rhyming chronicler; born near Taunton,
Somersetshire, 1562 ; died near Beckington,
Wiltshire, October 1619. He was conspicuous
at the courts of Elizabeth and James I. , writing
a rhymed History of the Civil Wars between
the Houses of York and Lancaster) (1595),
and a prose History of England” (to Edward
111. : 1613-18). His style as a sonneteer and
lyrist appears in the collection named Delia)
(1592).
Daniels, Mrs. Cora (Linn). An American
novelist ; born in 1852. She resides at Frank-
lin, Mass. , and has written : “Sardia, a Story of
Love); As It Is to Be. )
Daniels, William Haven. An American
prose-writer; born in Franklin, Mass. , May
18, 1836. His literary works are: (That Boy:
Who Shall Have Him ? ) (1878); “The Tem-
perance Reform and its Great Reformers)
(1878); Moody, his Words, Work, and Work-
ers) (1879); and (A Short History of the People
Called Methodist) (1882).
Danilevskij, Grigorij Petrovich (dän-ēl.
ef'ske). A Russian story-teller (1829-90); born
at Danilovka in the government of Charkof.
His stories are either descriptive of ethnograph-
ical peculiarities, and on that account specially
valuable, or they are historical novels. To the
former class belong: (The Refugees); (The
Refugees' Return); Liberty. His principal
historical novels are : (Mirowitsh); (The Burn-
ing of Moscow); 'The Black Year.
Dannelly, Mrs. Elizabeth Otis (Marshall).
An American Southern verse-writer. She was
born in Georgia in 1838. She has written :
(Cactus, or Thorns and Blossoms); “Wayside
Flowers.
Dante Alighieri (dän'te äl-e-gyā're). The
greatest of Italian poets; born in Florence,
1265; died in Ravenna, Sept. 14, 1321. * (See
Charles Eliot Norton's biography, and the bib-
liographical notes following, in the Library. )
Da Ponte, Lorenzo. An Italian dramatist
and author; born in Venice, March 10, 1749;
died in New York, Aug. 17, 1838. He wrote
the libretti for Mozart's operas (Don Giovanni)
and Figaro. He came to America in 1805,
and in 1828 was professor of Italian in Colum-
bia College. He wrote many plays, sonnets,
and translations, and published several works
of instruction in the Italian language; also his
own (Life) (1823); (History of the Florentine
Republic and the Medici? (1833).
D'Arblay, Madame. See Burney.
Dargan, Clara Victoria. (Mrs. Maclean. )
An American poet and prose-writer; born near
Winnsboro, S. C. , about 1840. Her writings in-
clude the poem Forever Thine) (1859), under
the pseudonym of “Claudia," and stories signed
« Esther Chesney » (1860). She was literary
editor of the Edgefield Advertiser (1863); and
is author of Riverlands, a story of life on
the Ashley River.
Darimon, Alfred (där-e-môn'). A French
journalist and writer; born in Lille, Dec. 17,
1819. An aptitude for politics and political
writing occasioned his most telling work with
the pen, especially (The History of Twelve
Years, 1857–69, Notes and Recollections) (1883);
(Through a Revolution (1884); (The Agony
of the Empire) (2d ed. 1891); and others
equally popular.
Darley, Felix Octavius Carr. An American
artist; born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822; died
in Claymont, Del. , March 27, 1888. His illus-
trations of literary masterpieces gave pleasure
to thousands, and made him famous. His best
work comprises his drawings to accompany
the text of Rip Van Winkle); (Sleepy Hol-
low); (Courtship of Miles Standish); “Scarlet
## p. 132 (#148) ############################################
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DARLEY
DASENT
Letter'; Evangeline); the novels of Cooper,
Dickens, and others, besides many special pict-
ures. His book (Sketches Abroad with Pen
and Pencil' (1868) is well known.
Darley, George. An Irish poet and critic;
born in Dublin, 1795; died near Rome (? ), Nov.
23, 1846. He wrote valuable studies of other
men's work, and was a mathematician of pro-
fundity; in addition to which claims to atten-
tion, he is the author of "Sylvia, or the May
Queen (1827), a fine dramatic poem ; 'Errors
of Extasie and Other Poems); and Nepenthe,
a weird self-revelation in morbid verse.
Darling, Mrs. Flora (Adams). An Ameri-
can novelist; born in New Hampshire in 1840.
Among her works are: Mrs. Darling's Letters)
(1884); (A Wayward Winning Woman; (The
Bourbon Lily); A Social Diplomat); (The
Senator's Daughter. '
Darlington, William. An American scien-
tist, well-known botanist, and author. He was
born in Birmingham, Pa. , April 28, 1782; died
in Westchester, Pa. , April 23, 1863. He was
a soldier in the War of 1812, and a Mem-
ber of Congress from 1815 to 1817 and 1819 to
1823. He published a descriptive catalogue of
plants in Pennsylvania : Flora Cestrica) (1837
and 1853); (Mutual Influence of Habits and
Disease (1804); (Agricultural Botany) (1847);
and in 1853 a genus of pitcher plant found in
California was named in his honor, (Darling-
tonia.
Darmesteter, Agnes Mary Frances (Robin-
son). An English poet; born in Leamington,
1857. She has attained great proficiency in
Greek studies, her verse showing the influence
of Hellenic literature. In 1888 she married
James Darmesteter, the Orientalist. Her writ-
ings include: A Handful of Honeysuckle)
(1878); (An Italian Garden (1886); (Lyrics)
(1891); and (Retrospect) (1893), - volumes of
verse. * See “Robinson” in Library. ?
Darmesteter, James (där-me-ste-tår'). A
distinguished French Orientalist; born at Châ-
teau-Salins, March 28, 1849; died Oct. 19, 1894.
Besides works of strict scholarship on the
Oriental literatures, as (Ormazd and Ahriman);
(Iranian Studies) ; (Origins of Persian Poetry,'
he wrote many essays on miscellaneous sub-
jects. There is an English translation of
some of his Selected Essays. He translated
with Mills the (Zend-Avesta) for the "Sacred
Books of the East) series, published by the
University of Oxford and edited by Max Mül-
ler. *
Daru, Count Pierre Antoine (dä-rü). A
French historian and poet; born in Mont-
pellier, Jan. 12, 1767 ; died on his estate near
Meulan, Sept. 5, 1829. A translation of Horace
into French verse (1800) was greatly admired ;
but his masterpiece is a History of the Re-
public of Venice) (1819), although his (Cléopé-
die, or Theory of Literary Reputations) (1800)
is a poem containing much to recommend it.
D'Arusmont, Madame Frances (da-rüs-món).
(Maiden name Fanny Wright. ) An American
philanthropist and author; born in Dundee,
Scotland, Sept. 6, 1795; died in Cincinnati, (. ,
Dec. 2, 1852. She visited this country sev-
eral times, and in 1825 made an unsuccessful
attempt to establish a settlement for the ele.
vation of the negro at Memphis, Tenn. In
later years she lectured on social, religious,
and political questions. Among her works are :
(Views on Society and Manners in America);
(Altorf,' a tragedy (1819); "Lectures on Free
Inquiry) (1836).
Darwin, Charles Robert. A celebrated Eng.
Tish naturalist and philosopher; born at Shrews-
bury, Feb. 12, 1809; died April 19, 1882. His
life work as a naturalist began in 1831, when
he sailed with Captain Fitzroy in the Beagle
for a surveying expedition round the globe.
From this expedition Darwin returned toward
the end of 1836; in 1839 appeared his Jour-
nal of Researches, afterward revised and pub-
lished under the better known title (A Natur-
alist's Voyage. Several monographs followed
on various points of land and marine zoology;
but not until 1859 did the work appear which
brought to Darwin world-wide and enduring
fame -- (On the Origin of Species by Means
of Natural Selection.
