No More Learning

replied “ intus mulso, foris oleo. ” (Plin. H. N. p. 676, a. ) (Xen. Ilell. v. 4. $$ 60, 61 ; Diod.
xxii. 24. 8. 53. )
xv. 34 ; Polyaen. iii. 11. 17. ) In several MSS.
POʻLLIO, RUBRIUS, the commander of the of the above-mentioned authors, his name is written
praetoriun cohorts in the reign of Claudius, was nódus, but nótnis is the preferable form.
allowed a seat in the senate as often as he accom- POLLIS, an architect, who wrote on the rules
panied the emperor thither. (Dion Cass. lx. 23. ) of the orders of architecture, praecepta symmetria-
POʻLLIO, TREBELLIUS. [TREBELLIUS] (Vitruv. vii. praef. § 14. ) (P. S. )
POʻLLIO, VALE'RIUS, an Alexandrian phi- POLLU’TIA, slain by Nero with her father
losopher, lived in the time of the emperor Ha- L. Vetus. (Tac. Ann. xvi. 10, 11. )
arian, and was the father of the philosopher POLLUX. (Dioscuri. ]
Diodorus. (Suidas, s. v. Ilwíww. ) [DIODORUS, POLLUX, JULIUS ('lovacos ſolvd eúkns), of
literary, No. 2. ]
Naucratis in Egypt, was a Greek sophist ani
PO’LLIO, VE’DIUS, a Roman eques and a grammarian. He received instruction in criticism
friend of Augustus, was by birth a freedman, and from his father, and afterwards went to Athens,
has obtained a place in history on account of his where he studied rhetoric under the sophist
riches and his cruelty. He was accustomed to | Adrian. He opened a private school at Athens,
feed his lampreys with human flesh, and when- where he gave instruction in grammar and rhetoric,
ever a slave displeased hiin, the unfortunate wretch and was subsequently appointed by the emperor
was forth with thrown into the pond as food for Commodus to the chair of rhetoric at Athens. He
the fish. On one occasion Augustus was supping died during the reign of Commodus at the age of
with him, when a slave had the misfortune to fifty-eight, leaving a young son behind him. We
break a crystal goblet, and his master imme may therefore assign a. D. 183 as the year in which
diately ordered him to be thrown to the fishes. he flourished. (Suidas, s. v. Hoavdeókns; Philostr.
The slave fell at the feet of Augustus, praying for Vit. Soph. ii. 12. ) Philostratus praises his critical
mercy; the emperor interceded with his master skill, but speaks unfavourably of his rhetorical
on his behalf, but when he could not prevail upon powers, and implies that be gained his professor's
Pollio to pardon him, he dismissed the slave of his chair from Commodus simply by his mellifluous
own accord, and commanded all Pollio's crystal voice. He seems to have been attacked by many of
goblets to be broken and the fish-pond to be filled his contemporaries on account of the inferior charac-
up. Pollio died B. c. 15, leaving a large part of ter of his oratory, and especially by Lucian in his
his property to Augustus. (Dion Cass. liv. 23 ; / 'Pntópwv 818áoxalos, as was supposed by the an-
Senec. de Ira, iii
. 40, de Clem. i. 18 ; Plin. H. N. cients and has been maintained by many modern
ix. 23. s. 39, 53. s. 78 ; Tac. Ann. i. 10, xii. 60. ) writers (see especially C. F. Ranke, Coinment. de
This Pollio appears to be the same as the one Polluce et Luciuno, Quedlinburg, 1831), though
against whom Augustus wrote fescennine verses. Hemsterhuis, from the natural partiality of an
(Macrob. Sut. ü. 4. )
editor for his author, stoutly denies this supposition,
POʻLLIO, VESPA'SIUS, a native of Nursia, and believes that Lucian intended to satirize
was thrice tribune of the soldiers and likewise a certain Dioscorides. It has also been conjec-
praefect of the camp. His son obtained the dig- tured that Lucian attacks Pollux in his Lexiphanes,
nity of praetor, and his daughter Vespasia Polla and that he alludes to him with contempt in a
became the mother of the emperor Vespasian. passage of the De Sultatione (c. 33, p. 287, ed.
(Suet. Vesp. 1. )
Reitz). Athenodorus, who taught at Athens at
POʻLLIO, VITRA'SIUS. 1. The praefectus the same time as Pollux, was likewise one of his
or governor of Egypt in the reign of Tiberius, detractors. (Philostr. Vit
. Soph. ii. 14. ) We
died a. D. 32. (Dion Cass. lviii. 19. )
know nothing more of the life of Pollux, except
2. Probably the son of the preceding, was the that he was the teacher of the sophist Antipater,
procurator of the emperor in Egypt in the reign of who taught in the reign of Alexander Severus.
Claudius. (Plin. II. N. xxxvi. 7. s. 11. )
(Philostr. Ibid. ii. 24. )
3. The legatus Lugdunensis, in the reign of the Pollux was the author of severa' works, of which


## p. 441 (#457) ############################################

POLLUX.
441
POLYAENUS.
a
It was
Suidas has preserved the titles of the following. by J. H. Lederlin and Tib. Hemstershuis, Am-
1. 'OVOLAOTIKOV Av Bibulous í', an Onomasticon in sterdam, 1706, fol. ; it contains copious notes by
ten books. 2. Alanétels Todanial, Dissertations. Goth. Jungermann, Joach. Kühn, and the two
Merétai, Declamations. 4. Eis Kóuodov Kal editors. This was followed by the edition of W.
capa dribalduios, an oration on the marriage of the Dindorf, Leipzig, 1824, 5 vols. 8vo. , containing
Caesar Commodus. 5. Pwuairds abyos, a panegyric the works of the previous commentators. The
on Rome. 6. ZalTYKTTIS î dywy UOVO IKÓs, a Trumn- | last edition is by Imm. Bekker, Berlin, 1846,
peter, or a musical contest. 7. Kard Swapátous, which gives only the Greek text.
a speech against Socrates.
8. Κατά Σινωπέων, (Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. vi. p. 141 ; Vossius,
against the Sinopians. 9. Havelývos, a speech | De Hist. Graecis, p. 278, ed. Westermann ; Hem-
delivered before the assembled Greeks. 10. 'Ap- sterhuis, Praefatio ad Pollucem ; C. F. Ranke,
KaBuxós, a speech addressed to the Arcadians or in Commentatio de Polluce el Luciuno, Quedlinburg,
praise of the Arcadians.
1831 ; Gräfenhan, Geschichte der Klassichen Phi-
All these works have perished with the excep lologie, vol. iii. p. 166, &c. , Bonn, 1846 ; Clinton,
tion of the Onomasticon, which bas come down to Fusti Romani, sub ann. 176, 183. )
us. The latter is divided into ten books, each of POLLUX, JU'LIUS, a Byzantine writer, is
which contains a short dedication to the Cuesar the author of a chronicon, wlich treats at some
Cominodus, and the work was therefore published | length of the creation of the world, and is therefore
before A. D. 177, since Commodus became Augustus entitled 'lotopía puoih. Like most other By-
in that year. Each book forms a separate teatise zantine histories, it is an universal history, begin-
by itself, containing the most important words ning with the creation of the world and coming
relating to certain subjects, with short explanations down to the time of the writer. The two manu-
of the meanings of the words, which are frequently scripts from which this work is published end with
illustrated by quotations from the ancient writers. the reign of Valens, but the Paris manuscript is
The alphabetical arrangement is not adopted, but said to come down as low as the death of Romanus,
the words are given according to the subjects A. D. 963, and also to contain what is wanting at
treated of in each book. The object of the work the conclusion of the anonymous continuation of
was to present youths with a kind of storc-house, Constantinus Porphyrogenitus. The whole work
from which they could borrow all the words of is made up of extracts from Simeon Logotheta,
which they had need, and could at the same time Theophanes, and the continuation of Constantinus,
learn their usage in the best writers.
The con- and relates chiefly ecclesiastical events.
tents of each book will give the best idea of the first published from a manuscript at Milan by J. B.
nature of the work. l. The first treats of the Bianconi, under the title of Anonymi Scriptoris
gods and their worship, of kings, of speed and Historia Sacra, Bononiae, 1779, fo. Ign. Hardt
slowness, of dyeing, of commerce and manufactures, found the work in a more perfect state, and with
of fertility and the contrary, of time and the divi- the name of the author prefixed to it in a manu-
sions of the year, of houses, of ships, of war, of script at Munich, and, believing that it had not
borses, of agriculture, of the parts of the plough yet been printed, published it at Munich, 1792,
and the waggon, and of bees. 2. The second treats 8vo. , under the title of Julii Pollucis Historia
of man, his eye, the parts of his body and the like. Physica, nunc primum Gr. et Lat. ed. &c. (Fabric.
3. Of relations, of political life, of friends, of the Bill. Graec. vol. vi. p. 144 ; Vossius, De Hist.
love of country, of love, of the relation between Graecis, p. 278, ed. Westermann ; Schöll, Ge-
masters and slaves, of money, of travelling, and schichte der Griechischen Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 257. )
numerous other subjects. 4. Of the various POLUS (IIw. os). 1. A sophist and rhetori-
branches of knowledge and science. 5. Of hunt- cian, a native of Agrigentum. He was a disciple of
ing, animals, &c. 6. Of meals, the names of Gorgias (or, according to other authorities, of Licym-
crimes, &c. 7. Of the different trades, &c. 8. Of nius, Schol. ad Plut. Phaedr. p. 812), and wrote
the courts, the administration of justice, &c. 9. a work on rhetoric, called by Suidas Téxwn, as also
Of towns, buildings, coins, games, &c. 10. Of a genealogy of the Greeks and barbarians who
various vessels, &c. In consequence of the loss of were engaged in the Trojan war, with an account
the great number of lexicographical works from of their several fates ; a catalogue of the ships, and
which Pollux compiled his Onomasticon, this book / a work Nepl nézew. He is introduced by Plato
has become one of the greatest value for acquiring as an interlocutor in the Gorgias. (Suidas, s. v. ;
a knowledge of Greek antiquity, and explains Philostr. Vit. Sophist. i. 13, with the note of Olea-
many subjects which are known to us from no rius ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 801. )
other source. It has also preserved many frag- 2. A Pythagorean, a native of Lucania. A
ments of lost writers, and the great number of fragment from a work by him on Justice is pre-
authors quoted in the work may be seen by a served by Stobaeus. (Serm. 9. )
glance at the long list given in Fabricius. (Bibl. 3. A celebrated tragic actor, the son of Charicles
Graec. vol. vi. p. 145, &c. )
of Sunium, and a disciple of Archias of Thurii. It
The first three editions of the Onomasticon con- | is related of him that at the age of 70, shortly be-
tain simply the Greek text without a Latin fore his death, he acted in eight tragedies on four
translation and with numerous errors : they are successive days. (Plut. Dem. p. 859, An seni yer,
by Aldus, Venice, 1502, fol. , by B. Junta, Flo- sit Resp. 3. p. 785, b; Lucian. Necyom. vol. i. p.
rence, 1520, fol. , by S. Grynaeus, Basel, 1536, 4to. 479, ed. Hemst. )
(C. P. M. ]
The first Greek and Latin edition was by Wolf- POLYAENUS (Tlolvaivos), historical. 1. One
gang Seber, Frankfort, 1608, 4to. , with the text of the leading men at Syracuse, B. c. 214. (Liv.
corrected from manuscripts ; the Latin translation xxiv. 22. )
given in this edition had been previously published 2. Of Cyparissus, was in the company of Philo.
by Walther at Basel, 1541, 8vo. The next edi. poemen, when the latter killed Machanidas in B. C.
tion is the very valuable one in Greek and Latin | 207. (Polyb. xi. 18. & 2. )


## p. 442 (#458) ############################################

442
POLYAENUS.
POLYARATUS,
;
3. An Achaean, belonged to the party of script in the king's library at Paris, containing
Archon, Polybius, and the more moderate patriots, only fifty-five chapters, but which serves to elu
who thought that the Achaeans ought not to op- cidate and explnin many passages of the original.
pose the Romans in their war against Perseus, Polyaenus also wrote several other works, all
B. C. 171. (Polyb. xxviii. 6. $ 9. )
of which have perished. Suidas has preserved tho
4. Claudius POLYAENUS, probably a freed-titles of two, Tepi Onbŵr and Taktika Bubala q';
man of the emperor Claudius, bequeathed a house and Stobaeus makes a quotation from a work of
to this emperor at Prusa (Plin. Ep. x. 23. Polyaenus, TTP Toû Koivoù tô Makedórw
8. 75. )
(Florileg. xliii. (or xli. ) $ 53), and from another
5. Legatus of Bithynia in the time of the entitled 'Toep Toû Luvedpiou (Ibul. 41). Poly-
younger Pliny. (Plin. Ep. vii. 6. $ 6. )
aenus likewise mentions his intention of writing a
POLYAENUS (Donúaivos), literary. 1. Of I work on the memorable actions ('Aflournuoveuta)
ATHENS, an historical writer, mentioned by Euse- of M. Aurelius and L. Verus (Praef. lib. vi. ).
bius. (Chron. i. p. 25. )
Polyaenus was first printed in a Latin trans-
2. Of LAMPSACUs, the son of Athenodorus, a lation, executed by Justus Vulteilis, at Basel,
mathematician and a friend of Epicurus, adopted 1519, 8vo. The first edition of the Greek text
the philosophical system of his friend, and, although was published by Casaubon, Lyon, 1589, 12mo. ;
he had previously acquired great reputation as a the next by Pancratius Maasvicius, Leyden, 1690,
mathematician, he now maintained with Epicurus 8vo. ; the third by Samuel Mursinna, Berlin,
the worthlessness of geometry. (Cic. de Fin. i. 6, 1756, 12mo. ; and the last by Coray, Paris, 1809,
Acad. i. 33 ; Diog. Laërt. x. 24, ii. 105, with 8vo. The work has been translated into English
the note of Menagius. ) It has been supposed that by R. Shepherd, London, 1793, 4to. ; into Ger-
it was against this Polyaenus that the treatise was man by Seybold, Frankfort, 2 vols. 8vo. 1793 and
written, a fragment of which has been discovered 1794, and by Blume, Stuttgart, 1834, 16mo. (Fa-
At llerculaneum under the title of Anuntpiou apds bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. v. p. 321, &c. ; Schöll,
Tas Noavalvou droplas. (Schöll, Geschichte d. Geschichte der Gricch. Litteratur, vol.