circumstances, a sort of
discussion
which can never Florent.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
(Idyll.
ii.
passim ;
(cc. 5, 9, 26. )
Parental. i. 9, &c. ) The maternal grandfather of
4. Auria, the wife of the brother of Oppianicus, our poet, Caecilius Argicius Arborius, being skilled
was killed by the latter. (c. 11. )
in judicial astrology, erected a scheme of the nati-
AURORA. (Eos. ]
vity of young Ausonius, and the horoscope was
AURUNCULEIA GENS, plebeian, of which found to promise high fame and advancement.
Cotta is the only family-name mentioned : for (Parental. iv. 17, &c. ) The prediction was, in all
those who have no cognomen, see AURUNcuLeius, probability, in some degree the cause of its own
None of the members of this gens ever obtained accomplishment. The wbole of his kindred took
the consulship : the first who obtained the praetor- a deep interest in the boy whose career was to
ship was C. Aurunculeius, in B. c. 209.
prove so brilliant. His infant years were sedu-
AURUNCULEIUS. 1. C. AURUNCULEIUS, lously watched by his grandmother, Aemilia Co-
praetor B. c. 209, had the province of Sardinia. rinthia Maura, wife to Caecilius Arborius, and by
(Liv. xxvii. 6, 7. )
his maternal aunts, Aemilia Hilaria and Aemilia
2. C. AURUNCULEius, tribune of the soldiers of Dryadia, the former of whom was a holy woman,
the third legion in B. C. 207. (Liv. xxvii. 41. ). devoted to God and chastity. (Parental. vi. and
3. L. AURUNCULEIUS, praetor urbanus B. c. 190. xxv. ) He received the first rudiments of the Greek
He was one of the ten commissioners sent to ar- and Latin languages from the most distinguished
range the affairs of Asia at the conclusion of the masters of his native town, and his education was
war with Antiochus the Great, b. c. 188. (Liv. completed under the superintendence of Aemilius
xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2, 55. )
Magnus Arborius, his mother's brother, who taught
4. C. AURUNCULEIUS, one of the three Roman rhetoric publicly at Toulouse, and who is named as
ambassadors sent into Asia, B. c. 155, to prevent the author of an elegy still extant, Ad Nympham
Prusias from making war upon Attalus. (Polyb. nimis cultam. (Profess. viii. 12, &c. , x. 16, iii. 1,
xxxiii. 1. )
i. 11 ; Parental. iii. 12, &c. ; Wernsdorf, Poet.
AURÚNCUS, POST. COMI'NIUS, consul Lat. Minores, vol. iii. p. 217. ) Upon his return
B. C. 501, in which year a dictator was first ap- to Bourdeaux he practised for a while at the bar ;
pointed on account of the conspiracy of the Latin but at the age of thirty began to give instructions
states against Rome. (Liv. ii. 18; Dionys. v. 50 ; as a grammarian, and not long after was promoted
Zonar. vii. 13. ) According to some accounts, he is to be professor of rhetoric. The duties of this
said to have dedicated the temple of Saturn, in 497, office were discharged by him for many years, and
in accordance with a decree of the senate. (Dionys. with such high reputation that he was summoned
vi. 1. ) Auruncus was consul again, in 493, and to court in order that he might act as the tutor of
entered upon bis office during the secession of the Gratian, son of the emperor Valentinian. (Praef. ad
plebs, who had occupied the Aventine. He carried Syagr. 15, &c. ) Judging from the honours which
on war successfully against the Volscians, and took were now rapidly showered down upon him, he
several of their towns. It was during this cam- must have acquitted himself in his important charge
paign that C. Marcius first distinguished himself to the entire satisfaction of all concerned.
at Corioli, whence he obtained the surname of Co- ceived the title of count (comes) and the post of
riolanus. (Lir. ii. 33; Dionys. vi. 49, 91, 94 ; Cic. quaestor from Valentinian, after whose death he
de Rep. ii. 33, pro Ball. 23; Plut. Coriol. 8. ) It was was appointed by his pupil praefectus of Latium,
probably on account of Coriolanus having served of Libya, and of Gaul, and at length, in the year
under him that Auruncus is represented as one of 379, was elevated to the consulship, thus verifying
the ambassadors sent to Coriolanus when the lat- to the letter, as Bayle has observed, the apophthegm
ter was marching against Rome. (Diony's. viii. 22. ), of Juvenal :
He re-
## p. 445 (#465) ############################################
AUSONIUS.
445
AUSONIUS.
« Si fortuna volct fies de rhetorc consul. ” to Paullinus (xxiv. ) are by no means deficient in
The letter of Gratian, conferring the dignity, grace and dignity. But even in his happiest
and the grateful reply of Ausonius, arc both extant. efforts we discover a total want of tiste both in
After the death of Gratian he retired from public matter and manner, a disposition to introduce on
life, and ended his days in a country retreat at no all occasions, without judgment, the thoughts and
great distance from his native city (Epist. xxiv. ), language of preceding writers, while no praise
without losing, however, his court favour, for we except that of misapplied ingenuity can be con-
have direct evidence that he was patronised by ceded to the great bulk of his minor effusions,
Theodosius. (Pracfatiuncula, i. )
which are for the most part sad trash. His style
The precise dates of the birth and of the death is frequently harsh, and in latinity and versifica-
of Ausonius are alike unknown. That he was tion he is far inferior to Claudian.
born about the beginning of the fourth century, as His extant works are -
stated above, is evident from the fact, that he 1. Epigrammatum Liber, a collection of 150
speaks of himself as far advanced in years when epigrams. 2. Ephemeris, containing an account of
invested with the consulship (Grat. Act. ), and he the business and proceedings of a day. 3. Parcn-
was certainly alive in 308, since he refers to the talia, a series of short poems addressed to friends
victory of Theodosius over Maximus, and the death and relations on their decease. From these Vinet
of the “ Rutupian robber. ” (Clar. Urb. vii. ) bas extracted a very complete catalogue of the
Judging from the fond terms in which Ausonius kindred of Ausonius, and constructed a genealogi-
speaks of his relations, the kindly feeling which cal tree. 4. Professores, notices of the Professors
appears to have been maintained between himself of Bourdeaux, or of those who being natives of
and several of his pupils, and the warm gratitude Bourdeaux gave instructions elsewhere. 5. Epi-
expressed by him towards his benefactors, we taphia Heroum, epitaphs on the heroes who fell
should be led to conclude that he was gentle, in the Trojan war and a few others. 6. A metri-
warm-hearted, and affectionate ; but it is so very cal catalogue of the first twelve Caesars, the period
easy to be amiable upon paper, that we have per- during which each reigned, and the manner of his
haps no right to form any decided opinion upon death. 7. Tetrasticha, on the Caesars from Julius
his character. His religious faith has been the to Elagabalus. 8. Clarae Urbes, the praises of
subject of keen controversy, but there seems to be fourteen illustrious cities. 9. Ludus Septem Sa-
little difficulty in determining the question. From pientum, the doctrines of the seren sages expounded
his cradle he was surrounded by Christian relatives, by each in his own person. 10. Idyllia, a collec-
he was selected by a Christian emperor to guide tion of twenty poems on different subjects, to
the studies of his Christian son, and he openly several of which dedications in prose are prefixed.
professes Christianity in several of his poems. It The most remarkable are, Epicedion in patrem
is objected - 1. That his friend and quondam dis- Julium Antonium ; Ausonii Villula ; Cupido cruci
ciple, Pontius Paullinus, the famous bishop of affixus ; Mosella ; and the too celebrated Cento
Nola, frequently upbraids him on account of his Nuptialis. 11. Eclogarium, short poems connected
aversion to the pure faith. 2. That several of his with the Calendar and with some matters of do-
pieces are grossly impure. 3. That his works con- mestic computation. 12. Epistolae, twenty-five
tain frequent allusions to Pagan mythology, with letters, some in verse, some in prose, some partly
out any distinct declaration of disbelief. 4. That in verse and partly in prose, addressed to various
he was the intimate friend of Symmachus, who friends. 13. Gratiarum Actio pro Consulatu, in
was notorious for his hostility to Christianity. prose, addressed to the emperor Gratian. 14.
5. That the compositions in which he professes Periochae, short arguments to each book of the
Christianity are spurious. To which arguments we Iliad and Odyssey. 15. Tres Pracfatiunculae, one
may briefly reply, that the first falls to the ground, of them addressed to the emperor Theodosius.
because the assertion, on which it rests, is entirely The Editio Princeps of Ausonius appeared at
false ; that if we admit the validity of the second Venice in folio, without a printer's name, in a ro-
and third, we might demonstrate half the poets lume bearing the date 1472, and containing Pro-
who have lived since the revival of letters to be bae Centones, the eclogues of Calpurnius, in addition
infidels ; that the fourth proves nothing, and that to which some copies have the Epistle on the death
the fifth, the rest being set aside, amounts to a of Drusus and some opuscula of Publius Gregorius
petitio principii, since it is supported by no inde Tifemus. It is extremely scarce. The first edi-
pendent evidence external or internal. His poetical tion, in which Ausonius is found separately, is that
powers have been variously estimated. While edited by J. A. Ferrarius, fol. Mediolan. 1490,
some refuse to allow him any merit whatever, printed by Ulderic Scinzenzeller. The first edi-
others contend that had he lived in the age of tion, in which the whole of the extant works are
Augustus, he would have successfully disputed the collected in a complete form, is that of Tadaeus
palm with the brightest luminaries of that epoch. Ugoletus, printed by his brother Angelus, at
Without stopping to consider what he might have Parma, 4to. 1499. The first edition, which ex-
become under a totally different combination of hibits a tolerable text, is that of Phil. Junta, 8vo.
circumstances, a sort of discussion which can never Florent. 1517; and the best edition is the Vari-
lead any satisfactory result, we may pronounce orum of Tollius, 8vo. Amstel. 1671. (W. R. )
with some confidence, that of all the higher attri- AUSO'NIUS, JULIUS, an eminent physician,
butes of a poet Ausonius possesses not one. Con- who, however, is chiefly known by his being the
siderable neatness of expression may be discerned father of the poet of the same name, from whose
in several of his epigrams, many of which are evi- works almost all the events of his life are to be
dently translations from the Greek ; we have a learned. He was a native of Cossio Vasatum (the
very favourable specimen of his descriptive powers modern Buzas), but removed to Burdigala (Bour-
in the Mosella, perhaps the most pleasing of all deaux). He married Aemilia Aeonia, with whom
bis pieces ; and some of his epistles, especially that he lived thirty-six years, and by whom he had four
## p. 446 (#466) ############################################
446
AUTOLEON.
AUTOLYCUS.
2
children, two sons, Decius Magnus Ausonius and the Opuntian Locrians, whenever they drew up their
Avitianus, and two daughters, Aemilia Melania army in battle array, to leave one place in the lines
and Julia Dryadia. He was appointed praefect open for their national hero Ajax. (AJAX. ) Once
of Illyricum by the emperor Valentinian. (A. D. in a battle between the Locrians and Crotoniats in
364-375. ) He died at the age either of Italy, Autolcon wanted to penetrate into this
eighty-eight (Auson. Parent. i. 4) or ninety (Id. vacant place, hoping thus to conquer the Locrians.
Epiced. v. 61), after having enjoyed perfect health | But the shade of Ajax appeared and inflicted on
both of body and mind. If he at all resembled Autoleon a wound from which he suffered severely.
the description given of him by his son, he | The oracle advised him to conciliate the shade of
must have been a most remarkable man, as al- | Ajax by offering sacrifices to him in the island of
most every intellectual and moral excellence is at- Leuce. This was was done accordingly, and Au-
tributed to him. He wrote some medical works, toleon was cured. While in the island of Leuce,
which are not now extant. (Fabric. Biblioth. Gr. Autoleon also saw Helen, who gave him a commis-
vol. xiii. p. 96, ed. vet. ; Scaliger, Vita Auson. ; sion to Stesichorus. This poet bad censured Helen
Ausonius, Parent. i. and Epiced. ) [W. A. G. ] in one of his poems, and bad become blind in con-
AUTA’RITUS (Avrápitos), the leader of the sequence. Helen now sent him the message, that
Gallic mercenaries in the Carthaginian army in if he would recant, his sight should be restored to
Africa, took an active part in the rebellion against him. Stesichorus composed a poem in praise of
Carthage at the end of the first Punic war. He Helen, and recovered his sight. (Conon, Narra.
at length fell into the power of Hamilcar, and was 18. ) Pausanias (iii. 19. & 11) relates precisely
crucified, B. C. 238. (Polyb. i. 77, 79, 80, 85, 86. ) the same story of one Leonymus. [L. S. ]
AUTE'SION (Aúteoiwv), a son of Tisamenus, AUTO'LYCUS (AŭtóUKOS). 1. A son of
grandson of Thersander, and great-grandson of Hermes or Daedalion by Chione, Philonis, or
Polyneices. He is called the father of Theras and Telauge. (Apollod. i. 9. & 16 ; Hygin. Fal. 201;
Argeia, by the latter of whom Aristodemus became Eustath. ad Hom. p. 804. ) He was the husband
the father of Eurysthenes and Procles. He was a of Neaera (Paus. viii. 4. § 3), or according to
native of Thebes, where he had succeeded his Homer (Od. xix. 394, &c. ), of Amphithea, by
father as king, but at the command of an oracle he whom he became the father of Anticleia, the
went to Peloponnesus and joined the Dorians. mother of Odysseus and Aesimus. He had his
(Apollod. i. 8. 92 ; Paus. iii. 15. § 4, 3. $ 3, ix. residence on mount Parnassus, and was renowned
5. & 8; Herod. iv. 147, vi. 52 ; Strab. viii. p. among men for his cunning and oaths. (Comp.
347. )
(L. S. ] Hygin. l. c. ; Ov. Met. xi. 311. ) Once when he
AUẤTOCLES (AÚtokañs). 1. Son of Tolmaeus, came to Ithaca as a guest, the nurse placed his
was one of the Athenian commanders in the suc- newly-born grandson Odysseus on his knees, and
cessful expedition against Cythera, B. c. 424 (Thuc. he gave the child the name Odysseus. After-
iv. 53); and, together with his two colleagues, wards, when Odysseus was staying with him, he
Nicias and Nicostratus, he ratified, on the part of was wounded by a boar during the chase on Par-
Athens, the truce which in B. c. 423 was concluded nassus, and it was by the scar of this wound that
for one year with Sparta. (Thuc. iv. 119. ) Odysseus was subsequently recognized by his aged
2. Son of Strombichides, was one of the Athe- nurse, when he returned from Troy. (Paus. x. 8.
nian envoys empowered to negotiate peace with $ 4; Ov. Met. xi. 295, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 200. )
Sparta in B. c. 371. (Xen. Hell
. vi. 3. & 2; comp. Polymede, the mother of Jason, was, according to
Diod. xv. 38. ) Xenophon (Hell. vi. 3. $ 7, &c. ) Apollodorus, a daughter of this Autolycus, and the
reports a somewhat injudicious speech of his, which same writer (ii. 4. & 9) not only describes him as
was delivered on this occasion before the congress the teacher of Heracles in the art of wrestling, but
at Sparta, and which by no means confirms the mentions him among the Argonauts ; the latter of
character, ascribed to him in the same passage, of a which statements arose undoubtedly from a con-
skilful orator. It was perhaps this same Autocles fusion of this Autolycus with the Thessalian of the
who, in B. C. 362, was appointed to the command same name. Autolycus is very famous in ancient
in Thrace, and was brought to trial for having story as a successful robber, who had even the
caused, by his inactivity there, the triumph of power of metamorphosing both the stolen goods and
Cotys over the rebel Miltocythes. (Dem. c. Aris himself
. (Hom. N. x. 267; Hygin. Fub. 201;
tocr. p. 655, c. Polycl. p. 1207. ) Aristotle (Rhet. Apollod. ii. 6. § 2; Strab. ix. p. 439; Eustath.
ii. 23. & 12) refers to a passage in a speech of ad Hom. p. 408 ; Serv. ad Aen. ii
. 79. )
Autocles against Mixidemides, as illustrating one 2. A Thessalian, son of Deimachus, who to
of his rhetorical τόποι.
[E. E. ] gether with his brothers Deſleon and Phlogius
AUTO'CRATES (Aŭtokpárns), an Athenian, joined Heracles in his expedition against the
a poet of the old comedy. One of his plays, the Amazons. But after having gone astray the
Tuutaviotai, is mentioned by Suidas and Aelian. two brothers dwelt at Sinope, until they joined
(V. H. xii.
(cc. 5, 9, 26. )
Parental. i. 9, &c. ) The maternal grandfather of
4. Auria, the wife of the brother of Oppianicus, our poet, Caecilius Argicius Arborius, being skilled
was killed by the latter. (c. 11. )
in judicial astrology, erected a scheme of the nati-
AURORA. (Eos. ]
vity of young Ausonius, and the horoscope was
AURUNCULEIA GENS, plebeian, of which found to promise high fame and advancement.
Cotta is the only family-name mentioned : for (Parental. iv. 17, &c. ) The prediction was, in all
those who have no cognomen, see AURUNcuLeius, probability, in some degree the cause of its own
None of the members of this gens ever obtained accomplishment. The wbole of his kindred took
the consulship : the first who obtained the praetor- a deep interest in the boy whose career was to
ship was C. Aurunculeius, in B. c. 209.
prove so brilliant. His infant years were sedu-
AURUNCULEIUS. 1. C. AURUNCULEIUS, lously watched by his grandmother, Aemilia Co-
praetor B. c. 209, had the province of Sardinia. rinthia Maura, wife to Caecilius Arborius, and by
(Liv. xxvii. 6, 7. )
his maternal aunts, Aemilia Hilaria and Aemilia
2. C. AURUNCULEius, tribune of the soldiers of Dryadia, the former of whom was a holy woman,
the third legion in B. C. 207. (Liv. xxvii. 41. ). devoted to God and chastity. (Parental. vi. and
3. L. AURUNCULEIUS, praetor urbanus B. c. 190. xxv. ) He received the first rudiments of the Greek
He was one of the ten commissioners sent to ar- and Latin languages from the most distinguished
range the affairs of Asia at the conclusion of the masters of his native town, and his education was
war with Antiochus the Great, b. c. 188. (Liv. completed under the superintendence of Aemilius
xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2, 55. )
Magnus Arborius, his mother's brother, who taught
4. C. AURUNCULEIUS, one of the three Roman rhetoric publicly at Toulouse, and who is named as
ambassadors sent into Asia, B. c. 155, to prevent the author of an elegy still extant, Ad Nympham
Prusias from making war upon Attalus. (Polyb. nimis cultam. (Profess. viii. 12, &c. , x. 16, iii. 1,
xxxiii. 1. )
i. 11 ; Parental. iii. 12, &c. ; Wernsdorf, Poet.
AURÚNCUS, POST. COMI'NIUS, consul Lat. Minores, vol. iii. p. 217. ) Upon his return
B. C. 501, in which year a dictator was first ap- to Bourdeaux he practised for a while at the bar ;
pointed on account of the conspiracy of the Latin but at the age of thirty began to give instructions
states against Rome. (Liv. ii. 18; Dionys. v. 50 ; as a grammarian, and not long after was promoted
Zonar. vii. 13. ) According to some accounts, he is to be professor of rhetoric. The duties of this
said to have dedicated the temple of Saturn, in 497, office were discharged by him for many years, and
in accordance with a decree of the senate. (Dionys. with such high reputation that he was summoned
vi. 1. ) Auruncus was consul again, in 493, and to court in order that he might act as the tutor of
entered upon bis office during the secession of the Gratian, son of the emperor Valentinian. (Praef. ad
plebs, who had occupied the Aventine. He carried Syagr. 15, &c. ) Judging from the honours which
on war successfully against the Volscians, and took were now rapidly showered down upon him, he
several of their towns. It was during this cam- must have acquitted himself in his important charge
paign that C. Marcius first distinguished himself to the entire satisfaction of all concerned.
at Corioli, whence he obtained the surname of Co- ceived the title of count (comes) and the post of
riolanus. (Lir. ii. 33; Dionys. vi. 49, 91, 94 ; Cic. quaestor from Valentinian, after whose death he
de Rep. ii. 33, pro Ball. 23; Plut. Coriol. 8. ) It was was appointed by his pupil praefectus of Latium,
probably on account of Coriolanus having served of Libya, and of Gaul, and at length, in the year
under him that Auruncus is represented as one of 379, was elevated to the consulship, thus verifying
the ambassadors sent to Coriolanus when the lat- to the letter, as Bayle has observed, the apophthegm
ter was marching against Rome. (Diony's. viii. 22. ), of Juvenal :
He re-
## p. 445 (#465) ############################################
AUSONIUS.
445
AUSONIUS.
« Si fortuna volct fies de rhetorc consul. ” to Paullinus (xxiv. ) are by no means deficient in
The letter of Gratian, conferring the dignity, grace and dignity. But even in his happiest
and the grateful reply of Ausonius, arc both extant. efforts we discover a total want of tiste both in
After the death of Gratian he retired from public matter and manner, a disposition to introduce on
life, and ended his days in a country retreat at no all occasions, without judgment, the thoughts and
great distance from his native city (Epist. xxiv. ), language of preceding writers, while no praise
without losing, however, his court favour, for we except that of misapplied ingenuity can be con-
have direct evidence that he was patronised by ceded to the great bulk of his minor effusions,
Theodosius. (Pracfatiuncula, i. )
which are for the most part sad trash. His style
The precise dates of the birth and of the death is frequently harsh, and in latinity and versifica-
of Ausonius are alike unknown. That he was tion he is far inferior to Claudian.
born about the beginning of the fourth century, as His extant works are -
stated above, is evident from the fact, that he 1. Epigrammatum Liber, a collection of 150
speaks of himself as far advanced in years when epigrams. 2. Ephemeris, containing an account of
invested with the consulship (Grat. Act. ), and he the business and proceedings of a day. 3. Parcn-
was certainly alive in 308, since he refers to the talia, a series of short poems addressed to friends
victory of Theodosius over Maximus, and the death and relations on their decease. From these Vinet
of the “ Rutupian robber. ” (Clar. Urb. vii. ) bas extracted a very complete catalogue of the
Judging from the fond terms in which Ausonius kindred of Ausonius, and constructed a genealogi-
speaks of his relations, the kindly feeling which cal tree. 4. Professores, notices of the Professors
appears to have been maintained between himself of Bourdeaux, or of those who being natives of
and several of his pupils, and the warm gratitude Bourdeaux gave instructions elsewhere. 5. Epi-
expressed by him towards his benefactors, we taphia Heroum, epitaphs on the heroes who fell
should be led to conclude that he was gentle, in the Trojan war and a few others. 6. A metri-
warm-hearted, and affectionate ; but it is so very cal catalogue of the first twelve Caesars, the period
easy to be amiable upon paper, that we have per- during which each reigned, and the manner of his
haps no right to form any decided opinion upon death. 7. Tetrasticha, on the Caesars from Julius
his character. His religious faith has been the to Elagabalus. 8. Clarae Urbes, the praises of
subject of keen controversy, but there seems to be fourteen illustrious cities. 9. Ludus Septem Sa-
little difficulty in determining the question. From pientum, the doctrines of the seren sages expounded
his cradle he was surrounded by Christian relatives, by each in his own person. 10. Idyllia, a collec-
he was selected by a Christian emperor to guide tion of twenty poems on different subjects, to
the studies of his Christian son, and he openly several of which dedications in prose are prefixed.
professes Christianity in several of his poems. It The most remarkable are, Epicedion in patrem
is objected - 1. That his friend and quondam dis- Julium Antonium ; Ausonii Villula ; Cupido cruci
ciple, Pontius Paullinus, the famous bishop of affixus ; Mosella ; and the too celebrated Cento
Nola, frequently upbraids him on account of his Nuptialis. 11. Eclogarium, short poems connected
aversion to the pure faith. 2. That several of his with the Calendar and with some matters of do-
pieces are grossly impure. 3. That his works con- mestic computation. 12. Epistolae, twenty-five
tain frequent allusions to Pagan mythology, with letters, some in verse, some in prose, some partly
out any distinct declaration of disbelief. 4. That in verse and partly in prose, addressed to various
he was the intimate friend of Symmachus, who friends. 13. Gratiarum Actio pro Consulatu, in
was notorious for his hostility to Christianity. prose, addressed to the emperor Gratian. 14.
5. That the compositions in which he professes Periochae, short arguments to each book of the
Christianity are spurious. To which arguments we Iliad and Odyssey. 15. Tres Pracfatiunculae, one
may briefly reply, that the first falls to the ground, of them addressed to the emperor Theodosius.
because the assertion, on which it rests, is entirely The Editio Princeps of Ausonius appeared at
false ; that if we admit the validity of the second Venice in folio, without a printer's name, in a ro-
and third, we might demonstrate half the poets lume bearing the date 1472, and containing Pro-
who have lived since the revival of letters to be bae Centones, the eclogues of Calpurnius, in addition
infidels ; that the fourth proves nothing, and that to which some copies have the Epistle on the death
the fifth, the rest being set aside, amounts to a of Drusus and some opuscula of Publius Gregorius
petitio principii, since it is supported by no inde Tifemus. It is extremely scarce. The first edi-
pendent evidence external or internal. His poetical tion, in which Ausonius is found separately, is that
powers have been variously estimated. While edited by J. A. Ferrarius, fol. Mediolan. 1490,
some refuse to allow him any merit whatever, printed by Ulderic Scinzenzeller. The first edi-
others contend that had he lived in the age of tion, in which the whole of the extant works are
Augustus, he would have successfully disputed the collected in a complete form, is that of Tadaeus
palm with the brightest luminaries of that epoch. Ugoletus, printed by his brother Angelus, at
Without stopping to consider what he might have Parma, 4to. 1499. The first edition, which ex-
become under a totally different combination of hibits a tolerable text, is that of Phil. Junta, 8vo.
circumstances, a sort of discussion which can never Florent. 1517; and the best edition is the Vari-
lead any satisfactory result, we may pronounce orum of Tollius, 8vo. Amstel. 1671. (W. R. )
with some confidence, that of all the higher attri- AUSO'NIUS, JULIUS, an eminent physician,
butes of a poet Ausonius possesses not one. Con- who, however, is chiefly known by his being the
siderable neatness of expression may be discerned father of the poet of the same name, from whose
in several of his epigrams, many of which are evi- works almost all the events of his life are to be
dently translations from the Greek ; we have a learned. He was a native of Cossio Vasatum (the
very favourable specimen of his descriptive powers modern Buzas), but removed to Burdigala (Bour-
in the Mosella, perhaps the most pleasing of all deaux). He married Aemilia Aeonia, with whom
bis pieces ; and some of his epistles, especially that he lived thirty-six years, and by whom he had four
## p. 446 (#466) ############################################
446
AUTOLEON.
AUTOLYCUS.
2
children, two sons, Decius Magnus Ausonius and the Opuntian Locrians, whenever they drew up their
Avitianus, and two daughters, Aemilia Melania army in battle array, to leave one place in the lines
and Julia Dryadia. He was appointed praefect open for their national hero Ajax. (AJAX. ) Once
of Illyricum by the emperor Valentinian. (A. D. in a battle between the Locrians and Crotoniats in
364-375. ) He died at the age either of Italy, Autolcon wanted to penetrate into this
eighty-eight (Auson. Parent. i. 4) or ninety (Id. vacant place, hoping thus to conquer the Locrians.
Epiced. v. 61), after having enjoyed perfect health | But the shade of Ajax appeared and inflicted on
both of body and mind. If he at all resembled Autoleon a wound from which he suffered severely.
the description given of him by his son, he | The oracle advised him to conciliate the shade of
must have been a most remarkable man, as al- | Ajax by offering sacrifices to him in the island of
most every intellectual and moral excellence is at- Leuce. This was was done accordingly, and Au-
tributed to him. He wrote some medical works, toleon was cured. While in the island of Leuce,
which are not now extant. (Fabric. Biblioth. Gr. Autoleon also saw Helen, who gave him a commis-
vol. xiii. p. 96, ed. vet. ; Scaliger, Vita Auson. ; sion to Stesichorus. This poet bad censured Helen
Ausonius, Parent. i. and Epiced. ) [W. A. G. ] in one of his poems, and bad become blind in con-
AUTA’RITUS (Avrápitos), the leader of the sequence. Helen now sent him the message, that
Gallic mercenaries in the Carthaginian army in if he would recant, his sight should be restored to
Africa, took an active part in the rebellion against him. Stesichorus composed a poem in praise of
Carthage at the end of the first Punic war. He Helen, and recovered his sight. (Conon, Narra.
at length fell into the power of Hamilcar, and was 18. ) Pausanias (iii. 19. & 11) relates precisely
crucified, B. C. 238. (Polyb. i. 77, 79, 80, 85, 86. ) the same story of one Leonymus. [L. S. ]
AUTE'SION (Aúteoiwv), a son of Tisamenus, AUTO'LYCUS (AŭtóUKOS). 1. A son of
grandson of Thersander, and great-grandson of Hermes or Daedalion by Chione, Philonis, or
Polyneices. He is called the father of Theras and Telauge. (Apollod. i. 9. & 16 ; Hygin. Fal. 201;
Argeia, by the latter of whom Aristodemus became Eustath. ad Hom. p. 804. ) He was the husband
the father of Eurysthenes and Procles. He was a of Neaera (Paus. viii. 4. § 3), or according to
native of Thebes, where he had succeeded his Homer (Od. xix. 394, &c. ), of Amphithea, by
father as king, but at the command of an oracle he whom he became the father of Anticleia, the
went to Peloponnesus and joined the Dorians. mother of Odysseus and Aesimus. He had his
(Apollod. i. 8. 92 ; Paus. iii. 15. § 4, 3. $ 3, ix. residence on mount Parnassus, and was renowned
5. & 8; Herod. iv. 147, vi. 52 ; Strab. viii. p. among men for his cunning and oaths. (Comp.
347. )
(L. S. ] Hygin. l. c. ; Ov. Met. xi. 311. ) Once when he
AUẤTOCLES (AÚtokañs). 1. Son of Tolmaeus, came to Ithaca as a guest, the nurse placed his
was one of the Athenian commanders in the suc- newly-born grandson Odysseus on his knees, and
cessful expedition against Cythera, B. c. 424 (Thuc. he gave the child the name Odysseus. After-
iv. 53); and, together with his two colleagues, wards, when Odysseus was staying with him, he
Nicias and Nicostratus, he ratified, on the part of was wounded by a boar during the chase on Par-
Athens, the truce which in B. c. 423 was concluded nassus, and it was by the scar of this wound that
for one year with Sparta. (Thuc. iv. 119. ) Odysseus was subsequently recognized by his aged
2. Son of Strombichides, was one of the Athe- nurse, when he returned from Troy. (Paus. x. 8.
nian envoys empowered to negotiate peace with $ 4; Ov. Met. xi. 295, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 200. )
Sparta in B. c. 371. (Xen. Hell
. vi. 3. & 2; comp. Polymede, the mother of Jason, was, according to
Diod. xv. 38. ) Xenophon (Hell. vi. 3. $ 7, &c. ) Apollodorus, a daughter of this Autolycus, and the
reports a somewhat injudicious speech of his, which same writer (ii. 4. & 9) not only describes him as
was delivered on this occasion before the congress the teacher of Heracles in the art of wrestling, but
at Sparta, and which by no means confirms the mentions him among the Argonauts ; the latter of
character, ascribed to him in the same passage, of a which statements arose undoubtedly from a con-
skilful orator. It was perhaps this same Autocles fusion of this Autolycus with the Thessalian of the
who, in B. C. 362, was appointed to the command same name. Autolycus is very famous in ancient
in Thrace, and was brought to trial for having story as a successful robber, who had even the
caused, by his inactivity there, the triumph of power of metamorphosing both the stolen goods and
Cotys over the rebel Miltocythes. (Dem. c. Aris himself
. (Hom. N. x. 267; Hygin. Fub. 201;
tocr. p. 655, c. Polycl. p. 1207. ) Aristotle (Rhet. Apollod. ii. 6. § 2; Strab. ix. p. 439; Eustath.
ii. 23. & 12) refers to a passage in a speech of ad Hom. p. 408 ; Serv. ad Aen. ii
. 79. )
Autocles against Mixidemides, as illustrating one 2. A Thessalian, son of Deimachus, who to
of his rhetorical τόποι.
[E. E. ] gether with his brothers Deſleon and Phlogius
AUTO'CRATES (Aŭtokpárns), an Athenian, joined Heracles in his expedition against the
a poet of the old comedy. One of his plays, the Amazons. But after having gone astray the
Tuutaviotai, is mentioned by Suidas and Aelian. two brothers dwelt at Sinope, until they joined
(V. H. xii.
