323),
Perdiccas
assumed a leading
and it appears that in consequence of his noble part.
and it appears that in consequence of his noble part.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
G.
]
in secret the revelry of the Bacchic women, but on PEPAGO MENUS, NICOLAUS (Nikólaos
being discovered by them, he was torn to pieces. Tetayouévos), wrote a eulogium on the martyr
(Eurip. Bucch. 816, 954, 1061, &c. ; Theocrit
. Isidorus, of which a part is given by Allatius, ad
xxvi. 10. ) According to a Corinthian tradition, Eustathium Antiochen. P. 69. It is said that other
the women were afterwards commanded by an writings of his are to be found in the public libraries
oracle to find out that tree, and to worship it like of Paris. As he was a correspondent of Nicephorus
the god Dionysus hinself; and out of the tree Gregoras, he must have lived about A. D. 1340.
two carved images of the god were made accord-(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 649, vol. x. p. 265,
ingly. (Paus. ii. 2. & 6. )
[L. S. ]
vol. xi. p. 293).
(W. M. G. )
PENTHILUS (névolos), a son of Orestes PEPHRE’DO or PEMPHRAEDO (Neopnow
and Erigone, is said to have led a colony of Aeo- or lleuopnow), a daughter of Phorcys, and one of
lians to Thrace. He was the father of Echelatus the Graeae. (Hes. Theog. 273; Apollod. ii. 4. & 2;
and Damasias. (Paus. ii. 18. & 5, iii. 2. § 1, v. 4, Tzetz. ad Lyc. 838 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv.
$ 2, vii. 6. & 2; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 1374; Strab. xiii. 1515; Zenob. i. 41. )
[L. S. ]
p. 582 ; Aristot. Polit. v. 8, 13. )
PEPONILA. (SABINUS, Julius. )
There was also a son of Periclymenus of this PEPROM ENE (Πεπρωμένη), namely μοίρα,
name. (Paus. ii. 18. $ 7. )
(L. S. ) that is, the share destined by fate, occurs also as a
PE'NULA, M. CENTEʻNIUS. (CENTE- proper name in the same sense as Moira or Fate.
NIUS. ]
(Paus, viii. 21. & 2; Hom. Il. iii. 309. ) (L. S. ]
PEPAEPIRIS (IINTOITLIS), a queen of Bos- PERA, the name of a family of the Junia gens.
porus, known only from her coins, from which it 1. D. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, was consul
appears that she was the wife of Sauromates I. B. C. 266, with N. Fabius Pictor, and triumphed
(Eckhel, Doctr. Numor, vol. ii. p. 375. ) [SAURO- twice in this year, the first time over the Sassinates,
MATES. )
(E. H. B. ) and the second time over the Sallentini and Mes-
PEPAGO'MENUS, DEMETRIUS (Anus sapii. He was censor in B. C. 253, with L. Pos-
Tpios Merayóuevos), a Greek medical writer, who tumius Megellus. (Fasti Capit. )
is supposed to have lived towards the end of the 2. M. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, son of the
thirteenth century after Christ, and to have de- preceding, was consul B. c. 230 with M. Aemilius
dicated one of his works to the emperor Michael Barbula, censor B. c. 225 with C. Claudius Centho,
Palaeologus, A. D. 1260-1282. He is the author and dictator B. C. 216 after the fatal battle of
of a treatise, Mepl Nooáypas, De Podagra, which Cannae. In order to raise soldiers he armed not
has been attributed by some persons to Michael only slaves, but even criminals. (Fasti Capit. ;
Psellus (Leo Allatius, De Psellis, $ 52, ap. Fabric. Liv. xxii. 57, 59, xxiii. 14. )
Bibl. Graec. vol. v. ed. vet. ). It consists of forty-five PERAETHUS (Tépaidos), a son of Lycaon,
short chapters, besides the preface and conclusion, from whom the town of Peraetheis in Arcadia was
and, though principally compiled from former believed to have derived its name. (Paus. viii.
writers, is curious and interesting. A good ana- 3. & 1, 27. $ 3. )
(L. S. )
lysis of its contents is given by Mr. Adams, in his PERCENNIUS, a common soldier, and pre-
commentary on Paulus Aegineta (iii. 78). It was viously employed in the theatres to hiss or applaud,
first published without the author's name, in a as the case might be, was the ringleader in the
Latin translation by Marcus Masurus, Rom. 1517, formidable mutiny of the Pannonian legions, which
8vo. ; and afterwards in Greek and Latin, Paris, broke out at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius,
1558, 8vo. The last and best edition is by J. S. A. D. 14. He was killed by order of Drusus
Bernard, Greek and Latin, Ludg. Bat. 1743, 8vo. , shortly after his arrival in the camp. (Tac. Ann. i.
sometimes found with a new title page, Arnhem. 16, 17, 28, 29. )
1753. The Latin translation by Masurus is in- PERDICCAS (Tlepdiskas). 1. Son of Orontes,
serted in H. Stephani Medicae Artis Principes, I a Macedonjan of the province of Orestis, was
alera
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andard
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## p. 186 (#202) ############################################
186
PERDICCAS.
PERDICCAS.
the kii
17
*N
one of the most distinguished of the generals of Justin. xii. 15; it is remarkable that Arrian does
Alexander the Great. We are told that he was not even allude to this circumstance. )
descended from a royal house (Curt. x. 7. $ 8) In the deliberations which followed the death of
probably that of the independent princes of Orestis, the king (B. C.
323), Perdiccas assumed a leading
and it appears that in consequence of his noble part. In the general council of the officers he was
birth he early held a distinguished place at the the first to propose that the crown should be re-
court of Philip of Macedon. We find him men served for the child of which Roxana was then
tioned as one of the select officers who, under the pregnant, supposing it to prove a male : and it was
title of owWatodunakes, were immediately about immediately suggested by Aristonous that the re-
person at the time of his death ; and he gency in the mean time should be confined to Per-
was one of the first to avenge that crime upon the diccns. This proposal — with the modification put
assassin Pausanias. (Diod. xvi. 94. ) It is pro- forward by Pithon, that Leonnatus should be asso-
bable that he continued to hold the same honour- ciated with him in the supreme authority, -obiained
able post under the youthful Alexander, though he the concurrence of almost all the chief officers, sup-
is not distinctly mentioned as doing so until a ported by the whole body of the Macedonian ca.
later period (see Arr. Anab. iv. 21. $7, v. 13. valry. But the infantry, at the head of whom
§ 1, vi. 11. & 3, 28. $ 6); but besides this he had Meleager had placed himself (MELEAGER), refused
the separate command of one of the divisions of to acquiesce in this decision, and clamorously de
the phalanx, at the head of which we find him manded that Arrhidaeus, the bastard brother of
accompanying the young king in the campaign Alexander, should be at once proclaimed king.
against the Illyrians, and agnin at the siege of Matters soon came to an open rupture between
Thebes. On this last occasion he greatly distin- the two parties, and the cavalry, with most of the
guished himself, but was severely wounded, and leading men in the army, withdrew from Babylon,
narrowly escaped with his life. (Arr. ib. i. 6, 8; and encamped without the city. Perdiccas ai first
Diod. xvii. 12. ) During the earlier campaigns in remained behind, but an attempt made upon his
Asia we likewise find him commanding one of the life by his rival, which was frustrated only by his
divisions of the phalanx, which was composed of own intrepidity, soon compelied him to follow the
his own countrymen the Orestians, together with example of the seceders. The cavalry now threat-
the neighbouring tribe of the Lyncestians. This ened to cut off the supplies, and reduce Babylon to
post he held in all the three great battles of the a state of famine ; but after repeated embassies a
Granicus, Issus, and Arbela ; in the last of which compromise was at length effected, by which it
he was again severely wounded : and his name is was agreed that Arrhidaeus should be declared
also mentioned with distinction at the sieges of king, reserving however to the son of Roxana a
Halicarnassus and of Tyre. (Arr. Anub. i. 14, 20, share of the sovereignty, as soon as he should be
21, ii. 8, ii. 11; Curt. iii. 9. $7, iv. 3. $ 1, 16. born, while Perdiccas, under the honorary title of
§ 32; Diod. xvii. 57, 61. ) In the subsequent chiliarch of the étaipoi, should hold the chief com-
operations in Persia, Sogdiana, and India, his name mand under the new monarch, Meleager taking
occurs still more frequently ; and he appears to rank immediately under him. (Curt. X. 6–8;
have borne a continually increasing share in the Justin. xiii. 24; Arrian. ap. Phot. p. 69, a ;
confidence and favour of Alexander. At this time Dexipp. ibid. p. 64, b. ; Diod. xviii. 2. )
he was transferred from the infantry to the cavalry, But this arrangement, though sanctioned by a
where he commanded one of the hipparchies, or solemn treaty, was not destined to be of long dura-
divisions of the horseguards (étaipoi); but in ad-tion. Perdiccas took advantage of his new position
dition to this we find him repeatedly charged with to establish his influence over the feeble mind of
separate commands of importance, sometimes in the nominal king Arrhidaeus, while he lulled his
conjunction with Ptolemy, Craterus, or Hephaestion, rival Meleager into security by the profoundest
sometimes as sole general. He appears to have dissimulation, until his schemes were ripe for exe-
especially distinguished himself in the battle against cution, and he was able to crush at one blow
Porus, and shortly after we find him commanding Meleager himself with all his leading partisans.
the whole left wing of the army in the action with (MELEAGER). By this decisire stroke he freed
the Cathaeans. Again, in the attack of the chief himself from one of his most formidable adversaries,
city of the Malli it was Perdiccas who was ap- but at the same time he necessarily aroused the
pointed to conduct the assault on one side of the fears of all others who felt themselves to be either
fortress, while Alexander himself led that on the his rivals or his enemies. For a time, however, he
other. (Arr. Anab. iii. 18, iv. 16, 21, 22, 28, 30, thought himself secure in the possession of the
v. 12, 13, 22, vi. 6, 9, 15, Ind. 18; Curt. vii. supreme power; the king was a mere puppet in
6. § 19, viii. 10. § 2, 14. SS 5, 15, ix, 1. & 19. ) his hands, and the birth of Alexander, the ex-
Nor was he forgotten in the distribution of honours pected son of Roxana, appeared greatly to strengthen
at Susa, where he received a crown of gold for his his authority, while the partition of the several
services in common with the other Somatophylaces, satrapies or governments of Asia and Europe among
and the daughter of Atropates, the satrap of Media, the generals of Alexander, removed to a distance
in marriage. (Arr. vii. 4. & 7, 5. $ 9. ) In virtue and separated from one another all his more for-
of his office as Somatophylax, he was one of those midable competitors. An alarming revolt of the
in constant attendance upon the king's person Greek soldiers who had been settled in the pro-
when not employed on other military services (see vinces of Upper Asia, was successfully put down
Curt. vi. 8. $ 17, viii. 1. $$ 45, 48), and thus was through the agency of Pithon, and the whole of
naturally one of the officers who were gathered those who had submitted were barbarously mas-
around the bed of the dying Alexander, who is sacred by the express orders of the regent (Diod.
said in his last moments to have taken the royal xviii. 7. )
signet ring from his finger and given it to Perdic- Perdiccas now deemed himself at leisure (B. 6. 322)
cas (Diod. xvii. 117, xviii. 2; Curt. . 5. § 4;to undertake the reduction of Cappadocia, which
.
a
## p. 187 (#203) ############################################
PERDICCAS.
187
2. )
Her
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PERDICCAS.
bad been neglected by Alexander, and continued | caused the discontent among his troops which had
in virtual independence under its satrap, Ariarathes. been long gathering in secret, and had been exas-
The campaign was quickly decided ; Ariarathes perated rather than repressed by the severity with
was defeaten in two successive battles, taken pri- which he had punished the first symptoms of dis-
soner, and put to death by order of the regent, who affection, to break out into open mutiny ; the in-
handed over the government of Cappadocia to his fantry of the phalanx were the first to declare
friend and partisan Eumenes. From thence he themselves, but their example was soon followed
marched into Pisidia, where he reduced the im- by the cavalry, and a band of officers headed by
portant cities of Laranda and Isaura. Meanwhile Seleucus and Antigenes hastened to the tent of
the jealousies and apprehensions of his principal Perdiccas, and despatched him with many wounds.
adversaries had been long secretly at work, to (Diod. kviii. 23, 25, 29, 33–36; Arrian, up.
combine them into a league against his power. Phol. p. 70, b. 71, a; Justin. xiii. 6, 8; Plut.
Ptolemy appears to have been from the first re- Euin. 5, 8; Com. Nep. Eum. 3, 5; Strab. xvii.
garded by the regent with especial suspicion and p. 794. )
distrust, and Perdiccas was only waiting for a plau- We know little or nothing of the character of
sible pretext to dispossess him of his important Perdiccas beyond what may be gathered from the
government of Egypt. But the regent knew that part he took in the events above related, but in
Antipater also was scarcely less hostile to him, and these he certainly appears in the darkest colours.
had already entered into recret engagements with His only redeeming qualities were his great per-
Ptolemy, from which he now sought to detach him sonal courage (see on this point an anecdote
by requesting his daughter Nicaea in marriage. related by Ael. v. H. xii. 39), and his talents
Antipater could not reſuse so splendid an offer, as a general. His selfish and grasping ambition
and immediately sent Nicaea to Perdiccas in Asia, was wholly unrelieved by any of the generosity
But just about the same time the regent received and magnanimous spirit which had adorned that of
overtures from Olympias, who offered him the Alexander. At once crafty and cruel, he arrayed
hand of her daughter Cleopatra in return for his against himself, by his dark and designing policy,
support against Antipater. He did not, however, all the other leaders in the Macedonian empire,
deem the moment yet come for an open rupture while he alienated the minds of his soldiers and
with the latter, and consequently married Nicaea, followers by the arrogance of his demeanour, as
but with the secret purpose of divorcing her and well as by unsparing and needless severity, and he
espousing Cleopatra in her stead at a subsequent ultimately fell a victim not to the arms of his ad-
period. From this time, if not before, it appears versaries, but to the general discontent which he had
certain that he began to look forward to establish himself excited.
ing himself eventually on the throne of Macedonia, 2. One of the generals who held a subordinate
and regarded the proposed alliance with Cleopatra command under Eumenes in the war against An-
merely as a stepping-stone to that object. (Arrian, tigonus, B. C. 321. He was preparing to desert to
ap. Phot. p. 69, b. 70, a. ; Diod. xviii. 14, 16, 22, the enemy, when Eumenes became apprised of his
23 ; Justin. xiii. 6. )
project, and sent Phoenix against him, who surprised
It was at this juncture that the daring enter- bus camp in the night, took him prisoner, and
prisc of Cynane (Cynane) threatened to disconcert brought him before Eumenes, who caused him to
all the plans of Perdiccas ; and though he succeeded be put to death. (Diod. xviii. 40. ) [E. H. B ]
in frustrating her ambitious schemes, his cruelty in PERDICCAS I. (liepdiknas), was, according to
putting her to death excited such general dissatis- | Herodotus, the founder of the Macedonian mon-
faction, that he found himself compelled, in order archy, though Justin, Diodorus, and the later
to appease the murmurs of tl. e soldiery, to give her chronographers, Dexippus and Eusebius, represent
daughter Eurydice in marriage to the king Arrhi-Caranus as the first king of Macedonia, and make
daeus. (Arr. ap. Phol. p. 70, a. b. ) Shortis | Perdiccas only the fourth. (Caranus. ] Thucy-
after, bis attempt to bring Antigonus to trial for dides, however, seems to follow the same version
some alleged offences in the government of his of the history with Herodotus, since he reckons
satrapy, brought on the crisis which had been so only eight kings before Archelaus. (Thuc. 100.
long impending. That general made his escape See also Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 221; Müller's
to Macedonia, where he revealed to Antipater the Dorians, App. i. $ 15. ) According to Herodotus,
full extent of the ambitious schemes of Perdiccas, Perdiccas and his two brothers, Gauanes and Aë-
and thus at once induced Antipater and Craterus ropus, were Argives of the race of Temenus, who
to unite in a league with Peolemy, and openly filed from their native country to Illyria, and from
declare war against the regent. Thus assailed on thence into the upper part of Macedonia, wbere
all sides, Perdiccas determined to leave Eumenes they at first served the king of the country as
in Asia Minor, to make head against their common herdsmen, but were afterwards dismissed from his
enemies in that quarter, while he himself directed service, and settled near Mount Bermius, from
his efforts in the first instance against Ptolemy. whence, he adds, they subdued the rest of Ma-
In the spring of B. c. 321 accordingly, he set out cedonia (Herod. viii. 137, 138). It is clear, how.
on his march against Egypt, at the head of a for- ever, that the dominions of Perdiccas and his
midable army, and accompanied by the king Ar immediate successors, comprised but a very small
rhidaeus, with his bride Eurydice, as well as by part of the country subsequently known under
Roxana and her infant son. He advanced without ihat name. (See Thuc.
in secret the revelry of the Bacchic women, but on PEPAGO MENUS, NICOLAUS (Nikólaos
being discovered by them, he was torn to pieces. Tetayouévos), wrote a eulogium on the martyr
(Eurip. Bucch. 816, 954, 1061, &c. ; Theocrit
. Isidorus, of which a part is given by Allatius, ad
xxvi. 10. ) According to a Corinthian tradition, Eustathium Antiochen. P. 69. It is said that other
the women were afterwards commanded by an writings of his are to be found in the public libraries
oracle to find out that tree, and to worship it like of Paris. As he was a correspondent of Nicephorus
the god Dionysus hinself; and out of the tree Gregoras, he must have lived about A. D. 1340.
two carved images of the god were made accord-(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 649, vol. x. p. 265,
ingly. (Paus. ii. 2. & 6. )
[L. S. ]
vol. xi. p. 293).
(W. M. G. )
PENTHILUS (névolos), a son of Orestes PEPHRE’DO or PEMPHRAEDO (Neopnow
and Erigone, is said to have led a colony of Aeo- or lleuopnow), a daughter of Phorcys, and one of
lians to Thrace. He was the father of Echelatus the Graeae. (Hes. Theog. 273; Apollod. ii. 4. & 2;
and Damasias. (Paus. ii. 18. & 5, iii. 2. § 1, v. 4, Tzetz. ad Lyc. 838 ; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iv.
$ 2, vii. 6. & 2; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 1374; Strab. xiii. 1515; Zenob. i. 41. )
[L. S. ]
p. 582 ; Aristot. Polit. v. 8, 13. )
PEPONILA. (SABINUS, Julius. )
There was also a son of Periclymenus of this PEPROM ENE (Πεπρωμένη), namely μοίρα,
name. (Paus. ii. 18. $ 7. )
(L. S. ) that is, the share destined by fate, occurs also as a
PE'NULA, M. CENTEʻNIUS. (CENTE- proper name in the same sense as Moira or Fate.
NIUS. ]
(Paus, viii. 21. & 2; Hom. Il. iii. 309. ) (L. S. ]
PEPAEPIRIS (IINTOITLIS), a queen of Bos- PERA, the name of a family of the Junia gens.
porus, known only from her coins, from which it 1. D. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, was consul
appears that she was the wife of Sauromates I. B. C. 266, with N. Fabius Pictor, and triumphed
(Eckhel, Doctr. Numor, vol. ii. p. 375. ) [SAURO- twice in this year, the first time over the Sassinates,
MATES. )
(E. H. B. ) and the second time over the Sallentini and Mes-
PEPAGO'MENUS, DEMETRIUS (Anus sapii. He was censor in B. C. 253, with L. Pos-
Tpios Merayóuevos), a Greek medical writer, who tumius Megellus. (Fasti Capit. )
is supposed to have lived towards the end of the 2. M. JUNIUS D. F. D. N. Pera, son of the
thirteenth century after Christ, and to have de- preceding, was consul B. c. 230 with M. Aemilius
dicated one of his works to the emperor Michael Barbula, censor B. c. 225 with C. Claudius Centho,
Palaeologus, A. D. 1260-1282. He is the author and dictator B. C. 216 after the fatal battle of
of a treatise, Mepl Nooáypas, De Podagra, which Cannae. In order to raise soldiers he armed not
has been attributed by some persons to Michael only slaves, but even criminals. (Fasti Capit. ;
Psellus (Leo Allatius, De Psellis, $ 52, ap. Fabric. Liv. xxii. 57, 59, xxiii. 14. )
Bibl. Graec. vol. v. ed. vet. ). It consists of forty-five PERAETHUS (Tépaidos), a son of Lycaon,
short chapters, besides the preface and conclusion, from whom the town of Peraetheis in Arcadia was
and, though principally compiled from former believed to have derived its name. (Paus. viii.
writers, is curious and interesting. A good ana- 3. & 1, 27. $ 3. )
(L. S. )
lysis of its contents is given by Mr. Adams, in his PERCENNIUS, a common soldier, and pre-
commentary on Paulus Aegineta (iii. 78). It was viously employed in the theatres to hiss or applaud,
first published without the author's name, in a as the case might be, was the ringleader in the
Latin translation by Marcus Masurus, Rom. 1517, formidable mutiny of the Pannonian legions, which
8vo. ; and afterwards in Greek and Latin, Paris, broke out at the beginning of the reign of Tiberius,
1558, 8vo. The last and best edition is by J. S. A. D. 14. He was killed by order of Drusus
Bernard, Greek and Latin, Ludg. Bat. 1743, 8vo. , shortly after his arrival in the camp. (Tac. Ann. i.
sometimes found with a new title page, Arnhem. 16, 17, 28, 29. )
1753. The Latin translation by Masurus is in- PERDICCAS (Tlepdiskas). 1. Son of Orontes,
serted in H. Stephani Medicae Artis Principes, I a Macedonjan of the province of Orestis, was
alera
๔
7 Pet
andard
56, is
are's
li
. R]
A3
Ti
14
1
## p. 186 (#202) ############################################
186
PERDICCAS.
PERDICCAS.
the kii
17
*N
one of the most distinguished of the generals of Justin. xii. 15; it is remarkable that Arrian does
Alexander the Great. We are told that he was not even allude to this circumstance. )
descended from a royal house (Curt. x. 7. $ 8) In the deliberations which followed the death of
probably that of the independent princes of Orestis, the king (B. C.
323), Perdiccas assumed a leading
and it appears that in consequence of his noble part. In the general council of the officers he was
birth he early held a distinguished place at the the first to propose that the crown should be re-
court of Philip of Macedon. We find him men served for the child of which Roxana was then
tioned as one of the select officers who, under the pregnant, supposing it to prove a male : and it was
title of owWatodunakes, were immediately about immediately suggested by Aristonous that the re-
person at the time of his death ; and he gency in the mean time should be confined to Per-
was one of the first to avenge that crime upon the diccns. This proposal — with the modification put
assassin Pausanias. (Diod. xvi. 94. ) It is pro- forward by Pithon, that Leonnatus should be asso-
bable that he continued to hold the same honour- ciated with him in the supreme authority, -obiained
able post under the youthful Alexander, though he the concurrence of almost all the chief officers, sup-
is not distinctly mentioned as doing so until a ported by the whole body of the Macedonian ca.
later period (see Arr. Anab. iv. 21. $7, v. 13. valry. But the infantry, at the head of whom
§ 1, vi. 11. & 3, 28. $ 6); but besides this he had Meleager had placed himself (MELEAGER), refused
the separate command of one of the divisions of to acquiesce in this decision, and clamorously de
the phalanx, at the head of which we find him manded that Arrhidaeus, the bastard brother of
accompanying the young king in the campaign Alexander, should be at once proclaimed king.
against the Illyrians, and agnin at the siege of Matters soon came to an open rupture between
Thebes. On this last occasion he greatly distin- the two parties, and the cavalry, with most of the
guished himself, but was severely wounded, and leading men in the army, withdrew from Babylon,
narrowly escaped with his life. (Arr. ib. i. 6, 8; and encamped without the city. Perdiccas ai first
Diod. xvii. 12. ) During the earlier campaigns in remained behind, but an attempt made upon his
Asia we likewise find him commanding one of the life by his rival, which was frustrated only by his
divisions of the phalanx, which was composed of own intrepidity, soon compelied him to follow the
his own countrymen the Orestians, together with example of the seceders. The cavalry now threat-
the neighbouring tribe of the Lyncestians. This ened to cut off the supplies, and reduce Babylon to
post he held in all the three great battles of the a state of famine ; but after repeated embassies a
Granicus, Issus, and Arbela ; in the last of which compromise was at length effected, by which it
he was again severely wounded : and his name is was agreed that Arrhidaeus should be declared
also mentioned with distinction at the sieges of king, reserving however to the son of Roxana a
Halicarnassus and of Tyre. (Arr. Anub. i. 14, 20, share of the sovereignty, as soon as he should be
21, ii. 8, ii. 11; Curt. iii. 9. $7, iv. 3. $ 1, 16. born, while Perdiccas, under the honorary title of
§ 32; Diod. xvii. 57, 61. ) In the subsequent chiliarch of the étaipoi, should hold the chief com-
operations in Persia, Sogdiana, and India, his name mand under the new monarch, Meleager taking
occurs still more frequently ; and he appears to rank immediately under him. (Curt. X. 6–8;
have borne a continually increasing share in the Justin. xiii. 24; Arrian. ap. Phot. p. 69, a ;
confidence and favour of Alexander. At this time Dexipp. ibid. p. 64, b. ; Diod. xviii. 2. )
he was transferred from the infantry to the cavalry, But this arrangement, though sanctioned by a
where he commanded one of the hipparchies, or solemn treaty, was not destined to be of long dura-
divisions of the horseguards (étaipoi); but in ad-tion. Perdiccas took advantage of his new position
dition to this we find him repeatedly charged with to establish his influence over the feeble mind of
separate commands of importance, sometimes in the nominal king Arrhidaeus, while he lulled his
conjunction with Ptolemy, Craterus, or Hephaestion, rival Meleager into security by the profoundest
sometimes as sole general. He appears to have dissimulation, until his schemes were ripe for exe-
especially distinguished himself in the battle against cution, and he was able to crush at one blow
Porus, and shortly after we find him commanding Meleager himself with all his leading partisans.
the whole left wing of the army in the action with (MELEAGER). By this decisire stroke he freed
the Cathaeans. Again, in the attack of the chief himself from one of his most formidable adversaries,
city of the Malli it was Perdiccas who was ap- but at the same time he necessarily aroused the
pointed to conduct the assault on one side of the fears of all others who felt themselves to be either
fortress, while Alexander himself led that on the his rivals or his enemies. For a time, however, he
other. (Arr. Anab. iii. 18, iv. 16, 21, 22, 28, 30, thought himself secure in the possession of the
v. 12, 13, 22, vi. 6, 9, 15, Ind. 18; Curt. vii. supreme power; the king was a mere puppet in
6. § 19, viii. 10. § 2, 14. SS 5, 15, ix, 1. & 19. ) his hands, and the birth of Alexander, the ex-
Nor was he forgotten in the distribution of honours pected son of Roxana, appeared greatly to strengthen
at Susa, where he received a crown of gold for his his authority, while the partition of the several
services in common with the other Somatophylaces, satrapies or governments of Asia and Europe among
and the daughter of Atropates, the satrap of Media, the generals of Alexander, removed to a distance
in marriage. (Arr. vii. 4. & 7, 5. $ 9. ) In virtue and separated from one another all his more for-
of his office as Somatophylax, he was one of those midable competitors. An alarming revolt of the
in constant attendance upon the king's person Greek soldiers who had been settled in the pro-
when not employed on other military services (see vinces of Upper Asia, was successfully put down
Curt. vi. 8. $ 17, viii. 1. $$ 45, 48), and thus was through the agency of Pithon, and the whole of
naturally one of the officers who were gathered those who had submitted were barbarously mas-
around the bed of the dying Alexander, who is sacred by the express orders of the regent (Diod.
said in his last moments to have taken the royal xviii. 7. )
signet ring from his finger and given it to Perdic- Perdiccas now deemed himself at leisure (B. 6. 322)
cas (Diod. xvii. 117, xviii. 2; Curt. . 5. § 4;to undertake the reduction of Cappadocia, which
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bad been neglected by Alexander, and continued | caused the discontent among his troops which had
in virtual independence under its satrap, Ariarathes. been long gathering in secret, and had been exas-
The campaign was quickly decided ; Ariarathes perated rather than repressed by the severity with
was defeaten in two successive battles, taken pri- which he had punished the first symptoms of dis-
soner, and put to death by order of the regent, who affection, to break out into open mutiny ; the in-
handed over the government of Cappadocia to his fantry of the phalanx were the first to declare
friend and partisan Eumenes. From thence he themselves, but their example was soon followed
marched into Pisidia, where he reduced the im- by the cavalry, and a band of officers headed by
portant cities of Laranda and Isaura. Meanwhile Seleucus and Antigenes hastened to the tent of
the jealousies and apprehensions of his principal Perdiccas, and despatched him with many wounds.
adversaries had been long secretly at work, to (Diod. kviii. 23, 25, 29, 33–36; Arrian, up.
combine them into a league against his power. Phol. p. 70, b. 71, a; Justin. xiii. 6, 8; Plut.
Ptolemy appears to have been from the first re- Euin. 5, 8; Com. Nep. Eum. 3, 5; Strab. xvii.
garded by the regent with especial suspicion and p. 794. )
distrust, and Perdiccas was only waiting for a plau- We know little or nothing of the character of
sible pretext to dispossess him of his important Perdiccas beyond what may be gathered from the
government of Egypt. But the regent knew that part he took in the events above related, but in
Antipater also was scarcely less hostile to him, and these he certainly appears in the darkest colours.
had already entered into recret engagements with His only redeeming qualities were his great per-
Ptolemy, from which he now sought to detach him sonal courage (see on this point an anecdote
by requesting his daughter Nicaea in marriage. related by Ael. v. H. xii. 39), and his talents
Antipater could not reſuse so splendid an offer, as a general. His selfish and grasping ambition
and immediately sent Nicaea to Perdiccas in Asia, was wholly unrelieved by any of the generosity
But just about the same time the regent received and magnanimous spirit which had adorned that of
overtures from Olympias, who offered him the Alexander. At once crafty and cruel, he arrayed
hand of her daughter Cleopatra in return for his against himself, by his dark and designing policy,
support against Antipater. He did not, however, all the other leaders in the Macedonian empire,
deem the moment yet come for an open rupture while he alienated the minds of his soldiers and
with the latter, and consequently married Nicaea, followers by the arrogance of his demeanour, as
but with the secret purpose of divorcing her and well as by unsparing and needless severity, and he
espousing Cleopatra in her stead at a subsequent ultimately fell a victim not to the arms of his ad-
period. From this time, if not before, it appears versaries, but to the general discontent which he had
certain that he began to look forward to establish himself excited.
ing himself eventually on the throne of Macedonia, 2. One of the generals who held a subordinate
and regarded the proposed alliance with Cleopatra command under Eumenes in the war against An-
merely as a stepping-stone to that object. (Arrian, tigonus, B. C. 321. He was preparing to desert to
ap. Phot. p. 69, b. 70, a. ; Diod. xviii. 14, 16, 22, the enemy, when Eumenes became apprised of his
23 ; Justin. xiii. 6. )
project, and sent Phoenix against him, who surprised
It was at this juncture that the daring enter- bus camp in the night, took him prisoner, and
prisc of Cynane (Cynane) threatened to disconcert brought him before Eumenes, who caused him to
all the plans of Perdiccas ; and though he succeeded be put to death. (Diod. xviii. 40. ) [E. H. B ]
in frustrating her ambitious schemes, his cruelty in PERDICCAS I. (liepdiknas), was, according to
putting her to death excited such general dissatis- | Herodotus, the founder of the Macedonian mon-
faction, that he found himself compelled, in order archy, though Justin, Diodorus, and the later
to appease the murmurs of tl. e soldiery, to give her chronographers, Dexippus and Eusebius, represent
daughter Eurydice in marriage to the king Arrhi-Caranus as the first king of Macedonia, and make
daeus. (Arr. ap. Phol. p. 70, a. b. ) Shortis | Perdiccas only the fourth. (Caranus. ] Thucy-
after, bis attempt to bring Antigonus to trial for dides, however, seems to follow the same version
some alleged offences in the government of his of the history with Herodotus, since he reckons
satrapy, brought on the crisis which had been so only eight kings before Archelaus. (Thuc. 100.
long impending. That general made his escape See also Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 221; Müller's
to Macedonia, where he revealed to Antipater the Dorians, App. i. $ 15. ) According to Herodotus,
full extent of the ambitious schemes of Perdiccas, Perdiccas and his two brothers, Gauanes and Aë-
and thus at once induced Antipater and Craterus ropus, were Argives of the race of Temenus, who
to unite in a league with Peolemy, and openly filed from their native country to Illyria, and from
declare war against the regent. Thus assailed on thence into the upper part of Macedonia, wbere
all sides, Perdiccas determined to leave Eumenes they at first served the king of the country as
in Asia Minor, to make head against their common herdsmen, but were afterwards dismissed from his
enemies in that quarter, while he himself directed service, and settled near Mount Bermius, from
his efforts in the first instance against Ptolemy. whence, he adds, they subdued the rest of Ma-
In the spring of B. c. 321 accordingly, he set out cedonia (Herod. viii. 137, 138). It is clear, how.
on his march against Egypt, at the head of a for- ever, that the dominions of Perdiccas and his
midable army, and accompanied by the king Ar immediate successors, comprised but a very small
rhidaeus, with his bride Eurydice, as well as by part of the country subsequently known under
Roxana and her infant son. He advanced without ihat name. (See Thuc.
