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fully
the Church, our before God.
haue not herde that the Ánd the Archebishop said me, purpose Q
forthe ferye, quatuor temporum Septembris pray you, syr, declare here openly English.
And the Archebishop scid me, per ceiue well ynough wher about thou art, and how the deuell blyndeth the, that thou may not understond the ordinaunce holy chmrche, nor consent thereto but commaunde the now answere me shortly Beleuest thou that, after the consecracion this forsaid Sacrament,
your asking passeth myne understonding, dare nother denye nor graunte for
skole-mater aboute which besyed me ne uer for know and therefore commit
I.
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195] ST. ATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. —Trial and Eramination of [195
not to oblige the to the suttyll argumentes of Virgin Mary, Christes mother, and other clerkes, syns thou art viable therto ; but I pur Ymages sayntes ought worshipped.
pose to make the obeye to the determinacion of holy churche. ”—And I said, Syr, by open
fully, and worke therafter charitably. But, offer their cappes thes lettres. Why not Syr, the determinacion of this mater, which than, sins Ymages made with mannes hande, was brought in syns the Fende was losed by we may rede and knowe many diuerse thinges fier Thomas agayn, especially calling the most God, and his sayntes, shall we not wor worshipfull Sacrament of Christes owne body shippe their Ymages *—And sayde with my an accident without subjecte, which terme syns foresaid Protestacyon, say that these worldly
evidence and great witnesse a thousand yeare
after the Incarnation of Christe, the determina
cion which I haue here before you rehearsed thes men receiue their lordes letters, whiche was accepte of holy church, as sufficient to the they and knowe the willes and biddings saluacion of all the in that wolde beleue it faith their lordes worshippe their lordes they
I knowe not that Goddess lawe approueth it in this mater, I dare not graunte; but vtely I
temporal lordes that speake now done case withont synnc but similitude worship Ymages made mannes hande, syns that Moses, Dauid, So lomon, Baruch, and otherseyntes the Bible.
forbidde pleynly the worshipyng soche Ymages.
Than the Archebishop said me, ‘Lewde losell, the olde lawe, before that Christe toke mankind, was likenesse any persone the Trinitie, nother shewed man nor knowen
denye to make this fricr's sentence or ony soche other my beleue, do with me God what thou wilt. —And the Archebishop saide to me, ‘Well,
well, thou shalt say otherwise or that I leaue the. ” *,
“But what saist thon to this Seconde Poynte, that is recorded ageinst the by woorthy men of Shrew isbury, saing, that thou preachest openly there, that Ymages oughte not to be
thys
For earthely kynges and lordes, which use send their letters ensealid with their armes, with their preuy signet, men that are with
them, are worshipped thes men for whan
visages maye
worshipped in ony wise? ”—And I said, Syr, I man: but nowe syns Christe became man. preached neuer thus, nor thorow Gods grace I lefull haue mages shewe his man will not any tyme consent to thinke nor to say hode though many men, which are right thus nother pryuely nor apertly : for, lo! the greate clerkes, and other also helde er Lorde witnesseth by Moses, that the thinges rour peynte the Trinitie, say well done which he made were righte good, and so then make and peynte the Trinitie ynages. they were, and yet they are and shall be good, For great mouing deuocion men, and worshipful in their kynde ; and therefore haue and to behold the Trinitie and other to the ende that God made them to, they are ymages seyntes caruyd, caste, and peynted;
preisable and worshipfull, and specially for beyonde the sea are the beste peynters that man, that was made after the Ymage and like euer saw. And, syrs, tell you this their
messe God, full worshipfull his kynde this holy Ymage, that man, God worship peth; and herefore euery inan shuld worshippe
maner, and goode maner.
ymage makers hall kerue, caste peynte ony images, shall
Whan that moulde, prieste,
other kynde,and also for heauenly vertues and shryue him clene
that men use charitably. Also say, woode,
tynne, gold, syluer, any other mater that
Yimages are made of, all these creatures are
worshipfull their kyude, and the ende that
God made them for but the keruyng, castyng, nor peyntyng ony Ymagery made with
mannes handc, all behit that this doing be ac cepte man hyest state and dignitie, and ordened of them them be kalendar
sholde than dye and take penaunce, and make some certeyn vow fastyng praiynge, pilgrimages
leude men, that nother can nor will learned know God his worde, nother
ony other peynters, vnderstode truely the texte Moses, Dauid, the wise man, Baruch, and other seyntes and doctours, these peynters should moued shryue then
God wyth full inwarde sorowe harte, tak ynge vpon them doo right sharpe penaunce for the synfull and vayne crafte peyntinge, karuynge castinge that they had vsed, pro mising God seithfully neuer aster, knowleging openly before men theyr re prouable earning. And also, syr, thes priestes that shriue (as say) peinters, and injoine
his creatures, nor hys wonderfull and di uers workinges: yet this Yinagery ought not
worshipped the forme nor the likenesse mannes crafte: neuertheless that euery mat ter that peinters peynte with, syns Gods
creature, ought worshipped the kynde, and the ende that God made and ordened
to serue man.
Than the Archebishop said well that body oweth
them promysyng
penaunce,and praye for theire spede,
them helpe their prayers for their synfull craftes, synne herein
me, graunte worshippe
curious
any socile Yinages for them selfe; but cru more greuously than the peynters: for thes
cityse ought worshipped for the passion priestes do comforte and gyue then counsell
Christe that brought ther thorow thus the mages
peynted therein, and that thynge, which great peyne, under mannes mynde and the peyne Goddes curse, they sholde voterly the blessed Trinitie, and forbydde them. For certis, syr, the wonder
doinge, praiyng the prieste specially praye
for hym, that may haue grace faire and deuoute yimage. ”—And doute not thes peynters that
make said, Syr,
speake or,
Y
to
of
so to
to bybe
:
yf
totoorgo to be
:
of
it
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ye
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ofit to
all he toofIofto
doofof yeIof it in he
to to in in is yesotoatoit in
:
is an of:
to to of Ia to of all of orto
* 37J STATE TRIALS, 8 IIENRY IV. 1807–31aster William Thorpe, for resy. [193
foll werking God, and the holy iyuynge and London, our Lady Walsingham, and many
teachynge Christe, and his apostles and other duerse places England, many great
Prophetes, were inade knowen the people and preisable miracles done: shulde not the holy lyuynge, and true and besy teachynge Ymagis soche holy seyntis and placis, priestes; these thynges (syr) were sufficient the reuerence God and our Lady, and other
bokes and kalendares nowe God and seyntis, more worshippid than other placis his sayntes, without ony yimages made with and ymages wher soche miracles done
mannes hond: but certis the vicious lyuynge —And said, Sir, ther no soche vertue
of priestes, and their couetousnesse, are chete
cause this errour, and other viciousnesse that reigneth among the people.
Than the Archet,ishop said unto me, holde the vicious priest and acurste, and them that are thy secte; for priestes holy Chirche, and yimages that moue men
deuocion, thou and soche other about
destroy. Losell, ware feire thing come vertue yīnagery made with mannis hande, into Chirche, and see therein none Ymage and herefor body sholde vowe them, nor And said, Syr, they that come the Chyrch
for pray deuoutly the Lorde God, may
their inwarde wittes the more feruent, that
all their outwarde wittes be closed fro all out for the most worthy soche yanagis, the ward feynge and hearing, and fro distro brasen serpente Moyses made Goddis blaunce and lettingis. And syns Christe blessed bidding, the goode kyng Ezechie destroied wor then that saw him not bodely, and haue be thily and thankefully, for bycause
leuyd feithfully hym; sufficeth than
men, thorow hearing and knowing Goddis
worde, and doo there after, for beleue
God, though they see neuer ymagis made with
mannis hande, after ony person the Trinitie, how they speake and write miracles that
said losell,
say the, make and
ony other seynte. --And the Archebishop
me with feruent spyrite, that right well done
nankynde, likenesse Trinitie was shewid men said was not than lefull but now say, syns Christe
lefull make and haue
ynage the Trinitie,
not stiering thinge beholde
haue
thou
soche ynage *-And said, Sir, said right now, that the olde lawe, Christetoke
the Trinite, and also otherseyntis. But, syr,
this thing wolde learne you, syns the Father
said, “The sinagogue Jucs hadde not au thorite approue thes thingis, the Chirche Christe hathe nowe. —And said, Sir, seint Gregory was great man the newe lawe, and
peyntid and she wid, sufficeth them thint membres holy Chirche; but syns thou
art rotten membre, cutt away from holy
what saist
ony person the wherefore, sir,
haue yimagis; becomen man,
ymage
Heuen, and euery person the Trinite
was without beginnyng God Almighty, and
many holy prophetis that wer dedely men wer
martiresed violently the olde lawé, and also sir, syns the Father Hicuen that God many men and women than died holy confes his Godhead, the moste unknowen thing that *ours: why was not than lefull and ne may be, and the moste wonderfull spyrit, hauy
cessarie now have made yimage the
Father Heuen, and haue made and hadde
other ymagis marties, prophetis, and holy
confessours, haue ben kalendaris aduise
men, and move them deuocion, say
that ymagis now doo —And the Archebishop ymagis the Trinitic, and other ymagis
Chirche, thou fauercist not the ordinaunce great dignitie: and the common lawe wit thereof. But syns the dayc passith, leaue we
nessith, commendid greatly bishop, that this matter. ’
forbadde terly the yimagis made with man And than he said me: “What saist thou
uis hande, sholde worshipped.
And the Archebishop said, ‘Vngracious lo
sell, thou fauerist no more trewthe than an bounde, syns the roode the northe dore
the Thirde Poynte that certificq against the, preching openly Shrewistury, that pil grimage not left:12 And ouer, this thou saidist, that those inch and woulen that
ony ymagery, that ony yimagis sholde herefore
worshipped wherefore am certein, that
ther miracle done God ony place erthe, because that ony ynagis made with mannis hande sholde worshippid. And here
fore, Sir, preached openly Shrewisbury and other placis, say now here before you, that body sholde truste that ther war ony
scake them, nor kncle them, nor bow theim, nor pray them, nor offer any thinge them, nor kysse them, nor cncense them:
we's en goode hede
Seynt Au Seynt John
shall done now the last ende the worlde, dreade, that for the vinteithfulnesse
men and women, the Fende hath great power for worke mauy the miracles that now done soche placis: for bothe men and women delyte now more for heare and knowe mi racles, than they knowe Goddis worde,
hear effectuously. Wherfore the great confusion them that thus doo, Christe saith, “The gnacion adulterers re quireth tokyns, miracles and wonders. ' Neuer thelesse diucrse scyntis say, now whan the feithe God published Christendome, the worde of God sufficeth mannis saluacion without soche miracles; and thus also the worde of God sufficeth all teithfull men and women, without ony soche yimagis. But, goode
censed. Therefore, sir, men take the writing and the lerning
gustine, Seynt Gregory, and
Chrisostome, and otherseyntis and doctours,
ing shape likenesse ony members ony dedely creature; what likenesse
what ymage may God the Father shewide peintyd –And the Archebishop said, “As
holy Chirche hath sufferid and yet sufferith the
at
to
of toit to
I in
of all
at
all
at
‘I toarbeorof orittoto inbe
go ou
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it? to toIa
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of
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in beis. at ar
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ar of to ino'
to in all
in o'
to ofall
199] STATE TRIALS, 8 IIENny IV. 1407. -Trial and Eramination of (Zoo
ilgrimagis to Canterbery, to Beuerley, to Kar and how laborious and joiful they wer sowe
and plante vertues. Thes heuenly condi cions and soche other haue the pilgremis, en deuer them for haue, whose pilgrimagie God acceptith. And ageyne saide, their werkis shew the moste part men and women that
F.
to Walsinghame, and to ony soche other placis, ar accursed, and made foolisch,
spending their goodes in waste. "—And I said,
sir, by this Certificacion I am accused to you,
that I sholde teache that no pilgrimage is lefull.
T}ut I said neuer thus: for I knowe that ther now pilgrimagis have not thes forsaid con
be trew Pilgrimagis, and lefull and full plesaunt
to God: and therefore, sir, how so euer myne
enemies haue certifica you of me, I tolde at
Shrewisbury of two maner of pilgrimagis. -And
the Archei, shop said to me, “whom callest thou
trewe pilgrimes ' And I said, Sir, with my Pro
testacion I call them trewe pilgremis träuelyn
toward the blisse of Heuen, which in the state,
degree or ordre that God calleth them, doo besy
them seithfully for to occupie their wittes bo
dely and gostely, knowe trewly and keape
feithfully the biddinges God, hatyng and
fleyng the seuen dedely synncs, and euery bodies than their soules, more for haue braunche them, reulying them verteuously richesse and prosperitie thys worlde, than (as said before) with their wittes, doyng for enryched withovertues their souls, discretely, wilfully and gladly the werkis more have here worldely and fleschely friend mercy bodely and gostely after their connyng ship, than for have friendship God and and power, ablying them the gyftes the his seintes Heuen. For whatsoeuer thing IHoly Goste, disposing them receyue their man woman dothe, the friendship God, toules, and holde therin the right blessinges nor ony other seynte, cannot hadde
ditions, nor loueth besy them feithfully for have. I’or well know, syns have full ofte assaide, examyne whosoever will twentie
thes pilgrimis, and shall not fynde thre men women that knowe surely commaund ment God, nor can say their Pater-noster and Ave-maria, nor their Credo redely ony maner language. And have learnid and also know somewhat experience thes same pilgrimis, tellyng the cause why that many men and women hither and thither now pilgrimages, more for the helthe their
Christe, beseyng them knowe and képe without keeping Goddis commaundementis. the seuene principall vertues; and than they Forther with my protestacion say now
shall obteyne here thorow grace for use said Shrewisbury, though they that haue thankfully God the condicions cha fleschely willes trauell fer their bodies, and ritie, and than they shall moouyd with the spendemekill money seake and visite the good spirite God for examyne ofte and bonys ymagis (as they say they do) this diligently their conscience, that nother wilfully seynte that soche Is no
hauyng continually (as frailte will suffer) seinte God: syns effect soche pilgrimes their besinesse drede and flee the offence despise God and his commaundmentis and
God, and looue ouer thing, and seke seyitis. For the commaundmentis God they euer sloo pleasaunt will. these pil will nother knowe nor keape, nor conforme gremis said, what ever goode thought that them lyue verteuously example Christe they ony tyine thinke, what verteuous worde and his seyntis. Wherefore syr, haue pre that they speake, and what fruitefull worke that chid and taucht openly, and purpose
they worke, euery soche thoughte, worde and my lyfe time with Gods helpe, saying that
ful God nor ony nor wittingly they erre ony article beleue, ther praisable nor thank
werke steppe noumbered God toward hym into ileuene. Thes forsaid pilgremis God delyte sore whan they heare seyntis
soche fond people wast blamefully Gods goods ther veyne pilgrimagis, spending their goodes upon vicious hostelers, which ofte vncleme verieuous men and women, how they forsoke women their bodies; and the leste those
wilfully the prosperity this lyfe, how they goodes with the which thei shoulde doo werkis
withstode the suggestion the Fende, how they restreined their fieschly lustes; how discrete they wer their penaunce doyng; how patient they wer their adversites, how prudent they wer counceling men and women, moouyug them hate synne, and flye
them, and shame euer greatly thereof, and love vertucs, and draw them, yma
ginyng how Christe and folowers example hym, suffered skornis and sclaunders, and
mercie after Goddis bidding poore medy men and women. Thes poor mennis goodes and their lyuelode thes runners about offer riche priestis, which have mekill more lyuelode than they neade; and thus those goodes they waste wilfully, and speude theim vnjustely ageinst Goddis bidding upon straungers, with which they sholde helpe and releue after God dis will their poor medy neighbours home: and ouer this foly, ofte tymes diuerse men and
how paciently they abode and toke the wrong women thes runners thus madly hither and
full manasyng tyrauntis, how homely they wer and serusable poore men, relieue and comforte them bodely and gostely after their power and connyng, and how deuote they wer
praiers, how feruent they wer heuenly de
syres, and how they absented them fro specta cles veyne seyngis, and hearingis, and how
stable they were lett and destroye vices,
thither pilgrimage borowe hereto other mennis goodes, and sometyme they stele mennis goodes hereto, and they pay them neuer agein. Also sir, know well that whan diuerse men and women will thus after their own willes, and fynding out one pilgrimage, they will orden with them before haue with then
both men and women that can well syng wan
to
of to histo all
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it is
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as
201] STATE TRIAis, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. -Master Hilliam Thorpe, for Iseresy. [202
ton songes, and some other pilgremis will haue ony sermonne. ' But said, Sir, lusty men with them bagge pipes; so that euery towne and worldly louers delyte and couet, and tra they come throwe, what with the noyse of their uell haue their witts quickened and synging, and with the sounde of their piping,
and with the jangelyng of their Canterbury bellis, and with the barkyng out of doggis after them, that they make more noise than if the kyng came there awaye with his clarions,
sharpened with diuerse sensible solace but all the feithfull louers and lowers of Christe haue
and many other menstrelles. And these
men and women moneth their pilgri him thing, quyckeneth and sharpeneth
mage, many them shall halfyear after great jangelers, tale-tellers and lyers.
And the Archebishop said me, ‘Leude losell, thou seest not ferreyhough this mater, for thou considerest not the great trauell pilgremys, therfore thou blamest that thing that
praisable. say the that right well done, that pilgremys haue with them both syngers, and also pipers, that whan one them that goeth barfote striketh his too upon stone and hurteth hym sore, and maketh hym
blede well done that he his felow
begyn than songe, else take out his bo
some bagge-pype for driue away with
soche myrthe the hurte his felow. For
with soche solace the trauell and werinesse off
pylgremes lightely and merily broughte
forthe. "—And said, ‘Sir, seynte Paule teach title tythes And said, ‘Sir, named ther eth men wepe with them that wepe. ” And no worde tithes my preaching. But, the abp. said, ‘What janglist thou ageinst more than moneth after that was arreasted mennis deuocion what soeuer thov soch there prysone, man came me the other say, say that the pilgrimage that now pryson askynge me what sayde tythes. used, them that doo praysable and And saide him, Sir, this towne are many fo. meane come the rather grace. But clerkes and priestes, which some are called
holde the unable know this grace; for religious men, though many them secu
their delyte heare Goddis worde, and vnderstond truely, and worke therafter faithfully and continually. For doute
dreade offende God, and loue please
the wittes Christes chosen people and ableth them grace, that they joye greatly
withdrawe their eares, and all their wittes and membres frome worldly delyte, and from fleschly solace for sewnt Jerome (as thinke) saith, “No body may joye with this worlde, and reigne with Christe. ' And the abp. (as had been displeased with myne answere) said his clerkes, ‘What gesse
this ydiote will speake there, wher hath none dreade, syns speaketh thus nowe here
my presence Well, well,
ordened for. ” And than spake me all
angerly.
What saist thou this Forthe Pointe, that
God thou shalt
thou enforsest the lett the deuocion of the lers, therefore aske
them this question. me, sir, our prelates say, pay our tythes all
people: syns authoritie holy scripture men maye lefully have and use soche solace thou reprouest. For Dauid his laste psalme teacheth me haue diuerse instru mentes music for praise therwith God. '
doctours expounding the psalmes Dauid,
the musike and menstrelcy that Dauid and otherseyntes the olde lawe spake owe
now nother taken nor used the letter, but thes instruments with their musike ought interpreted gostely for those figures
And this man saide that we also obliged
And saide, Sir, the sentence diuerse
thinges that renewe us; and that they acursed, that withdrawe ony part wittingly fro them their tythes. And said, sir, that man, with my protestacyon say now here before you, that hadde wonder that ony prieste dare sav, men acursed without grounde Goddis worde. And the man said, sir, our priestes say that they curse men thus
authoritie Goddes law. And sayde, sir, know not wher this sentence cursing
are called vertues and graces, with which ver authorited now the Bible. And therfore, tues men sholde please God and praise his syr, pray you that will aske the moste name. For saynt Paul saith, All soch thynges conning clerke this Towne, that may befell them figure. Therefore sir, un knowe where this sentence cursyng them that derstaund that the letter this psalme Da tvthe not now written Goddes lawe for uid, and soche other psalmes and sentences, were written there, wolde right gladly
dothe slee them that take them now letterally, learned where. But shortely this man wolde This sentence understond syr, Christ ap not from me, aske this question ano proueth himself, putting out the menstrelles, ther body; but required me there, wolde
that wolde quycken the deade damsell. answere before God, this case the cursing And the abp. said me, “Leude losell priestes wer lauful and approued God. not lefull haue organes the chirche And shortely herewith came my mynde the for worship therwithall God? " And said, learnyng sevnt Peter, teaching priestes espe "Ye, syr, mannis ordynaunce, but the or cially halow the Lord Christ their hartes: dinaunce God, goode sermonne the beinge euermore redye (as ferre
them peoples understondyng were mekill more ple answere thorowe faith and hope them saunt God. ' And the abp. sayde, ‘that that aske them reason. And this lesson
organes and good delectable songe quykened Peter teacheth men use with meke spyrit, and sharpened more mennys witts than sholde and with dreade the Lord. Wherefore, syr,
certified against the, preching openly and boldely Shrewisbury, that priestes haue
to
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*
203] STATE TRIALS, HENRY IV. 1407. --Trial and Eramination [204
I said to this man in this wise: In the old many priestes contrary Paule,
this for lawe which endyd not fully till the tyme that sayde doctrine: Paul biddeth the people take Christe rose up ageyn fro dethe to lyse, God hede those preystes that follow him had commaunded tythes to be gunen to the Leuites, geuen then example. As Paul wolde say for the great besynesse dayly trauell that per thus the people, Accept none other
tayned to their office. But priestes, because priestes than thei that lyue after this fourme their trauell was mekyll more easy and light, that haue tauchte you. For certeyn what
than was the office of the Leuites, God ordeyn
cd that priestes should take for their lifelode to
do their office, the tenth part of tho tythes that
wergiuen to the Leuites. But maw (I said) in
the newe lawe nother Christe, nor ony of his apostles tooke tythes of the people nor com
maunded the people to pay tythes nother to
priestes, nor to deacons. But Christe taught
the people to do almesse, that is werkes of gustine, Gregory, Chrysostome, and Lincoln,
mercy, to poor nedy men, of surpluse, that is
superfluouse of their temporal goodes, which
they hadde more than them nedia reasonably to
their necessary lyuelode. And thus (I said)
plainly.
And the Archebishop said me, “Thinkest
thou this holsome learninge sowe openly yet priuely among the people Certeyn this
not of tythes, but of pure almesse of the people doctryne contrarieth playnly the ordinatince
Christe lyued and his apostles, whan they were holy Fathers, which haue ordened, graunted
their handes for to get their lyuelode, whan syly and truely the word God example that they myght thus doo for besye preach Christ, and his apostles, withouten tythes, ynge. Therefore by example of hymselfe Seynt offerynges, and other dewties that now chalenge Paule teacheth the priestes Christe for and take, the people wolde gyue them freely
trauell with theire hande, whan for besye sufficientlyuelode.
teaching the people they myght thus do. And Clerke said me, ‘IIow wilt thou
§.
so besye in teachynge off the worde of God to and licensed priestes diuerse degres, the people, that they might not trauell other and lyue tythes and offringes the people, wyse for to gett their lyuelode. But aster and other deuties. ”—And said, Syr,
priestes
receyued the Holy Goste, they traucled with nombre, and lyued vertuously, and taucht be
soeuer dignitie ordre that ony prieste conforme him folowe Christe and his apostles wilful pouerte, and other neuenly
vertues, and specially true preachynge
Goddes worde; though soche one named prieste, yet more but prieste
name, for the worke very prieste soch
one wanteth. This sentence approueth Au
ascension, apostles and whan the
had
were now mesurable mesure and
And thus these priests whose priestehode God accepteth nowe, will accepte dyd the apostles tyme, and after their decease, will do the worldes ende. But (as Cisterciensis telleth) the thousande year oure Lorde
make this good that the people will gyue frely priestes their lyuelode, syns that now the lawe euery prieste can scarcely constrayne the
people gyue them their lyuelode *—And
said, Sir, now wonder, though the peo Jesu Christe, two hundreth and leucoth yere, ple grudge gyue priestes the lyuelode that
one pope the tenth Gregory ordened new tythes first gyuen priestos now the
they aske; for mekill people knowe now how
that priestes shulde lyue, and how that they lyue contrary Christe and his apostles:
newe lawe. But Seynt Paule his tyme,
whose trace example priestes God en and therefore the people full heuy paye force them folow, seyng the coueotusnesse (as they do) their temporall goodes persones,
that was among the people, desyrynge de and other vicares and priestes, which sholde stroye this foule synne thorow the grace feithfull dispensatours the pareshes goodes,
God and the true vertuouse lyuynge exam taking themselves more but scarce ly ple himselfe, wrotte and taught priestes uing tythes nor offrynges the ordi for solowe him folowed Christe paci naunce of the comon lawe. For whatsoeuer
ently, willingly, and gladly hys Pouerte. Wherefore Paule saithe thus, the Lorde hath or dened that they that preache the Gospell shall lyue the Gospell. But we (saith Paul) that couet and besy feithfull solowers Christ, vse not this power. For (as Paul
witnesseth afterwarde) whan was full pore and medy preaching among the people,
priestes take the people, tythe
fering, any other deutie seruyce, the priestes ought not haue thereof no more but
bare lyuing, and parte the residew the poore men and women specially the pa rishe, whom they take this temporal lyuynge. But the most dele priestes nowe wasteth their pareshes goodes, and spendeth then
was not chargeous vmto them, but with his their owne will after the worlde their veyne handes traueled not only get his owne lustes, that few places poore men haue lyuynge, but also the lyuyng other poore dewly (as they sholde haue) their owne suste and medy creatures. And syns the people naunce, nother tythes nor offerynges, nor was never couetouse nor auarose other large wages and foundations that gesse) thei are now, were good counsell, priestes take the people diucree maners that priestes take good hede this he aboue that they mede for nedeful sustenaunce uenly learnyng Paul, folowing him here, meat and clothinge. But the poore medy wilfull pouerte, nothing charging the people people forsaken, and left priestis sus for their bodely lyuelode. But because that teinyd the paroshenis the priestis toke
ofar it,
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203] STATE TRIALS, S HENRY IV. 1407. —JIaster William Thorpe, for Heresy. [200
nothing of the paroshenis, for to help the poor doctour thinke that Seynt Jerome) that people with. And thus, syr, into ouer great saith thus, The priestis that chalenge now chargis of the paroshenis they pay their tem the new lawe tythes, say effecte, that poral goods twice, wher ones myght suffice, if Christe not becomen man, nor that he hath priest is wer trew dispensatours. Also sir, the
paroshenis that pay ther temporal goodes (be
tohey tythes or offeringes) to priestis that doo
not their office among them justely, are parte
ners of euery synne of those priestis ; because that they susteyne those priestis soly in their
with their temporall goods. Yf these
ings considerid,
be well what wonder is it
than, syr, if the paroshenis grudge ageinst thes dispensatours ?
Than the Archebishop said to me, “Thou that shouldest be judged and reulyd by holy chirche, presumptuously thou demest holy
yet suffered dethe for mannis loue. Wherfore this doctour saith thys sentence, Syns tythes
chirche to haue erryd in the ordinaunce of this doctour saith) priestis take now tythes tythes and other dewties to be payd to pristis. wrongfully. -
It shall be long or thou thryue losell, that thou And the Archebishop said his clerkes, despicest thy gostely mother, how darist thou ‘Herde euer losell speake thus? Certeyn speake this losell among the people Ar not this the learnyng them all, that wher
tythes geuyn to pristis for to lyue by ? '—And I
said, Sir, Seynt Paul saith that tythes wer gyuen
in the old lawe to Leuites and to the priestis,
that came of the lynage of Leui; but our takyūg Tythes, and soche other dewties to. he saith came not of the lynage of Leui, that priestes chalenge now wrongfully, the fre
were the hyres and wagislimyted Leuites
and priestes the olde lawe for bearing about the tabernacle, and for sleayng and
fleayng beastis, and for burning sacrifice, and keeping the temple, and for tromp
ing
Israel, battell before the oste and
other diucrse obseruauncis that
their office; those priestis that will chalenge take tythes, denye that Christe comen fleshe, and doo the priestis office the old lawe for whome tythes were graunted; for (as
ever they come, and they may suffered, they
enforce them expunge the freedome Holy Chirche. "—And said, Sir, why call you the
|.
to
lynage Juda; Holy
ut of the of
tythes were promised to be geuyn. And ther nor apostles chalengid nor tooke soche dew
said aboue, euery prieste whose priesthode
priestes? ' And said, Sir, what euer men women, lordis ladies, ony other that present our preaching specially, our
communyng, after our connyng we tell out them their office and their charges, but syr, syns Chrisostome saith, that priestis the
Christe approuyth knowith well, and confessith worde and werke, that disciple owith
not aboue his master; but sufficeth disciple master, symple and pure, meke and patient; and example specially his master Christe, euery priest should reule
stomake the people, needfull ing and also communyng,
preach most besy
hym his lyuynge, and after connyng and power prieste sholde besy him en
fourine, and reule whome soeuer myght charitably.
about this priesthode, syns the viciousnes priestis both lordis and commons moste syn fully infected and ledde into the worste: And because that the couetousness priestis, and
to which Juda no dome Chirche syns nother Christe
fore Paul saith, syns the priesthode is chaunged
from the generacion of Leui to the generacion
of Juda, it is necessary that chaungyng also be
ruade of the lawe. So that priestis lyue now
without tythes and other dewties that they now
claime, folowinge Christe and his apostles in Archebishop said me, ‘Why losell wilt not wilfull pouertie, as they haue geuyn them exam thou and other that confedered with the, ple. For syns Christe lyued the tyme his seake out Holy Scripture, and the sen preaching pure almes the people, and tence doctours, sharp authorities ageinst example hym his apostles lyued the same lordis, and knyghtis, and squyeris, and ageinst wyse, els the trauell their handis, other seculer men, thou doeste ageinst
And the Archebishop said me with great
spy rite, “Goddis curse haue thou and myne pride and the boste that they haue and make
for this teaching; for thou woldist hereby make
the olde law more and perfect than the new lawe. For thou saist that lefull Levites
and priestis take tythes the old lawe,
their dignity and power, destroieth not only
the vertues priesthode priestis themselfe,
but also ouer this, stiereth God take greate vengeaunce both upon lordis and comons, which suffer thes priestes charitably.
And the Archebishop said me, “Thou judgest euery prieste proude that will not
arayed thou doste. God demne hym
more meke that goeth euery day
scarlet gowne, than thou that threde bard blew gowne. Whereby knowest thou proude mam o'—And said, Sir, proude prieste may
knowen when denyeth folowe Christe and apostles wilfull pouerte and other
and priestis
enjoye their privilegies; but
the new lawe thou saist not
take tythes: and thus thou geuiest
lefull
Leuites of the olde lawe more fredome than
priest the new lawe. ”—And said, Sir, nervell that vnderstonde this playne text Paul thus. Ye wole well, that the Leuites and priests the olde lawe that tooke tythes, wer
not fre nor persite Christe and apos tles that tooke tythes. And sir, there
ties. Herefore thes takyngis priestis now not callydjustely the fredome Holy Chirche; but soche geuyng and takyng ought
called and holden the sclaunderous couetous nesse men the Holy Chirche. —And the
no
a
so ye to to be as
in
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2011 STATE TRIALs, s Hosny 1407. -Trial and Eramination (20s
vertues, and couetith worldly worship, and owght sweare only God, takyng him onely
taketh gladly, and gatherith gither with
pletyng, manasyng, with flattering, with
simony ony worldly goodes: and moste
prieste besy hym not chefely himself, and
after other men and women, after his
connyng and power withstond synne. —And booke and kysse saying, “So heple me God the Archebishop said me, “Though thou
knewest prieste haue thes vices, and
though sawest prieste louely lye now
woman, knowing hir fleschly; woldest thou
herfore deme this prieste dampnable say
the, that the tournyng about thy hande unlawfull thyng, should obey thereto?
that sothefastenesse, for witnesse the Sothe fastenesse.
And than Clerke asked me wer not le? full subjecte the bidding his prelate
for knele down and touche the holy gospell
synner may verily repented. ’—And And the Archebishop said me, “A sub said, Sir, will not dampne any man for any jecte ought not suppose that this prelate will
soche
synne that knowe done that the synner leueth
may done, synne. But
bidde him doo unlaufull thing; for subject ought thinke, that his prelate will bidde hym
doo nothing but that will answere for before God that lefull; and than though the bid
thoritie openly
that synneth thus dampnable for doying synne, and inost especially prieste
unlesul, the subject hath
syns that thinketh and euer thing his prelate bid
holy Scripture, yeshew here,
sacle
that sholde example and slie synne; and euer say that soche
ding the prelate parell fulfill how short tyme that judgeth that what
synner may re
Fo
lefull hym for doo it. "
oweth not hym that knoweth not synnyng judged verily repentaunt,
deth him doo, that
And said, Sir, truste not hereto. But
other for hate
and his holy Dome;’ for sholde after his connyng and power thyng that his prelate commaundeth hym. —And said them, “Sirs,
speke here full generally largely: What prelate commaunded his subjecte doo an
Sir,
without open enidence greate shame and harty sorow for his synne. For whosoeuer, and
specially prieste that vseth pride, enuy, coue tousnes, lechery, simony, ony other vices; and she with not opyn euidence repen
tell you that was
taunce casion synne
hath gyuen euyll example and oc synning, contynew ony soche long may, likely that synne
leaneth hym, and not synne; and vn and his charge his understondinge were
derstonde, soche one synneth unto dethe, for
whome body oweth pray, Seynt John saith. -And Clerke said than the Arche
bishop, ‘Sir, the lenger that appose him,
besy you is: for
unlefull wolde hastely withdrawe his hande from the booke: and perceiued his charge lefull, wolde holde still his hande upon
the booke, takyng there only God witnesse, that wolde fulfill that lefull charge after his power. And the master diuinitie said than
hym thus, Certeyn that leyeth his hande
upon booke this wyse, and makyth there
the worse is; and the more that amende him, the waiwarder shrewde kynde, that
shamyth not onely hymself soule neste, but without
shame he besieth him make his neste fouler. ”
And the Archebishop said his clerke, ‘Suffer ed, obliged there booke othe than fulfill
while, for am an ende with him for charge. For doute that chargeth hym
there one other poynte certified ageynst hym, and will heare what he saith thereto. ” -
And than he said me, Lo here certified ageinst the, that thou preachidst openly
lay his hande thus upon booke towching the booke and swearing and kyssing
promisying this fourme doo this thyng
that, will say and witnesse that that towcheth
thus booke and kysseth hath sworne upon that booke and all other men that see that
man thus doo, and also tho that heare hereof the same wyse, will saye and witnesse, that
thys man hath sworne upon boke: wherfore the master diuinite sayde, was not lefull nother gyue nor take ony soche charge
Shrewisbury, that ony case. "——And
neuer openly, nor
wise ony place.
Shrewisbury with my protestacion say you now here; that the authoritic the Gospel and Seynt Jaines, and witnesse diuerse Seyntis and doctours, haue preachid openly one place other, that not lefull ony case sweare ony creature. And ouer this, sir, haue also preachid and tauchte the forsaid authorities, that body sholde sweare
ony case; that without othe ony wyse that charged sweare myght cycuse hym
them that haue power compell hym sweare lefull thyng and laufull. But man may not excuse hym without othe them that haue power compell hym sweare, than
not lefull sweare said, Sir, preached
haue not tauchte this But sir, preachid
our firste purpose,
onys gentill mannis house, and there war than two Clerkes there, master of diuinite, and man lawe, which man lawe was also communing diuinite; and among other thinges thes men spake othes, and the man lawe said, At the bidding his souereign which hadde power charge hym sweare, wold lay hand upon booke, and heare his charge:
promosse doo that thing that commaund
upon boke, euery boke
dinersecreatures whiche fore sweare upon boke, creatures, and this swearinge
nothing els but
made There sweare
euer unlefull. This sentence witnesseth Chrisostome, plainly blaming them greatly that bring forthe boke
for sweare upon, charginge Clerkes that wise they constrayne ony body sweare,
whether they think man sweare true, false. —And the Archebishop and his Clerkes scorned me, and blamyd me greatly for this
to if to
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TRIALS, o, Thorpe, 209] STATE 8 HENRY IV. 1407. —Master William
Than the Archebishop badde a Clercke rede bishop said “Ye. ' And sayde, Yf Chrisos the Homely of Chrisostome, which homely thys tome proueth hym woorthy great blame that clerke helde in his hande written in a Roll, bryngeth forthe boke swere npou, muste which rolle the archebishope caused to be nedes folowe that he more blame that taken fro my felow at Canterbury; and so sweareth on that boke. And the Archebishop than this clerke redde this Roll till he came to said, ‘Yf Chrysostome
a clause, wher Chrisostome saithe, that it is the ordinaunce holy chirche, we will ac
saiyng. And the Archebishop manassed mc boke, and sweare
with great punishement and except I Archebishop said, “There no master diui lefte this opinion of swearinge. And I saide, nitie Englond great, that hold this Sir, this is not myne opinion, but it is the opinion opinion before me, but shall punishe him
of Christe our Sauyour, and of Seynt Jamis and shall the, except thou sweare shall of Chrisostome, and other diuerse Seyntes and charge the. ’ And said, Sir, not Chrisos doctours. tome ententyfe doctour? And the Arche
accordingly (Malueren, as I gesse) said to the Archebishop, And than said Clerke me, ‘Ys not the
synne to sweare well. And than a clerke cepte him. ’
* Sir, I pray you wete of him, how that he vil worde derstondeth Chrisostome here, saing it to be that
Than
God and God himself equipollent, one authorite And saide, Ye. said me, ‘Why wilt thou not swere
synne to swere well. ’–And so the Archebishop asked me how I vnderstode here Chrisostome.
the gospell God, that one sweare
answere hereto, for I had not besyed me to God, and
Gods worde,
the worde And said,
study
my mynde to God, I prayed him of grace. leued but swearynge, perceyue (as Augus
than And certeyne I was somewhat afraide to syns
God himselfe
may not nowe otherwyse be
thereof;
lysting up Sir, syns
i.
his Apostles, ‘Whan for my name ye shall be shold my brothern sholde not beleue ine:
about the sense
but
And as faste as I thought
Christe said to tine saithe) that not spedefull that that
ment
Heresy.
for [210
boke And the
“brought before Judges, I shall gyue into your therefore am redy the worde
mouth wisdome, that your aduersearyes shall the Lorde commaunded me
not ageynst saye ;' and trusting feithfully in the sweare.
—Than the Clerke said
worde of Gode, I said, Sir, I know well that than thyne hande upon the boke, touching the many men and women haue now swearing so in Holy Gospell God, and take thy charge. ” custome, that thei know not nor will not knowe And said, Sir, vnderstonde that the hol that they do euell for to sweare as they do ; gospell God Inay not touched wit
that they sweare vntruely. For they saye, they this Clerke, whether wer more reade the may by their swearing (though it be false) voide gospell, touche the gospell. And said, blame or temporall harme, which they sholde was more reade the gospell.
haue yf they sweare not thus. And, Sir, many Than said, Sir, authorite Seynt Je men and women maynteyne strongly that they rome the gospell not the gospell for reding sweare well, whan that thing is sothe that they of the letter; but for the beleue that men sweare for. Also full many men and women haue the worde God, that the gospell now say, that it is well done to swear by crea that we beleue, and not the letter that we tures, whan they may not (as they saye) other rede: for because the letter that touched wise he beleued. And also full many men and with mannes hande not the gospell, but the women now say, that it is well done to sweare sentence that verely beleued mannis hart
by God, and by our Ladye, and by other the gospell. For Seynt Jerome saith, the seyntes, for to haue them in mynde. But syns gospell that the vertue Goddes worde
all these saiynges are but excusations and synne, not the leauys the boke, but the root me thinketh, sir, that this sentence of Chrisos reason. Nother the gospell (he saith)
tome may be alleged welle ageinste soch the writing aboue the letters; but the gos swerers, witnessing that thes synne greuous pell the marking the sentence scrip ly, though they thinke themself for swear tures. This sentence approueth Seynt Paule, this forsaid wyse well. For euyll done and saiynge thus, the kingdome God not great synne for sweare-trewthe, whan ony worde, but vertue. And after Dauid saith,
manner man may excuse him without othe. the voice the Lorde, that his worde,
And the Archebishop said, that Chrisostome vertue. And after l)auid saith, thorow the might thus vnderstonde. And than Clerke worde God, the Heauens were fourmed, and
said me, ‘Wilt thou tarye my lorde the spirite his mouth the vertue lenger, but submit the here mekely the ordi them. And pray you, syr, understonde
but they thinke and say that they do well for mannes hande. And the Clerke saide, fond to sweare as they do, though they know well ed, and that sayde not trewthe. And asked
the spirite the the vertue angells
me, “Thou woldest
saye
that soche case all one touche And sayde, Syr, though men use save thus, Vol.
naunce holy chirche, and laye thyne hande well how Dauid saith, that upon booke touching the holy gospell God, mouthe the Lorde promysinge not onely with thyne mouth, but also and of men
with thyne harte stande my lordes ordi And the Clerke said
naunce And said, Sir, hane
Y.
make fonde with thee:
you
here, how that herde master diuinitie say the gospellis are written the masse-boke”
told
we not that
God, (as
his worde) me, “Laye
I.
in a to
f’ of a
aII to to
it a is
all
to
to
to
all
to of
it is
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P I is us of of in
in
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it
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of
it in it
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to
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to
isa
Iso
2[1] STATE TRIALS, 8 IIENRY IV. I 107. —Trial and Examination of [212
yet it is unpersyte speche. For the principall
sene here, nor touched with ony sensible thing, properly man. And the vertue
tree the roote thereof, that maye not be sene; for awaye the roote, and the tree destroyed. And, syr, sayde me right nowe, God and hys worde are one
authoritie; and, syr, Seynte Jerome witnesseth
that Christe, very Godde and very man,
hidde the letter his lawe; thus also, syr, the gospell hidde the letter. For, syr, full likely many diuerse men and women here the erthe touched Christe, and sawe
hym and knewe his bodeley persone, which
nother touched nor sawe, nor knewe ghostely his Godhede; right thus, syr, many men now
touche and see, and write and rede the scrip
thus, said this clerke, Sir, pray you that
will reherse nowe here before you all, and before hym.
And (as gesse) the Archebishop said than me, “They that are nowe here suffyse re
pete them how saidest thou him And said, Sir, that man came and asked me of di uerse thinges; and after his askynge answered hym (as vnderstoode) that goode was and
shewed me his wordes, was sory his lyuynge courte, and right heny
for his owne vicious lyuynge; and also for the viciousnesse other men, and speciallye priestes euyll lyuynge and herefore sayde
me with sorrowfull harte gessed) that purposed fully within shorte tyme for
thynge : for İnanues soule, that may not now
hither;
parte of a thinge is properlye the
and all the
. .
tures Goddis lawe, whiche nother touche, leatie the court, and besy him know Gods
see nor rede effectuallye the gospell. For lawe, and conforme his lyfe thereafter. the Godhede Christe, that the vertue of And whan he hadde said me thes wordis
God, knowen the vertue thorowe belefe, the gospell, that Christes worde.
And Clerke said me, “Thes full mystic matters, and unsauery, that thou shew
est here vs. ’ And said, Sir, that masters know, not playnly this sentence,
may sore drede that the kingdome Heuene taken fro you, was fro the princes priestes, and fro the elders the Jewes. —And
and mo other, which woulde reherse and he wer present, praid me heate confes sion. And said hym, Sir, wherefore come
me confessed me? wote well that the archebishop puttith and holdeth me here one unworthy, other gyue take any sacrament holy chirche. And said
me, “Brother wote well, and wote many mo other, that you and soche other
wolde fetche this man
wordes nere can repete them, which that spake hym Fridaye the pryson,
than Clerke (as gesse Malueren) sayde wrongfully vexed, and herefore will comon me, “Thou knowest not thyne equiuocacyons, with you the more gladly. ” And said hym,
for the kyngdome Heuene hathe dinerse vn Certeyn wote well that many men this
derstondinges. What callest thou the king court, and specially the priestis this hous
dome Heauene, this sentence that thou holde, wolde full euyll payde, both with
shewest here And said, Sir, good you and with me, they wiste that wer reason and sentence doctours, the realme confessed ofme. And he said that he cared
Heuene called here the vinderstonding Godes worde. —And Clerke said me, “Frome whome thinkest thou that this vnder
stondinge taken awaye And said, Sir,
not therefore, for hadde full little affection them and (as me thought) spake thes wordis, and many other, goode will, and
hye desire, for haue knowen and done authorite Christe himselfe, the effectuall the pleasant will God. And said than
vnderstondinge Christes worde taken awaye from them chefely, whiche are greate
desyre mastershippe and hye state and dignite;
but they will not conforme them the lyuyng and teaching Christe and his apostles.
Than the Archebishop said, “Well, well, thou wilt judge thy souereyns. God the kyng doeth not his deutie, but suffer the
condempned. ’ And than another Clerke said me, ‘Why Friday that last was, coun
seldest thou man my lordes, that sholde not shriue him man, but only God? '— And with this asking was abusshed, and than
and knewe that was suitely betrayed
man that came me presone Friday before, comunynge with me
hym, with my foresaid protestacion say you now here; Sir, counsell you for ab
sente you frome euyll company, and thynges: and will holden wise men, and drawe you them that looue and besy them
lettered men, and presume vnderstonde high
confessyon and certayn
thoughte) that this man came than knowledgyng
matter wordes
me
now knowe came tempt me, and ac cuse me (God forgyve him, his will). And with myne harte what hadde thoughte
truste stedfastely
full feruent and charitable will; but
yng, praying
the thys his
them and sorrowyng hartely for them,
ye, sir, the holy Goste will than put your
harte good will, and feruent desyre for
take and holde good purpose hate euer, and flie (after your connyng and power)
occasion synne and than wysdome shall come you frome aboue, lightenyng with di uerse beamis grace, and heuenly desyre,
your wittes, enfourmyng you how shall
knowe and keape the preceptis God:
and than the good Spirite you for occupie besily gathering gither
God will mooue your wittes,
your synnes, far can bethinke you, shamyuge greatly
the mercie the Lorde, him onely your vicious yu
him euer deuoutely charit able counsell and continuance, hoping without doute, that contynew thus besiyng you
feithfully knowe and kepe his bidding
to ofby tobe by be as Ia it
is
a
of a (Iofby is of
isofinisin isislo, in
toaso allI is is
a all of
is hetoonof ' of do
of
of of I as by of a of in it I in
to ; to I
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be
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ithetoIif all
be toBy
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ofyeof be
in he to by on
ofto
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to of year
of be
as is allofastotoofin toyehetoastoIye
to soaall ofa oftoall by allofallofso toto
is,
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ar
of
or soheto
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o'
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in
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in
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ofIto I:inon
I II (as to I
213] STATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. -Master William Thorpe, for Heresy. [214
that he will (for he only may) forgyue you your harde monke Feuersham, that men called
synnes. And this man said than me, Though Moredon, preache Canterbury the crosse
God forgyue men their synues, yet behoueth within Christe-Church abbey, saiyng thus
men be assoyled priestis, and doo the confession As thorow the suggestion the
penaunce that they enjoyne them. And said fende, without counsell any other body, that
him, Sir, synnes, and
one assoyle men their themself many men and women can yna forgyue men their synnes: where gine, and fynde meanys and wayes inough
fore syns synne,
perteinyth onely God forgive suffisith this case counsell men
come pride, thefte, lecheie, and other diuerse vyces: contrarie wyse this monke said, syns the Lorde God more redy
forgyue synne, than the fende may power mooue ony body synne, than
who eucr will shame and sorow hartely for their synnes, knouledging them feithfully
God, amending them after their power and contyng, without counsell any other body than God and hymself, thorow the grace God, soche men and women may synde sufficient meanys come Goddis mercie,
and women for leave their synne, and comforte them that besye them thus doo, for hope steadfastely the mercie God.
And ageynward, priestis owght tell sharpely customable synners, that they will not
make ende their synne, but contynew dinerse synnes while that they may synne,
soche deserue peyn without any ende. And
herfore priestis shoulde euer besy them live
well and holily, and teache the people besel
and trewly the worde God, shewing and cleane assolid their syunes. folke open preaching, and preuy counsel This sentence said, Sir, this man yours, yng, that the Lorde God onely forgeuyth synne.
And therfore those priestis that take upon
them assoylve men their synnes, blas
pheme God: syns that perteinyth only the Sir, Holy Chirche which Christ hed Lorde assoyle men their synnes. For heuen and erthe, must medys approne this sen no doubte thousande yeare after that Christe
was man, prieste Christe durste take upon
hyin teach the people nother priuely nor
apertely, that they behoouyd nedis come
assoilid them, priestis now doo. But authoritie Christis worde, priestis bound
rently.
God, nor keape them. And ageyn, they ony inan here now this lyfe; and certeyn,
syns Jesu Christe dyed upon the crosse wil fully make men fre, men the chirche
bolde besy make men thrall, bynding continually, women, priestis o peyne
them seithfully know the biddinges
And more the Lorde askith not
that would occupie their wittes, hate and flie occasion synne, dreding over things offend God, and loouyng for please him
thes men and
shewid how the Lorde assoileth them of all
them under the endlesse curse (as
their synnes. And thus Christe promysed
they say) doo many observaunces and ordi nauncis, which nother the lyuyng nor teaching
Christe, nor his Apostles approueth.
that priestis authorite his worde bynde And Clerke said than me, “Thou shew
conferme heuen the binding and loosyng,
men synne that indured therein, loose them out synne here upon erthe that ve rely repentaunt. And this man hearing thes
ist here thy disceite which thou haste
wordis said, that myght well conscience consent this sentence; but said, not needful the lay people that cannot thus doo,
among wheate. But counsell the away clene frome this learning, and . . . }. the lowly my lorde, and thou shalt fynde hym yet
gracious the. ’ And faste than another Clerke said me. ‘How wast thou so bolde
Paulis Crosse London, stonde there harde with thi tippet hounden about thyne hedde, and repreue his sermonne the woorthy clerke Aleerton, draw. yng away that thou myghtist; and the same day, after none thou metyng that woorthy doctour Watlyng-strete, callidst hym false flaterer and ypocrite. "—And said, Sir, thynk certainly
shriue them priestis? And said, Yf man feale himself distrobled with ony sinne that cannot his owne witte auoide this synne without counsell them that herein wyser than he,
soche case the counsell full necessarie. And
goode prieste
good prieste faile, they now commonly,
soche case seynt Augustine saith that
man nuay lefully comon and take counsell
verteuous seculer man but certeyn that man that there was no man nor wooman that lated
woman ouer laden and bestely, which verely synne, and loouyd vertues, hearing the cannot brynge their own synnes into their sermonne the clerke Oxforde, and also mynde, besiyng them night and day for hate Alkerton's sermonne; but they sayd night and forsake their synnes, doyng sighe for justely say, that Alkerton reproouyd the them aster their connyng and power. And, clerke untrewly, and sclaundered hym wrong sir, full accordingly this sentence, upon Mid fully and uncharitably. For doute the lenton Sonday two yeare (as gesse) now agone, lyuyng and teaching Christe chefely, and
and the selfe wordis mere can gesse.
And the Archebishop said, “Holy Chirche approueth not this learnyng. ' And said,
indured customable sinners
Fowhich tyme their lyuyng worde
euerlasting
his mercy stedfastly, and come per fite charitie, and contynew therein perseue
tence. For hereby men and women may,
they will, sufficiently tauchte
know and God, and
kepe the commaundementis hate and flie continewally
cocasion synne, and looue and seke vertues besely, and beleue God stably, and truste
learn
yd them that trauell sowe popill
of
all
in
of
of
in
to
ar of
ofto
of to be toto
of
no
to go
all
of
tois is or
if
of
to
he
in
to to to no a
in
all
to ;as
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in by
so to
of
I do a
of
to
to a
Is or all
it ar all
to
to to of all allallinto
or
at all
to to
is I in
of
of
be to
Iye oftoin to toof
of
in as to
to of
to
to
as ofto of I all
or in a
to go
toto
bybe
to to
to
to
is
a
of
in by
to
of if aaaofa
to ofto
I
of
so to
to
ar
to to
to toit of to I
at beto
of to
in
toif
ofto
of to
I
to toto
to
belo
I
to to
an
ytit to in
he
all
to
to
at
to
in of no
ofof
to
it is
sy
arall alltoasofof to
of
aof
to he to tototo
of
I in to
in if to
toto
soofso to all
a
oftoto to
a :
inI in ofas
at
it of in all of
215]
STATE TRIALs, s isosty 1407–Trial and Eramination [216
his postles trewe, body that looueth counsell, obeiyng meekly and wilfully myne
God and his law will blame any sentence that the clerke than preachid there, syns autho rite Goddis worde, and approved seyntis
ordinautice, thou shalt fynde moste profitable and best the for doo thus. Therefore tary thou me lenger, graunte doo this
and doctours, and open reason, this clerke that haue said the now here shortly,
approued thiugis clerly that preached there.
deny utterly. ” And said the abp. , Sir, owe we beleue that Jesu Christe was, and very God and very man And the abp. said, Ye. And said, Sir, owe we beleue, that all
And Clerke the Archebishops said
me, “His sermonne was false, and that
slewith openly, syns dare not stande forthe, Christis lyuyng and his teaching trewe and defende his preaching that then preach euery poynte And said, Ye. And said,
there. ' And said, Sir, thinke that Sir, owe we beleue, that the lyuying the purposith standestedfastely thereby, els apostles, and the teaching Christe, and all
sclaundereth foully hym self, and also many the prophetes, are true, which are written the other that haue great truste, that will stande Bible for the health and saluacion of Goddes
the trewith the gospell. For wote well
people? And said, Ye. And said, Syr, owe all Christen men and women after their
his sermonne written both Engly sch, and many man haue
Latyne and and they sett
clerke denyed not there his sermonne? but two days maynteinyd before the Archebishop
and his clerkis. --And than the Archebishop, one his clerkis said, wote not which them, that hallot shall met with for that ser
monne. For man but and thou, and soche other false hallotis praisith ony soche preaching.
And than the Archebishop said, ‘Your cur sed secte besy, and joiethe right greately
And said, Ye.
And said, Sir, ought the doctrine, the bid
ding the councell ony body accepted obeid unto, excepte this doctrine, thes bid dinges this counsell may graunted and
aftermed Christes lyuying and his teaching specially, the lyuyng and teaching his apostles and prophetes And the Archebishop said me, “Other doctrine ought not accepted, nor we owe not obey any
connyng and power for conforme their wer pre lyuyng the teaching specially Christe, and
great pryse thereby. And sir,
sent with the Archebishop
his clerke apered, and was
fore the Archebishop, wote well that this saunt God, and edification his churche
Lambeth when also the teaching and lyuynge apostles, his answer be and prophetes, thinges that are ple
contrarie, and destroye the priuilege and mannes bidding councell, except we can
perceyue that this bidding counsell accord eth with the bidding and teaching Christe, and his apostles and prophets. ” And said,
fredome holy chirche. ’—And said, Sir
knowe man that trauell besely this
secte dothe (which you repreue) make rest
and peace holy chirche. For pride, coue Sir, not the learninge and biddinges and tousness and simony which distrooble moste counsellis holy chirche meanes and healfull holy chirche, this secte hatith and fliethe, and remedies know and withstond the preuy
trauellith besely mooue other men lyke maner unto meaknesse and wilfull pouerte and charite, and fre, ministryng the sacramentis, this secte louyth and vsith, and
suggestions, and the aperte temptacions the
fende and also wayes and healfull remedies flee pride, and other dedely synnes, and the
braunches them, and souereyn meanes full besy mooue other folkis thus doo. purchese grace, for withstonde and ouercome
For thes vertues owe membres holy chirche their hedde Christe.
Than Clerke said the Archebishop, “Sir, ferre daies, and haue ferre ryde nyght: therefore make ende with him, will none make. But the more, sir, that
thereto. And the Archebishop sayde me, more contumax made, and the ferder from ‘Submitt the than now here mekely and wil ou. ’ And than Malueren said me, ‘Wil fully the ordinaunce holy churche, which
besy you for drawe hym toward you, the
the fleschly lustes and mouynges And the abp. said, Ye. And said, Sir, whatsoeuer
thing ony other body bid counsell me do, accordingly this foresaid learning, after
my connynge and power throwe the helpe
God will mekely with myne harte obey
i.
said, Sir,
ingly haue here nowe before you rehersed,
knele down and
and leaue thy fantasies, and become
praye my
grace,
shall shewe the. ’ And
accord
childe holy chirche. ' And said, Sir, have praied
lorde
will now redy obey full gladly Christe the Archebishop ofte, and yet pray hym for the hede holy churche, and the learn
the loue Christe, that will leaue his in
dignacion that hathe ageinst me; and that
he will suffer me after my connyng and power,
for doo myne office priestebode, am
chargid God For couete nought
els but serve my God his pleasing, the leaue soche addicions obliging the now here, state that stand in, and haue taken me to. without ony excepcion myne ordinaunce,
And the Archebishop said me, “Yf that out this place, shall make the good harte thou wilt submyt the now here sure ony these that the pryson Lan inckely reulid this tyme forthe my term. Aduyse the now what thou wilt do:' and
ynge and biddynges and counselles euery pleas ynge membre hym.
Than the Archebishop striking with his honde ferseylye upon cupborde, spake me with greate spyrite, saying, “By Jesu, but thou
fro
do is it. I
all
it
by
by
as inI
ofto
of as is in
or
of asIgo
I
Ior ortototo
IV.
to
a
of
or by by
I to:
to
of be his
to
of
he it is
to
or
of he
by he ed
to Itoof
be ofall to in
a
he to
no
is of
e,
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of or
in
he heto
as to I
ye
;
isof to of all
to
orI hetoofto
of aofallbeto of all
yeto
he
I by
a to
noof is tohetoto Iof
it
to Ito ,toI ifit,he
to of
he
an
all
beI
ye
no
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;all so
he
atat in
ye Ihe
a of
to
he
by
all
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he no to toto or in to
isto Ito ? ofall heIto in of all to
I I or of it
to of
of yf to
or
to be to to to to ofof I is
of
I to all I to to of inofof
to
asora oftoto be. : inisor
of
•
of
to all be
217] STATE TRIALS, 8 HENRY IV. 1407. —Master William Thorpe, for Heresy. [218
than as if he had ben angered, he went fro the treuthe, ought not, nor maye not priuely cupborde where he stode to a wyndowe. amended dewly. Wherefore, sirs, praye you And than Malueren and another clerke that besye you not for mooue me for
came merer me, and they spake to me many lowe these these men reuokynge and forsak wordes full plesently : and another while they ynge the trew the and sothefastenesse they manased me, and counselled full besily to sub laue done and yet doo, wherein open euy myt me, or they sayde, shoulde not es dence they steire God great wrothe, and not
:ape ponishing ouer mesure; for they saide onely ageynst them selfe but also ageynste shoulde degraded, cursed and burned, and them that fauoure them consente them
than dampned. But now they said, thou herein, that comoneth with them, except maiste eschewe these mischeues, thou be for their amendement. For whereas thes
wilt submit the wilfully and mekely thys men firste were persued enemyes, now they worthy prelate that hath cure the soule. haue obliged them othe for slaunder and And for the pytie Christe (said they) be persue Christe his members. Wherfor thinke the, howe great clerkes the bishop truste stedfastely the goodnes God, the Lincoln, Herford, and Purney, wer and yet are, worldly couetousnesse, and the lustie lyuyng, and also that well vinderstondinge man, and the slyding fro the treuth these runa which also haue forsaken and reuoked all the gates, shall me and many other men learnynge and opinions, that thou and soche and women example, and euidence other holde. Wherefore syns eche them stonde the more stifly the trewith
Christe. mekill wyser than thou arte, we counsell the For certeyn, right many men and women doo for the beste, that the example thes four marke and abhorre the foulnesse and coward
clerkes thou folowe them, submyttynge the nesse these forsaide untrewe men, howe that they did. —And one the bishopes clerkes they are ouercome and stopped with benefyces, said than there, that he herde Nicoll Herforde and withdrawen fro the treuth Goddes say, that syns forsoke and reuoked the worde, forsaking vtterly suffer therfore bodel learning and Lolardes opinions, hathe had persecucyon. For, this vinfeithfull doynge mekill greater favour, and more delyte holde and apostasie them, specially that great ageinst them, than euer hadde holde with lettered men and haue knowledged openly the them while he helde with them. —And therefore treuth, and now other pleasure displea Malueren said me, vnderstonde and thou sure
wilt take the forsake
priest, and shryue the clene; wages soch opinions, and take thy pe against
tyrantes haue taken hyer and temporal forsake the trewthe, and holde slaundering and persewing them that
naunce teaching
shalt And
solowe Christ the waye righte greatly conforted this doing. ’ nowe moued; but many mo, thorow the grace
said counselled me
the Clerkes that thus besyly God, shall moued hereby for learne the solow these forsaide men, treuth God, and doo thereafter, and
my lord here, for the holding and couete
them, with shorte tyme thou ousnesse, many men and women therforo are
Sirs, thes men,
take example, had forsaked benefyces tem
porall profyte, and worldly worshippe,
that they had absented them and eschewed
frome occasyons couetousnesse, and
fleschely lustes, and had taken them symple
lyuynge, and wilfull pouerte, they hadde herein geuen goode example me, and many other
stond boldely thereby.
Than the Archebishoppe sayde Clerkes, “Besy you lenger aboute hym; for and
other soche are confedered gither, that they will not sweare obedient, and submytte them prelates holy chirche.
For nowe syns stode here, his felowe sente
whome counsell me
me worde that will not sweare, and that haue folowed them. But now, syns thes counselled hym that sholde not sweare
foure men haue slaunderovsly and shamefully me. And, losell, that thynge that the done the contrarye, consentyng receyue and thou haste besyed the loose thys yonge man; haue and holde temporall benefyces, but blessed God, thou shalt not haue thy
lyuynge now more worldly and more fleschely than they did before, conformyng them the
purpose hym: hath forsaken thy learnynge, submyttyng him buxum and obedient the ordinaunce holy churche, and wepeth full bitterly, and curseth the full hartely for the venemous teachynge whiche thou
this worlde; forsake them herein, their forsaid slaunderous doynge. purpose with the help God into re
maners
and
For
mission
iyuying, hate and flye prively and apertly,
my synnes and my foule cursed haste shewed hym, counsellying him doo
folow thes men, teaching and counsellying
whomesoeuer that may for flye and eschewe
the waye that they haue chosen whiche
will lede them the worste ende, conue est; therfore many deathes thou arte wor nient tyme they repente them not, verely for thy thou hast geuen euell councelles. sakynge and reuokynge openly the slaunder that And therefore Jesu thou shalt thyther, they haue, put and euery daye yet put where Nicoll Harforde and Tom Purnay were Christes Churche. For certeyn open blas herbered. And vindertake, thys daye pheunye and slaunder they have spoken and eighte dayes thou shalt righte gladde for done their reuokyng and forsakyng the doo what thynge that euer bydde the doo.
thereafter. And for thy false counsellynge many other and hym, thou haste greate cause righte sory. For long tyme thou haste
besied the peruert whom euer thou might
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toallhear asto
as
219) STATE TRIALS, 10 HENRY IV. 1409–Proceedings against [220
And, losell, I shall assaye if I can make the drounde me the sea, for near hande there. there as soroufull (as it was tolde me) thou And Clerke standyng besyde me there, kne
waste gladie of my laste going out of England;
by seynt Thomas I shall tourne thy joye into sorowe. ’—And I sayde, Sir, there can no body preue laufully that I ioyed euer of the manner
of youre goynge out of this lande. But, sir, to saye the sothe, I was joyfull whan ye were gone; for the bishop of London, in whos pry son ye lefte me, founde in me no cause for to holde me lenger in hys pryson, but at the re queste of my frendes, he delivered me to them, asking of me no manner of submittyng.
Than the Archebishoppe said to me, ‘Wher fore that I yede out of England is vnknowen to the ; but be this thinge well knowen to the, that God (as I wote well) hath called me ageyne, and broughte me into this lande for to destroye the and the false secte that thou arte of, as by God I shall persue you so naroulye, that I shall not leave a steppe of you in thys lande. ’ And I said to the abp. Sir, the holy prophete Jeremy said to the false prophet Anany, ‘Whan the “worde that is the prophecye of a prophete is * knowen or fulfilled, than it shall knowen “ that the Lorde sent the prophete in treuthe. '
Archebishop,
—And the as if he hadde not
been pleasid with my saiynge, turned hym without
awaye warde hyther and thyther, and sayde, “By God I shall sette upon thy shynnes a pair of perlis, that thou shalt be gladde to chaunge thy voice. ’ -
Thes and many mo wonderous and convicious wordes were spoken to me, manassing me and
addicions submit hym. And than
other the same secte for punished
and destroyed vnto the vttermoste. And the Than while after the Archebishop said me, abp. called than hym Clerke, and rowned ‘Wilt thou not submit the the ordinance of
with him; and that Clerke went forthe, and holy Chirche? ' And said, Sir, will full gladly sone brought the constable Saltwoole submit me, haue shewid you before. And Castell, and the abp. rowned good while with than the Archebishop badde the constable hym, and than the constable went forthe, and haue me forthe thens haste; and then than cam diuerse seculers, and they scorned was led forth, and brought into foul unhonest me euery syde, and manassed me greatly; prison, where came never before
and some counselled the abp. burne me After this, not known what became and by, and some other counselled hym him; but most probably died prison.
19. Proceedings against John BADBy, for Heresy: Henry IV. 1409. [Fox's Acts and Monuments, 679. ]
examination following one John Badby, tailor, being lay man, was made certaine
house hail within the precinct the preach
IN the yeere our Lord 1409, Sunday be ber other lords both spirituall and tem ing the 1st day March, the afternoone, the porall, being then the selfe same time
contained the instrument read the ing friers London, vtter cloister, vpon foresaid master Morgan, the tenor whereof
the crime heresie, and other articles repug nant the determination of the erroneous
followeth, and effect such. -In the name God, Amen. Be manifest men
Church Rome, before Thomas Arundell,
archbishop Canterbury, and others his as
sistants, the archbishop Yorke, London, ing the course and computation the
. . . }
burie, Bath, Bangor, Mencuensis Epis
copi, and also Edmund duke Yorke, Thomas Bewford the chancellor England, lord Roos the clerke the roles, and great num
the yeere after the incarnation our Lord, accord
Winchester, Norwich, England,
lede downe the abp. , praiyng hym that wolde delyuer me hym for saye matenes with hym, and wolde vndertake that within thre dayes sholde not resiste any thynge that were commaunded me doo my prelate. And the abp. said, that would ordeine for me himselfe. And than after came ageyn the constable, and spake priuely the abp. And than the abp. commaunded the constable lede me forthe thens with hym, and did; and whan we wer gone forthe thens, we wer sent after ageyn. And whan came ageyne before the abp. Clerke badde me knele downe, and aske grace, and submit me lowly, and sholde synde for the beste,
And said than the abp. “Sir, hane
will wilfully
syde; and yet after this diuerse persones cried vpon me knele down and submit me, but stood still and spake worde and than there was spokyn me, and me many greate wordis and stoode and herde them manase, curse, and scorne me; but said nothing. —
said you diuerse tymes to-day, and lowly obey and submit me euer after my connyng and power
ordenid God, and holy
his lawe, and to, euery membre
Chirche, ferre forth can perceyue that thes membres accorde with their hedde Christe, and will teach me, rule me, chastyse me authority specially ‘I Goddis lawe. And the Archebishop said, wiste well wolde not
of.
was rebukyd, scornyd, and manasyd euery
|. . . ; master Morgan read the articles opinions the hearers, according
this present publike instrument, that
Salis Church otherwise
yeere the yeere
1409, the second indiction,
the popedome the most holy father Christ
and Lord, lord Gregorie the the diuine permission pope, the second day Januarie,
the
of
of
ofof D.
in
to a
a
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on
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I to
he
221]
STATE TRIALS, 10 HENRY IV. 1409. -John Badly, for Heresy. [222
the chapell Caruariae, of Saint Thomas martyr, pronounced the said Iohn before this time nigh voto the cathedrall church of Worcester, coullicted such an heresie, and that he hath being situate in the said diocesse, in the pre bin and heretike, and the end declared sence of me the publike notarie, and of the these words:
witnesses vinder written, the aforesaid John “In the name God, Amen. We Thomas Badby a layman, of the said diocesse of Wor bishop Worcester doe accuse thee Iohn Bad
cester, appearing personally before the reuerend by, being lay man our diocesse, and father in Christ and Lord, lord Thomas, by the vpon the crime heresie, before sitting for grace of God bishop of Worcester, sitting in the chiefe iudge, being oftentimes confessed and said chappell for chiefe iudge, was detected of conuicted and vpon that, that thou hast and vpon the crime of heresie being heretically taught, and openly affirmed, hitherto thou taught, and openly maintained by the foresaid dost teach, boldly affirme, and defend; that the John Badby: that that the sacrament the sacrament the body Christ, consecrated body Christ, consecrated the priest vpon vpon the altar the priest, not the true body the altar, not the true bodie Christ the Christ; but after the sacramental words,
that, body vertue the words the sacrament. But make the
i.
writings. ”—These things were done accordingly aboue written, and are recited the ing examined, and diligently demanded the yeere, indiction, popedome, inoneth, day, and foresaid reuerend father concerning the pre place aforesaid, being present the same time
misses, the end did answere; that was im John Malune prior the cathedrall church possible that any priest should make the body Worcester, John Dudle monke, and Haule the
Christ, and that beleuved firmely that sub-prior the said church, Thomas Penings no priest could make the body Christ, the order the Carmelites, Thomas Feken such words sacramentally spoken such sort. haim the order the preaching Friers, Wil And also said expressely that hee would liam Pomfret the order the Minorites, be neuer while liued beleeue that any priest ing professors and masters diuinitie, William could make the body Christ handled Hales, Gualter London, John Swippedew
the hands the priest vpon the altar, being publike Notaries, and William Beu
his corporall forme. And furthermore said that John Raker of Bristoll had as much
Christ vertue after the sacramentall words spoken the the said sacramentall words pronounced,
Christ, the materiall the altar the beginning, neither turned into the very body Christ after the sacramentall words spoken the priest. Which John Badby be
haue been the crime heresie; and we doe pronounce thee both hatre beene and bee heretike, and doe declare finally these
riest make the body
doth remaine
vpon
power and authoritie Christ, any priest
make the like body
had.