Daughter of
Both this man and his grandfather are called Cheilon of Lacedaemon, is mentioned by Iambli-
· Charopus” by Livy.
Both this man and his grandfather are called Cheilon of Lacedaemon, is mentioned by Iambli-
· Charopus” by Livy.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
The same ordinance will be found in Pla-
the Alexandrian and Egyptian priests, and of the to’s Laws. The laws of Charondas were probably
events which occurred under each ; likewise of a in verse. (Athen. xiv. p. 619. ) The fragments of
treatise on Naucratis, and other works. (Suid. s. v. ) the laws of Charondas are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol. ii. p. 74, &c.
[G. E. L. C. ]
dius, and wrote a historical commentary on his CHAROPS (Xápo:), bright-eyed or joyful-
Argonaulica, has been identified by some with the looking, a surname of Heracles, under which he
historian of Naucratis, by others with the Cartha- had a statue near mount Laphystion on the spot
ginian. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. b. iii. c. 21; Voss. where he was believed to have brought forth
de Hist. Graec. pp. 20, 138, 144, 415, ed. Wester- Cerberus from the lower world. (Paus. ix. 34.
mann; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1054. ) [E. E. ] | $ 4. ) There are also two mythical beings of this
CHARONDAS (Xapuvdas), a lawgiver of Ca- name. (Hom. Od. xi. 427 ; Hom. Hymn. in Merc.
tana, who legislated for his own and the other | 194; Hygin. Fab. 181. )
(L. S. ]
cities of Chalcidian origin in Sicily and Italy. CHAROPS (Xápou). 1. A chief among the
(Aristot. Polit. ii. 10. ) Now, these were Zancle, Epeirots, who sided with the Romans in their war
Naxos, Leontini, Euboea, Mylae, Himera, Callipo- with Philip V. , and, by sending a shepherd to
lis, and Rhegium. He must have lived before the guide a portion of the Roman army over the
time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, i. e. before heights above the position of the Macedonians,
B. C. 494, for the Rhegians used the laws Cha- enabled Flamininus to dislodge Philip from the
rondas till they were abolished by Anaxilaus, who, defile which he had occupied in Epeirus, B. c. 198.
after a reign of eighteen years, died B. c. 476. (Polyb. xvii. 3, xviii. 6, xxvii. 13; Lir. xxxii. 6,
These facts sufficiently refute the common account Plut. Fiam. 4. ) In B. c. 192, Charops was
of Charondas, as given by Diodorus (xii. 12): viz. sent by his countrymen on an embassy to Antio-
that after Thurii was founded by the people of the chus the Great, who was wintering at Chalcis in
ruined city of Sybaris, the colonists chose Charon- Euboea. He represented to the king that the
das, “the best of their fellow-citizens,” to draw up Epeirots were more exposed to the attacks of the
a code of laws for their use. For Thurii, as we Romans than any of the inhabitants of the rest of
c.
il;
>
## p. 691 (#711) ############################################
CHEILON.
691
CHEIRISOPHUS.
Greece, and begged him therefore to excuse them $11) we learn, that he was a member of the Spar-
from siding with him unless he felt himself strong tan senate. It is said that lie died of joy when
enough to protect them. (Polyb. xx. 3. ) He con- his son gained the prize for boxing at the Olympic
tinued to the end of his life to cultivate the friend- games, and that his funeral was attended by all
ship of the Romans, and sent his grandson to the Greeks assembled at the festival.
Such a
Rome for education. (Polyb. xxvii. 13. ) [E. E. ) token of respect seems to have been due not more
2. A grandson of the above. He received his to his wisdom than to the purity of his life, which,
education at Rome, and after his return to his own according to Diodorus, was not inconsistent with
country adhered to the Roman cause; but here his doctrine. (Comp. Gell. i. 3. ) Diogenes Laër-
ends all resemblance between himself and his tius mentions him as a writer of Elegiac poems,
grandfather, who is called kanos kåyalòs by Poly- and records many sayings of his which shew that
bius. (xxvii. 13. ) It was this younger Charops even at Sparta he may well have been remarkable
by whose calumnies Antinous and Cephalus were for his sententious brevity, and several of which
driven in self-defence to take the side of Perseus breathe also in other respects a truly Spartan
[Antinous); and he was again one of those who spirit. Witness especially his denunciation of the
flocked from the several states of Greece to Aemilius use of gesture in speaking,-λέγοντα μη κινείν
Paullus at Amphipolis, in B. c. 167, to congratulate thy reipa uavinov gáp. The distinguishing ex-
him on the decisive victory at Pydna in the pre- cellence of man he considered to be sagacity of
ceding year, and who seized the opportunity to rid judgment in divining the future,—a quality which
themselves of the most formidable of their political he himself remarkably exemplified in his forebod-
opponents by pointing them out as friends of ing, afterwards realized, of the evils to which
Macedonia, and so causing them to be apprehended Sparta might at any time be exposed from Cythera.
and sent to Rome. (Polyb. xxx. 10; Liv. xlv. (Diog. Laërt. i. 68–73; Menag. ad loc. ; Plat.
31; Diod. Erc. p. 578; see p. 569, b. ) The Protag. p. 343; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 3 ; Ael. V. H.
power thus obtained Charops in particular so bar- iii. 17; Perizon. ad loc. ; Plin. H. N. vii. 32 ;
barously abused, that Polybius has recorded his Diod. Exc. de Virt. et Vit. p. 552, ed. Wess;
belief is that there never had been before and Arist. Rhet. ii. 12. & 14; Herod. vii. 235; comp.
never would be again a greater monster of cruelty. ” Thuc. iv. 53; Arnold, ad loc. )
But even his cruelty did not surpass his rapacity 2. A Spartan of the royal house of the Eury-
and extortion, in which he was fully aided and pontids. On the death of Cleomenes III. in B. C.
seconded by his mother, Philotis. (Diod. Exc. 220, his claim to the throne was disregarded, and
p. 587. ) His proceedings, however, were dis- the election fell on one Lycurgus, who was not a
countenanced at Rome, and when he went thither Heracleid. Cheilon was so indignant at this, that
to obtain the senate's confirmation of his iniquity, he devised a revolution, holding out to the people
be not only received from them an unfavourable the hope of a division of landed property-a plan
and threatening answer, but the chief men of the which Agis IV. and Cleomenes Ill. had succes-
state, and Aemilius Paullus among the number, sively failed to realize. Being joined by about
refused to receive him into their houses. Yet on 200 adherents, he surprised the ephori at supper,
his return to Epeirus he had the audacity to falsify and murdered them. Lycurgus, however, whose
the senate's sentence. The year 157 B. c. is com- house he next attacked, effected his escape, and
memorated by Polybius as one in which Greece Cheilon, having in vain endeavoured to rouse the
was purged of many of her plagues: as an instance people in his cause, was compelled to take refuge
of this, he mentions the death of Charops at Brun- in Achaia. (Polyb. iv. 35, 81. ) [E. E. ]
disium. (Polyb. XXX. 14, xxxi. 8, xxxii. 21, 22. ) CHEILO'NIS (Xeuwvis). 1.
Daughter of
Both this man and his grandfather are called Cheilon of Lacedaemon, is mentioned by Iambli-
· Charopus” by Livy.
(E. E. ] chus (de Vit. Pyth. 36, ad fin. ) as one of the most
CHAROʻPUS. [CHAROPS. ]
distinguished women of the school of Pythagoras.
CHARTAS (Xdpras) and SYADRAS (Eva- 2. Daughter of Leonidas II. , king of Sparta,
Opas), statuaries at Sparta, were the teachers of and wife to Cleombrotus II. When Leonidas,
Eucheirus of Corinth, and he of Clearchus of alarmed at the prosecution instituted against him
Rhegium, and he of the great statuary Pythagoras by Lysander (Agis IV. ), took refuge in the tem-
of Rhegium. (Paus. vi. 4. & 2. ) Hence it is cal- ple of Athena Chalcioecus, Cheilonis left her hus-
culated that Chartas and Syadras flourished about band, who was made king on the deposition of
540 B. C. , a little before which time the Spartans Leonidas, and, preferring to comfort her father in
sent to Croesus a crater of bronze ornamented with his adversity, accompanied him in his flight to
figures. (Herod. i. 70. )
[P. S. ] Tegea. Afterwards, when Leonidas was restored,
CHARYBDIS. (SCYLLA. ]
and Cleombrotus in his turn was driven to take
CHEILON or CHILON (Xelaw, Xlaw). refuge in the temple of Poseidon, Cheilonis joined him
1. Of Lacedaemon, son of Damagetus, and one of in his altered fortunes, saved his life by her entreaties
the Seven Sages, flourished towards the commence from her father's vengeance, and, again refusing
ment of the 6th century B. C. Herodotus (i. 59) to share the splendour of throne, went with him
speaks of him as contemporary with Hippocrates, into banishment ; " so that, bad not Cleombrotus,
the father of Peisistratus, and Diogenes Laërtius says Plutarch, “ been spoilt by vain ambition, his
tells
us, that he was an old man in the 52nd Olym- wife's love would have made him deem his exile a
piad (8. c. 572), and held the office of Ephor more blessed lot than the kingdom which he lost. ”
Eponymus ir Ol. 56. (B. C. 556. ) In the same (Plut. Agis, 11, 12, 16-18. )
[E. E. )
author there is a passage which appears to ascribe
CHEIRI'SOPHUS (X exploooos), a Lacedae-
to Cheilon the institution of the Ephoralty, but monian, was sent by the Ephors with 700 heavy-
this contradicts the other well known and more armed men (800 according to Diodorus), to aid
authentic traditions. On the authority also of Cyrus in his expedition against his brother Arta-
Alcidamas the rhetorician (ap. Arist. Rhet. ü. 23. / xerxes, B. C. 401, and joined the prince on his
1
:
16
2 y 2
## p. 692 (#712) ############################################
692
CHEIRISOPHUS.
CHEIRON.
march at Issus in Cilicia. (Diod. xiv 19, 21; / statue, is not satisfactory. (Epochen, pp. 137–
Xen. Anab. i. 4. & 3. ) After the battle of Cunaxa, 139. ) Thiersch has also observed, that the name
Clearchus sent him with others to Ariaeus to make of Cheirisophus, like many other names of the
an offer, which however was declined, of placing early artists, is significant of skill in art (reip,
him on the Persian throne (p. 283, b. ). After opós). Other names of the same kind are, Dae-
the arrest of Clcarchus and the other generals, dalus (Daidalos) the son of Eupalamus (Evráda-
through the treachery of Tissaphernes, Cheirisophus uos), Eucheir (Eřxeip), Chersiphiron (Xepoiopwv),
took an active part in encouraging the troops and and others. Now, granting that Daedalus is no
in otherwise providing for the emergency, and, on thing more than a mythological personage, and that
the motion of Xenophon, was appointed, as being his name was merely symbolical, there can be no
a Lacedaemonian, to lead the van of the retreating doubt that others of these artists really existed and
army. In this post we find him subsequently bore these names, which were probably given to
acting throughout the retreat, and cordially co them in their infancy because they belonged to
operating with Xenophon. In fact it was only families in which art was hereditary. Thiersch
once that any difference arose between them, and quotes a parallel case in the nanies taken from
that was caused by Cheirisophus having struck, in navigation among the maritime people of Phaencia.
a fit of angry suspicion, an Armenian who was (Hom. Od, viii, 112, &c. )
guiding them, and who left them in consequence Pausanias mentions also two shrines of Dionysus,
of the indignity. (Diod. xiv. 27 ; Xen. Anab. iii. an altar of Cora, and a temple of Apollo, but the
2. $ 33, &c. , 3. SS 3, 11, 4. SS 38–43, 5. SS way in which he speaks leaves it doubtful whether
1-6, iv. 1. SS 6, 15–22, 2. & 23, &c. , iii. SS 8, Cheirisophus erected these, as well as the statue of
25, &c. , 6. SS 1-3. ) When the Greeks had Apollo, or only the statue.
[P. S. ]
arrived at Trapezus on the Euxine, Cheirisophus CHEIRON (Xelpwv), the wisest and justest of
volunteered to go to his friend Anaxibius, the all the centaurs. (Hom. Il. xi. 831. ) He was the
Spartan admiral at Byzantium, to obtain a sufficient instructor of Achilles, whose father Peleus was a
number of ships to transport them to Europe ; but friend and relative of Cheiron, and received at his
he was not successful in his application. (Diod. wedding with Thetis the heary lance which was
xiv. 30, 31; Xen. Anal. v. 1. § 4, vi. l. § 16. ) subsequently used by Achilles. (Il. xvi. 143, xix.
On his return to the army, which he found at 390. ) According to Apollodorus (i. 2. & 4), Cheiron
Sinope, he was chosen commander-in-chief, Xeno- was the son of Cronus and Philyra. He lived on
phon baring declined for himself the proffered mount Pelion, from which he, like the other cen-
honour on the express ground of the prior claim of taurs, was expelled by the Lapithae ; but sacrifices
a Lacedaemonian. (Anub. vi. 1. SS 18–33. ) were offered to him there by the Magnesians un-
Cheirisophus, however, was unable to enforce sub- til a very late period, and the family of the Chei-
mission to his authority, or to restrain the Arca- ronidae in that neighbourhood, who were distin-
dian and Achaean soldiers from their profligate guished for their knowledge of medicine, were
attempt to plunder the hospitable Heracleots; and, regarded as his descendants. (Plut. Sympos. iii. l; .
on the sixth or seventh day from his election, Müller, Orchom. p. 249. ) Cheiron himself had
these troops, who formed more than half the been instructed by Apollo and Artemis, and was
army, separated themselves from the rest, and de renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine, music,
parted by sea under ten generals whom they had gymnastics, and the art of prophecy. (Xen. Cyncg.
appointed. Xenophon then offered to continue 1; Philostr. Her. 9, Icon. ii. 2; Pind. Pyth. ix. 65. )
the march with the remainder of the forces, under All the most distinguished heroes of Grecian story
the command of Cheirisophus, but the latter de- are, like Achilles, described as the pupils of Chei-
clined the proposal by the advice of Neon, who ron in these arts. His friendship with Peleus, who
hoped to find vessels at Calpe furnished by Clean- was his grandson, is particularly celebrated. Chei-
der, the Spartan Harmost at Byzantium, and ron saved him from the hands of the other centaurs,
wished to reserve them exclusively for their own who were on the point of killing him, and he also
portion of the army. With the small division yet restored to him the sword which Acastus had con-
under his command, Cheirisophus arrived safely at cealed. (Apollod. iii. 13. $ 3, &c. ) Cheiron fur-
Calpe, where he died from the effects of a medicine ther informed him in wbat manner he might gain
which he had taken for a fever. (Xen. Anab. vi. possession of Thetis, who was doomed to marry a
2. $ 4, 4. $ 11. )
[E. E. ] mortal. He is also connected with the story of
CHEIRI'SOPHUS (Xerpigopos), a statuary in the Argonauts, whom he received kindly when
wood and probably in stone. A gilt wooden they came to his residence on their voyage, for
statue of Apollo Agyieus, made by him, stood at many of the heroes were his friends and pupils.
Tegea, and near it was a statue in stone of the (Apollon. Rhod. i. 554; Orph. Argon. 375, &c. )
artist himself, which was most probably also his Heracles too was connected with him by friend-
own work. (Paus. viii. 53. $ 3. ) Pausanias knew ship; but one of the poisoned arrows of this hero
nothing of his age or of his teacher; but from the was nevertheless the cause of his death, for during
way in which he mentions him in connexion with his struggle with the Erymanthian boar, Heracles
the Cretan school of Daedalus, and from his work- / became involved in a fight with the centaurs, who
ing both in wood and stone, he is probably to be filed to Cheiron, in the neighbourhood of Malea.
placed with the latest of the Daedalian sculptors, Heracles shot at them, and one of his arrows struck
such as Dipoenus and Scyllis (about B. C. 566). Cheiron, who, although immortal, would not live
Böckh considers the erection by the artist of his any longer, and gave his immortality to Prome-
own statue as an indication of a later date (Corp. theus. According to others, Cheiron, in looking
Inscrip. i. p. 19); but his arguments are satisfac- at one of the arrows, dropped it on his foot, and
torily answered by Thiersch, who also shews that wounded himself. (Ovid. Fast. v. 397; Hygin.
the 'reply of Hernann to Böckh, that Pausanias Poet. Astr. ii. 38. ) Zeus placed Cheiron among
does not say that Cheirisophus made his own | the stars. He had been married to Naïs or Cha-
;
## p. 693 (#713) ############################################
CHERA.
693
CHERSIPHRON.
the Alexandrian and Egyptian priests, and of the to’s Laws. The laws of Charondas were probably
events which occurred under each ; likewise of a in verse. (Athen. xiv. p. 619. ) The fragments of
treatise on Naucratis, and other works. (Suid. s. v. ) the laws of Charondas are given in Heyne's Opus-
The Charon who was a friend of Apollonius Rho- cula, vol. ii. p. 74, &c.
[G. E. L. C. ]
dius, and wrote a historical commentary on his CHAROPS (Xápo:), bright-eyed or joyful-
Argonaulica, has been identified by some with the looking, a surname of Heracles, under which he
historian of Naucratis, by others with the Cartha- had a statue near mount Laphystion on the spot
ginian. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. b. iii. c. 21; Voss. where he was believed to have brought forth
de Hist. Graec. pp. 20, 138, 144, 415, ed. Wester- Cerberus from the lower world. (Paus. ix. 34.
mann; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1054. ) [E. E. ] | $ 4. ) There are also two mythical beings of this
CHARONDAS (Xapuvdas), a lawgiver of Ca- name. (Hom. Od. xi. 427 ; Hom. Hymn. in Merc.
tana, who legislated for his own and the other | 194; Hygin. Fab. 181. )
(L. S. ]
cities of Chalcidian origin in Sicily and Italy. CHAROPS (Xápou). 1. A chief among the
(Aristot. Polit. ii. 10. ) Now, these were Zancle, Epeirots, who sided with the Romans in their war
Naxos, Leontini, Euboea, Mylae, Himera, Callipo- with Philip V. , and, by sending a shepherd to
lis, and Rhegium. He must have lived before the guide a portion of the Roman army over the
time of Anaxilaus, tyrant of Rhegium, i. e. before heights above the position of the Macedonians,
B. C. 494, for the Rhegians used the laws Cha- enabled Flamininus to dislodge Philip from the
rondas till they were abolished by Anaxilaus, who, defile which he had occupied in Epeirus, B. c. 198.
after a reign of eighteen years, died B. c. 476. (Polyb. xvii. 3, xviii. 6, xxvii. 13; Lir. xxxii. 6,
These facts sufficiently refute the common account Plut. Fiam. 4. ) In B. c. 192, Charops was
of Charondas, as given by Diodorus (xii. 12): viz. sent by his countrymen on an embassy to Antio-
that after Thurii was founded by the people of the chus the Great, who was wintering at Chalcis in
ruined city of Sybaris, the colonists chose Charon- Euboea. He represented to the king that the
das, “the best of their fellow-citizens,” to draw up Epeirots were more exposed to the attacks of the
a code of laws for their use. For Thurii, as we Romans than any of the inhabitants of the rest of
c.
il;
>
## p. 691 (#711) ############################################
CHEILON.
691
CHEIRISOPHUS.
Greece, and begged him therefore to excuse them $11) we learn, that he was a member of the Spar-
from siding with him unless he felt himself strong tan senate. It is said that lie died of joy when
enough to protect them. (Polyb. xx. 3. ) He con- his son gained the prize for boxing at the Olympic
tinued to the end of his life to cultivate the friend- games, and that his funeral was attended by all
ship of the Romans, and sent his grandson to the Greeks assembled at the festival.
Such a
Rome for education. (Polyb. xxvii. 13. ) [E. E. ) token of respect seems to have been due not more
2. A grandson of the above. He received his to his wisdom than to the purity of his life, which,
education at Rome, and after his return to his own according to Diodorus, was not inconsistent with
country adhered to the Roman cause; but here his doctrine. (Comp. Gell. i. 3. ) Diogenes Laër-
ends all resemblance between himself and his tius mentions him as a writer of Elegiac poems,
grandfather, who is called kanos kåyalòs by Poly- and records many sayings of his which shew that
bius. (xxvii. 13. ) It was this younger Charops even at Sparta he may well have been remarkable
by whose calumnies Antinous and Cephalus were for his sententious brevity, and several of which
driven in self-defence to take the side of Perseus breathe also in other respects a truly Spartan
[Antinous); and he was again one of those who spirit. Witness especially his denunciation of the
flocked from the several states of Greece to Aemilius use of gesture in speaking,-λέγοντα μη κινείν
Paullus at Amphipolis, in B. c. 167, to congratulate thy reipa uavinov gáp. The distinguishing ex-
him on the decisive victory at Pydna in the pre- cellence of man he considered to be sagacity of
ceding year, and who seized the opportunity to rid judgment in divining the future,—a quality which
themselves of the most formidable of their political he himself remarkably exemplified in his forebod-
opponents by pointing them out as friends of ing, afterwards realized, of the evils to which
Macedonia, and so causing them to be apprehended Sparta might at any time be exposed from Cythera.
and sent to Rome. (Polyb. xxx. 10; Liv. xlv. (Diog. Laërt. i. 68–73; Menag. ad loc. ; Plat.
31; Diod. Erc. p. 578; see p. 569, b. ) The Protag. p. 343; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 3 ; Ael. V. H.
power thus obtained Charops in particular so bar- iii. 17; Perizon. ad loc. ; Plin. H. N. vii. 32 ;
barously abused, that Polybius has recorded his Diod. Exc. de Virt. et Vit. p. 552, ed. Wess;
belief is that there never had been before and Arist. Rhet. ii. 12. & 14; Herod. vii. 235; comp.
never would be again a greater monster of cruelty. ” Thuc. iv. 53; Arnold, ad loc. )
But even his cruelty did not surpass his rapacity 2. A Spartan of the royal house of the Eury-
and extortion, in which he was fully aided and pontids. On the death of Cleomenes III. in B. C.
seconded by his mother, Philotis. (Diod. Exc. 220, his claim to the throne was disregarded, and
p. 587. ) His proceedings, however, were dis- the election fell on one Lycurgus, who was not a
countenanced at Rome, and when he went thither Heracleid. Cheilon was so indignant at this, that
to obtain the senate's confirmation of his iniquity, he devised a revolution, holding out to the people
be not only received from them an unfavourable the hope of a division of landed property-a plan
and threatening answer, but the chief men of the which Agis IV. and Cleomenes Ill. had succes-
state, and Aemilius Paullus among the number, sively failed to realize. Being joined by about
refused to receive him into their houses. Yet on 200 adherents, he surprised the ephori at supper,
his return to Epeirus he had the audacity to falsify and murdered them. Lycurgus, however, whose
the senate's sentence. The year 157 B. c. is com- house he next attacked, effected his escape, and
memorated by Polybius as one in which Greece Cheilon, having in vain endeavoured to rouse the
was purged of many of her plagues: as an instance people in his cause, was compelled to take refuge
of this, he mentions the death of Charops at Brun- in Achaia. (Polyb. iv. 35, 81. ) [E. E. ]
disium. (Polyb. XXX. 14, xxxi. 8, xxxii. 21, 22. ) CHEILO'NIS (Xeuwvis). 1.
Daughter of
Both this man and his grandfather are called Cheilon of Lacedaemon, is mentioned by Iambli-
· Charopus” by Livy.
(E. E. ] chus (de Vit. Pyth. 36, ad fin. ) as one of the most
CHAROʻPUS. [CHAROPS. ]
distinguished women of the school of Pythagoras.
CHARTAS (Xdpras) and SYADRAS (Eva- 2. Daughter of Leonidas II. , king of Sparta,
Opas), statuaries at Sparta, were the teachers of and wife to Cleombrotus II. When Leonidas,
Eucheirus of Corinth, and he of Clearchus of alarmed at the prosecution instituted against him
Rhegium, and he of the great statuary Pythagoras by Lysander (Agis IV. ), took refuge in the tem-
of Rhegium. (Paus. vi. 4. & 2. ) Hence it is cal- ple of Athena Chalcioecus, Cheilonis left her hus-
culated that Chartas and Syadras flourished about band, who was made king on the deposition of
540 B. C. , a little before which time the Spartans Leonidas, and, preferring to comfort her father in
sent to Croesus a crater of bronze ornamented with his adversity, accompanied him in his flight to
figures. (Herod. i. 70. )
[P. S. ] Tegea. Afterwards, when Leonidas was restored,
CHARYBDIS. (SCYLLA. ]
and Cleombrotus in his turn was driven to take
CHEILON or CHILON (Xelaw, Xlaw). refuge in the temple of Poseidon, Cheilonis joined him
1. Of Lacedaemon, son of Damagetus, and one of in his altered fortunes, saved his life by her entreaties
the Seven Sages, flourished towards the commence from her father's vengeance, and, again refusing
ment of the 6th century B. C. Herodotus (i. 59) to share the splendour of throne, went with him
speaks of him as contemporary with Hippocrates, into banishment ; " so that, bad not Cleombrotus,
the father of Peisistratus, and Diogenes Laërtius says Plutarch, “ been spoilt by vain ambition, his
tells
us, that he was an old man in the 52nd Olym- wife's love would have made him deem his exile a
piad (8. c. 572), and held the office of Ephor more blessed lot than the kingdom which he lost. ”
Eponymus ir Ol. 56. (B. C. 556. ) In the same (Plut. Agis, 11, 12, 16-18. )
[E. E. )
author there is a passage which appears to ascribe
CHEIRI'SOPHUS (X exploooos), a Lacedae-
to Cheilon the institution of the Ephoralty, but monian, was sent by the Ephors with 700 heavy-
this contradicts the other well known and more armed men (800 according to Diodorus), to aid
authentic traditions. On the authority also of Cyrus in his expedition against his brother Arta-
Alcidamas the rhetorician (ap. Arist. Rhet. ü. 23. / xerxes, B. C. 401, and joined the prince on his
1
:
16
2 y 2
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692
CHEIRISOPHUS.
CHEIRON.
march at Issus in Cilicia. (Diod. xiv 19, 21; / statue, is not satisfactory. (Epochen, pp. 137–
Xen. Anab. i. 4. & 3. ) After the battle of Cunaxa, 139. ) Thiersch has also observed, that the name
Clearchus sent him with others to Ariaeus to make of Cheirisophus, like many other names of the
an offer, which however was declined, of placing early artists, is significant of skill in art (reip,
him on the Persian throne (p. 283, b. ). After opós). Other names of the same kind are, Dae-
the arrest of Clcarchus and the other generals, dalus (Daidalos) the son of Eupalamus (Evráda-
through the treachery of Tissaphernes, Cheirisophus uos), Eucheir (Eřxeip), Chersiphiron (Xepoiopwv),
took an active part in encouraging the troops and and others. Now, granting that Daedalus is no
in otherwise providing for the emergency, and, on thing more than a mythological personage, and that
the motion of Xenophon, was appointed, as being his name was merely symbolical, there can be no
a Lacedaemonian, to lead the van of the retreating doubt that others of these artists really existed and
army. In this post we find him subsequently bore these names, which were probably given to
acting throughout the retreat, and cordially co them in their infancy because they belonged to
operating with Xenophon. In fact it was only families in which art was hereditary. Thiersch
once that any difference arose between them, and quotes a parallel case in the nanies taken from
that was caused by Cheirisophus having struck, in navigation among the maritime people of Phaencia.
a fit of angry suspicion, an Armenian who was (Hom. Od, viii, 112, &c. )
guiding them, and who left them in consequence Pausanias mentions also two shrines of Dionysus,
of the indignity. (Diod. xiv. 27 ; Xen. Anab. iii. an altar of Cora, and a temple of Apollo, but the
2. $ 33, &c. , 3. SS 3, 11, 4. SS 38–43, 5. SS way in which he speaks leaves it doubtful whether
1-6, iv. 1. SS 6, 15–22, 2. & 23, &c. , iii. SS 8, Cheirisophus erected these, as well as the statue of
25, &c. , 6. SS 1-3. ) When the Greeks had Apollo, or only the statue.
[P. S. ]
arrived at Trapezus on the Euxine, Cheirisophus CHEIRON (Xelpwv), the wisest and justest of
volunteered to go to his friend Anaxibius, the all the centaurs. (Hom. Il. xi. 831. ) He was the
Spartan admiral at Byzantium, to obtain a sufficient instructor of Achilles, whose father Peleus was a
number of ships to transport them to Europe ; but friend and relative of Cheiron, and received at his
he was not successful in his application. (Diod. wedding with Thetis the heary lance which was
xiv. 30, 31; Xen. Anal. v. 1. § 4, vi. l. § 16. ) subsequently used by Achilles. (Il. xvi. 143, xix.
On his return to the army, which he found at 390. ) According to Apollodorus (i. 2. & 4), Cheiron
Sinope, he was chosen commander-in-chief, Xeno- was the son of Cronus and Philyra. He lived on
phon baring declined for himself the proffered mount Pelion, from which he, like the other cen-
honour on the express ground of the prior claim of taurs, was expelled by the Lapithae ; but sacrifices
a Lacedaemonian. (Anub. vi. 1. SS 18–33. ) were offered to him there by the Magnesians un-
Cheirisophus, however, was unable to enforce sub- til a very late period, and the family of the Chei-
mission to his authority, or to restrain the Arca- ronidae in that neighbourhood, who were distin-
dian and Achaean soldiers from their profligate guished for their knowledge of medicine, were
attempt to plunder the hospitable Heracleots; and, regarded as his descendants. (Plut. Sympos. iii. l; .
on the sixth or seventh day from his election, Müller, Orchom. p. 249. ) Cheiron himself had
these troops, who formed more than half the been instructed by Apollo and Artemis, and was
army, separated themselves from the rest, and de renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine, music,
parted by sea under ten generals whom they had gymnastics, and the art of prophecy. (Xen. Cyncg.
appointed. Xenophon then offered to continue 1; Philostr. Her. 9, Icon. ii. 2; Pind. Pyth. ix. 65. )
the march with the remainder of the forces, under All the most distinguished heroes of Grecian story
the command of Cheirisophus, but the latter de- are, like Achilles, described as the pupils of Chei-
clined the proposal by the advice of Neon, who ron in these arts. His friendship with Peleus, who
hoped to find vessels at Calpe furnished by Clean- was his grandson, is particularly celebrated. Chei-
der, the Spartan Harmost at Byzantium, and ron saved him from the hands of the other centaurs,
wished to reserve them exclusively for their own who were on the point of killing him, and he also
portion of the army. With the small division yet restored to him the sword which Acastus had con-
under his command, Cheirisophus arrived safely at cealed. (Apollod. iii. 13. $ 3, &c. ) Cheiron fur-
Calpe, where he died from the effects of a medicine ther informed him in wbat manner he might gain
which he had taken for a fever. (Xen. Anab. vi. possession of Thetis, who was doomed to marry a
2. $ 4, 4. $ 11. )
[E. E. ] mortal. He is also connected with the story of
CHEIRI'SOPHUS (Xerpigopos), a statuary in the Argonauts, whom he received kindly when
wood and probably in stone. A gilt wooden they came to his residence on their voyage, for
statue of Apollo Agyieus, made by him, stood at many of the heroes were his friends and pupils.
Tegea, and near it was a statue in stone of the (Apollon. Rhod. i. 554; Orph. Argon. 375, &c. )
artist himself, which was most probably also his Heracles too was connected with him by friend-
own work. (Paus. viii. 53. $ 3. ) Pausanias knew ship; but one of the poisoned arrows of this hero
nothing of his age or of his teacher; but from the was nevertheless the cause of his death, for during
way in which he mentions him in connexion with his struggle with the Erymanthian boar, Heracles
the Cretan school of Daedalus, and from his work- / became involved in a fight with the centaurs, who
ing both in wood and stone, he is probably to be filed to Cheiron, in the neighbourhood of Malea.
placed with the latest of the Daedalian sculptors, Heracles shot at them, and one of his arrows struck
such as Dipoenus and Scyllis (about B. C. 566). Cheiron, who, although immortal, would not live
Böckh considers the erection by the artist of his any longer, and gave his immortality to Prome-
own statue as an indication of a later date (Corp. theus. According to others, Cheiron, in looking
Inscrip. i. p. 19); but his arguments are satisfac- at one of the arrows, dropped it on his foot, and
torily answered by Thiersch, who also shews that wounded himself. (Ovid. Fast. v. 397; Hygin.
the 'reply of Hernann to Böckh, that Pausanias Poet. Astr. ii. 38. ) Zeus placed Cheiron among
does not say that Cheirisophus made his own | the stars. He had been married to Naïs or Cha-
;
## p. 693 (#713) ############################################
CHERA.
693
CHERSIPHRON.
