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CHARIDEMUS.
It was
art.
at the entrance of the harbour of Rhodes. There CHARICLEIDES (Xapukleids), a writer of
is no authority for the statement that its legs ex- the new comedy, of uncertain date. A play of his
tended over the mouth of the harbour.
called "Anvois (the Chain) is quoted by Athenaeus
overthrown and broken to pieces by an earthquake (vii. p. 325, d. ).
[E. E. ]
50 years after its erection. (B. C. 224, Euseb. CHIARICLEITUS (Xapíka eiTOS), one of the
Chron. , and Chron. Pasch, sub Ol. 139. 1 ; Polyb. commanders of the Rhodiau fleet, which, in B. C.
v. 88, who places the carthquake a little later, in 190, defeated that of Antiochus the Great under
B. C. 218. ) Strabo (xiv. p. 652) says, that an Hannibal and Apollonius, off Side in Pamphylia.
oracle forbade the Rhodians to restore it. (See (Liv. xxxiv. 23, 24. )
(E. E. ]
also Philo Byzant. de VII Orbis Siraculis, c. iv. CHARICLES (Xapıkañs), an eminent physi-
p. 15. ) The fragments of the colossus remained cian at Rome, who sometimes attended on the
on the ground 923 years, till they were sold by Emperor Tiberius, and who is said to have pre-
Moawiyeh, the general of the caliph Othman IV. dicted his approaching death from the weak siate
to a Jew of Emesa, who carried thein away on 900 of his pulsc, a. D. 37. (Suet. Tilr. 72; Tac.
camels. (A. D. 672. ) Hence Scaliger calculated Ann. vi. 50. ) Some medical formulae are pre-
the weight of the bronze at 700,000 pounds. served by Galen (De Compos. Medicum. sec. Locos.
Considering the mechanical difficulties both of ii. 1, 2. vol
. xii. pp. 556, 579, &c. ) which may
modelling and of casting so large a statue, the nicety perhaps belong to the same person. [W. A. G. )
required to fit together the separate pieces in CHARICLO (Xapırna). ]. The wife of the
which it must necessarily have been cast, and the centaur Cheiron, and mother of Carystus. She
skill needed to adjust its proportions, according to was a daughter of Apollo, and according to others
the laws of optics, and to adapt the whole style of of Perses or of Oceanus. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth.
the composition to its enormous size, we must iv. 181; Ov. Met. ii. 636. )
ssign to Chares a high place as an inventor in his 2. A nymph, the wife of Eueres and mother of
Teiresias. It was at her request that Teiresias,
There are extant Rhodian coins, bearing the who had been blinded by Athena, obtained from
head of the Sun surrounded with rays, probably this goddess the power to understand the voices of
copied from the statue of Chares or from some of the birds, and to walk with his black staff as safely
the other colossal statues of the sun at Rhodes. as if he saw. (Apollod. iii. 6. § 7; Callim. Hymn.
(Eckhel, Doct. Num. ii. pp. 602-3; Rasche, Ler. in Pall. 67, &c. )
(L. S. ]
Unir. Rei Num. $. v. Rhodus, A. , b. , ll, &c. ) CHARIDEMUS (Xaplonuos). l. Of Euboea,
There are two epigrams on the colossus in the son of a woman of Orcus by an obscure father, if
Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. i. p. 143, iii. we may believe the account of Demosthenes in a
pp. 198-9; Jacobs, i. 74, iv. 166. Respecting speech filled with invective against him. (Dem.
these epigrams, and the question whether Laches c. Aristocr. p. 691. ) On the same authority, we
completed the work which Chares commenced, see learn that he began his military career as a slinger
Jacobs, Comment. i. 1, pp. 257-8, iii. 2, p. 8, and among the light-armed, that he then became com-
Böttiger, Andeutungen zu 24 Vorträgen über die mander of a pirate vessel, and finally the captain
Archäologie, pp. 199–201. )
[P. S. ] of a mercenary band of “free companions. " (Dem.
CHARICLES (Xapisans), an Athenian dema- c. Aristocr. pp. 668, 669. ) In this capacity he first
gogue, son of Apollodorus, was one of the commis- entered the Athenian service under Iphicrates,
sioners ($ntntal) appointed to investigate the who had been sent against Amphipolis, about B. C.
affair of the mutilation of the Hermae in B. C. 415, 367. At the end of somewhat more than three
on which occasion he inflamed the passions of the years, Amphipolis agreed to surrender to the Athe-
people, by representing the outrage as connected nians, and delivered hostages to Iphicrates for
with a plot for the destruction of the democracy. the performance of the promise: these, on being
(Thuc. vi. 27–29, 53, 60, &c. ; Andoc. de Myst. superseded by Timotheus, he entrusted to Chari-
p. 6. ) In B. C. 413 he was sent in command of a demus, who restored them to the Amphipolitans in
squadron round the Peloponnesus together with spite of the decree of the Athenian people requir-
Demosthenes, and succeeded with him in fortifying ing them to be sent to Athens, and then passed
a small peninsula on the coast of Laconia, to serve over to Cotys, king of Thrace, who was hostile to
as a position for annoying the enemy. (Thuc. vii. the Athenians at the time. In B. C. 360, when
20, 26. ) In B. c. 404 he was appointed one of the Timotheus was meditating his attack on Amphi-
thirty tyrants; nor did he relinquish under the polis, Charidemus was engaged to enter the service
new government the coarse arts of the demagogue of the Olynthians, who were preparing to defend
which had distinguished him under the democracy, it; but, on his passage from Cardia in the Cherso-
still striving to curry favour with the dominant nesus, he was captured by the Athenians, and con-
party by an unscrupulous advocacy of their most sented to aid them against Olynthus. After the
violent and tyrannical measures.
We may con- failure of Timotheus at Amphipolis in the same
clude, that he was one of the remnant of the Thirty rear, Charidemus crossed over to Asia and entered
who withdrew to Eleusis on the establishment of the service of Memnon and Mentor, brothers-in-
the council of Ten, and who, according to Xeno- law of Artabazus, who had been imprisoned by
phon, were treacherously murdered in a conference | Autophradates, but whose cause they still main-
by the leaders of the popular party on the restora- tained. [ARTABAZUS, No. 4. ] He deceived his
tion of democracy in B. C. 403. (Xen. Hell. ij. 3. employers, however, and seized the towns of Scep-
$ 2, 4. SS 24, 43, Mem. i. 2. $$ 31, &c. ; Arist. sis, Cebren, and Ilium ; but, being closely pressed
Polit
. v. 6, ed. Bekk. ; Lys. c. Erat. p. 125; Isocr. by Artabazus after his release from prison, he ap
de Big. p. 355, d. ) In the passage last referred to plied to the Athenians to interpose in his behalf,
Charicles is mentioned as having been driven into promising to help them in recovering the Cherso-
banishment previously to his appointment as one nesus. Artabazus, however, allowed him to depart
of the tyrants.
[E. E. ] uninjured, by the advice of Memnon and Mentor,


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CILARIDEMUS.
685
CILARILAUS.
.
before the arrival of the Athenian squadron des xiii
. 49; Deinarch. c. Dem. p. 91, ad fin. ) It was
tined for the Hellespont under Cephisodotus ; and perhaps this samc Charidemus whom the Athenians,
Charidemus, on his return to Europe, in spite of had they not been restrained by Phocion's party,
his promisc, lent his services to Cotys, whose would have made general to act against Philip after
daughter he married, and laid siege to Crithote the battle of Chaeroneia, B. C. 338, and who, being
and Elaeus. (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 669-674. ) On at the court of Macedonia as an envoy at the time
the murder of Cotys, B. C. 358, he adhered to the of Philip's murder, B. C. 336, transmitted to De-
cause of Cersobleptes, on whosc behalf he conducted mosthenes, whose friend he was, the earliest intel-
the struggle with the Athcnians, both by war and ligence of that event. (Plut. Phoc. 16; Dem. 22;
diplomacy, for the possession of the Chersonesus. Acsch. c. Ctes. p. 64. ) He was one of the orators
He compelled Cephisodotus to submit, with respect whose surrender was required by Alexander in
to it, to a compromise most unfavourable to his B. C. 335, after the destruction of Thebes, and the
country; and though Athenodorus (uniting with only one in whose behalf he refused to recede from
Amadocus and Berisides, and taking advaninge of his demand on the mediation of Demades. Chari-
the national indignation excited by the murder of demus, being thus obliged to leave his country,
Miltocythes, which Charidemus bad procured from fied to Asia, and took refuge with Dareius, by
the Cardians) obliged Cersobleptes to consent to a whose orders he was summarily put to death in
threefold division of the kingdom, and to the sur- B. C. 333, shortly before the battle of Issus, having
render of the Chersonesus to Athens,—yet, on the exasperated the king by some advice, too freely
arrival of Chabrias with only one ship, the crafty given, tending to abate liis confidence in his power
Euboean again renounced the treaty, and drove the land in the courage of his native troops. (Arr.
Athenian general to accept another still more un- Anal. i. 10; Plut. Dem. 23, Phoc. 17; Diod. xvii.
favourable to Athens than that of Cephisodotus. 15, 30; Deinarch. c. Dem. p. 94. ) Diodorus (xvii.
But this was repudiated by the Athenians; and, 30) speaks of Charidemus as having been high in
at length, after much fruitless negotiation, Chares favour with Philip of Macedon; but the inconsis-
having arrived in the Hellespont with a sufficient tency of this with several of the authorities above
force and with the authority of commander auto referred to is pointed out by Wesseling. ( Ad Diod.
crator, Charidemus consented to ratify the treaty loc. )
(E. E. ]
of Athenodorus, still, however, contriving to retain
CHARIDEʻMUS (Xapíônuos), a Greek phy-
the town of Cardia ; and his partizans among the sician, who was one of the followers of Erasistratus
orators at Athens having persuaded the people that and probably lived in the third century B. C. He
they owed to him the cession of the Chersonesus is mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus (De Horb.
(a strange delusion, if the narrative of events in Acut. iii. 15. p. 227), and was probably the father
Demosthenes may be depended on), they rewarded of the physician Hermogenes. [W. A. G. )
his supposed services with the franchise of the city CHARILA'US (Xapiaaus). 1. Brother of Mae
and a golden crown. (Dem. C. Aristocr. pp. 650, andrius, tyrant of Samos. When the Persians in-
674—682; Arist. Rhet. ii. 23. & 17; comp. Isocr. vaded the island, towards the commencement of
de Pac. p. 169, c. ) This appears to have been in the reign of Dareius Hystaspis, for the purpose of
B. C. 357. In B. C. 352, hoping perhaps to recover establishing Syloson, the brother of Polycrates, in
Amphipolis through his aid, they passed a decree the tyranny, Maeandrius submitted to them, and
in spite of the opposition of Demosthenes and his agreed to abdicate; but Charilaiis, who was some
party (c. Aristocr. passim), pronouncing the person what crazy, obtained leave from his brother to fall
of Charidemus inviolable, and rendering any one with a body of soldiers on a party of the most dis-
who should kill him amenable to justice from any tinguished Persians, who were sitting in front of
part of the Athenian empire. (CerSOBLEPres. ] the acropolis, and waiting for the ratification of the
In B. C. 349, after the recall of Chares, Charidemus treaty. The consequence of this treacherous mur-
was appointed by the Athenians as commander in der was a wholesale massacre of the Samians by
the Olynthian war. In conjunction with the order of the Persian general, Otanes. (Herod. iii.
Olynthians, he ravaged Pallone and Bottiaea, 144-149. )
which seem to have been then in the hands of 2. An Italian Greek, one of the chief men of
Philip; but he caused much offence by his insolent Palaepolis, who, together with Nymphius, betrayed
and profligate conduct at Olynthus, and in the the town to Q. Publilius Philo, the Roman procon-
ensuing year he was superseded and replaced by sul, in the second Samnite war (B. C. 323), and drove
Chares. (Philochor. up. Dionys. p. 735; Theopomp. out the Samnite garrison. (Liv. viii. 25,26. ) [E. E. ]
ar. Athen. X. p. 436, c. ) Henceforth he disappears CHARILA'US (Xapínavs), a Locrian, and a
from history, though he has been identified by dramatic poet. Whether he wrote tragedies or
some with the Charidemus mentioned immediately comedies is uncertain, nor is anything further
below, in opposition, we think, to internal evidence. known of him than that plays of his were repre-
(Mitford's (reece, ch. 48, sec. 1; Thirlwall's Greece, sented at Athens in B. C. 328. (Fabric. Bil
vol. v. p. 192, note 4, vol. vi. p. 101. )
Graec. ii. p. 428, ed. Harles. ) [E. E. ]
2. An Athenian, who in B. C. 358 was sent with CHARILA'US or CHARI'LLUS (Xapixaos,
Antiphon as ambassador to Philip of Macedon, Xápillos), a king of Sparta, son of Polydectes,
ostensibly to confirm the friendship between the and 7th of the Eurypontids, is said by Plutarch to
king and the Athenians, but authorized to nego- have received his name from the general joy ex-
tiate with him secretly for the recovery of Amphi- cited by the justice of his uncle Lycurgus when he
polis, and to promise that the republic, in return placed him, yet a new-born infant, on the royal
for it, would make him master of Prdna. This sent, and bade the Spartans acknowledge him for
was the Ipuloúuevóv Tote dropontov to which their king. (Plut. Lyc. 3; Paus. ii. 36; Just.
Demosthenes refers in Olynth. ii. p. 19, ad fin. iii. 2; Schol. ad Plat. Rep. x. p. 474. ) Accord-
(Theopomp. ap. Suid. s. v. II dati tò év Tois ing to Plutarch, the reforms projected by Lycurgus
A nuoouévous MATTIKOTS, k. T, do; comp. Diod. I on his return from his voluntary exile at first


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686
CHARIS.
CHARIS.
alarmed Charilaüs for his personal safety ; but he | The Homeric poems mention only one Charis, or
soon became reassured, and co-operated with his an indefinite number in the plural, and from the
uncle in the promotion of his plans. (Plut. Lyc. passage in which Pasithen is mentioned, it would
5. ) Yet this is not very consistent with Aris almost seem as if the poet would intimate that he
totle's statement (Polit. v. 12, ed. Bekk. ), that an was thinking of a great number of Charites and of
aristocratic government was established on the a division of them into classes. Hesiod distinctly
ruins of the tyranny of Charilans, which latter mentions three Charites, whose names are Euphro-
account again is still less reconcileable with the syne, Aglaia, and Thalia, and this number as well
assertion of Plutarch (1. c. ), that the kingly power as these names subsequently became generally
had lost all its substance when Lycurgus began to established, although certain places in Greece re-
remodel the constitution. There is, liowever, much lained their ancient and established number. Thus
probability in the explanation offered as an hypo- the Spartans had only two Charites, Cleta and
thesis by Thirlwall. (Greece, vol. i. p. 299, &c. ) Phaënna, and the Athenians the same number,
We hear from Pausanias that Charilaus was en- Auxo and Hegemone, who were worshipped there
gaged successfully in a war with the Argives, from the earliest times. Hermesianax added
which had slumbered for two generations. He Peitho as a third. (Paus. ix. 35. ) Sostratus (ap.
aided also his colleague Archelaus in destroying Eustath. ad Hom.