call particular, he suffers in
character
as the reputed
her, Demodice, the wife of Creteus, who on account author of the selfish maxim Oidea as wionoortas;
of her love for Phrixus meeting with no return, and there is a certain ungallant dilemma on the
accused him before Athamas.
her, Demodice, the wife of Creteus, who on account author of the selfish maxim Oidea as wionoortas;
of her love for Phrixus meeting with no return, and there is a certain ungallant dilemma on the
accused him before Athamas.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Hence we may infer that Besantinus was banished through the efforts of C.
Gracchus in 123.
a Rhodian.
(Cic. Brut. 34 ; comp. Vell. Pat. ii. 7; Plut. C.
An author of this name is repeatedly quoted in Gracch. 4. ). This made him popular with the
the Etymologicum Magnum (pp. 608, 1. 57, 685, aristocratical party, who then bad the chief power
1. 56, Sylb. ), whom Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. 772) in the state ; and it was through their influence
rightly identifies with the Helladius Besantinus doubtless that he obtained the consulship in 1ll.
of Photius. [HELLADIUS. ] The name is also spelt The war against Jugurtha was assigned to him.
Bisantinus. (Bloavtīvos, Etym. Mag. p. 212. 49; He prosccuted it at first with the greatest vigour;
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv. p. 467. ) [P. S. ] but when Jugurtha offered him and his legate, M.
BESSUS (Bñosos), was satrap of Bactria in Scaurus, large sums of money, he concluded a
The time of Dareius III. (Codomannus), who saw peace with the Numidian without consulting the
reason to suspect him of treachery soon after the senate, and returned to Rome to hold the comitia.
battle of Issus, and summoned him accordingly His conduct excited the greatest indignation at
from his satrapy to Babylon, where he was col Rome, and the aristocracy was obliged to yield to
lecting forces for the continuance of the war. the wishes of the people, and allow an investigation
(Curt. iv. 6. § 1. ) At the battle of Arbela, B. c. into the whole natter. A bill was introduced for
331, Bessus commanded the left wing of the Per- the purpose by C. Mamilius Limetanis, and three
sian army, and was thus directly opposed to Alex- commissioners or judges (quaesitores) appointed, ono
## p. 486 (#506) ############################################
486
BIANOR.
BIBACULUS.
of whom Scaurus contrived to be chosen. Many men BIAS (Blas), son of Amythaon, and brother of
of high rank were condemned, and Bestia among the seer Melampus. He married Pero, daughter
the rest, B. c. 110. The nature of Bestin's punish- of Neleus, whom her father had refused to give
ment is not mentioned ; but he was living at Rome to any one unless he brought him the oxen of
in B. c. 90, in which year he went voluntarily into Iphiclus. These Melampus obtained by his courage
exile, after the passing of the Varia lex, by which and skill, and so won the princess for his brother.
all were to be brought to trial who had been en- (Schol. ad Theocrit. Idyll. iii. 43; Schol. ad Apoll.
gaged in exciting the Italians to revolt.
Rhod. i. 118; Pans. iv. 36 ; comp. Hom. Odyss.
Bestia possessed many good qualities ; he was xi. 286, &c. , xv. 231. ) Through his brother also
prudent, active, and capable of enduring fatigue, not Bias is said to have gained a third of the kingdom
gnorant of warfare, and undismayed by ger; of Argos, Melampus having insisted upon it in his
but his greediness of gain spoilt all. (Cic. 1. c. ; behalf
, as part of the condition on which alone he
Sall. Jug. 27-29, 40, 65; Appian, B. C. i. 37 ; would cure the daughters of Proetus and the other
Val. Max. viii. 6. § 4. )
Argive women of their madness. According to
2. L. CALPURNIUS Bestia, probably a grand- Pausanias, the Biantidae continued to rule in
son of the preceding, was one of the Catilinarian Argos for four generations. Apollonius Rhodius
conspirators, and is mentioned by Sallust as tri- mentions three sons of Bias among the Argonauts,
bune of the plebs in the year in which the con- -Talaus, Arëius, and Leodocus. (Herod. ix. 34;
spiracy was detected, B. c. 63. It appears, how- Pind. Nem. ix. 30 ; Schol. ad. loc. , Diod. iv. 68;
ever, that he was then only tribune designatus ; Paus. ii. 6, 18; Apoll. Rhod. i. 118. ) Ac-
and that he held the office in the following year, cording to the received reading in Diod. iv. 68,
B. C. 62, though he entered upon it, as usual, on “ Bias" was also the name of a son of Melam-
the 10th of December, 63. It was agreed among pus by Iphianeira, daughter of Megapenthes ;
the conspirators, that Bestia should make an attack but it has been proposed to read “ Abas,” in ac-
upon Cicero in the popular assembly, and that this cordance with Paus. i. 43; Apoll. Rhod. i. 142 ;
should be the signal for their rising in the follow- Apollod. i. 9.
(E. E. ]
ing night. The vigilance of Cicero, however, as is BIAS (Blas), of Priene in lonia, is always
well known, prevented this. (Sall. Cut. 17, 43; reckoned among the Seven Sages, and is mention-
Appian, B. C. ii. 3; Plut. Cic. 23 ; Schol. Bob. ed by Dicaearchus (ap. Diog. Laërt. i. 41) as one
pro Sest. p. 294, pro Sull. p. 366, ed Orelli. ) of the Four to whom alone that title was universally
Bestia was aedile in B. C. 59, and was an un- given-the remaining three being Thales, Pittacus,
successful candidate for the praetorship in 57, not and Solon. We do not know the exact period at
withstanding his bribery, for which he was brought which Bias lived, but it appears from the reference
to trial in the following year and condemned. He made to him by the poet Hipponax, who flourish-
was defended by his former enemy, Cicero, who ed about the middle of the sixth century B. C. ,
had now become reconciled to him, and speaks of that he had by that time become distinguished for
him as his intimate friend in his oration for Caelius. his skill as an advocate, and for his use of it in
(c. 11. ) After Caesar's death, Bestia attached defence of the right. (Diog. Laërt. i. 84, 88 ;
himself to Antony, whom he accompanied to Mu- Strab. xiv. p. 636. ) Diogenes Laertius informs
tina in B. c. 43, in hopes of obtaining the consulship us, that he died at a very advanced age, immedi-
in the place of M. Brutus, although he had not ately after pleading successfully the cause of a
been praetor. (Cic. Phil. xiii. 12, ad Qu. Fr. ii. friend : by the time the votes of the judges had
3, Phil. xi. 5, xii. 8, xiii. 2. )
been taken, he was found to have expired. Like
BETILIENUS or BETÍLLI'NUS. (BASSUS, the rest of the Seven Sages, with the exception of
Betilienus. ]
Thales, the fame of Bias was derived, not from
BETU'CIUS BARRUS. [BARRUS. ) philosophy, as the word is usually understood, but
BIA (Bía), the personification of mighty force, from a certain practical wisdom, moral and politi-
is described as the daughter of the Titan Pallas cal, the fruit of experience. Many of his sayings
and Styx, and as a sister of Zelos, Cratos, and Nice. and doings are recorded by Diogenes Laërtius, in
(Hesiod. Theog. 385; Aeschyl. Prom. 12. ) [L. S. ] his rambling uncritical way, and by others. In
BIA'DICE (Biaginn), or, as some MSS.
call particular, he suffers in character as the reputed
her, Demodice, the wife of Creteus, who on account author of the selfish maxim Oidea as wionoortas;
of her love for Phrixus meeting with no return, and there is a certain ungallant dilemma on the
accused him before Athamas. Athamas therefore subject of marriage, which we find fathered upon
wanted to kill his son, but he was saved by Ne- him in Aulus Gellius. (Herod. i 27, 170 ;
phele. (Hygin. Poët. Astr, ü. 20; Schol. ad Pind. Aristot. Rhrt. ii. 13. § 4; Cic. de Amic. 16,
Pyth. iv. 288; comp. ATHAMAS. ) (L. S. ) Parad, i. ; Diod. Exc. p. 552, ed. Wess ; Gell.
BIA'NOR, an ancient hero of the town of Man- v. 11; Diog. Laërt. i. 82-88; comp. Herod.
tua, was a son of Tiberis and Manto, and was also i. 20 – 22 ; Plut. Sol. 4. )
(E. E. )
called Ocnus or Aucnus. He is said to have built BIBA'CULUS, the name of a family of the
the town of Mantua, and to have called it after Furia gens.
his mother. According to others, Ocnus was a 1. L. FURIUS BIBACULUS, quaestor, fell in the
son or brother of Auletes, the founder of Perusia, battle of Cannae, B. c. 216. (Liv. xxii. 49. )
and emigrated to Gaul, where he built Cesena. 2. L. Furius BIBACULUS, a pious and religious
(Serv. ad Virg. Ed. ix. 60, Aen. x. 198. ) [L. S. ) man, who, when he was praetor, carried, at the
BIA'NOR (Blávwp), a Bithynian, the author of command of his father, the magister of the college
twenty-one epigrams in the Greek Anthology, of the Salii, the ancilia with his six lictors preced-
lired under the emperors Augustus and Tiberius. ing him, although he was exempted from this duty
His epigrams were included by Philip of Thessalo by virtue of his praetorship. (Val. Max. i. 1. $ ;
nica in his collection. (Jacobs, xiii. p. 868; Fabric. Lactant. i. 21. )
Bill. Gracc. iv. p. 467. )
[P. S. ] 3. M. Furius BiBACULU'S. See below.
## p. 487 (#507) ############################################
BIBACULUS.
487
BIBULUS.
i
Onun
berdeen
ܬܪ̈ܘܽ ܠܝܶ
BEL
it. bo:
de
LE]
4. គ
resses
are
BIBACULUS, M. FU'RIUS, who is classed | Tacitus (Ann. iv. 34), that the writings of Biba-
by Quintilian (x. 1. & 96) along with Catullus and culus were stuffed with insults against the first
Horace as one of the most distinguished of the two Caesars—a consideration which will serve to
Roman satiric iambographers, and who is in like explain also the hostility displayed by the favourite
manner ranked by Diomedes, in his chapter on of the Augustan court towards Catullus, whose ta-
iambic verse (p. 482, ed. Putsch. ) with Archilochus lents and taste were as fully and deservedly appre-
and Hipponax, among the Greeks, and with Luci- ciated by his countrymen and contemporaries as
lius, Catullus, and Horice, among the Latins, they have been by modern critics, but whose praises
was born, according to St. Jerome in the Eusebian were little likely to sound pleasing in the ears of
chronicle, at Cremona in the year B. c. 103. From the adopted son and heir of the dictator Julius.
the scanty and unimportant specimens of his works Lastly, by comparing some expressions of the
transmitted to modern times, we are scarcely in a elder Pliny (Praef. H. N. ) with hints dropped by
condition to form any estimate of his powers. A Suetonius (de Illustr. Gr. c. 4) and Macrobius (Su-
single senarian is quoted by Suetonius (de Illustr. turn. ii. 1), there is room for a conjecture, that
Gr. c. 9), containing an allusion to the loss of me- Bibaculus made a collection of celebrated jests and
mory sustained in old age by the famous Orbilius witticisms, and gave the compilation to the world
Pupillus; and the same author (c. 11) has pre- under the title of Lucubrationes.
served two short epigrams in hendecasyllabic mea- We must carefully avoid confounding Furius
bure, not remarkable for good taste or good feeling, Bibaculus with the Furius who was imitated in
in which Bibaculus sneers at the poverty to which several passages of the Aeneid, and from whose
his friend, Valerius Cato (VALERIUS CATO), had Annals, extending to eleven books at least, we
been reduced at the close of life, as contrasted with find some extracts in the Saturnalia. (Macrob. Sa-
the splendour of the villa which that unfortunate turn. vi. l; Compare Merula, ad Enn. Ann. p. xli. )
poet and grammarian had at one period possessed The latter was named in full Aulus Furius Antias.
at Tusculum, but which had been seized by his and to bim L. Lutatius Catulus, colleague of M.
importunate creditors. In addition to these frag- Marius in the consulship of B. c. 102, addressed
ments, a dactylic hexameter is to be found in the an account of the campaign against the Cimbri.
Scholiast on Juvenal (viii. 16), and a scrap consist (Cic. Brut. c. 35. ) To this Furius Antias are at
ing of three words in Charisius (p. 102, ed. Putsch. ). attributed certain lines found in Aulus Gellius
We have good reason, however, to believe that (xviii. 11), and brought under review on account
Bibaculus did not confine his efforts to pieces of a of the affected neoterisms with which they abound.
light or sarcastic tone, but attempted themes of Had we any fair pretext for calling in question
more lofty pretensions. It seems certain that he the authority of the summaries prefixed to the
published a poem on the Gaulish wars, entitled chapters of the Noctes Atticae, we should feel
Pragmatia Belli Gallici, and it is probable that he strongly disposed to follow G. J. Voss, Lambinus,
was the author of another upon some of the legends and Heindorf, in assigning these follies to the am-
connected with the Aethiopian allies of king Priam. bitious Bibaculus rather than to the chaste and
The former is known to us only from an unlucky simple Antias, whom even Virgil did not disdain
metaphor cleverly parodied by Horace, who takes to copy. (Weichert, Poet. Latin. Reliqu. ) (W. R. )
occasion at the same time to ridicule the obese ro- BI'BULUS, a cognomen of the plebeian Cal-
tundity of person which distinguished the com- pumia gens.
poser. (Hor. Serm. ii. 5. 41, and the notes of the 1. L. CALPURNIUS BIBULUS, obtained each of
Scholiast ; comp. Quintil. viii. 6. S 17. ) The ex- the public magistracies in the same year as C.
istence of the latter depends upon our acknowledg- Julius Caesar. He was curule aedile in B. C. 65,
ing that the “turgidus Alpinus” represented in the praetor in 62, and consul in 59.
Caesar was
epistle to Julius Florus (1. 103) as “murdering anxious to obtain L. Lucceius for his colleague in
Memnon, and polluting by his turbid descriptions the consulship; but as Lucceius was a thorough
the fair fountains of the Rhine, is no other than partizan of Caesar's, while Bibulus was opposed to
Bibaculus. The evidence for this rests entirely him, the aristocratica party used every effort to
upon an emendation introduced by Bentley into secure the election of the latter, and contributed
the text of the old commentators on the above large sums of money for this purpose. (Suet. Caes.
passage, but the correction is so simple, and tallies 19. ) Bibulus, accordingly, gained his election, but
so well with the rest of the annotation, and with was able to do but very little for his party. After
the circumstances of the case, that it may be pro- an ineffectual attempt to oppose Caesar's agrarian
nounced almost certain. The whole question is law, he withdrew from the popular assemblies al-
fully and satisfactorily discussed in the disserta- together, and shut himself up in his own house for
tion of Weichert in bis Poet. Latin. Reliqu. p. 331, the remainder of the year; whence it was said in
&c. Should we think it worth our while to joke, that it was the consulship of Julius and Cae-
inquire into the cause of the enmity thus mani- He confined his opposition to publishing
fested by Horace towards a brother poet whose edicts against Caesar's measures : these were
age might have commanded forbearance if not re widely circulated among his party, and greatly ex-
spect,
it
may perhaps be plausibly ascribed tolled as pieces of composition. (Suet. Caes. 9. 49;
indisposition which had been testified on the part Cic. ad Att. ii. 19, 20; Plut. Pomp. 48 ; comp.
of the elder bard to recognise the merits of his Cic. Brut. 77. ) To vitiate Caesar's measures, he
youthful competitor, and possibly to some expres- also pretended, that he was observing the skies,
sion of indignation at the presumptuous freedom while his colleague was engaged in the comitia
with which Lucilius, the idol and model of the old (Cic. pro Dom.
a Rhodian.
(Cic. Brut. 34 ; comp. Vell. Pat. ii. 7; Plut. C.
An author of this name is repeatedly quoted in Gracch. 4. ). This made him popular with the
the Etymologicum Magnum (pp. 608, 1. 57, 685, aristocratical party, who then bad the chief power
1. 56, Sylb. ), whom Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. 772) in the state ; and it was through their influence
rightly identifies with the Helladius Besantinus doubtless that he obtained the consulship in 1ll.
of Photius. [HELLADIUS. ] The name is also spelt The war against Jugurtha was assigned to him.
Bisantinus. (Bloavtīvos, Etym. Mag. p. 212. 49; He prosccuted it at first with the greatest vigour;
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv. p. 467. ) [P. S. ] but when Jugurtha offered him and his legate, M.
BESSUS (Bñosos), was satrap of Bactria in Scaurus, large sums of money, he concluded a
The time of Dareius III. (Codomannus), who saw peace with the Numidian without consulting the
reason to suspect him of treachery soon after the senate, and returned to Rome to hold the comitia.
battle of Issus, and summoned him accordingly His conduct excited the greatest indignation at
from his satrapy to Babylon, where he was col Rome, and the aristocracy was obliged to yield to
lecting forces for the continuance of the war. the wishes of the people, and allow an investigation
(Curt. iv. 6. § 1. ) At the battle of Arbela, B. c. into the whole natter. A bill was introduced for
331, Bessus commanded the left wing of the Per- the purpose by C. Mamilius Limetanis, and three
sian army, and was thus directly opposed to Alex- commissioners or judges (quaesitores) appointed, ono
## p. 486 (#506) ############################################
486
BIANOR.
BIBACULUS.
of whom Scaurus contrived to be chosen. Many men BIAS (Blas), son of Amythaon, and brother of
of high rank were condemned, and Bestia among the seer Melampus. He married Pero, daughter
the rest, B. c. 110. The nature of Bestin's punish- of Neleus, whom her father had refused to give
ment is not mentioned ; but he was living at Rome to any one unless he brought him the oxen of
in B. c. 90, in which year he went voluntarily into Iphiclus. These Melampus obtained by his courage
exile, after the passing of the Varia lex, by which and skill, and so won the princess for his brother.
all were to be brought to trial who had been en- (Schol. ad Theocrit. Idyll. iii. 43; Schol. ad Apoll.
gaged in exciting the Italians to revolt.
Rhod. i. 118; Pans. iv. 36 ; comp. Hom. Odyss.
Bestia possessed many good qualities ; he was xi. 286, &c. , xv. 231. ) Through his brother also
prudent, active, and capable of enduring fatigue, not Bias is said to have gained a third of the kingdom
gnorant of warfare, and undismayed by ger; of Argos, Melampus having insisted upon it in his
but his greediness of gain spoilt all. (Cic. 1. c. ; behalf
, as part of the condition on which alone he
Sall. Jug. 27-29, 40, 65; Appian, B. C. i. 37 ; would cure the daughters of Proetus and the other
Val. Max. viii. 6. § 4. )
Argive women of their madness. According to
2. L. CALPURNIUS Bestia, probably a grand- Pausanias, the Biantidae continued to rule in
son of the preceding, was one of the Catilinarian Argos for four generations. Apollonius Rhodius
conspirators, and is mentioned by Sallust as tri- mentions three sons of Bias among the Argonauts,
bune of the plebs in the year in which the con- -Talaus, Arëius, and Leodocus. (Herod. ix. 34;
spiracy was detected, B. c. 63. It appears, how- Pind. Nem. ix. 30 ; Schol. ad. loc. , Diod. iv. 68;
ever, that he was then only tribune designatus ; Paus. ii. 6, 18; Apoll. Rhod. i. 118. ) Ac-
and that he held the office in the following year, cording to the received reading in Diod. iv. 68,
B. C. 62, though he entered upon it, as usual, on “ Bias" was also the name of a son of Melam-
the 10th of December, 63. It was agreed among pus by Iphianeira, daughter of Megapenthes ;
the conspirators, that Bestia should make an attack but it has been proposed to read “ Abas,” in ac-
upon Cicero in the popular assembly, and that this cordance with Paus. i. 43; Apoll. Rhod. i. 142 ;
should be the signal for their rising in the follow- Apollod. i. 9.
(E. E. ]
ing night. The vigilance of Cicero, however, as is BIAS (Blas), of Priene in lonia, is always
well known, prevented this. (Sall. Cut. 17, 43; reckoned among the Seven Sages, and is mention-
Appian, B. C. ii. 3; Plut. Cic. 23 ; Schol. Bob. ed by Dicaearchus (ap. Diog. Laërt. i. 41) as one
pro Sest. p. 294, pro Sull. p. 366, ed Orelli. ) of the Four to whom alone that title was universally
Bestia was aedile in B. C. 59, and was an un- given-the remaining three being Thales, Pittacus,
successful candidate for the praetorship in 57, not and Solon. We do not know the exact period at
withstanding his bribery, for which he was brought which Bias lived, but it appears from the reference
to trial in the following year and condemned. He made to him by the poet Hipponax, who flourish-
was defended by his former enemy, Cicero, who ed about the middle of the sixth century B. C. ,
had now become reconciled to him, and speaks of that he had by that time become distinguished for
him as his intimate friend in his oration for Caelius. his skill as an advocate, and for his use of it in
(c. 11. ) After Caesar's death, Bestia attached defence of the right. (Diog. Laërt. i. 84, 88 ;
himself to Antony, whom he accompanied to Mu- Strab. xiv. p. 636. ) Diogenes Laertius informs
tina in B. c. 43, in hopes of obtaining the consulship us, that he died at a very advanced age, immedi-
in the place of M. Brutus, although he had not ately after pleading successfully the cause of a
been praetor. (Cic. Phil. xiii. 12, ad Qu. Fr. ii. friend : by the time the votes of the judges had
3, Phil. xi. 5, xii. 8, xiii. 2. )
been taken, he was found to have expired. Like
BETILIENUS or BETÍLLI'NUS. (BASSUS, the rest of the Seven Sages, with the exception of
Betilienus. ]
Thales, the fame of Bias was derived, not from
BETU'CIUS BARRUS. [BARRUS. ) philosophy, as the word is usually understood, but
BIA (Bía), the personification of mighty force, from a certain practical wisdom, moral and politi-
is described as the daughter of the Titan Pallas cal, the fruit of experience. Many of his sayings
and Styx, and as a sister of Zelos, Cratos, and Nice. and doings are recorded by Diogenes Laërtius, in
(Hesiod. Theog. 385; Aeschyl. Prom. 12. ) [L. S. ] his rambling uncritical way, and by others. In
BIA'DICE (Biaginn), or, as some MSS.
call particular, he suffers in character as the reputed
her, Demodice, the wife of Creteus, who on account author of the selfish maxim Oidea as wionoortas;
of her love for Phrixus meeting with no return, and there is a certain ungallant dilemma on the
accused him before Athamas. Athamas therefore subject of marriage, which we find fathered upon
wanted to kill his son, but he was saved by Ne- him in Aulus Gellius. (Herod. i 27, 170 ;
phele. (Hygin. Poët. Astr, ü. 20; Schol. ad Pind. Aristot. Rhrt. ii. 13. § 4; Cic. de Amic. 16,
Pyth. iv. 288; comp. ATHAMAS. ) (L. S. ) Parad, i. ; Diod. Exc. p. 552, ed. Wess ; Gell.
BIA'NOR, an ancient hero of the town of Man- v. 11; Diog. Laërt. i. 82-88; comp. Herod.
tua, was a son of Tiberis and Manto, and was also i. 20 – 22 ; Plut. Sol. 4. )
(E. E. )
called Ocnus or Aucnus. He is said to have built BIBA'CULUS, the name of a family of the
the town of Mantua, and to have called it after Furia gens.
his mother. According to others, Ocnus was a 1. L. FURIUS BIBACULUS, quaestor, fell in the
son or brother of Auletes, the founder of Perusia, battle of Cannae, B. c. 216. (Liv. xxii. 49. )
and emigrated to Gaul, where he built Cesena. 2. L. Furius BIBACULUS, a pious and religious
(Serv. ad Virg. Ed. ix. 60, Aen. x. 198. ) [L. S. ) man, who, when he was praetor, carried, at the
BIA'NOR (Blávwp), a Bithynian, the author of command of his father, the magister of the college
twenty-one epigrams in the Greek Anthology, of the Salii, the ancilia with his six lictors preced-
lired under the emperors Augustus and Tiberius. ing him, although he was exempted from this duty
His epigrams were included by Philip of Thessalo by virtue of his praetorship. (Val. Max. i. 1. $ ;
nica in his collection. (Jacobs, xiii. p. 868; Fabric. Lactant. i. 21. )
Bill. Gracc. iv. p. 467. )
[P. S. ] 3. M. Furius BiBACULU'S. See below.
## p. 487 (#507) ############################################
BIBACULUS.
487
BIBULUS.
i
Onun
berdeen
ܬܪ̈ܘܽ ܠܝܶ
BEL
it. bo:
de
LE]
4. គ
resses
are
BIBACULUS, M. FU'RIUS, who is classed | Tacitus (Ann. iv. 34), that the writings of Biba-
by Quintilian (x. 1. & 96) along with Catullus and culus were stuffed with insults against the first
Horace as one of the most distinguished of the two Caesars—a consideration which will serve to
Roman satiric iambographers, and who is in like explain also the hostility displayed by the favourite
manner ranked by Diomedes, in his chapter on of the Augustan court towards Catullus, whose ta-
iambic verse (p. 482, ed. Putsch. ) with Archilochus lents and taste were as fully and deservedly appre-
and Hipponax, among the Greeks, and with Luci- ciated by his countrymen and contemporaries as
lius, Catullus, and Horice, among the Latins, they have been by modern critics, but whose praises
was born, according to St. Jerome in the Eusebian were little likely to sound pleasing in the ears of
chronicle, at Cremona in the year B. c. 103. From the adopted son and heir of the dictator Julius.
the scanty and unimportant specimens of his works Lastly, by comparing some expressions of the
transmitted to modern times, we are scarcely in a elder Pliny (Praef. H. N. ) with hints dropped by
condition to form any estimate of his powers. A Suetonius (de Illustr. Gr. c. 4) and Macrobius (Su-
single senarian is quoted by Suetonius (de Illustr. turn. ii. 1), there is room for a conjecture, that
Gr. c. 9), containing an allusion to the loss of me- Bibaculus made a collection of celebrated jests and
mory sustained in old age by the famous Orbilius witticisms, and gave the compilation to the world
Pupillus; and the same author (c. 11) has pre- under the title of Lucubrationes.
served two short epigrams in hendecasyllabic mea- We must carefully avoid confounding Furius
bure, not remarkable for good taste or good feeling, Bibaculus with the Furius who was imitated in
in which Bibaculus sneers at the poverty to which several passages of the Aeneid, and from whose
his friend, Valerius Cato (VALERIUS CATO), had Annals, extending to eleven books at least, we
been reduced at the close of life, as contrasted with find some extracts in the Saturnalia. (Macrob. Sa-
the splendour of the villa which that unfortunate turn. vi. l; Compare Merula, ad Enn. Ann. p. xli. )
poet and grammarian had at one period possessed The latter was named in full Aulus Furius Antias.
at Tusculum, but which had been seized by his and to bim L. Lutatius Catulus, colleague of M.
importunate creditors. In addition to these frag- Marius in the consulship of B. c. 102, addressed
ments, a dactylic hexameter is to be found in the an account of the campaign against the Cimbri.
Scholiast on Juvenal (viii. 16), and a scrap consist (Cic. Brut. c. 35. ) To this Furius Antias are at
ing of three words in Charisius (p. 102, ed. Putsch. ). attributed certain lines found in Aulus Gellius
We have good reason, however, to believe that (xviii. 11), and brought under review on account
Bibaculus did not confine his efforts to pieces of a of the affected neoterisms with which they abound.
light or sarcastic tone, but attempted themes of Had we any fair pretext for calling in question
more lofty pretensions. It seems certain that he the authority of the summaries prefixed to the
published a poem on the Gaulish wars, entitled chapters of the Noctes Atticae, we should feel
Pragmatia Belli Gallici, and it is probable that he strongly disposed to follow G. J. Voss, Lambinus,
was the author of another upon some of the legends and Heindorf, in assigning these follies to the am-
connected with the Aethiopian allies of king Priam. bitious Bibaculus rather than to the chaste and
The former is known to us only from an unlucky simple Antias, whom even Virgil did not disdain
metaphor cleverly parodied by Horace, who takes to copy. (Weichert, Poet. Latin. Reliqu. ) (W. R. )
occasion at the same time to ridicule the obese ro- BI'BULUS, a cognomen of the plebeian Cal-
tundity of person which distinguished the com- pumia gens.
poser. (Hor. Serm. ii. 5. 41, and the notes of the 1. L. CALPURNIUS BIBULUS, obtained each of
Scholiast ; comp. Quintil. viii. 6. S 17. ) The ex- the public magistracies in the same year as C.
istence of the latter depends upon our acknowledg- Julius Caesar. He was curule aedile in B. C. 65,
ing that the “turgidus Alpinus” represented in the praetor in 62, and consul in 59.
Caesar was
epistle to Julius Florus (1. 103) as “murdering anxious to obtain L. Lucceius for his colleague in
Memnon, and polluting by his turbid descriptions the consulship; but as Lucceius was a thorough
the fair fountains of the Rhine, is no other than partizan of Caesar's, while Bibulus was opposed to
Bibaculus. The evidence for this rests entirely him, the aristocratica party used every effort to
upon an emendation introduced by Bentley into secure the election of the latter, and contributed
the text of the old commentators on the above large sums of money for this purpose. (Suet. Caes.
passage, but the correction is so simple, and tallies 19. ) Bibulus, accordingly, gained his election, but
so well with the rest of the annotation, and with was able to do but very little for his party. After
the circumstances of the case, that it may be pro- an ineffectual attempt to oppose Caesar's agrarian
nounced almost certain. The whole question is law, he withdrew from the popular assemblies al-
fully and satisfactorily discussed in the disserta- together, and shut himself up in his own house for
tion of Weichert in bis Poet. Latin. Reliqu. p. 331, the remainder of the year; whence it was said in
&c. Should we think it worth our while to joke, that it was the consulship of Julius and Cae-
inquire into the cause of the enmity thus mani- He confined his opposition to publishing
fested by Horace towards a brother poet whose edicts against Caesar's measures : these were
age might have commanded forbearance if not re widely circulated among his party, and greatly ex-
spect,
it
may perhaps be plausibly ascribed tolled as pieces of composition. (Suet. Caes. 9. 49;
indisposition which had been testified on the part Cic. ad Att. ii. 19, 20; Plut. Pomp. 48 ; comp.
of the elder bard to recognise the merits of his Cic. Brut. 77. ) To vitiate Caesar's measures, he
youthful competitor, and possibly to some expres- also pretended, that he was observing the skies,
sion of indignation at the presumptuous freedom while his colleague was engaged in the comitia
with which Lucilius, the idol and model of the old (Cic. pro Dom.
