)
Armenia, 6, 13, 16, 20; importance of the
“Eastern question” of, 22; passes to Con-
stantius II, 56 sq.
Armenia, 6, 13, 16, 20; importance of the
“Eastern question” of, 22; passes to Con-
stantius II, 56 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v1 - Christian Roman Empire and Teutonic Kingdoms
Schism in the Church.
481-511 Reign of Clovis.
486 Clovis defeats Syagrius.
491-518 Anastasius Emperor.
493–526 Reign of Theodoric in Italy.
507 Battle of Vouglé. Clovis conquers Aquitaine.
518 Justin Emperor. End of the Schism.
533 Conquest of Africa by Belisarius.
597 Landing of Augustine.
Death of Columba (9 June).
## p. 698 (#728) ############################################
## p. 699 (#729) ############################################
699
INDEX
Aachen. See Aix-la-Chapelle
Abercius, Bishop of Hierapolis, 164
Ablabius, favourite of Constantine, 21 sq. ;
murder of, 55
Aboras (Khabūr), River, 22; Julian crosses,
82
Abraham, patriarch, story of, 336; 583
Abrittus, battle of, 204
Abruzzi, Altaian Bulgars settle in moun.
tains of, 358
Abundantius, general, banished, 457
Acacius, Bishop of Amida, helps the Persian
prisoners, 464
Acacius, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine,
convenes & Syrian synod, 132; 133;
assents to Nicene faith, 136
Acacius, Bishop of Constantinople, opposes
Basiliscus, 473 ; character, 515; alliance
with Peter of Alexandria, 516; and the
Henoticon, 517; excommunicated by
Simplicius, ib. ; erasure of name from
diptychs, 518
Achaia, 30 sq. ; last stronghold of paganism,
113; Goths in, 237 ; under Theodosius,
253 ; 261
Achillaeus, usurper, revolt of, 120
Acholius, Bishop of Thessalonica, baptises
Theodosius I, 140
Acincum, Valentinian at, 229
Acoemetae, order of monks at Constanti-
nople, 516
Aconia Paulina, wife of Praetextatus, pagan
rites of, 93
Acris, Hypatius captured at, 485
Acropolis at Athens, the, 598
Acts of the Apostles, the, cited, 148 ; 154;
translated into verse by Arator of Milan,
449
Adamantius, son of Vivianus, treats with
Theodoric, 475 sq.
Adamelissi, fortress of Tropaeum Traiani
built at, 210 sq.
Adamnan, his Life of St Columba cited, 391
Adda, River, battle on, 439
Addao, King of the Alani, death of, 304
Addaeus, Roman officer, employed in
Armenia, 225
Adeodatus, son of Augustine, 596
ad Evangelum presbyterum of Jerome, 155
‘Adid the Arab, joins Romans, 482
Adige, River, 193, 441
Admagetobriga (Montbéliard), Gauls de-
feated at, 193
Admonitions for Monks, Rabbula, cited,
526
Adria, Goths at, 446
Adriatic Sea, fleet of Maximus in, 243;
nomads find winter quarters by, 358 and
note ; 364; Theodoric's fleet in, 451 ; 459
Aduatuci, Teutonic tribe, in Gaul, 190; in
Belgica, 193
Aedan, Dalriadic King, encounters Aethel-
frith, 391
Aedesius, philosopher, 64, 99
Aedui, Keltic tribe, at war with the Sequani,
193; subdued, 194
Aegean Sea, 16 sq. , 19, 205 sq. ; nomads
winter near, 358
Aegidius, generalof Majorian, victorious near
Orleans, 282, 298; death, 299, 310; makes
alliance with Gaiseric, 310; independent
ruler in Gaul, 424 sq. ; defeats Visigoths,
425 ; death, ib.
Aegina, pagan worship at, 93
Aelia Capitolina. See Jerusalem
Aelle, King of Deira, 390
Aelle, reputed founder of the kingdom of
Sussex, 382, 390
Aemilia, 239; Alaric in, 273
Aemona (Laibach), Theodosius at, 243; 247;
Alaric at, 264, 268
Aequitius, Roman general, 218, 220 sq. , 229
Aeruli. See Heruli
Aesculapius, Julian revives worship of, 107
Aestii. See Aists
Aethelberht, King of Kent, and Ceawlin,
389 sq. ; importance of, 391
Aethelfrith, King of Bernicia, obtains Deira
by marriage, 390; encounters Aedan, 391;
massacres the Britons, ib.
Aethiopica, attributed to Heliodorus, 569
Aëtius, Roman general, forms alliance with
Visigoths, 279, 416; defeats the Huns,
280, 416; and the Salian Franks, 297 ;
298; and the Vandals, 308; and the
Huns, 360 sqq. , 407 ; 394 ; Britons appeal
for help to, 380; 393; and Valentinian III,
395, 397, 399; birth and parentage, 406;
supports usurper John, 407 sq. ; pro-
moted, 408; successes of, 410; struggle
## p. 700 (#730) ############################################
700
Index
with Boniface, ib. ; supreme in the West,
411; policy in Gaul and Africa, ib. ;
412 sqq. ; third time consul, 415; sup-
ports Frankish prince, ib. ; fails to crush
Attila, 416 sq. ; assassinated, 418; his
greatness dis
ed, 418 sq. ; 420 sqq.
Aëtius, city praefect, attacked, 463
Aëtius, heretic teacher, condemnation of,
137
Africa, under Maxentius, 3; Christians in,
11; 13, 18, 30 sq. , 50; awarded to Con.
stans, 56; 58 sq. ; 61 ; 88; slow decay
of paganism in, 115, 121 ; 162; church
councils for, 164 sq. ; 172; first councils of
bishops in, 178; 182; Franks in, 202; 218;
misgovernment in, 227 sq. ; acknow-
ledges Maximus, 239; revolt of Gildo
in, 262 sqq. , 458; Heraclian in, 272 sqq. ;
importance of corn supply of, 275; Van-
dals settled in, 276, 277; Wallia attempts
to seize corn of, 278; 287; the Vandals
in, 305 sq. , 409, 412, 465; divided be.
tween Romans and Vandals, 307, 413;
Vandals seize all Roman provinces, 309;
Marcellinus fails to relieve, 310 ; Vandals
confirmed in possession of, 311; per-
secution of the Catholics in, 312; revolt
of Moors in, 312 sq. ; 315; constitution
of the Vandal kingdom in, 316 sqq. , 399 ;
Arian predominance in, 306, 312, 321;
322; 358, 393 ; revolt of Heraclian in,
402; 404 ; Boniface in, 406 sqq. ; policy
of Aëtius towards, 411, 419; Roman cap-
tives carried to, 421 ; 423, 428, 430 sq. ,
452, 518; monachism in, 532; Punio
language used in, 545; oil trade of, 548;
and the corn supply, 552; 586; early
churches in, 609; 612
Africanus, governor of Pannonia Secunda,
64
Agapitus, holds appointments under Theo-
doric, 442 sq.
Agde, council held at, 286
Agilo, Roman general, envoy to Aquileia,
77 ; supports Procopius, 220; deserts to
Valens, 221
Agricola, Cn. Julius, in Britain, 368, 372
Agri Decumates, barbarians overrun the,
201
Agrigentum, Romans victorious at, 309
Agrippinus, comes, commands in Narbonne,
282
Ahenobarbus, L. Domitius, Roman general,
197
Aists (Aestii), 184
Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), a principal city
of the Ripuarian Franks, 300
Akatziri, the, submit to Attila, 360 sq.
Akeman Street, course of, 376
Akhmim. See Panopolis
Alai Mts, 340
Alani (Alans), settled near River Don, 203 ;
protect the Urugundi, 206; overpowered
by Huns, 215, 231 ; plunder Roman pro-
vinces, 216 ; 233; favoured by Gratian,
238; raid territory of Alemanni, 241 ;
enlist under Theodosius, 242 ; 250; at
battle of Hadrianople, 251 ; 253 ; in Pan.
nonia, 254 ; migrate to Noricum, 264; at
battle of Pollentia, 265; invade Gaul,
266 sq. , 393 sq. , 400; in Spain, 274 sq. ,
304, 316, 400; defeated by Goths, 278,
281, 304, 404; remnant joins the Asdin-
gian Vandals, 304, 404; subordinate to
Vandals in Africa, 316; paganism of,
320; in Italy and Gaul, 358; tributary
to Attila, 361 ; desert from army of
Ataulf, 403; 412 ; settled in Gaul, 413,
416; 471
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 113; makes
Attalus emperor, 115, 272; storms Rome,
170; first appearance of, 257; dis-
appointed of promotion, 259; marches
on Constantinople, 260, 456 ; campaign
in Greece, 261, 457 sq. ; treats with
Western and Eastern Empires, 262, 458 ;
invades the Western Empire, 264 ; at the
battle of Pollentia, 265, 461; Illyrian
project of, 267; subsidised by Rome, 268 ;
besieges Rome, 270; demands excessive
concessions, 271 ; sacks Rome, 273 ;
death, 274, 365, 392, 399; result of rule
of, 276; 283, 289, 305 ; and Stilicho,
394 ; 400, 402, 404; Gaudentius a hostage
with, 407 ; 417; 459, 461 sq. , 552
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, decline of
Gothic power under, 284 ; character and
rule of, 285 ; defeated and slain, 286;
289 sq. ; Catholic Church under, 291;
marries Theodoric's daughter, 451; killed,
452
Alathar, magister militum, 485; captured,
486
Alatheus, leader of the Greutungi, 232 ; de-
vastates Pannonia, 237 ; invades Roman
territory, 250; at battle of Hadrianople,
251 ; rules for infant son of Withimir,
253
Alavio, chief of the Visigoths, 214 sg. ;
killed, 233; obtains leave to settle in
Roman territory, 250
Alba, 44
Albania, Roumanians in, 356
Albanians, 357; speech of, 546
Albini, Christian members of family of, 572
Albinus, heathen pontiff, 116 ; 571
Albinus, patrician, 448; accused of in-
trigue, 453
Alboin, King of the Lombards, 358, 431
Alchester near Bicester, on Akeman Street,
376
Aldborough (Isurium Brigantum), Romano-
British town, 373
Alemanni, confederacy of Teutonic tribes,
3; defeated by Magnentius, 65 ; defeated
at Strassburg, 68; subdued, 69 sq. ; 73 sq. ;
confederacy of the, 195, 200 and note;
reach Italian frontier, 201 ; 202; raids
of, 207; repulsed, 208; campaigns of
Constantius against, 209; defeated at
## p. 701 (#731) ############################################
Index
701
165; 160 sg.
Argentaria, 210, 252 sq. ; campaigns of
Valentinian against, 222 sq. ; king of, slain,
223; defeated, 224; prisoners settled in
Italy, ib. ; 229; Roman army recruited
from, 246, 259; 248, 253; campaign of,
against Romans of Upper Germany, 266;
267; in army of Jovinus, 275, 401; sup-
posed origin of, 292 899. ; 299; conflict
with the Ripuarian Franks, 300; possibly
subject to Attila, 361; invasion of Gaul
by, 400 sq. ; settled on Upper Rhine, 413;
guard the frontier, 441; Theodoric pro-
tects, 451
Alexander the Great, 17, 25, 78, 83, 87, 353,
403, 489
Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, and the
Arian controversy, 120, 159,
Alexander, Bishop of Antioch, 170 sq.
Alexandria, 3, 14, 18; inhabitants murder
their Bishop, 80 ; becomes a centre of
learning, 88; pagan worship at, 97; 99;
return of Athanasius to, 104; Arius at,
119; Athanasius expelled from, 128;
return of Athanasius to, 130; 131 sq. ;
135 sqq. , 139, 141; parochial system at,
159 ; presbyterian election of bishops at,
160 sq. ; Arian controversy at, 165 ; 167;
ancient importance of church of, 171,
173 sqq. ; Maximus acclaimed Emperor
in, 239; threatened by Vandals, 310;
religious riots in, 463, 485; Patricius at,
471; rivalry with Antioch, 487 ; jealousy
of Constantinople, 488; character of
population, 489 sq. ; Origenism con-
demned by synod of, 490 ; Christian and
Pagan teachers in, 496; and Nestorianism,
497 sq. ; synod at, condemns Nestorian.
ism, 499; articles condemning Nestorius
drafted at, 501; and the Monophysite con.
troversy,503 sqq. ; and the Robber Council,
505; 511; disturbances in, 512 sq. ; the He-
noticon sent to, 516; 522 sqq. ; corn fleet
of, 552; school of, 577, 579; work of
Synod of (362), 584 ; influences Italian
art, 598; sarcophagi at, 602 ; casket of
Projecta made in, 603 ; glass-works of,
606 ; synagogue at, 609
Alexandria, Bishops of. See Alexander,
Athanasius, Cyril, Dionysius, Dioscorus,
George of Cappadocia, Gregory of Cappa-
docia, Heraclas, Peter, Proterius, Theo-
philus, Timothy
Algeria, 412
Al Harith, Taghlibi chief, makes peace with
Rome, 481
Al Hira, 464
Aligildus, Roman officer, 77
Allectus, usurper, crushed by Constantius,
377
Aller, River, 187
Allia, River, and Brennus, 576
Allobroges, Keltic tribe, 192
Al Mundhir, sheikh of Al Hira, invades
Syria, 464
Alpes Maritimae, Gothic rule in, 287
Alpheus, River, 261
Alps, crossed by Constantine I, 4; by Con-
stantine II, 58; passes garrisoned by
Magnentius, 61 ; crossed by Constantius
(Julian and Cottian), 61; 73; (Cottian)
75; 133; 186; (Carnic) 192; Germanic
tribes cross the, 193, 201; Gratian flees
to, 238; secured against Maximus, 239;
Cottian passes forced by Maximus, 242;
245; Flavianus in the (Julian), 247;
Goths reach, 252 ; barbarians cross, 265;
267; Ataulf crosses, 271; Goths reach,
284; (Julian) Huns cross, 364, 417; 367;
Marcian crosses, 423; (Graian) passes
secured by Theodoric, 452
Alsace. See Elsass
Altaians, the, Ch. xII (A) passim, 329, 331 ;
appearance and habits, 332 sqq. ; govern-
ment, 334 sq. ; persistence of customs of,
340; food, 339 8qq. ; family ties, 342;
religion, 343 sqq. ; marauding habits, 349;
military skill, 350; permanency of rule
of, 351
Altinum, Bishop of. See Peter
Altrip, Romans build fort at, 224
Alypius, friend of Augustine, 593 sq.
Alypius, minister of Julian, plans restora-
tion of the Temple at Jerusalem, 80
Amal family, 468
Amalaberga, sister of Theodoric the Great,
marries Hermanfred, 451
Amalafrida, sister of Theodoric the Great,
marries Thrasamund the Vandal, 313,
451; imprisoned, 314
Amalaric, son of Alaric II, established on
the throne of Spain, 452
Amalasuntha, mother of Athalarich, remon-
strates with Hilderic, 314; offers help to
the Romans, 315; marries Eutharic, 451;
regency of, 454 ; imprisonment, ib. ;
death, 455
Amandus, admiral of Licinius, 7 sq.
Ambrones, Teutonic tribe, 191 and note;
defeated by the Romans, 193; location
of the, 198
Ambrose, St, Bishop of Milan, 67; leads
Christian party at Rome, 115; 116 sq. ;
election of, 152 sq. ; de Officiis of, 157;
cited, 157, 180, 531, 592, 595 ; 172; in-
fluences Gratian, 237; career of, 239; as
minister to Valentinian II, ib. ; mission
to Maximus, 240; 242; and the penance
of Theodosius, 244 sq. , 257; summoned
to baptise Valentinian, 245; condemns
Eugenius, 246; 249; monastery of, 531
sq. ; 566, 571 sq. ; builds church of the
Apostles, 610
Ambrosiaster (Isaac), 151 ; Quaestiones of,
cited, 155 sqq. , 159 sqq.
Ambrosius Aurelianus, heads British resist.
ance to English invasion, 388
Amida, siege of, 72; Ardaburius at, 464;
siege of (502), 481; Romans attempt to
recapture, 482
Amida, Bishop of. See Acacius
## p. 702 (#732) ############################################
702
Index
Anglii. See Angles
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the, unreliable
chronology of, 380, 383; cited, 382,
389 sq.
Amiens, Valentinian at, 223; Vandals at,
266
Ammedera, 263
Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, 46; at
siege of Amida, 72 ; 80; 99 ; 110; cited,
71, 76, 79, 85, 97, 103, 134, 166, 173, 188,
295 sq. , 379, 581, 592, 594 sq.
Amoun, monk of Nitria, 522
Ampelius, son of Attalas, 273
Ampsivarii, tribe of Ripuarian Franks,
campaign of Arbogast against, 259; 295;
299
Amru 'l Kais, Arab, obtains island of
Jotaba, 472
Amu, River, 323 ; cattle-breedivg in the
delta of, 331
Anagast, in command in Thrace, rebels,
470
Anastasia, sister of Constantine, marriage
of, 22
Anastasis, memorial in the church of the
Holy Sepulchre, 609
Anastasius II, Bishop of Rome, 182; elec-
tion of, 449
Anastasius I, Eastern Emperor, 312; friend.
ship with Thrasamund the Vandal, 313 ;
and Theodoric, 440 sq. , 443, 445; supports
the freebooter Mundo, 451 ; death, 455,
486; accession, 467,479; marries Ariadne,
479; disturbances in reign of, 480 ; and
the Persian War, 481 sqq. ; relieves taxa-
tion in Mesopotamia, 483; administra-
tion, 484; son of, killed, ib. ; and the mob
riots, 485 ; religious position, 518
Anastasius, priest, and the Nestorian con-
troversy, 498
Anatha, inbabitants of, transported to
Chalcis, 82
Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople, crowns
Leo I, 468; 505; Pope Leo and, 506 sq. ;
511; at the Council of Chalcedon, draws
up two creeds, 509 sq. ; appoints Maximus
of Antioch, 514
Anatolius, magister militum per Orientem,
defends eastern frontier, 466; arranges
truce with Persia, ib.
Anaa, earliest inhabitants, 329 sq.
Anchialus, Vitalianus retires to, 486
Ancyra, visited by Julian, 79; 86; 132;
Council of, 137; home of Marcellus, 139;
bishops of Asia Minor meet at, 178;
canons of the Council of, 179 sq. ; Valen.
tinian at, 218; flight of Valens to, 221;
attacked by Marcian, 476
Ancyrona, 23
Anderida. See Peven sey
Andragathius, pursues Gratian, 238; death,
243
Andrew, St, Apostle, recognised as patron
saint of Constantinople, 488
Angers, threatened by Saxons, 299
Angles (Anglii), the, early home of, 198,
382; settlements in Britain, ib. ; men-
tioned by Tacitus, 383; 384 sq.
Anglesey, Roman objects found in, 372
Angrivarii, location of the, 198
Angulus (Angel), reputed early home of
Angles, 382, 390
Anianus, minister of Gothic kings, 290
Anicetus, Bishop of Rome, 164
Anician family, 22, 397; Maximus at head
of, 420
Anicius Julianus, grandfather of Julian, 63
Anio, River, 536
Anonymus Valesii, cited, 434, 438, 440 sq. ,
447 sq. , 451 sqq.
Anselm, St, Archbishop of Canterbury, and
teaching concerning the Atonement, 587
Antalas, Moorish prince, defeats the Vandals,
314
Antenor, Trojan leader, legend of the Franks
concerning, 293
Anteros, Bishop of Rome, death of, 153
Anthemius, Emperor of the West, sends an
army against the Goths, 283, 427; acces-
sion of, 310, 395, 426, 470; his struggle
with Ricimer, 394, 427 sq. ; importance
of Senate under, 397 ; prepares expeditiou
against Gaiseric, 426; defeated and killed,
428, 474; 429 sq. , 433, 435, 443; marries
daughter of Marcian, 468
Anthemius, grandfather of the emperor, 396;
praetorian praefect, 461; administration,
461 sqq. , 467; 464; wall of, 465
Anthimus, Bishop of Tyana, 139; made
metropolitan by Valens, 168
Anthony, St, birth, 521; call, ib. ; mon.
achism founded by, 522 ; 526
Antinöe, convent at, 531
Antioch, Gallus at, 60, 62 sq. ; 76 ; recep.
tion of Julian at, 79; hostile to Julian,
81; centre of learning at, 88; 119; Coun.
cil " of the Dedication” at, 129; fourth
creed of, reissued, 130; schism at, 134 sqq. ;
Valens at, 138; 161; 165; canons of,
168, 179 sq. , 493; ancient importance
of church of, 171, 173 sqq. , 220; Valens
at, 226, 234; riot in, 241 sq. ; besieged by
Huns, 261, 456; Eudocia at, 466; Tro-
cundes sent to, 473; Illus at, 477 ;
Leontius at, 478; Anastasius proposed
for bishopric of, 479; 480 ; riots at, 485 ;
rivalry with Alexandria, 487; dissension
in church of, 490; Chrysostom at, 491;
Nestorius educated at, 495; and Nestor-
ianism, 497; Nestorius in monastery near,
502 ; sermon of Theodoret in, 504 ; 511 ;
rival bishops in, 514; trade in, 550 ;
school of, 579 ; St Peter at, 608; Con.
stantine's church at, 610
Antioch, Bishops of. See Alexander,
Babylas, Domnus, Eudoxius, Fabius,
Flavian, Flavianus, John, John Scholas-
ticus, Meletius, Paul of Samosata, Pauli.
nus, Peter the Faller, Severus, Stephen
Antiochus, eunuch in charge of Theodosius
## p. 703 (#733) ############################################
Index
703
II, 462 ; removed, ib. ; restored, 465 ;
deposed, 466
Antonines, the, 20
Antoninus Pius, T. , Emperor, 368 sq.
Wall of, see Roman Wall
Antoninus, Bishop of Ephesus, and Chry.
sostom, 491
Antoninus, Syrian officer in Roman army,
flees to Persia, 72
Antunnacum (Andernach), refortified by
Julian, 209
Anubis, Egyptian divinity, 90
Apadna, fort of, Romans routed at, 482
Apamea, sacked by Goths, 204
Apamea, Bishop of. See Conon
Apennines, Mts, Stilicho attacks Radagaisus
in, 265; 417
Aphraates, cited, 526
Apocryphal books, the, surrendered, 12
Apodemius, official of Constantius, put to
death, 78
Apollinarius, the younger, Bishop of Lao-
dicea in Syria, heresy of, 135 sqq. ;
school of, 139; transposes the Bible,
570
Apollinarius (Apollinaris) the elder, pres-
byter of Laodicea, transposes the Bible,
570
Apollo, Julian revives worship of, 107; plan
of temple of, 608
Apollonia, a centre of learning at, 88
Apollonius, merchant, his life as a monk in
Nitria, 523
Apology, the, of Justin Martyr, cited, 149
Apophthegms of the Egyptian monks, cited,
160
Apostles, canons of the, 180 sq.
Apostolic Church Order, the, 149 sq. , 178
Apostolic Constitutions, cited, 153, 161
Appion, praefect, manages commissariat in
Persian War, 482; banished, 485
Apronianus, comes rerum privatarum under
Theodoric, 442
Aptunga, Bishop of. See Felix
Apuleius, 89; the Metamorphoses of, 90
Apulia, 30; 358; fleet of Anastasius
plunders in, 451
Aquae Mattiacae, 225
Aquae Sextiae, Teutons defeated at, 193
Aquae Sulis. See Bath
Aquileia, battle of, 58; Magnentius takes
refuge at, 61; remains loyal to Con-
stantius, 76; submits to Julian, 77;
Council of, 166; besieged by Germans,
199; Justina and Valentinian II at, 242;
Maximus captured at, 243, 256 ; 247 ;
edict of Theodosius from,
257 ; Alaric at,
264, 270; taken by the Huns, 364, 417;
monastic training of Jerome and Rufinus
at, 531
Aquilis, River, Alario crosses, 268
Aquinas, Thomas, 584
Aquitaine, Visigoths in, 287 sq. , 401
Aquitania, Vandals pass through, 266
Aquitanica Prima, attacked by Eurio, 283
Aquitanica Secunda, Goths assigned land
in, 278, 401 and note ; entirely given over
to Goths, 279, 404; 286; 402
Arabia, 502
Arabs, the, defeated by Vitianus, 464 ;
make raids in Syria, 468, 472 ; aid
Persia against Rome, 481 sqq. ; join Rome,
482 sq. ; invasion of, 529; retain their
native language, 545
Aral Sea, 323 ; sand-deserts by, 327 ; 335
Araric, Gothic king, 19
Arator of Milan, translates the Acts of the
Apostles into verse, 449
Arausio (Orange), battle of, 192
Arbazacius the Armenian, general, gains
successes against Isaurians, 461; recalled,
ib.
Arbicius, Roman envoy to Persia, 231
Arbitio, general, defeated, 65; opposes
Julian, 76; conducts trial of partisans
of Constantius, 78; and Procopius, 221;
joins Theodosius at the Frigidus, 247, 259
Arbogast the Frank, 62; in command
against Goths, 237, 254; victorious over
Maximus, 243; ruler of Gaul, 243 sq. ,
256, 299; supersedes Valentinian, 245,
258; makes Eugenius emperor, 246,
258; defeated, commits suicide, 247,
259; 295 ; 393 sq.
Arbor Felix, Gratian at, 253
Arcadia, Goths driven from, 261
Arcadia, daughter of Arcadius, 462; and
Nestorius, 499, 502
Arcadiopolis, taken by Huns, 363; taken
by Theodoric, 471
Arcadius, Emperor of the East, quinquen.
nalia celebrations of, 241 ; 246 ; becomes
emperor, 260, 456; marries Eudoxia,
ib. ; recalls Stilicho, 261, 457 ; 262;
negotiates with Gaïnas, 263, 458 ; death
of, 268, 461 ; 432; refuses concessions
to Arians, 460; and the attack on Chry.
sostom, 461, 491, 493; 464, 467, 470 sq. ;
and the trade guilds, 551; land law under,
561 ; 564
Arctic Sea, 324
Ardaburius, general, father of Aspar, sent
against the Persians, 464 ; wins Western
Empire for Valentinian III, 465
Ardaburius, son of Aspar, magister militum,
fights Arab raiders, 468 ; commands in
Thrace, 470; death, 471
Ardalio, River, 263
Ardaric, King of the Gepidae, his fidelity
to Attila, 361
Ardaschir, King of Persia, death of, 238
Ardennes, Teutonic hordes reach the, 188
Areani, border militia, 223
Areobindus, magister militum per Orientem,
and the Persian War, 482; proclaimed
emperor, 485
Arevagni, daughter of Theodoric, marries
Alaric II, 451
Argaeus, Mt, 63
Argaith, Gothic leader, 203
.
## p. 704 (#734) ############################################
704
Index
Argentaria (probably Horburg near Colmar),
battle of, 210, 234, 252 sq.
Argentoratum. See Strassburg
Argolicus, official under Theodoric, 448
Argolis, the barbarians in, 205
Argos, Goths in, 261, 457
Ariadne, daughter of Leo I, marries Zeno,
470; arranges for accession of Zeno, 472;
flees to Isauria, 473; 476 ; intercedes for
Verina, 477 ; makes Anastasius emperor,
479; marries Anastasius, ib. ; dishonour
shewn to statue of, 484; death, 486
Arianism, struggle of, for supremacy, Ch. v
passim, 159 sqq. ; of the Visigoths, 291;
of the Vandals, 312 sq. , 320 sq. ; of the
Ostrogoths, 488
Arians, the, persecuted by Constantine, 5;
at Council of Nicaea, 124 sqq. , Ch. V
passim; among the Goths, 212, 214, 254 ;
in the kingdom of Toulouse, 291; in
Africa under the Vandals, 306, 319, 321 ;
the Papacy and, 432; persecution of, 452;
proscribed by Justin I, 453 sq. ; Gaïnas
demands a church in Constantinople for,
263, 460 ; chiefly barbarians, 488; 584
Ariminum. See Rimini
Arinthaeus, Count, sent to restore Pap to
Armenian throne, 225
Ariovistus, campaign of, 188 sq. , 193 sq. ;
defeated by Caesar, 195
Aristotle, 93, 98, 100, 354, 579, 581
Aristus, magister militum of Illyricum, de.
feated by Bulgarians, 483
Arius, presbyter of Alexandria, heresy of,
119 sqq. ; exiled, 123; 127; dies, 128;
129; 138; as priest at Baucalis, 159 ;
165; dogmatic position of, 487
Arles, Council of (314), 12, 13, 154, 165,
178, 567 ; (353) 131 ; canons of Council
of, 179; Constantine the usurper at, 268,
274, 401 ; besieged and taken, 274, 401 ;
attacked by Goths, 279 sqq. , 408; taken,
284; Euric dies at, ib. ; power of the bishop
of, 290 ; centre of local government at,
405; Visigoths attack, 423; Visigoths
take, 427 ; towers repaired at, 448; Ibbas
victorious near, 452 ; trade of, 548
Armatus, nephew of Basiliscus and Verina,
432; procures safety of Verina, 473;
made magister militum, ib. ; murdered,
monasticism in, 527 sq. ; early churches
in, 609
Armenia, Bishops of. See Gregory the
Illuminator, Restaces
Armenians, the, retain their native language,
545
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, defeats
Marbod, 196
Armorica, disturbances in, 267
Arnegisclus, Roman general, defeated and
slain, 363
Arras, Vandals at, 266; 297; Franks driven
from, 410
Arrian, Flavius, cited, 326
Arsaces Tiranus, King of Armenia, 82 sq. ;
death of, 225
Arsacius, Bishop of Constantinople in life-
time of Chrysostom, 494
Artabannes, Armenian renegade, assists Pap,
225; is put to death, 226
Artagherk (Artogerassa), Queen Pharrant-
sem takes refuge at, 225
Artemidorus, official under Theodoric, 448
Artemis, temple of, sacked by barbarians,
204; 501
Artogerassa. See Artagherk
Arvandus, praetorian praefect of Gaul, 397 ;
sentenced to death, 427
Aryans, 354
Arzanene, Narsai defeated at, 464; Celer's
severities in, 482
Ascalon, wine of, 548
Ascarii, in Roman army, 223
Aschaff (Ascapha), River, 186
Aschaffenburg, 186
Asdingi, Vandalic tribe, 198; invade Roman
provinces, 199, 203; receive land in
Galicia, 275, 304; 316; 278; become
Arian Christians, 320; 404; defeat
Castinus, 406
Asia, 16 sq. , 30 sq. , 55 sq. , 74 sq. , 107, 121 ;
Nicenes in, 125; Hilary of Poitiers ex-
iled to, 131; 133; 136; Arianism strong
in, 141; Timothy set over, 156; 164;
183; the Kelts in, 186; 191; Huns leave
interior of, 215; 233 sq. , 236; massacre
of Goths in, 252; Hans in, 261; 263;
devastated by Francion, 293; (West)
323 sqq. ; (Central) 325 sqq. , 392 ; early
cultivation of cereals in, 329; nomads
of, 327 sqq. ; (West) devastated by
Chinghiz Khan, 350; 351 sqq. , 460;
reduction of animal-tax in, 485; visita-
tion of Chrysostom in, 492; 493, 545 ;
products of, 548
Asia Minor, 19, 31; awarded to Constan-
tius II; philosophers of, 64; 90; 161,
164, 166; bishops of, meet at Ancyra,
178; Kelts in, 186; barbarians in, 204,
206 ; 212; Huns in, 261, 456; Gothic
rebellion in, 263; Isaurian robbers in,
461; Sciri settled in, 462; 480 ; mona-
chism in, 529; nuns in, 531; 544, 546,
549; art centres of, 598; 602; early
churches in, 609
473 sq.
)
Armenia, 6, 13, 16, 20; importance of the
“Eastern question” of, 22; passes to Con-
stantius II, 56 sq. ; Sapor demands re-
storation of, 72; abandoned by the
Romans, 85; 139; Persia lays claim to,
225; receives Roman protection, 226;
Roman army withdrawn from, 231; par-
tition of, 240; Huns in, 261; flight of
Turks to, 328; devastated by Chinghiz
Khan, 350; Illus applies for help to, 436;
458; Persian prince made king in, 463;
Romans annex part of, ib. ; 464; war
between Rome and Persia in, 466; in
Persian War, 481 sq. ; first appearance of
## p. 705 (#735) ############################################
705
Atrebates, British tribe, 373
Attacotti, tribes of Irish, pillage Britain,
223
Attalus, praefect of Rome, made emperor by
Alaric, 115, 272; deposed, 273; reinstated,
277 sq. , 403 ; his advice to Ataulf, 401
and note ; at Ataulf's wedding, 402; dis-
carded, 403
Attica, the barbarians in, 205; invaded by
Alaric, 261
Atticus, Bishop of Constantinople, restores
name of Chrysostom to the diptychs, 494
Attila, King of the Huns, 279; defeated at
Campus Mauriacus, 280, 364, 416; and
the Salian Franks, 297; results of con-
quests of, 351; Ch. XII (B) passim;
appearance, character and habits, 360;
friendship with Aëtius, 361, 407; made
magister militum, 362; makes and breaks
peace with Rome, ib. ; plot to murder,
363, 467; death, 365, 418, 420, 467;
character of rule, 365 sq. ; mission of
Pope Leo to, 365, 396 sq. , 417, 503;
results of invasion on Roman world, 398;
Huns united under, 407; 412; makes war
on Eastern Empire, 414; alleged proposal
of marriage with Honoria, 364, 415 sq. ,
421, 424; ravages North Italy, 417; re-
treats from before Rome, ib. ; Orestes
secretary to, 429, 433; 430
Attis, worship of, 107, 114
Attuarii. See Chattuarii
Audefleda, sister of Clovis, marries Theo-
doric, 451
Audians, among the Goths, 212, 214
Augst, Barbatio at, 67 sq.
Augusti, system of rule by, 27
Augustine, St (Aurelius Augustinus), Bishop
of Hippo, cited, 94, 115, 156 sq. , 180, 531,
545; De Civitate Dei of, 115, 170, 173,
575 sq. ; Epistles of, 115; 116 sq. ; ordina-
tion of, 152 sq. ; 162; helps in defence of
Hippo against the Vandals, 306; death,
ib. ; influence of, 396; and Count Boni-
face, 408; 497 ; doctrines of, 498; intro-
duces monastic life into Africa, 532;
534 sq. ; and the navicularii, 553; 555,
566; and Christian education, 570; at
Milan, 571; 577 ; influence of the philo-
sophers on, 578 sq. ; Confessions of, 579,
586; and magic, 580; and the Mani.
chaeans, 581; teaching of, 582, 585 sqq. ;
and his son, 596
Augustine, missionary to Britain, 391, 541
Augustodunum. See Autun
Augustus, C. Octavius, Emperor, 1, 11;
monopolises power, 24 sqq. , 31; improves
the coinage, 39 sq. , 45; 89; 115 ; 170;
attacks the Teutons, 195; 201; and
Britain, 368; political system of, 396;
543, 550; Lex Julia of, 551
Aurelian, Emperor, 7 sq. , 13, 21, 25, 28,
39 sq. , 140; and the Goths, 204 sqq. , 210;
295; and the food-supply of Rome, 551 ;
legislation under, 555 sg. ; 561
45
Index
Aspacures, made king of Hiberia by the
Persians, 225
Aspar, son of Ardaburius, defends Carthage,
306, 465; 309 sq. ; and Leo I, 395, 469 sq. ;
helps Boniface, 410; hinders expedition
against Vandals, 426, 468; fall of, 427;
makes truce with Yezdegerd II, 466;
obtains accession of Marcian, 467 ; makes
Leo emperor, 423, 468; demands advance-
ment for his son, 470; supported by
Goths, ib. ; death, 471; Theodoric obtains
terms for family of, 475
Assyria, 82; 88
Asyut. See Lycopolis
Ataulf, brother-in-law of Alaric, 270; joins
Alaric, 271; promoted by Attalus, 272 ;
273; elected king, 274, 399; marries
Placidia, 274, 398 sq. , 402; policy of,
277, 284; in Spain, 278; death, ib. ; 289;
negotiates with Jovinus, 401; treats with
Honorius, ib. ; occupies southern Gaul,
402 ; retreats to Spain, 403; assassinated,
ib. ; 404 sqq. , 438
Athalarich, grandson of Theodoric the Great,
policy of non-interference with the Van-
dals, 314; letter of, to Justinian, 440 ;
succeeds Theodoric, 454; death, ib.
Athanarich, judge of the Visigoths, perse-
cutes Gothic Christians, 212; makes war
on Rome, 213 and note; opposes Fritigern,
214; resists the Huns, 215; makes peace
with Valens, 221 sq. ; 231 sq. ; death, 237,
254; royal funeral, ib. ; 250, 260
Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, 14, 21;
returns to see and is again banished, 104;
cited, 111, 120; theological attitude of,
119, 487; at Council of Nicaea, 120 sq. ;
return of (346), 125 ; 126; life-work of,
127 sq. ; de Incarnatione of, 127; appeals
to Constantine, 128; is expelled from
Alexandria, ib. ; acquitted of heresy, 129;
return to Alexandria, 130, 346; 131 ;
conceals himself, 132; de Synodis of, 134;
returns to Alexandria (362), 135; again
exiled, 136; 137; death, 139; ordination,
160 sq. ; 489; said to have brought mon.
asticism to Western Europe, 531, 534;
reliability of, 571; 584; teaching of, 587
Athenais, daughter of Leontius. See Eu-
docia
Athenodorus (1), insurgent, captured and
beheaded, 480; his head shewn at Con-
stantinople, ib.
Athenodorus (2), insurgent, captured and
beheaded, 480; his head shewn at Tarsus,
ib.
Athens, Julian at, 64, 101, 116; 75; centre
of learning for Greece at, 88 sq. ; last
stronghold of paganism, 113; taken by
the Goths, 261, 457 ; 465; 595
Athos, Mount, monks of, 529
Atlantic Ocean, Saxons in, 299; limit of
ancient world, 368; 414
Atlas, Mount, 121
Atrans, defiles of, 60
C. MED. H. VOL. I.
## p. 706 (#736) ############################################
706
Index
Aurelianus, consul, opposes promotion of
foreigners, 262; extradition of, 263, 459 ;
made praefect, 459; restored, 460
Aurelianus, priest, compensated by Theo-
doric, 450
Aures Mts, 312
Ausonius, Decimus Magnus, his Mosella
cited, 379; holds high offices, 570; 594
Austoriani, invade Tripolis, 227
Austria, Rugii settled in, 420
Autun (Augustodunum), 59; Julian at, 66;
as seat of learning, 88; 175
Auvergne, Jovinus acknowledged in, 277,
401; conquered by Goths, 283,427;
ceded to Euric, 429, 433; austerities of
hermits in, 535
Auxerre, 66
Avars, the, invade Europe, 18, 328, 349,
357; flee from the Turks, 328; methods
of warfare of, 350; 359; 468
Avienus, son of Faustus, becomes consul,
445
Avitus, Emperor of the West, proclaimed
emperor, 281, 421 ; trains Theodoric II
in Roman literature, 281, 291, 421;
driven from Rome, 309, 422; death, ib. ;
opposition of the Senate to, 397, 422 ;
compulsorily made bishop, 422 ; defeated
by Ricimer, ib. ; 423
Avon, River, kingdom of Hwicce inoludes
basin of, 390
Aylesbury, taken by West Saxons, 390
Azerbaidjan, devastated by Chinghiz Khan,
350
Azov, Sea of (Lake Maeotis), 204 sq.
Baluol, tribe of Suebi, 197
Bainobaudes, tribune, dismissed, 68
Baku, Huns at, 261
Balchobaudes, tribune, treachery of, 222
Balearic Isles, infested by Vandals, 305;
ceded by treaty to the Vandals, 311;
Vandal rule in, 320
Balkan Mts (Haemus), 16; 130; barbarians
in, 204, 206, 233 sq. ; Gothic colonists in,
239; Theodoric in, 438, 474
Balkan peninsula, the, canons of the Council
of Sardica for, 149; romanised nomads
in, 356 ; language of, 546; 549
Balti, Alaric belongs to family of, 257
Baltic Sea, earliest home of the Teutons
near the, 183, 186, 198; Goths migrate
to, 202 ; early Germanic tribes settled by,
292, 384; Esthonians settled by, 452
Bamborough, chief settlement in Bernician
kingdom, 391
Banat, Taifali occupy the, 205
Barbatio, Count of the guard, 63; fails to
help Julian, 67 sq. , 209; dismisses
Valentinian, 218
Barbury Camp. See Beranburg
Barcelona, Theodosius, son of Ataulf, born
at, 278, 403
Barnabas, St, discovery of the body of, 175
Barsumas, Bishop of Nisibis, at the Robber
Council, 505 ; pupil of Ibas, 514; works
against Monophysites, 515; made bishop,
519
Barzimeres, tribune, defeated at Dibaltus,
216
Basentus, River. See Busento
Basel, Constantius at, 65; 67 ; Julian at,
74 sq. ; 229
Basil, St, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia,
116; overawes Valens, 138; character of,
139; province of, reduced by Valens, 168,
592 ; Canons of, 181; and Greek mona-
chism, 527 sq. ; his monastic system
described, 528 sqq. , 595; his Rule trans-
lated by Rufinus, 535; 538; education,
570; Platonism of, 578; cited, 582, 584
Basilina, mother of Julian, 22, 63
Basiliscus, brother of the Empress Verina,
mismanages expedition against the Van-
dals, 310 sq. , 315, 426, 470; revolt of,
429, 432, 437; commands in Thrace, 470;
Emperor, 435, 473, 515; flight and death,
473; 513; and the Monophysites, 515;
Encyclical of, ib.
Basiliscus (great-nephew of above), son of
Armatus, to be made Caesar, 473; bishop
of Cyzicus, 474
Basilius, praetorian praefect and patrician,
and the papal election, 436
Basina, Queen of the Thuringians, marries
Childerio, 298
Basinus, King of the Thuringians, 298
Basques, the, speech of, 546
Bassianus, brother-in-law of Constantine,
6 sq. , 15, 22
Bastarnae, Teutonic tribe, early settlements
Baal, priests of, court clergy compared to,
493
Babylas, St, Bishop of Antioch, bis bones
removed by Julian, 81
Babylon, King of. See Hammurabi
Bacchus, Julian revives worship of, 107 ;
117
Bactria, climate of, 326
Bacurius, leader of the Goths, slain, 247;
259
Baden, early inhabitants of, 294
Badonicus, Mons, siege of, 388
Baetica, Silingi settled in, 275, 304; Goths
hold, 287; Asdingian Vandals retreat to,
305; recovered for Rome by Wallia, 404;
406, 409; conquered by Rechiar, 413
Baetusii, Teutonic tribe, 188
Bagaudae, insurrection of, suppressed by
Maximian, 207; hold the Western Alps,
267; in Spain, 281, 421; social war of,
411; 415
Bagavan (Vagobanta), Romans victorious
at, 226
Bagradas, River, 263
Bahram (Warahran) IV, King of Persia,
240 note
Bahram (Warahran) V, King of Persia,
persecutes Christians, 464 ; at war with
Rome, ib.
## p. 707 (#737) ############################################
Index
707
of, 185, 198; and Philip of Macedon, 190;
attack Romans, 203, 205 ; defeated by
Goths, 206; under Attila, 361
Batavi, the land of, 70; troops summoned
from Gaul, 72 ; sent to Britain, 223;
tribes do homage to Honorius, 260
Bath (Aquae Sulis), founded, 371 ; Roman
roads through, 376; perishes in English
invasion, 381 ; taken by West Saxons,
390
Bativi, 196
Batnae, 81, 482
Battersea, 614
Baucalis, part of Alexandria, Arius as parish
priest of, 159
Bauto, Roman officer, sent against Goths,
237, 253 ; secures Alpine passes against
Maximus, 239 sqq. ; his daughter marries
Arcadius, 260, 456
Bavaria, 353 note
Bavay, 297
Bazas, Ataulf fails to take, 403
Bedcanford (perhaps Bedford), fight between
West Saxons and Britons at, 390
Bedculphas, Gothic representative of Theo-
doric at Roman Synod, 450
Bede, the Venerable, Ecclesiastical History
of, cited, 382 sq. , 387, 389 sqq.
Bedford, 390
Bedfordshire, 389
Bedouins, abstemiousness of the, 341
Behnésa in Egypt, glass relic found at, 606,
612
Belgae, British tribe, 373
Belgica, Julian's rule in, 70; Aduatuci in,
193; invaded by Huns, 280 ; (Prima)
attacked by Burgundians, 411
Belgium, Kelts in, 186
Belgrade (Singidunum), taken by Huns,
363; 364; recovered by Theodoric, 471
Belias (Belecha), the, 82
Belisarius, 1; expedition against the Van.
dals, 315, 413; invasion of Italy, 571
Benedict, St, imitates monastic rule of
Pachomius, 525; adopts monastic prin.
ciples of Basil, 528; 533; prevalence of
Rule of, 534 sq. ; early years, 536 ; at
Monte Cassino, 537; death, ib. ; details
of his Rule, 537 sqq.
Bensington, taken by West Saxons, 390
Beowulf, scene laid in Denmark and Sweden,
386
Beranburg (Barbury Camp near Swindon),
battle of, 389
Berhta (Bertha), marries Aetbelberht of
Kent, 391
Berlin Museum, relic from the catacombs
at, 601 sq. ; ivories at, 604
Bernicia, kingdom of, 389 sq. ; early history
of, 391
Beroë (Augusta Traiana), Romans defeated
at, 204
Beroea, Licinius at, 7; Julian at, 110;
Saturninus at, 233; Goths at, 234
Berytus, linen trade of, 548
Besançon, Julian at, 74
Bessarabia, 357
Beth Abhe, Nestorian monastery, 527
Bethlehem, St Jerome at, 399, 574; church
built at, 609 sq.
Beyrout, 88; Law School at, 89
Bezabde, fortress on the Tigris, captured by
Persians, 74
Bicester, 376
Bilimer, brings troops to help of Anthemius,
428; defeated, ib.
Bineses, a Persian noble, occupies Nisibis, 85
Bingen (Bingium), refortified by Julian, 70,
209
Birmingham, modern site on Roman road,
376
Birnbaum Forest, route of Alaric by the,
264
Bithynia, 13, 60, 120; coast of, ravaged,
204; 213, 220; Valens in, 220; won for
Procopius, 221; 477; family of Longinus
in, 480; reduction of animal-tax in, 485
Black Forest, the, 75
Black Sea, the (Euxine), 16 sq. ; Kelts on,
186; Teutons on, 190; Goths on, 202 sqq. ;
206, 214; Trojans cross, 293; Akatziri on
north coast of, 361
Bleda, brother of Attila, 360; murdered,
414
Blemmyes, raids of, 468, 480; capture
Nestorius, 502
Blessings of Christ, the, poem by Rusticus
Helpidius, 449
Boadicea. See Boudicca
Bodleian Collection, ivory in, 605
Böhmer-Wald, the, 195 sqq.
Boeotia, barbarian hordes in, 205; invaded
by Alaric, 261, 457
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus,
executed, 444; writings of, 448 sq. , 584,
586; de Trinitate and de Consolatione of,
453; imprisoned, and put to death, ib. ,
569; Neoplatonism of, 579
Bohemia, 185; Germanic peoples reach,
192; Marcomanni in, 189, 195 sq. ; Boii
in, 197
Bohuslän in Sweden, rock. carvings in, 387
Boii, drive back the Teutons, 192; leave
Bohemia, 195; 196 sq.
Bokhara, slave-markets of, 348 ; corrupt
administration of, 352
Bolgaro, Bolgheri, names shewing Bulgarian
occupation, 358
Bologna, Honorius at, 268; Stilicho at,
269; 273
Bolsena, Lake of, Amalasuntha imprisoned
on island in, 454 sq.
Bon, Cape (Promontorium Mercurii), fleet
of Basiliscus destroyed under, 311
Bona. See Hippo Regius
Boniface, St, missionary to Germany,
541 sq.
Boniface I, Bishop of Rome, election of,
155; 180
Boniface, Count of Africa, disputes with the
45-2
## p. 708 (#738) ############################################
708
Index
208;
Imperial Government, 305; holds Mar.
seilles against Ataulf, 402; rivalry with
Castinus, 406; Aight to Africa, ib. ;
opposes John and Aëtius, 407; made
count, 408; rebels, ib. ; makes treaty
with Roman Government, 409; defeated
by Vandals, 409 sq. ; recalled, 410;
struggle with Aëtius, ib. ; death, ib. ; 418
Boniface, priest, legate of Pope Léo at
Council of Chalcedon, 508
Bonifacius, navicularius, and Augustine,
553
Bonifacius. See Boniface
Bonn (Bonna), refortified by Julian, 209;
a principal city of the Ripuarian Franks,
300
Bononia (on the Danube), Julian at, 75
Bononia (Gaul). See Boulogne
Book of the Governors, of Thomas of Marga,
account of Nestorian monastery, 527
Borani, in Black Sea region, 203 sq.
Bordeaux, 88, 174; Vandals at, 266; taken
by Ataulf, 277, 401; Euric at, 286;
Lampridius at, 292; burnt, 403; head-
quarters of Visigoths, 403, 411; 609
Borgstedterfeld, cemetery at, 385
Borgundarholmr, 185
Bosnia, Roumanians in, 356
Bosphorus, 3, 13, 16 sqq. , 141; Heruli on
the, 205; Goths on the, 252; 493
Bostra or Bosra, Julian's letter to people of,
80; dissension in church of, 490
Botherich, captain of the garrison at
Thessalonica, murdered by the populace,
244, 257
Boudicca (Boadicea), revolt of, 371
Boulogne (Gessoriacum or Bononia), 3, 58 ;
Theodosius sails from, 223; early connec-
tion with Britain, 370, 377
Bourges, Bretons in, 283
Brabant, Keltic names in, 186; 297
Braga, Bishops of. See Fructuosus, Martin
Bregetio, Valentinian at, 229; Valentinian
II elected at, 231, 242
Bremen, 186
Brenner Pass, Alario in the, 265
Brennus, and the battle of the Allia, 576
Brescia coffer, sculptures of, 604
Bretons, attacked in Bourges by Euric, 283;
in north-west Gaul, 413
Breviarium Alaricianum. See Lex Romana
Breviatio Canonum, of Ferrandus of Car-
thage, 181
Brigantes, British tribe, 373
Brighthampton in Oxfordshire, archaeo-
logical discoveries at, 388
Brisigavi, tribe of the Alemanni, 200
Britain, 2; under Constantine, 3; sends
bishops to Council of Arles, 12; not
represented at Council of Nicaea, 13; 31;
awarded to Constantine II, 56; passes to
Constans, 58; supplies corn for Roman
army, 69 sq. ; 88; worship of Isis in, 90;
Kelts in, 186, 368; Carausius in, 207;
coast defence of, 208; Valentinian in,
218; Theodosius in, 223 sq. ; misgovern.
ment in, 227 ; 228; Maximus proclaimed
emperor in, 238, 255; Constantine pro-
claimed emperor in, 267; rising of Kelts
in, ib. ; Romans in, Ch. XIII (a) passim;
geological formation, 367; Julius Caesar
in, 368; Agricola in, ib. ; Romanisation
of, 368 sqq. ; use of Latin language in,
375; Roman roads in, 376; communica-
tion with the Continent, 377; exports
corn, 379; Rome ceases to govern, ib. ,
413; English invasion of, 380 sqq. ; 393;
452; early glass found in, 607; early
Christian art in, 613 sq.
British Museum, specimens of early Chris-
tian art at, 601 sqq. , 612
Britolages, 190
Britons, 370; adopt Latin language and
dress, 371; roads of, 376; left without
Roman help, 379; resist the English, 380,
383, 388; retire to the hills, 381; 385 ;
problematic fate of, 387; battles of,
against English, 388 sq. ; massacre of, at
Chester, 391
Brittany, pre-Roman customs of, 546
Bronze Age, Teutons in the, 183 sqq.
Bructeri, tribe of Ripuarian Franks, 3;
location of the, 198; under Constantine,
terrorised by Arbogast, 246, 259;
295, 299; under Attila, 361
Brumath, taken by the Alemanni, 66; 68
Brytae, festival of the, riots at, 484; abo-
lished, ib.
Bucinobantes, tribe of the Alemanni, 200
Buckinghamshire, Roman villas in, 375;
and the West Saxons, 390
Bujuk-Derbent, Pass of, army of Fritigern
in, 234
Bukovina, 357
Bulgarians (Bulgars), the, 18 ; invasion of
Europe by, 349; 357; invade Italy, 358;
359; appear beyond Danube, 472; oppose
Theodoric, 477 sq. ; raid Thrace and
Illyricum, 483; support Vitalianus, 485 sq.
Burgiones, location of the, 198
Burgundians (Burgundi, Burgundii, Bur-
gundiones), location of, 185, 198; Maxi.
mian's campaign against, 207; Valentinian
negotiates with, 224; 266 sq. ; in army of
Jovinus, 275, 401; 281; disturbances
among, 282; defeated by Goths, 284;
allied with Franks, 286; 307; acknow.
ledge Majorian, 309; under Attila, 361;
in Waldhere, 386; invasion of Gaul by,
400 sq. ; defeated, 411; remnant settle in
Savoy, 411, 413; in Liguria, 439, 445; at
war with Franks, 452
Burgundiones. See Burgundians
Burgundy, Chattuarii probably settled in,
295
Buri, Teutonic tribe, location of the, 195,
198; invade Roman provinces, 199
Busento (Basentus), River, burial-place of
Alaric, 274, 399
Byblus, linen trade of, 548 sq.
## p. 709 (#739) ############################################
Index
709
Cambrian Annals, the, cited, 388
Cambridge, Roman road through, 376
Campania, 358, 434
Campi Raudii, Cimbri defeated on, 193
Campus Martii, scene of murder of Valen.
tinian III, 419
Campus Vocladensis. See Vouglé
Camulodunum. See Colchester
Candidianus, count, imperial emissary at
the Council of Ephesus, 500 sq.
Candidianus, general, supports Valen.
tinian III, 465
Cannae, battle of Hadrianople compared to,
217; 576
Canon Law, 176; development of, 178
182; Isidorian collection of, 179; see
Damasus
Canones of Eusebius, 583
Canopus, monastery at, 524
Cantabrian Mountains, Asdingians force the
Sueves into, 305
Canterbury (Durovernum Cantiacorum),
Romano-British town, 373; Roman road
through, 376; perishes in English invasion,
381
Canterbury, province of, 175
Cantii, British tribe, 373
Capella, Martianus, The Nuptials of Mercury
and Philology of, 572
Capitol, the, 16
Capitula, of Martin of Braga, 181
Cappadocia, 29, 43, 63, 99, 110, 136;
strongly Arian, 138; rule of St Basil in,
138 sq. ; 146; divided by Valens, 168,
592; 212; Basiliscus and his family be-
headed in, 473; fur trade of, 548
Capua, Goths at, 273
Caracalla, Emperor, 17, 26, 40, 120; drives
9
Byzacena, assigned to Vandals, 307, 413;
Moors defeat Vandals in, 314; 316
Byzantium, captured by Maximin, 6;
Licinius at, 8; position of, 16 sqq. ; at-
tacked by Heruli, 205; 206; 309 sqq. ;
Magyars reach, 356; 412; 441; 487; 491.
See Constantinople, Empire (the Eastern)
Cabillona. See Chalon-sur-Saône
Cabiri, temple of the, 608
Cabyle, Fritigern at, 216, 234
Cadiz, 88
Caecilian, Bishop of Carthage, 12, 149, 165
Caepio, Q. Servilius, proconsul, defeated,
192
Caerleon on Usk (Isca Silurum), Roman
fortress at, 369
Caeroesi, Teutonic tribe, 188
Caerwent (Venta Silurum), founded, 371 ;
headquarters of Silures, 372; 373; re-
sults of excavations at, 374 sq.
Caesar, Julius, 25; and the Eburones, 188;
cited, 188 sqq. ; in Gaul, 194, 197, 368;
in Britain, 368; 371; 410
Caesarea (Mazaca), in Cappadocia, rule of
St Basil in, 139; 231 ; Paulinus beheaded
at, 466; Marcian at, 476
Caesarea in Cappadocia, Bishops of. See
Basil, Thalassius
Caesarea in Palestine, Constantius at, 74;
Arius retires to, 119; ecclesiastical im-
portance of, 175; Creed of, 177 ; taken
by Justasa, 474 ; trade in purple fabrics
of, 548; church built at, 611
Caesarea in Palestine, Bishops of. See
Acacius, Eusebius
Caesarium, church, murder of Hypatia in,
463 ; consecration of Timothy Aelurus
in, 513
Caesarius, magister officiorum, envoy of
Theodosius to Antioch, 241 sq. ; made
praefect, 459; tries to save the Goths,
460 ; deposed and imprisoned, ib.
Caesarius, brother of Gregory of Nazianzus,
education of, 570
Caesarius of Arles, rules of, for monks and
back the Alemanni, 200
Caracalla, Baths of, 612
Caraces, Teutonic tribe, 188
Carausius the Menapian, acknowledged em.
peror in Britain, 2, 207, 377; murdered,
377; sent against Saxon pirates, 378
Carbo, Cn. Papirius, consul, opposes ad.
vance of the Teutons, 192
Carbonarian Forest (Silva Carbonaria),
Roman victory in, 243, 256
Cardala, 478
Cardiff, site of Roman fort, 370
Carietto, magister militum, 244, 256
Carinus, general, gives up Odessus to Vita-
lianus, 485
Carlisle, Roman Wall and road near, 377
Carmarthen, Roman road at, 377
Carnarvon, Roman road at, 377
Carnuntum, Valentinian at, 229
Carpathian Mts, 185, 190, 198, 356
Carpi, tribe in Dacia, 203 ; raids of, 239
Carpilio, son of Aëtius, sent as hostage to
Attila, 362, 415
Carpini, Plano, cited, 341 sq. , 350, 359
Carrhae, plundered by Arabs, 481 ; Persians
fail to take, 482
Carthage, centre of learning for North
nuns, 535
Caesars, system of rule by, 27
Caesena, Liberius holds, 443
Caister by Norwich (Venta Icenorum),
Romano-British town, 373; Roman road
through, 376
Calabria, attacked by Vandals, 412 ; plun.
dered by fleet of Anastasius, 451
Calaris, Bishop of. See Lucifer
Caledonia, 3
Caligula, Emperor, and Britain, 368
Caliphate of Cordova, the, 409
Calleva Atrebatum. See Silchester
Callinicum (Callinicus) (Ar-Rakka), Julian
reaches, 82; punishment of monks at,
249; skirmish at, 482
Calocerus, pretender, 19
Cambrai, taken by Clodion, 297; Ragnachar
reigns at, 299
## p. 710 (#740) ############################################
710
Index
389 sq.
Africa, 88; development of church or-
ganisation at, 150; prominence of church
of, 172 ; controversy with Roman church,
179; Council of (390), 182 ; execution of
Theodosius at, 228; taken by Vandals,
306, 412, 465; centre of the Vandal power
in Africa, 307, 316 ; long vacant see filled
(455), 308; see filled (481), 312; catholic
clergy expelled from, 320; title of Patri.
arch borne by bishop of, 321 ; death of
Heraclian at, 402; Romans attempt to
retake, 310, 426; Council of (426), 498;
ascetic life early practised in, 531
Carthage, Bishops of. See Caecilian, Cy.
prian, Deogratias, Mensurius
Carthagena, principal town of the Alani in
Spain, 304; taken from the Romans, 305;
Majorian at, 309
Carthaginensis (Carthagena, province),
Alani settled in, 275, 304 ; Goths hold,
287; conquered by Sueves, 413
Carus, M. Aurelius, Emperor, 6
Caspari, Anecdota of, 115
Caspian Sea, 215, 261, 323, 326, 328, 466
Cassian (Joannes Cassianus), his life in
Nitria, 522 ; Collations of, 525; St Bene-
dict and, 528; at Marseilles, 534; writ-
ings of, 535, 538; and Pelagius, 586
Cassianus, commander in Mesopotamia,
71
Cassianus Postumus, Roman general,
201 sq.
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, cited, 432,
434, 437, 441 sq. , 444 sqq. ; and monastic
studies, 538; and the study of Christian
literature, 570
Castellum Verruca, fortifications repaired
at, 448
Castinus, Roman general, defeated by Van.
dals in Spain, 305, 406; rivalry with
Boniface, 406; made magister militum,
ib. ; supports John, usurping emperor,
407; exiled, 408
Castor and Pollux, Julian revives worship
of, 107; games in honour of, 114
Castra Herculis (Heraclea), fortified by
Julian, 70
Casvalda, leader of the Suebi, 197
Catacomb of St Hermes, 599
Catacomb of Priscilla, Capella Graeca in,
599
Cathirius, Bishop of the Crimean Bosporus,
13
Catterick Bridge, at junction of Roman
roads, 377
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius, and the Cimbri,
193
Cauca, in Spain, birthplace of Theodosius I,
140
Caucasia, devastated by Chinghiz Khan,
350
Caucasian Gates, arrangements for defence
of, 466, 469, 481
Caucasus, Mts, 16, 242; Huns cross, 261,
363, 469
Ceadwalla, ravages the Isle of Wight, 389
Cearl, King of Mercia, 390
Ceawlin, King of Wessex, victories of,
Celer, magister officiorum, defeats Persians,
482 ; negotiates peace, 483; tries to ap-
pease the mob, 485
Celestine I, Bishop of Rome, decretal letters
of, 182; and the Nestorian controversy,
497, 499; represented at Council of
Ephesus, 500
Cellia, desert covered with hermits' cells,
522
Celsus, friend of Lucian, 105
Celtiberi, oppose advance of the Cimbri, 192
Celts. See Kelts
Cerdio, reputed founder of the kingdom of
Wessex, 382 sq. , 389
Ceres, worship of, 93; 117
Cevennes Mts, 367, 372
Chaivones, driven out of Gaul, 207
Chalcedon, 17; court of justice sits at, 78;
132; canons of, 169 sq. , 510 sq. ; work
of Council of, 175 sqq. , 180; sacked by
Goths, 204; besieged by Valens, 221 ;
417 sq. ; 507 sqq. ; Eutropius tried and
beheaded at, 459; meeting of Arcadius
and Gaïnas at, ib. ; Basiliscus abrogates
decree of, 473 ; 476 ; synod at, condemns
Chrysostom, 493 ; Nestorius approves de-
cisions of Council of, 503; organisation
and procedure of Council of, 508; objec-
tions to Canon XXVIII, 510 sq. ; results of
Council, 512 sq. ; decrees of Council, pro-
mulgated in Antioch, 514; 515; support
given to decisions of Council, 516;
517; authority again recognised, 518;
529
Chalcedon, Bishop of. See Maris
Chalcedonians, the, side with Illus, 478
dislike Anastasius, 480
Chalcis in Syria, 82; inhabitants refuse to
acknowledge Leontius, 478
Chalon-sur-Saône (Cabillona), Alemanni
successful at, 222
Châlons-sur-Marne, defeat of the Alemanni
at, 209, 222
Chamavi, location of, 69, 198, 295; known
as Franks, 201; prisoners settled in Gaul,
208; defeated by Julian, 209; terrorised
by Arbogast, 246, 259
Chararic, chief of the Salian Franks, 299
Charcha, 85
Chariberht, Frankish prince, 391
Charietto, Roman officer, slain by Alemanni,
222
Charini, early settlements of, 185
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 1, 182,
431, 541
Charles Martel, 48
Charpeigne (Scarponna), barbarians de.
feated at, 222
Charrae, 72; Julian halts at, 81
Chatagais, the, 334
Chateauroux, 283
## p. 711 (#741) ############################################
711
Constantine's favours to, 7; hypocrisy of
denounced, 11; Julian's treatment of,
78 sqq. , 102 sqq. , 134; excluded from
education, 103 ; spared by the Vandals,
308
Chronographia of Eusebius, 583
Chrysanthius, philosopher, 64
Chrysaphius, court eunuch, attempts murder
of Attila, 363, 467; influence at Court,
466; misrule of, 467; put to death, ib. ;
and the Patriarch Flavian, 504; and
Eutyches, 505 ; degraded, 506
Chrysopolis, battle of, 8, 10, 19
Chrysostom, St John, Bishop of Constanti.
nople, cited, 19; taught by Libanius, 116,
570; 174; 179; homilies of, 241; shields
Eutropius, 459; opposes any concessions
to Arians, 263; 460; condemns Eudoxia,
461, 493; deposed, recalled, expelled,
461, 493; controversy connected with,
488 sqq. ; character, 491; his visitation of
Asia, 492; death, 494; 495; and the
stage, 593
Chu, River, 323
Church, The, (i) Relations with the State:
from Nero to Constantine, 4, 6, 9; as
established at Nicaea, 141; under the
later Empire, 565 sqq. , 591 sq. ; under
the Visigoths, 290; under Theodoric,
449 sqq.
(ii) Organisation of: 9, 96 ; development
of, Ch. vi; diaconate, 148 sqq. , 154 sq. ;
dioceses, 168 sqq. ; Episcopate, 145 sqq. ,
election to, 152 sq. , equality in, 167,
metropolitan, 168 sq. , primacy, 169–75;
councils, see Councils ; presbytery, 147 sq. ,
155 sqq. , 160 sq. ; sacerdotium, 157 sq.
481-511 Reign of Clovis.
486 Clovis defeats Syagrius.
491-518 Anastasius Emperor.
493–526 Reign of Theodoric in Italy.
507 Battle of Vouglé. Clovis conquers Aquitaine.
518 Justin Emperor. End of the Schism.
533 Conquest of Africa by Belisarius.
597 Landing of Augustine.
Death of Columba (9 June).
## p. 698 (#728) ############################################
## p. 699 (#729) ############################################
699
INDEX
Aachen. See Aix-la-Chapelle
Abercius, Bishop of Hierapolis, 164
Ablabius, favourite of Constantine, 21 sq. ;
murder of, 55
Aboras (Khabūr), River, 22; Julian crosses,
82
Abraham, patriarch, story of, 336; 583
Abrittus, battle of, 204
Abruzzi, Altaian Bulgars settle in moun.
tains of, 358
Abundantius, general, banished, 457
Acacius, Bishop of Amida, helps the Persian
prisoners, 464
Acacius, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine,
convenes & Syrian synod, 132; 133;
assents to Nicene faith, 136
Acacius, Bishop of Constantinople, opposes
Basiliscus, 473 ; character, 515; alliance
with Peter of Alexandria, 516; and the
Henoticon, 517; excommunicated by
Simplicius, ib. ; erasure of name from
diptychs, 518
Achaia, 30 sq. ; last stronghold of paganism,
113; Goths in, 237 ; under Theodosius,
253 ; 261
Achillaeus, usurper, revolt of, 120
Acholius, Bishop of Thessalonica, baptises
Theodosius I, 140
Acincum, Valentinian at, 229
Acoemetae, order of monks at Constanti-
nople, 516
Aconia Paulina, wife of Praetextatus, pagan
rites of, 93
Acris, Hypatius captured at, 485
Acropolis at Athens, the, 598
Acts of the Apostles, the, cited, 148 ; 154;
translated into verse by Arator of Milan,
449
Adamantius, son of Vivianus, treats with
Theodoric, 475 sq.
Adamelissi, fortress of Tropaeum Traiani
built at, 210 sq.
Adamnan, his Life of St Columba cited, 391
Adda, River, battle on, 439
Addao, King of the Alani, death of, 304
Addaeus, Roman officer, employed in
Armenia, 225
Adeodatus, son of Augustine, 596
ad Evangelum presbyterum of Jerome, 155
‘Adid the Arab, joins Romans, 482
Adige, River, 193, 441
Admagetobriga (Montbéliard), Gauls de-
feated at, 193
Admonitions for Monks, Rabbula, cited,
526
Adria, Goths at, 446
Adriatic Sea, fleet of Maximus in, 243;
nomads find winter quarters by, 358 and
note ; 364; Theodoric's fleet in, 451 ; 459
Aduatuci, Teutonic tribe, in Gaul, 190; in
Belgica, 193
Aedan, Dalriadic King, encounters Aethel-
frith, 391
Aedesius, philosopher, 64, 99
Aedui, Keltic tribe, at war with the Sequani,
193; subdued, 194
Aegean Sea, 16 sq. , 19, 205 sq. ; nomads
winter near, 358
Aegidius, generalof Majorian, victorious near
Orleans, 282, 298; death, 299, 310; makes
alliance with Gaiseric, 310; independent
ruler in Gaul, 424 sq. ; defeats Visigoths,
425 ; death, ib.
Aegina, pagan worship at, 93
Aelia Capitolina. See Jerusalem
Aelle, King of Deira, 390
Aelle, reputed founder of the kingdom of
Sussex, 382, 390
Aemilia, 239; Alaric in, 273
Aemona (Laibach), Theodosius at, 243; 247;
Alaric at, 264, 268
Aequitius, Roman general, 218, 220 sq. , 229
Aeruli. See Heruli
Aesculapius, Julian revives worship of, 107
Aestii. See Aists
Aethelberht, King of Kent, and Ceawlin,
389 sq. ; importance of, 391
Aethelfrith, King of Bernicia, obtains Deira
by marriage, 390; encounters Aedan, 391;
massacres the Britons, ib.
Aethiopica, attributed to Heliodorus, 569
Aëtius, Roman general, forms alliance with
Visigoths, 279, 416; defeats the Huns,
280, 416; and the Salian Franks, 297 ;
298; and the Vandals, 308; and the
Huns, 360 sqq. , 407 ; 394 ; Britons appeal
for help to, 380; 393; and Valentinian III,
395, 397, 399; birth and parentage, 406;
supports usurper John, 407 sq. ; pro-
moted, 408; successes of, 410; struggle
## p. 700 (#730) ############################################
700
Index
with Boniface, ib. ; supreme in the West,
411; policy in Gaul and Africa, ib. ;
412 sqq. ; third time consul, 415; sup-
ports Frankish prince, ib. ; fails to crush
Attila, 416 sq. ; assassinated, 418; his
greatness dis
ed, 418 sq. ; 420 sqq.
Aëtius, city praefect, attacked, 463
Aëtius, heretic teacher, condemnation of,
137
Africa, under Maxentius, 3; Christians in,
11; 13, 18, 30 sq. , 50; awarded to Con.
stans, 56; 58 sq. ; 61 ; 88; slow decay
of paganism in, 115, 121 ; 162; church
councils for, 164 sq. ; 172; first councils of
bishops in, 178; 182; Franks in, 202; 218;
misgovernment in, 227 sq. ; acknow-
ledges Maximus, 239; revolt of Gildo
in, 262 sqq. , 458; Heraclian in, 272 sqq. ;
importance of corn supply of, 275; Van-
dals settled in, 276, 277; Wallia attempts
to seize corn of, 278; 287; the Vandals
in, 305 sq. , 409, 412, 465; divided be.
tween Romans and Vandals, 307, 413;
Vandals seize all Roman provinces, 309;
Marcellinus fails to relieve, 310 ; Vandals
confirmed in possession of, 311; per-
secution of the Catholics in, 312; revolt
of Moors in, 312 sq. ; 315; constitution
of the Vandal kingdom in, 316 sqq. , 399 ;
Arian predominance in, 306, 312, 321;
322; 358, 393 ; revolt of Heraclian in,
402; 404 ; Boniface in, 406 sqq. ; policy
of Aëtius towards, 411, 419; Roman cap-
tives carried to, 421 ; 423, 428, 430 sq. ,
452, 518; monachism in, 532; Punio
language used in, 545; oil trade of, 548;
and the corn supply, 552; 586; early
churches in, 609; 612
Africanus, governor of Pannonia Secunda,
64
Agapitus, holds appointments under Theo-
doric, 442 sq.
Agde, council held at, 286
Agilo, Roman general, envoy to Aquileia,
77 ; supports Procopius, 220; deserts to
Valens, 221
Agricola, Cn. Julius, in Britain, 368, 372
Agri Decumates, barbarians overrun the,
201
Agrigentum, Romans victorious at, 309
Agrippinus, comes, commands in Narbonne,
282
Ahenobarbus, L. Domitius, Roman general,
197
Aists (Aestii), 184
Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), a principal city
of the Ripuarian Franks, 300
Akatziri, the, submit to Attila, 360 sq.
Akeman Street, course of, 376
Akhmim. See Panopolis
Alai Mts, 340
Alani (Alans), settled near River Don, 203 ;
protect the Urugundi, 206; overpowered
by Huns, 215, 231 ; plunder Roman pro-
vinces, 216 ; 233; favoured by Gratian,
238; raid territory of Alemanni, 241 ;
enlist under Theodosius, 242 ; 250; at
battle of Hadrianople, 251 ; 253 ; in Pan.
nonia, 254 ; migrate to Noricum, 264; at
battle of Pollentia, 265; invade Gaul,
266 sq. , 393 sq. , 400; in Spain, 274 sq. ,
304, 316, 400; defeated by Goths, 278,
281, 304, 404; remnant joins the Asdin-
gian Vandals, 304, 404; subordinate to
Vandals in Africa, 316; paganism of,
320; in Italy and Gaul, 358; tributary
to Attila, 361 ; desert from army of
Ataulf, 403; 412 ; settled in Gaul, 413,
416; 471
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 113; makes
Attalus emperor, 115, 272; storms Rome,
170; first appearance of, 257; dis-
appointed of promotion, 259; marches
on Constantinople, 260, 456 ; campaign
in Greece, 261, 457 sq. ; treats with
Western and Eastern Empires, 262, 458 ;
invades the Western Empire, 264 ; at the
battle of Pollentia, 265, 461; Illyrian
project of, 267; subsidised by Rome, 268 ;
besieges Rome, 270; demands excessive
concessions, 271 ; sacks Rome, 273 ;
death, 274, 365, 392, 399; result of rule
of, 276; 283, 289, 305 ; and Stilicho,
394 ; 400, 402, 404; Gaudentius a hostage
with, 407 ; 417; 459, 461 sq. , 552
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, decline of
Gothic power under, 284 ; character and
rule of, 285 ; defeated and slain, 286;
289 sq. ; Catholic Church under, 291;
marries Theodoric's daughter, 451; killed,
452
Alathar, magister militum, 485; captured,
486
Alatheus, leader of the Greutungi, 232 ; de-
vastates Pannonia, 237 ; invades Roman
territory, 250; at battle of Hadrianople,
251 ; rules for infant son of Withimir,
253
Alavio, chief of the Visigoths, 214 sg. ;
killed, 233; obtains leave to settle in
Roman territory, 250
Alba, 44
Albania, Roumanians in, 356
Albanians, 357; speech of, 546
Albini, Christian members of family of, 572
Albinus, heathen pontiff, 116 ; 571
Albinus, patrician, 448; accused of in-
trigue, 453
Alboin, King of the Lombards, 358, 431
Alchester near Bicester, on Akeman Street,
376
Aldborough (Isurium Brigantum), Romano-
British town, 373
Alemanni, confederacy of Teutonic tribes,
3; defeated by Magnentius, 65 ; defeated
at Strassburg, 68; subdued, 69 sq. ; 73 sq. ;
confederacy of the, 195, 200 and note;
reach Italian frontier, 201 ; 202; raids
of, 207; repulsed, 208; campaigns of
Constantius against, 209; defeated at
## p. 701 (#731) ############################################
Index
701
165; 160 sg.
Argentaria, 210, 252 sq. ; campaigns of
Valentinian against, 222 sq. ; king of, slain,
223; defeated, 224; prisoners settled in
Italy, ib. ; 229; Roman army recruited
from, 246, 259; 248, 253; campaign of,
against Romans of Upper Germany, 266;
267; in army of Jovinus, 275, 401; sup-
posed origin of, 292 899. ; 299; conflict
with the Ripuarian Franks, 300; possibly
subject to Attila, 361; invasion of Gaul
by, 400 sq. ; settled on Upper Rhine, 413;
guard the frontier, 441; Theodoric pro-
tects, 451
Alexander the Great, 17, 25, 78, 83, 87, 353,
403, 489
Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, and the
Arian controversy, 120, 159,
Alexander, Bishop of Antioch, 170 sq.
Alexandria, 3, 14, 18; inhabitants murder
their Bishop, 80 ; becomes a centre of
learning, 88; pagan worship at, 97; 99;
return of Athanasius to, 104; Arius at,
119; Athanasius expelled from, 128;
return of Athanasius to, 130; 131 sq. ;
135 sqq. , 139, 141; parochial system at,
159 ; presbyterian election of bishops at,
160 sq. ; Arian controversy at, 165 ; 167;
ancient importance of church of, 171,
173 sqq. ; Maximus acclaimed Emperor
in, 239; threatened by Vandals, 310;
religious riots in, 463, 485; Patricius at,
471; rivalry with Antioch, 487 ; jealousy
of Constantinople, 488; character of
population, 489 sq. ; Origenism con-
demned by synod of, 490 ; Christian and
Pagan teachers in, 496; and Nestorianism,
497 sq. ; synod at, condemns Nestorian.
ism, 499; articles condemning Nestorius
drafted at, 501; and the Monophysite con.
troversy,503 sqq. ; and the Robber Council,
505; 511; disturbances in, 512 sq. ; the He-
noticon sent to, 516; 522 sqq. ; corn fleet
of, 552; school of, 577, 579; work of
Synod of (362), 584 ; influences Italian
art, 598; sarcophagi at, 602 ; casket of
Projecta made in, 603 ; glass-works of,
606 ; synagogue at, 609
Alexandria, Bishops of. See Alexander,
Athanasius, Cyril, Dionysius, Dioscorus,
George of Cappadocia, Gregory of Cappa-
docia, Heraclas, Peter, Proterius, Theo-
philus, Timothy
Algeria, 412
Al Harith, Taghlibi chief, makes peace with
Rome, 481
Al Hira, 464
Aligildus, Roman officer, 77
Allectus, usurper, crushed by Constantius,
377
Aller, River, 187
Allia, River, and Brennus, 576
Allobroges, Keltic tribe, 192
Al Mundhir, sheikh of Al Hira, invades
Syria, 464
Alpes Maritimae, Gothic rule in, 287
Alpheus, River, 261
Alps, crossed by Constantine I, 4; by Con-
stantine II, 58; passes garrisoned by
Magnentius, 61 ; crossed by Constantius
(Julian and Cottian), 61; 73; (Cottian)
75; 133; 186; (Carnic) 192; Germanic
tribes cross the, 193, 201; Gratian flees
to, 238; secured against Maximus, 239;
Cottian passes forced by Maximus, 242;
245; Flavianus in the (Julian), 247;
Goths reach, 252 ; barbarians cross, 265;
267; Ataulf crosses, 271; Goths reach,
284; (Julian) Huns cross, 364, 417; 367;
Marcian crosses, 423; (Graian) passes
secured by Theodoric, 452
Alsace. See Elsass
Altaians, the, Ch. xII (A) passim, 329, 331 ;
appearance and habits, 332 sqq. ; govern-
ment, 334 sq. ; persistence of customs of,
340; food, 339 8qq. ; family ties, 342;
religion, 343 sqq. ; marauding habits, 349;
military skill, 350; permanency of rule
of, 351
Altinum, Bishop of. See Peter
Altrip, Romans build fort at, 224
Alypius, friend of Augustine, 593 sq.
Alypius, minister of Julian, plans restora-
tion of the Temple at Jerusalem, 80
Amal family, 468
Amalaberga, sister of Theodoric the Great,
marries Hermanfred, 451
Amalafrida, sister of Theodoric the Great,
marries Thrasamund the Vandal, 313,
451; imprisoned, 314
Amalaric, son of Alaric II, established on
the throne of Spain, 452
Amalasuntha, mother of Athalarich, remon-
strates with Hilderic, 314; offers help to
the Romans, 315; marries Eutharic, 451;
regency of, 454 ; imprisonment, ib. ;
death, 455
Amandus, admiral of Licinius, 7 sq.
Ambrones, Teutonic tribe, 191 and note;
defeated by the Romans, 193; location
of the, 198
Ambrose, St, Bishop of Milan, 67; leads
Christian party at Rome, 115; 116 sq. ;
election of, 152 sq. ; de Officiis of, 157;
cited, 157, 180, 531, 592, 595 ; 172; in-
fluences Gratian, 237; career of, 239; as
minister to Valentinian II, ib. ; mission
to Maximus, 240; 242; and the penance
of Theodosius, 244 sq. , 257; summoned
to baptise Valentinian, 245; condemns
Eugenius, 246; 249; monastery of, 531
sq. ; 566, 571 sq. ; builds church of the
Apostles, 610
Ambrosiaster (Isaac), 151 ; Quaestiones of,
cited, 155 sqq. , 159 sqq.
Ambrosius Aurelianus, heads British resist.
ance to English invasion, 388
Amida, siege of, 72; Ardaburius at, 464;
siege of (502), 481; Romans attempt to
recapture, 482
Amida, Bishop of. See Acacius
## p. 702 (#732) ############################################
702
Index
Anglii. See Angles
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the, unreliable
chronology of, 380, 383; cited, 382,
389 sq.
Amiens, Valentinian at, 223; Vandals at,
266
Ammedera, 263
Ammianus Marcellinus, historian, 46; at
siege of Amida, 72 ; 80; 99 ; 110; cited,
71, 76, 79, 85, 97, 103, 134, 166, 173, 188,
295 sq. , 379, 581, 592, 594 sq.
Amoun, monk of Nitria, 522
Ampelius, son of Attalas, 273
Ampsivarii, tribe of Ripuarian Franks,
campaign of Arbogast against, 259; 295;
299
Amru 'l Kais, Arab, obtains island of
Jotaba, 472
Amu, River, 323 ; cattle-breedivg in the
delta of, 331
Anagast, in command in Thrace, rebels,
470
Anastasia, sister of Constantine, marriage
of, 22
Anastasis, memorial in the church of the
Holy Sepulchre, 609
Anastasius II, Bishop of Rome, 182; elec-
tion of, 449
Anastasius I, Eastern Emperor, 312; friend.
ship with Thrasamund the Vandal, 313 ;
and Theodoric, 440 sq. , 443, 445; supports
the freebooter Mundo, 451 ; death, 455,
486; accession, 467,479; marries Ariadne,
479; disturbances in reign of, 480 ; and
the Persian War, 481 sqq. ; relieves taxa-
tion in Mesopotamia, 483; administra-
tion, 484; son of, killed, ib. ; and the mob
riots, 485 ; religious position, 518
Anastasius, priest, and the Nestorian con-
troversy, 498
Anatha, inbabitants of, transported to
Chalcis, 82
Anatolius, Bishop of Constantinople, crowns
Leo I, 468; 505; Pope Leo and, 506 sq. ;
511; at the Council of Chalcedon, draws
up two creeds, 509 sq. ; appoints Maximus
of Antioch, 514
Anatolius, magister militum per Orientem,
defends eastern frontier, 466; arranges
truce with Persia, ib.
Anaa, earliest inhabitants, 329 sq.
Anchialus, Vitalianus retires to, 486
Ancyra, visited by Julian, 79; 86; 132;
Council of, 137; home of Marcellus, 139;
bishops of Asia Minor meet at, 178;
canons of the Council of, 179 sq. ; Valen.
tinian at, 218; flight of Valens to, 221;
attacked by Marcian, 476
Ancyrona, 23
Anderida. See Peven sey
Andragathius, pursues Gratian, 238; death,
243
Andrew, St, Apostle, recognised as patron
saint of Constantinople, 488
Angers, threatened by Saxons, 299
Angles (Anglii), the, early home of, 198,
382; settlements in Britain, ib. ; men-
tioned by Tacitus, 383; 384 sq.
Anglesey, Roman objects found in, 372
Angrivarii, location of the, 198
Angulus (Angel), reputed early home of
Angles, 382, 390
Anianus, minister of Gothic kings, 290
Anicetus, Bishop of Rome, 164
Anician family, 22, 397; Maximus at head
of, 420
Anicius Julianus, grandfather of Julian, 63
Anio, River, 536
Anonymus Valesii, cited, 434, 438, 440 sq. ,
447 sq. , 451 sqq.
Anselm, St, Archbishop of Canterbury, and
teaching concerning the Atonement, 587
Antalas, Moorish prince, defeats the Vandals,
314
Antenor, Trojan leader, legend of the Franks
concerning, 293
Anteros, Bishop of Rome, death of, 153
Anthemius, Emperor of the West, sends an
army against the Goths, 283, 427; acces-
sion of, 310, 395, 426, 470; his struggle
with Ricimer, 394, 427 sq. ; importance
of Senate under, 397 ; prepares expeditiou
against Gaiseric, 426; defeated and killed,
428, 474; 429 sq. , 433, 435, 443; marries
daughter of Marcian, 468
Anthemius, grandfather of the emperor, 396;
praetorian praefect, 461; administration,
461 sqq. , 467; 464; wall of, 465
Anthimus, Bishop of Tyana, 139; made
metropolitan by Valens, 168
Anthony, St, birth, 521; call, ib. ; mon.
achism founded by, 522 ; 526
Antinöe, convent at, 531
Antioch, Gallus at, 60, 62 sq. ; 76 ; recep.
tion of Julian at, 79; hostile to Julian,
81; centre of learning at, 88; 119; Coun.
cil " of the Dedication” at, 129; fourth
creed of, reissued, 130; schism at, 134 sqq. ;
Valens at, 138; 161; 165; canons of,
168, 179 sq. , 493; ancient importance
of church of, 171, 173 sqq. , 220; Valens
at, 226, 234; riot in, 241 sq. ; besieged by
Huns, 261, 456; Eudocia at, 466; Tro-
cundes sent to, 473; Illus at, 477 ;
Leontius at, 478; Anastasius proposed
for bishopric of, 479; 480 ; riots at, 485 ;
rivalry with Alexandria, 487; dissension
in church of, 490; Chrysostom at, 491;
Nestorius educated at, 495; and Nestor-
ianism, 497; Nestorius in monastery near,
502 ; sermon of Theodoret in, 504 ; 511 ;
rival bishops in, 514; trade in, 550 ;
school of, 579 ; St Peter at, 608; Con.
stantine's church at, 610
Antioch, Bishops of. See Alexander,
Babylas, Domnus, Eudoxius, Fabius,
Flavian, Flavianus, John, John Scholas-
ticus, Meletius, Paul of Samosata, Pauli.
nus, Peter the Faller, Severus, Stephen
Antiochus, eunuch in charge of Theodosius
## p. 703 (#733) ############################################
Index
703
II, 462 ; removed, ib. ; restored, 465 ;
deposed, 466
Antonines, the, 20
Antoninus Pius, T. , Emperor, 368 sq.
Wall of, see Roman Wall
Antoninus, Bishop of Ephesus, and Chry.
sostom, 491
Antoninus, Syrian officer in Roman army,
flees to Persia, 72
Antunnacum (Andernach), refortified by
Julian, 209
Anubis, Egyptian divinity, 90
Apadna, fort of, Romans routed at, 482
Apamea, sacked by Goths, 204
Apamea, Bishop of. See Conon
Apennines, Mts, Stilicho attacks Radagaisus
in, 265; 417
Aphraates, cited, 526
Apocryphal books, the, surrendered, 12
Apodemius, official of Constantius, put to
death, 78
Apollinarius, the younger, Bishop of Lao-
dicea in Syria, heresy of, 135 sqq. ;
school of, 139; transposes the Bible,
570
Apollinarius (Apollinaris) the elder, pres-
byter of Laodicea, transposes the Bible,
570
Apollo, Julian revives worship of, 107; plan
of temple of, 608
Apollonia, a centre of learning at, 88
Apollonius, merchant, his life as a monk in
Nitria, 523
Apology, the, of Justin Martyr, cited, 149
Apophthegms of the Egyptian monks, cited,
160
Apostles, canons of the, 180 sq.
Apostolic Church Order, the, 149 sq. , 178
Apostolic Constitutions, cited, 153, 161
Appion, praefect, manages commissariat in
Persian War, 482; banished, 485
Apronianus, comes rerum privatarum under
Theodoric, 442
Aptunga, Bishop of. See Felix
Apuleius, 89; the Metamorphoses of, 90
Apulia, 30; 358; fleet of Anastasius
plunders in, 451
Aquae Mattiacae, 225
Aquae Sextiae, Teutons defeated at, 193
Aquae Sulis. See Bath
Aquileia, battle of, 58; Magnentius takes
refuge at, 61; remains loyal to Con-
stantius, 76; submits to Julian, 77;
Council of, 166; besieged by Germans,
199; Justina and Valentinian II at, 242;
Maximus captured at, 243, 256 ; 247 ;
edict of Theodosius from,
257 ; Alaric at,
264, 270; taken by the Huns, 364, 417;
monastic training of Jerome and Rufinus
at, 531
Aquilis, River, Alario crosses, 268
Aquinas, Thomas, 584
Aquitaine, Visigoths in, 287 sq. , 401
Aquitania, Vandals pass through, 266
Aquitanica Prima, attacked by Eurio, 283
Aquitanica Secunda, Goths assigned land
in, 278, 401 and note ; entirely given over
to Goths, 279, 404; 286; 402
Arabia, 502
Arabs, the, defeated by Vitianus, 464 ;
make raids in Syria, 468, 472 ; aid
Persia against Rome, 481 sqq. ; join Rome,
482 sq. ; invasion of, 529; retain their
native language, 545
Aral Sea, 323 ; sand-deserts by, 327 ; 335
Araric, Gothic king, 19
Arator of Milan, translates the Acts of the
Apostles into verse, 449
Arausio (Orange), battle of, 192
Arbazacius the Armenian, general, gains
successes against Isaurians, 461; recalled,
ib.
Arbicius, Roman envoy to Persia, 231
Arbitio, general, defeated, 65; opposes
Julian, 76; conducts trial of partisans
of Constantius, 78; and Procopius, 221;
joins Theodosius at the Frigidus, 247, 259
Arbogast the Frank, 62; in command
against Goths, 237, 254; victorious over
Maximus, 243; ruler of Gaul, 243 sq. ,
256, 299; supersedes Valentinian, 245,
258; makes Eugenius emperor, 246,
258; defeated, commits suicide, 247,
259; 295 ; 393 sq.
Arbor Felix, Gratian at, 253
Arcadia, Goths driven from, 261
Arcadia, daughter of Arcadius, 462; and
Nestorius, 499, 502
Arcadiopolis, taken by Huns, 363; taken
by Theodoric, 471
Arcadius, Emperor of the East, quinquen.
nalia celebrations of, 241 ; 246 ; becomes
emperor, 260, 456; marries Eudoxia,
ib. ; recalls Stilicho, 261, 457 ; 262;
negotiates with Gaïnas, 263, 458 ; death
of, 268, 461 ; 432; refuses concessions
to Arians, 460; and the attack on Chry.
sostom, 461, 491, 493; 464, 467, 470 sq. ;
and the trade guilds, 551; land law under,
561 ; 564
Arctic Sea, 324
Ardaburius, general, father of Aspar, sent
against the Persians, 464 ; wins Western
Empire for Valentinian III, 465
Ardaburius, son of Aspar, magister militum,
fights Arab raiders, 468 ; commands in
Thrace, 470; death, 471
Ardalio, River, 263
Ardaric, King of the Gepidae, his fidelity
to Attila, 361
Ardaschir, King of Persia, death of, 238
Ardennes, Teutonic hordes reach the, 188
Areani, border militia, 223
Areobindus, magister militum per Orientem,
and the Persian War, 482; proclaimed
emperor, 485
Arevagni, daughter of Theodoric, marries
Alaric II, 451
Argaeus, Mt, 63
Argaith, Gothic leader, 203
.
## p. 704 (#734) ############################################
704
Index
Argentaria (probably Horburg near Colmar),
battle of, 210, 234, 252 sq.
Argentoratum. See Strassburg
Argolicus, official under Theodoric, 448
Argolis, the barbarians in, 205
Argos, Goths in, 261, 457
Ariadne, daughter of Leo I, marries Zeno,
470; arranges for accession of Zeno, 472;
flees to Isauria, 473; 476 ; intercedes for
Verina, 477 ; makes Anastasius emperor,
479; marries Anastasius, ib. ; dishonour
shewn to statue of, 484; death, 486
Arianism, struggle of, for supremacy, Ch. v
passim, 159 sqq. ; of the Visigoths, 291;
of the Vandals, 312 sq. , 320 sq. ; of the
Ostrogoths, 488
Arians, the, persecuted by Constantine, 5;
at Council of Nicaea, 124 sqq. , Ch. V
passim; among the Goths, 212, 214, 254 ;
in the kingdom of Toulouse, 291; in
Africa under the Vandals, 306, 319, 321 ;
the Papacy and, 432; persecution of, 452;
proscribed by Justin I, 453 sq. ; Gaïnas
demands a church in Constantinople for,
263, 460 ; chiefly barbarians, 488; 584
Ariminum. See Rimini
Arinthaeus, Count, sent to restore Pap to
Armenian throne, 225
Ariovistus, campaign of, 188 sq. , 193 sq. ;
defeated by Caesar, 195
Aristotle, 93, 98, 100, 354, 579, 581
Aristus, magister militum of Illyricum, de.
feated by Bulgarians, 483
Arius, presbyter of Alexandria, heresy of,
119 sqq. ; exiled, 123; 127; dies, 128;
129; 138; as priest at Baucalis, 159 ;
165; dogmatic position of, 487
Arles, Council of (314), 12, 13, 154, 165,
178, 567 ; (353) 131 ; canons of Council
of, 179; Constantine the usurper at, 268,
274, 401 ; besieged and taken, 274, 401 ;
attacked by Goths, 279 sqq. , 408; taken,
284; Euric dies at, ib. ; power of the bishop
of, 290 ; centre of local government at,
405; Visigoths attack, 423; Visigoths
take, 427 ; towers repaired at, 448; Ibbas
victorious near, 452 ; trade of, 548
Armatus, nephew of Basiliscus and Verina,
432; procures safety of Verina, 473;
made magister militum, ib. ; murdered,
monasticism in, 527 sq. ; early churches
in, 609
Armenia, Bishops of. See Gregory the
Illuminator, Restaces
Armenians, the, retain their native language,
545
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, defeats
Marbod, 196
Armorica, disturbances in, 267
Arnegisclus, Roman general, defeated and
slain, 363
Arras, Vandals at, 266; 297; Franks driven
from, 410
Arrian, Flavius, cited, 326
Arsaces Tiranus, King of Armenia, 82 sq. ;
death of, 225
Arsacius, Bishop of Constantinople in life-
time of Chrysostom, 494
Artabannes, Armenian renegade, assists Pap,
225; is put to death, 226
Artagherk (Artogerassa), Queen Pharrant-
sem takes refuge at, 225
Artemidorus, official under Theodoric, 448
Artemis, temple of, sacked by barbarians,
204; 501
Artogerassa. See Artagherk
Arvandus, praetorian praefect of Gaul, 397 ;
sentenced to death, 427
Aryans, 354
Arzanene, Narsai defeated at, 464; Celer's
severities in, 482
Ascalon, wine of, 548
Ascarii, in Roman army, 223
Aschaff (Ascapha), River, 186
Aschaffenburg, 186
Asdingi, Vandalic tribe, 198; invade Roman
provinces, 199, 203; receive land in
Galicia, 275, 304; 316; 278; become
Arian Christians, 320; 404; defeat
Castinus, 406
Asia, 16 sq. , 30 sq. , 55 sq. , 74 sq. , 107, 121 ;
Nicenes in, 125; Hilary of Poitiers ex-
iled to, 131; 133; 136; Arianism strong
in, 141; Timothy set over, 156; 164;
183; the Kelts in, 186; 191; Huns leave
interior of, 215; 233 sq. , 236; massacre
of Goths in, 252; Hans in, 261; 263;
devastated by Francion, 293; (West)
323 sqq. ; (Central) 325 sqq. , 392 ; early
cultivation of cereals in, 329; nomads
of, 327 sqq. ; (West) devastated by
Chinghiz Khan, 350; 351 sqq. , 460;
reduction of animal-tax in, 485; visita-
tion of Chrysostom in, 492; 493, 545 ;
products of, 548
Asia Minor, 19, 31; awarded to Constan-
tius II; philosophers of, 64; 90; 161,
164, 166; bishops of, meet at Ancyra,
178; Kelts in, 186; barbarians in, 204,
206 ; 212; Huns in, 261, 456; Gothic
rebellion in, 263; Isaurian robbers in,
461; Sciri settled in, 462; 480 ; mona-
chism in, 529; nuns in, 531; 544, 546,
549; art centres of, 598; 602; early
churches in, 609
473 sq.
)
Armenia, 6, 13, 16, 20; importance of the
“Eastern question” of, 22; passes to Con-
stantius II, 56 sq. ; Sapor demands re-
storation of, 72; abandoned by the
Romans, 85; 139; Persia lays claim to,
225; receives Roman protection, 226;
Roman army withdrawn from, 231; par-
tition of, 240; Huns in, 261; flight of
Turks to, 328; devastated by Chinghiz
Khan, 350; Illus applies for help to, 436;
458; Persian prince made king in, 463;
Romans annex part of, ib. ; 464; war
between Rome and Persia in, 466; in
Persian War, 481 sq. ; first appearance of
## p. 705 (#735) ############################################
705
Atrebates, British tribe, 373
Attacotti, tribes of Irish, pillage Britain,
223
Attalus, praefect of Rome, made emperor by
Alaric, 115, 272; deposed, 273; reinstated,
277 sq. , 403 ; his advice to Ataulf, 401
and note ; at Ataulf's wedding, 402; dis-
carded, 403
Attica, the barbarians in, 205; invaded by
Alaric, 261
Atticus, Bishop of Constantinople, restores
name of Chrysostom to the diptychs, 494
Attila, King of the Huns, 279; defeated at
Campus Mauriacus, 280, 364, 416; and
the Salian Franks, 297; results of con-
quests of, 351; Ch. XII (B) passim;
appearance, character and habits, 360;
friendship with Aëtius, 361, 407; made
magister militum, 362; makes and breaks
peace with Rome, ib. ; plot to murder,
363, 467; death, 365, 418, 420, 467;
character of rule, 365 sq. ; mission of
Pope Leo to, 365, 396 sq. , 417, 503;
results of invasion on Roman world, 398;
Huns united under, 407; 412; makes war
on Eastern Empire, 414; alleged proposal
of marriage with Honoria, 364, 415 sq. ,
421, 424; ravages North Italy, 417; re-
treats from before Rome, ib. ; Orestes
secretary to, 429, 433; 430
Attis, worship of, 107, 114
Attuarii. See Chattuarii
Audefleda, sister of Clovis, marries Theo-
doric, 451
Audians, among the Goths, 212, 214
Augst, Barbatio at, 67 sq.
Augusti, system of rule by, 27
Augustine, St (Aurelius Augustinus), Bishop
of Hippo, cited, 94, 115, 156 sq. , 180, 531,
545; De Civitate Dei of, 115, 170, 173,
575 sq. ; Epistles of, 115; 116 sq. ; ordina-
tion of, 152 sq. ; 162; helps in defence of
Hippo against the Vandals, 306; death,
ib. ; influence of, 396; and Count Boni-
face, 408; 497 ; doctrines of, 498; intro-
duces monastic life into Africa, 532;
534 sq. ; and the navicularii, 553; 555,
566; and Christian education, 570; at
Milan, 571; 577 ; influence of the philo-
sophers on, 578 sq. ; Confessions of, 579,
586; and magic, 580; and the Mani.
chaeans, 581; teaching of, 582, 585 sqq. ;
and his son, 596
Augustine, missionary to Britain, 391, 541
Augustodunum. See Autun
Augustus, C. Octavius, Emperor, 1, 11;
monopolises power, 24 sqq. , 31; improves
the coinage, 39 sq. , 45; 89; 115 ; 170;
attacks the Teutons, 195; 201; and
Britain, 368; political system of, 396;
543, 550; Lex Julia of, 551
Aurelian, Emperor, 7 sq. , 13, 21, 25, 28,
39 sq. , 140; and the Goths, 204 sqq. , 210;
295; and the food-supply of Rome, 551 ;
legislation under, 555 sg. ; 561
45
Index
Aspacures, made king of Hiberia by the
Persians, 225
Aspar, son of Ardaburius, defends Carthage,
306, 465; 309 sq. ; and Leo I, 395, 469 sq. ;
helps Boniface, 410; hinders expedition
against Vandals, 426, 468; fall of, 427;
makes truce with Yezdegerd II, 466;
obtains accession of Marcian, 467 ; makes
Leo emperor, 423, 468; demands advance-
ment for his son, 470; supported by
Goths, ib. ; death, 471; Theodoric obtains
terms for family of, 475
Assyria, 82; 88
Asyut. See Lycopolis
Ataulf, brother-in-law of Alaric, 270; joins
Alaric, 271; promoted by Attalus, 272 ;
273; elected king, 274, 399; marries
Placidia, 274, 398 sq. , 402; policy of,
277, 284; in Spain, 278; death, ib. ; 289;
negotiates with Jovinus, 401; treats with
Honorius, ib. ; occupies southern Gaul,
402 ; retreats to Spain, 403; assassinated,
ib. ; 404 sqq. , 438
Athalarich, grandson of Theodoric the Great,
policy of non-interference with the Van-
dals, 314; letter of, to Justinian, 440 ;
succeeds Theodoric, 454; death, ib.
Athanarich, judge of the Visigoths, perse-
cutes Gothic Christians, 212; makes war
on Rome, 213 and note; opposes Fritigern,
214; resists the Huns, 215; makes peace
with Valens, 221 sq. ; 231 sq. ; death, 237,
254; royal funeral, ib. ; 250, 260
Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, 14, 21;
returns to see and is again banished, 104;
cited, 111, 120; theological attitude of,
119, 487; at Council of Nicaea, 120 sq. ;
return of (346), 125 ; 126; life-work of,
127 sq. ; de Incarnatione of, 127; appeals
to Constantine, 128; is expelled from
Alexandria, ib. ; acquitted of heresy, 129;
return to Alexandria, 130, 346; 131 ;
conceals himself, 132; de Synodis of, 134;
returns to Alexandria (362), 135; again
exiled, 136; 137; death, 139; ordination,
160 sq. ; 489; said to have brought mon.
asticism to Western Europe, 531, 534;
reliability of, 571; 584; teaching of, 587
Athenais, daughter of Leontius. See Eu-
docia
Athenodorus (1), insurgent, captured and
beheaded, 480; his head shewn at Con-
stantinople, ib.
Athenodorus (2), insurgent, captured and
beheaded, 480; his head shewn at Tarsus,
ib.
Athens, Julian at, 64, 101, 116; 75; centre
of learning for Greece at, 88 sq. ; last
stronghold of paganism, 113; taken by
the Goths, 261, 457 ; 465; 595
Athos, Mount, monks of, 529
Atlantic Ocean, Saxons in, 299; limit of
ancient world, 368; 414
Atlas, Mount, 121
Atrans, defiles of, 60
C. MED. H. VOL. I.
## p. 706 (#736) ############################################
706
Index
Aurelianus, consul, opposes promotion of
foreigners, 262; extradition of, 263, 459 ;
made praefect, 459; restored, 460
Aurelianus, priest, compensated by Theo-
doric, 450
Aures Mts, 312
Ausonius, Decimus Magnus, his Mosella
cited, 379; holds high offices, 570; 594
Austoriani, invade Tripolis, 227
Austria, Rugii settled in, 420
Autun (Augustodunum), 59; Julian at, 66;
as seat of learning, 88; 175
Auvergne, Jovinus acknowledged in, 277,
401; conquered by Goths, 283,427;
ceded to Euric, 429, 433; austerities of
hermits in, 535
Auxerre, 66
Avars, the, invade Europe, 18, 328, 349,
357; flee from the Turks, 328; methods
of warfare of, 350; 359; 468
Avienus, son of Faustus, becomes consul,
445
Avitus, Emperor of the West, proclaimed
emperor, 281, 421 ; trains Theodoric II
in Roman literature, 281, 291, 421;
driven from Rome, 309, 422; death, ib. ;
opposition of the Senate to, 397, 422 ;
compulsorily made bishop, 422 ; defeated
by Ricimer, ib. ; 423
Avon, River, kingdom of Hwicce inoludes
basin of, 390
Aylesbury, taken by West Saxons, 390
Azerbaidjan, devastated by Chinghiz Khan,
350
Azov, Sea of (Lake Maeotis), 204 sq.
Baluol, tribe of Suebi, 197
Bainobaudes, tribune, dismissed, 68
Baku, Huns at, 261
Balchobaudes, tribune, treachery of, 222
Balearic Isles, infested by Vandals, 305;
ceded by treaty to the Vandals, 311;
Vandal rule in, 320
Balkan Mts (Haemus), 16; 130; barbarians
in, 204, 206, 233 sq. ; Gothic colonists in,
239; Theodoric in, 438, 474
Balkan peninsula, the, canons of the Council
of Sardica for, 149; romanised nomads
in, 356 ; language of, 546; 549
Balti, Alaric belongs to family of, 257
Baltic Sea, earliest home of the Teutons
near the, 183, 186, 198; Goths migrate
to, 202 ; early Germanic tribes settled by,
292, 384; Esthonians settled by, 452
Bamborough, chief settlement in Bernician
kingdom, 391
Banat, Taifali occupy the, 205
Barbatio, Count of the guard, 63; fails to
help Julian, 67 sq. , 209; dismisses
Valentinian, 218
Barbury Camp. See Beranburg
Barcelona, Theodosius, son of Ataulf, born
at, 278, 403
Barnabas, St, discovery of the body of, 175
Barsumas, Bishop of Nisibis, at the Robber
Council, 505 ; pupil of Ibas, 514; works
against Monophysites, 515; made bishop,
519
Barzimeres, tribune, defeated at Dibaltus,
216
Basentus, River. See Busento
Basel, Constantius at, 65; 67 ; Julian at,
74 sq. ; 229
Basil, St, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia,
116; overawes Valens, 138; character of,
139; province of, reduced by Valens, 168,
592 ; Canons of, 181; and Greek mona-
chism, 527 sq. ; his monastic system
described, 528 sqq. , 595; his Rule trans-
lated by Rufinus, 535; 538; education,
570; Platonism of, 578; cited, 582, 584
Basilina, mother of Julian, 22, 63
Basiliscus, brother of the Empress Verina,
mismanages expedition against the Van-
dals, 310 sq. , 315, 426, 470; revolt of,
429, 432, 437; commands in Thrace, 470;
Emperor, 435, 473, 515; flight and death,
473; 513; and the Monophysites, 515;
Encyclical of, ib.
Basiliscus (great-nephew of above), son of
Armatus, to be made Caesar, 473; bishop
of Cyzicus, 474
Basilius, praetorian praefect and patrician,
and the papal election, 436
Basina, Queen of the Thuringians, marries
Childerio, 298
Basinus, King of the Thuringians, 298
Basques, the, speech of, 546
Bassianus, brother-in-law of Constantine,
6 sq. , 15, 22
Bastarnae, Teutonic tribe, early settlements
Baal, priests of, court clergy compared to,
493
Babylas, St, Bishop of Antioch, bis bones
removed by Julian, 81
Babylon, King of. See Hammurabi
Bacchus, Julian revives worship of, 107 ;
117
Bactria, climate of, 326
Bacurius, leader of the Goths, slain, 247;
259
Baden, early inhabitants of, 294
Badonicus, Mons, siege of, 388
Baetica, Silingi settled in, 275, 304; Goths
hold, 287; Asdingian Vandals retreat to,
305; recovered for Rome by Wallia, 404;
406, 409; conquered by Rechiar, 413
Baetusii, Teutonic tribe, 188
Bagaudae, insurrection of, suppressed by
Maximian, 207; hold the Western Alps,
267; in Spain, 281, 421; social war of,
411; 415
Bagavan (Vagobanta), Romans victorious
at, 226
Bagradas, River, 263
Bahram (Warahran) IV, King of Persia,
240 note
Bahram (Warahran) V, King of Persia,
persecutes Christians, 464 ; at war with
Rome, ib.
## p. 707 (#737) ############################################
Index
707
of, 185, 198; and Philip of Macedon, 190;
attack Romans, 203, 205 ; defeated by
Goths, 206; under Attila, 361
Batavi, the land of, 70; troops summoned
from Gaul, 72 ; sent to Britain, 223;
tribes do homage to Honorius, 260
Bath (Aquae Sulis), founded, 371 ; Roman
roads through, 376; perishes in English
invasion, 381 ; taken by West Saxons,
390
Bativi, 196
Batnae, 81, 482
Battersea, 614
Baucalis, part of Alexandria, Arius as parish
priest of, 159
Bauto, Roman officer, sent against Goths,
237, 253 ; secures Alpine passes against
Maximus, 239 sqq. ; his daughter marries
Arcadius, 260, 456
Bavaria, 353 note
Bavay, 297
Bazas, Ataulf fails to take, 403
Bedcanford (perhaps Bedford), fight between
West Saxons and Britons at, 390
Bedculphas, Gothic representative of Theo-
doric at Roman Synod, 450
Bede, the Venerable, Ecclesiastical History
of, cited, 382 sq. , 387, 389 sqq.
Bedford, 390
Bedfordshire, 389
Bedouins, abstemiousness of the, 341
Behnésa in Egypt, glass relic found at, 606,
612
Belgae, British tribe, 373
Belgica, Julian's rule in, 70; Aduatuci in,
193; invaded by Huns, 280 ; (Prima)
attacked by Burgundians, 411
Belgium, Kelts in, 186
Belgrade (Singidunum), taken by Huns,
363; 364; recovered by Theodoric, 471
Belias (Belecha), the, 82
Belisarius, 1; expedition against the Van.
dals, 315, 413; invasion of Italy, 571
Benedict, St, imitates monastic rule of
Pachomius, 525; adopts monastic prin.
ciples of Basil, 528; 533; prevalence of
Rule of, 534 sq. ; early years, 536 ; at
Monte Cassino, 537; death, ib. ; details
of his Rule, 537 sqq.
Bensington, taken by West Saxons, 390
Beowulf, scene laid in Denmark and Sweden,
386
Beranburg (Barbury Camp near Swindon),
battle of, 389
Berhta (Bertha), marries Aetbelberht of
Kent, 391
Berlin Museum, relic from the catacombs
at, 601 sq. ; ivories at, 604
Bernicia, kingdom of, 389 sq. ; early history
of, 391
Beroë (Augusta Traiana), Romans defeated
at, 204
Beroea, Licinius at, 7; Julian at, 110;
Saturninus at, 233; Goths at, 234
Berytus, linen trade of, 548
Besançon, Julian at, 74
Bessarabia, 357
Beth Abhe, Nestorian monastery, 527
Bethlehem, St Jerome at, 399, 574; church
built at, 609 sq.
Beyrout, 88; Law School at, 89
Bezabde, fortress on the Tigris, captured by
Persians, 74
Bicester, 376
Bilimer, brings troops to help of Anthemius,
428; defeated, ib.
Bineses, a Persian noble, occupies Nisibis, 85
Bingen (Bingium), refortified by Julian, 70,
209
Birmingham, modern site on Roman road,
376
Birnbaum Forest, route of Alaric by the,
264
Bithynia, 13, 60, 120; coast of, ravaged,
204; 213, 220; Valens in, 220; won for
Procopius, 221; 477; family of Longinus
in, 480; reduction of animal-tax in, 485
Black Forest, the, 75
Black Sea, the (Euxine), 16 sq. ; Kelts on,
186; Teutons on, 190; Goths on, 202 sqq. ;
206, 214; Trojans cross, 293; Akatziri on
north coast of, 361
Bleda, brother of Attila, 360; murdered,
414
Blemmyes, raids of, 468, 480; capture
Nestorius, 502
Blessings of Christ, the, poem by Rusticus
Helpidius, 449
Boadicea. See Boudicca
Bodleian Collection, ivory in, 605
Böhmer-Wald, the, 195 sqq.
Boeotia, barbarian hordes in, 205; invaded
by Alaric, 261, 457
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus,
executed, 444; writings of, 448 sq. , 584,
586; de Trinitate and de Consolatione of,
453; imprisoned, and put to death, ib. ,
569; Neoplatonism of, 579
Bohemia, 185; Germanic peoples reach,
192; Marcomanni in, 189, 195 sq. ; Boii
in, 197
Bohuslän in Sweden, rock. carvings in, 387
Boii, drive back the Teutons, 192; leave
Bohemia, 195; 196 sq.
Bokhara, slave-markets of, 348 ; corrupt
administration of, 352
Bolgaro, Bolgheri, names shewing Bulgarian
occupation, 358
Bologna, Honorius at, 268; Stilicho at,
269; 273
Bolsena, Lake of, Amalasuntha imprisoned
on island in, 454 sq.
Bon, Cape (Promontorium Mercurii), fleet
of Basiliscus destroyed under, 311
Bona. See Hippo Regius
Boniface, St, missionary to Germany,
541 sq.
Boniface I, Bishop of Rome, election of,
155; 180
Boniface, Count of Africa, disputes with the
45-2
## p. 708 (#738) ############################################
708
Index
208;
Imperial Government, 305; holds Mar.
seilles against Ataulf, 402; rivalry with
Castinus, 406; Aight to Africa, ib. ;
opposes John and Aëtius, 407; made
count, 408; rebels, ib. ; makes treaty
with Roman Government, 409; defeated
by Vandals, 409 sq. ; recalled, 410;
struggle with Aëtius, ib. ; death, ib. ; 418
Boniface, priest, legate of Pope Léo at
Council of Chalcedon, 508
Bonifacius, navicularius, and Augustine,
553
Bonifacius. See Boniface
Bonn (Bonna), refortified by Julian, 209;
a principal city of the Ripuarian Franks,
300
Bononia (on the Danube), Julian at, 75
Bononia (Gaul). See Boulogne
Book of the Governors, of Thomas of Marga,
account of Nestorian monastery, 527
Borani, in Black Sea region, 203 sq.
Bordeaux, 88, 174; Vandals at, 266; taken
by Ataulf, 277, 401; Euric at, 286;
Lampridius at, 292; burnt, 403; head-
quarters of Visigoths, 403, 411; 609
Borgstedterfeld, cemetery at, 385
Borgundarholmr, 185
Bosnia, Roumanians in, 356
Bosphorus, 3, 13, 16 sqq. , 141; Heruli on
the, 205; Goths on the, 252; 493
Bostra or Bosra, Julian's letter to people of,
80; dissension in church of, 490
Botherich, captain of the garrison at
Thessalonica, murdered by the populace,
244, 257
Boudicca (Boadicea), revolt of, 371
Boulogne (Gessoriacum or Bononia), 3, 58 ;
Theodosius sails from, 223; early connec-
tion with Britain, 370, 377
Bourges, Bretons in, 283
Brabant, Keltic names in, 186; 297
Braga, Bishops of. See Fructuosus, Martin
Bregetio, Valentinian at, 229; Valentinian
II elected at, 231, 242
Bremen, 186
Brenner Pass, Alario in the, 265
Brennus, and the battle of the Allia, 576
Brescia coffer, sculptures of, 604
Bretons, attacked in Bourges by Euric, 283;
in north-west Gaul, 413
Breviarium Alaricianum. See Lex Romana
Breviatio Canonum, of Ferrandus of Car-
thage, 181
Brigantes, British tribe, 373
Brighthampton in Oxfordshire, archaeo-
logical discoveries at, 388
Brisigavi, tribe of the Alemanni, 200
Britain, 2; under Constantine, 3; sends
bishops to Council of Arles, 12; not
represented at Council of Nicaea, 13; 31;
awarded to Constantine II, 56; passes to
Constans, 58; supplies corn for Roman
army, 69 sq. ; 88; worship of Isis in, 90;
Kelts in, 186, 368; Carausius in, 207;
coast defence of, 208; Valentinian in,
218; Theodosius in, 223 sq. ; misgovern.
ment in, 227 ; 228; Maximus proclaimed
emperor in, 238, 255; Constantine pro-
claimed emperor in, 267; rising of Kelts
in, ib. ; Romans in, Ch. XIII (a) passim;
geological formation, 367; Julius Caesar
in, 368; Agricola in, ib. ; Romanisation
of, 368 sqq. ; use of Latin language in,
375; Roman roads in, 376; communica-
tion with the Continent, 377; exports
corn, 379; Rome ceases to govern, ib. ,
413; English invasion of, 380 sqq. ; 393;
452; early glass found in, 607; early
Christian art in, 613 sq.
British Museum, specimens of early Chris-
tian art at, 601 sqq. , 612
Britolages, 190
Britons, 370; adopt Latin language and
dress, 371; roads of, 376; left without
Roman help, 379; resist the English, 380,
383, 388; retire to the hills, 381; 385 ;
problematic fate of, 387; battles of,
against English, 388 sq. ; massacre of, at
Chester, 391
Brittany, pre-Roman customs of, 546
Bronze Age, Teutons in the, 183 sqq.
Bructeri, tribe of Ripuarian Franks, 3;
location of the, 198; under Constantine,
terrorised by Arbogast, 246, 259;
295, 299; under Attila, 361
Brumath, taken by the Alemanni, 66; 68
Brytae, festival of the, riots at, 484; abo-
lished, ib.
Bucinobantes, tribe of the Alemanni, 200
Buckinghamshire, Roman villas in, 375;
and the West Saxons, 390
Bujuk-Derbent, Pass of, army of Fritigern
in, 234
Bukovina, 357
Bulgarians (Bulgars), the, 18 ; invasion of
Europe by, 349; 357; invade Italy, 358;
359; appear beyond Danube, 472; oppose
Theodoric, 477 sq. ; raid Thrace and
Illyricum, 483; support Vitalianus, 485 sq.
Burgiones, location of the, 198
Burgundians (Burgundi, Burgundii, Bur-
gundiones), location of, 185, 198; Maxi.
mian's campaign against, 207; Valentinian
negotiates with, 224; 266 sq. ; in army of
Jovinus, 275, 401; 281; disturbances
among, 282; defeated by Goths, 284;
allied with Franks, 286; 307; acknow.
ledge Majorian, 309; under Attila, 361;
in Waldhere, 386; invasion of Gaul by,
400 sq. ; defeated, 411; remnant settle in
Savoy, 411, 413; in Liguria, 439, 445; at
war with Franks, 452
Burgundiones. See Burgundians
Burgundy, Chattuarii probably settled in,
295
Buri, Teutonic tribe, location of the, 195,
198; invade Roman provinces, 199
Busento (Basentus), River, burial-place of
Alaric, 274, 399
Byblus, linen trade of, 548 sq.
## p. 709 (#739) ############################################
Index
709
Cambrian Annals, the, cited, 388
Cambridge, Roman road through, 376
Campania, 358, 434
Campi Raudii, Cimbri defeated on, 193
Campus Martii, scene of murder of Valen.
tinian III, 419
Campus Vocladensis. See Vouglé
Camulodunum. See Colchester
Candidianus, count, imperial emissary at
the Council of Ephesus, 500 sq.
Candidianus, general, supports Valen.
tinian III, 465
Cannae, battle of Hadrianople compared to,
217; 576
Canon Law, 176; development of, 178
182; Isidorian collection of, 179; see
Damasus
Canones of Eusebius, 583
Canopus, monastery at, 524
Cantabrian Mountains, Asdingians force the
Sueves into, 305
Canterbury (Durovernum Cantiacorum),
Romano-British town, 373; Roman road
through, 376; perishes in English invasion,
381
Canterbury, province of, 175
Cantii, British tribe, 373
Capella, Martianus, The Nuptials of Mercury
and Philology of, 572
Capitol, the, 16
Capitula, of Martin of Braga, 181
Cappadocia, 29, 43, 63, 99, 110, 136;
strongly Arian, 138; rule of St Basil in,
138 sq. ; 146; divided by Valens, 168,
592; 212; Basiliscus and his family be-
headed in, 473; fur trade of, 548
Capua, Goths at, 273
Caracalla, Emperor, 17, 26, 40, 120; drives
9
Byzacena, assigned to Vandals, 307, 413;
Moors defeat Vandals in, 314; 316
Byzantium, captured by Maximin, 6;
Licinius at, 8; position of, 16 sqq. ; at-
tacked by Heruli, 205; 206; 309 sqq. ;
Magyars reach, 356; 412; 441; 487; 491.
See Constantinople, Empire (the Eastern)
Cabillona. See Chalon-sur-Saône
Cabiri, temple of the, 608
Cabyle, Fritigern at, 216, 234
Cadiz, 88
Caecilian, Bishop of Carthage, 12, 149, 165
Caepio, Q. Servilius, proconsul, defeated,
192
Caerleon on Usk (Isca Silurum), Roman
fortress at, 369
Caeroesi, Teutonic tribe, 188
Caerwent (Venta Silurum), founded, 371 ;
headquarters of Silures, 372; 373; re-
sults of excavations at, 374 sq.
Caesar, Julius, 25; and the Eburones, 188;
cited, 188 sqq. ; in Gaul, 194, 197, 368;
in Britain, 368; 371; 410
Caesarea (Mazaca), in Cappadocia, rule of
St Basil in, 139; 231 ; Paulinus beheaded
at, 466; Marcian at, 476
Caesarea in Cappadocia, Bishops of. See
Basil, Thalassius
Caesarea in Palestine, Constantius at, 74;
Arius retires to, 119; ecclesiastical im-
portance of, 175; Creed of, 177 ; taken
by Justasa, 474 ; trade in purple fabrics
of, 548; church built at, 611
Caesarea in Palestine, Bishops of. See
Acacius, Eusebius
Caesarium, church, murder of Hypatia in,
463 ; consecration of Timothy Aelurus
in, 513
Caesarius, magister officiorum, envoy of
Theodosius to Antioch, 241 sq. ; made
praefect, 459; tries to save the Goths,
460 ; deposed and imprisoned, ib.
Caesarius, brother of Gregory of Nazianzus,
education of, 570
Caesarius of Arles, rules of, for monks and
back the Alemanni, 200
Caracalla, Baths of, 612
Caraces, Teutonic tribe, 188
Carausius the Menapian, acknowledged em.
peror in Britain, 2, 207, 377; murdered,
377; sent against Saxon pirates, 378
Carbo, Cn. Papirius, consul, opposes ad.
vance of the Teutons, 192
Carbonarian Forest (Silva Carbonaria),
Roman victory in, 243, 256
Cardala, 478
Cardiff, site of Roman fort, 370
Carietto, magister militum, 244, 256
Carinus, general, gives up Odessus to Vita-
lianus, 485
Carlisle, Roman Wall and road near, 377
Carmarthen, Roman road at, 377
Carnarvon, Roman road at, 377
Carnuntum, Valentinian at, 229
Carpathian Mts, 185, 190, 198, 356
Carpi, tribe in Dacia, 203 ; raids of, 239
Carpilio, son of Aëtius, sent as hostage to
Attila, 362, 415
Carpini, Plano, cited, 341 sq. , 350, 359
Carrhae, plundered by Arabs, 481 ; Persians
fail to take, 482
Carthage, centre of learning for North
nuns, 535
Caesars, system of rule by, 27
Caesena, Liberius holds, 443
Caister by Norwich (Venta Icenorum),
Romano-British town, 373; Roman road
through, 376
Calabria, attacked by Vandals, 412 ; plun.
dered by fleet of Anastasius, 451
Calaris, Bishop of. See Lucifer
Caledonia, 3
Caligula, Emperor, and Britain, 368
Caliphate of Cordova, the, 409
Calleva Atrebatum. See Silchester
Callinicum (Callinicus) (Ar-Rakka), Julian
reaches, 82; punishment of monks at,
249; skirmish at, 482
Calocerus, pretender, 19
Cambrai, taken by Clodion, 297; Ragnachar
reigns at, 299
## p. 710 (#740) ############################################
710
Index
389 sq.
Africa, 88; development of church or-
ganisation at, 150; prominence of church
of, 172 ; controversy with Roman church,
179; Council of (390), 182 ; execution of
Theodosius at, 228; taken by Vandals,
306, 412, 465; centre of the Vandal power
in Africa, 307, 316 ; long vacant see filled
(455), 308; see filled (481), 312; catholic
clergy expelled from, 320; title of Patri.
arch borne by bishop of, 321 ; death of
Heraclian at, 402; Romans attempt to
retake, 310, 426; Council of (426), 498;
ascetic life early practised in, 531
Carthage, Bishops of. See Caecilian, Cy.
prian, Deogratias, Mensurius
Carthagena, principal town of the Alani in
Spain, 304; taken from the Romans, 305;
Majorian at, 309
Carthaginensis (Carthagena, province),
Alani settled in, 275, 304 ; Goths hold,
287; conquered by Sueves, 413
Carus, M. Aurelius, Emperor, 6
Caspari, Anecdota of, 115
Caspian Sea, 215, 261, 323, 326, 328, 466
Cassian (Joannes Cassianus), his life in
Nitria, 522 ; Collations of, 525; St Bene-
dict and, 528; at Marseilles, 534; writ-
ings of, 535, 538; and Pelagius, 586
Cassianus, commander in Mesopotamia,
71
Cassianus Postumus, Roman general,
201 sq.
Cassiodorus, Magnus Aurelius, cited, 432,
434, 437, 441 sq. , 444 sqq. ; and monastic
studies, 538; and the study of Christian
literature, 570
Castellum Verruca, fortifications repaired
at, 448
Castinus, Roman general, defeated by Van.
dals in Spain, 305, 406; rivalry with
Boniface, 406; made magister militum,
ib. ; supports John, usurping emperor,
407; exiled, 408
Castor and Pollux, Julian revives worship
of, 107; games in honour of, 114
Castra Herculis (Heraclea), fortified by
Julian, 70
Casvalda, leader of the Suebi, 197
Catacomb of St Hermes, 599
Catacomb of Priscilla, Capella Graeca in,
599
Cathirius, Bishop of the Crimean Bosporus,
13
Catterick Bridge, at junction of Roman
roads, 377
Catulus, Quintus Lutatius, and the Cimbri,
193
Cauca, in Spain, birthplace of Theodosius I,
140
Caucasia, devastated by Chinghiz Khan,
350
Caucasian Gates, arrangements for defence
of, 466, 469, 481
Caucasus, Mts, 16, 242; Huns cross, 261,
363, 469
Ceadwalla, ravages the Isle of Wight, 389
Cearl, King of Mercia, 390
Ceawlin, King of Wessex, victories of,
Celer, magister officiorum, defeats Persians,
482 ; negotiates peace, 483; tries to ap-
pease the mob, 485
Celestine I, Bishop of Rome, decretal letters
of, 182; and the Nestorian controversy,
497, 499; represented at Council of
Ephesus, 500
Cellia, desert covered with hermits' cells,
522
Celsus, friend of Lucian, 105
Celtiberi, oppose advance of the Cimbri, 192
Celts. See Kelts
Cerdio, reputed founder of the kingdom of
Wessex, 382 sq. , 389
Ceres, worship of, 93; 117
Cevennes Mts, 367, 372
Chaivones, driven out of Gaul, 207
Chalcedon, 17; court of justice sits at, 78;
132; canons of, 169 sq. , 510 sq. ; work
of Council of, 175 sqq. , 180; sacked by
Goths, 204; besieged by Valens, 221 ;
417 sq. ; 507 sqq. ; Eutropius tried and
beheaded at, 459; meeting of Arcadius
and Gaïnas at, ib. ; Basiliscus abrogates
decree of, 473 ; 476 ; synod at, condemns
Chrysostom, 493 ; Nestorius approves de-
cisions of Council of, 503; organisation
and procedure of Council of, 508; objec-
tions to Canon XXVIII, 510 sq. ; results of
Council, 512 sq. ; decrees of Council, pro-
mulgated in Antioch, 514; 515; support
given to decisions of Council, 516;
517; authority again recognised, 518;
529
Chalcedon, Bishop of. See Maris
Chalcedonians, the, side with Illus, 478
dislike Anastasius, 480
Chalcis in Syria, 82; inhabitants refuse to
acknowledge Leontius, 478
Chalon-sur-Saône (Cabillona), Alemanni
successful at, 222
Châlons-sur-Marne, defeat of the Alemanni
at, 209, 222
Chamavi, location of, 69, 198, 295; known
as Franks, 201; prisoners settled in Gaul,
208; defeated by Julian, 209; terrorised
by Arbogast, 246, 259
Chararic, chief of the Salian Franks, 299
Charcha, 85
Chariberht, Frankish prince, 391
Charietto, Roman officer, slain by Alemanni,
222
Charini, early settlements of, 185
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), 1, 182,
431, 541
Charles Martel, 48
Charpeigne (Scarponna), barbarians de.
feated at, 222
Charrae, 72; Julian halts at, 81
Chatagais, the, 334
Chateauroux, 283
## p. 711 (#741) ############################################
711
Constantine's favours to, 7; hypocrisy of
denounced, 11; Julian's treatment of,
78 sqq. , 102 sqq. , 134; excluded from
education, 103 ; spared by the Vandals,
308
Chronographia of Eusebius, 583
Chrysanthius, philosopher, 64
Chrysaphius, court eunuch, attempts murder
of Attila, 363, 467; influence at Court,
466; misrule of, 467; put to death, ib. ;
and the Patriarch Flavian, 504; and
Eutyches, 505 ; degraded, 506
Chrysopolis, battle of, 8, 10, 19
Chrysostom, St John, Bishop of Constanti.
nople, cited, 19; taught by Libanius, 116,
570; 174; 179; homilies of, 241; shields
Eutropius, 459; opposes any concessions
to Arians, 263; 460; condemns Eudoxia,
461, 493; deposed, recalled, expelled,
461, 493; controversy connected with,
488 sqq. ; character, 491; his visitation of
Asia, 492; death, 494; 495; and the
stage, 593
Chu, River, 323
Church, The, (i) Relations with the State:
from Nero to Constantine, 4, 6, 9; as
established at Nicaea, 141; under the
later Empire, 565 sqq. , 591 sq. ; under
the Visigoths, 290; under Theodoric,
449 sqq.
(ii) Organisation of: 9, 96 ; development
of, Ch. vi; diaconate, 148 sqq. , 154 sq. ;
dioceses, 168 sqq. ; Episcopate, 145 sqq. ,
election to, 152 sq. , equality in, 167,
metropolitan, 168 sq. , primacy, 169–75;
councils, see Councils ; presbytery, 147 sq. ,
155 sqq. , 160 sq. ; sacerdotium, 157 sq.
