BARBULA, son of of the leading
principles
of his theology see
No.
No.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
1084.
(A.
G.
)
11, xri. 11, xvii. 6, xviii. 3; Liban. Orat. x. BARBUCALLUS, JOANNES ('Iwdvins Bap-
p. 273. )
bourárdos), the author of eleven epigrams in the
M. BARBA'TIUS, a friend of J. Caesar, and Greek Anthology. From internal evidence his
afterwards quaestor of Antony in B. C. 40. (Cic. date is fixed by Jacobs about A. D. 55). The
Phil. xiii. 2; Appian, B. C. v. 31. ) His name Scholiast derives his name from Barbucale, a city
occurs on a coin of Antony: the obverse of which of Spain within the Ebro mentioned by Polybius
is M. ANT. IMP. Avg. IIIvir. R. P. C. , M. BAR- and Stephanus. The name of the city as actually
BAT. Q. P. , where there can be little doubt that given by Polybius (iii. 14), Stephanus Byzantinus
M. BARBAT. signifies M. Barbatius, and not Bar- (s. v. ), and Livy (xxi. 5), is Arbucale ('Apbouxáan)
batus, as Ursinus and others have conjectured, or Arbocala, probably the modern Albucella. (P. S. )
who make it a surname of the Valeria gens. The BARBULA, the name of a family of the patri-
letters Q. P. probably signify Quaestor Propraetore. cian Aemilia gens.
(Comp. Eckhel, v. p. 334. )
1. Q. AEMILIUS Q. P. L. N. BARBULA, consul
This M. Barbatius appears to be the same as the in B. c. 317, in which year a treaty was made with
Barbarius Philippus mentioned by Ulpian (Dig. 1. the Apulian Teates, Nerulum taken by Barbula,
tit. 14. s. 3), where Barbarius is only a false read and Apulia entirely subdued. (Liv. ix. 20, 21;
ing for Barbatius, and also the same as the Bar- Diod. xix. 17. ) Barbula was consul again in 311,
bius Philippicus, spoken of by Suidas. (s. v. ) We and had the conduct of the war against the Etrus-
learn from Ulpian and Suidas that M. Barbatius cans, with whom he fought an indecisive battle
was a runaway slave, who ingratiated himself according to Livy. (ix. 30—32 ; Diod. xx. 3. )
into the favour of Antony, and through his in- The Fasti, however, assign him a triumph over the
fluence obtained the praetorship under the trium- Etruscans, but this Niebuhr (Rom. Hist. iii. p.
virs. While discharging the duties of his office in 278) thinks to have been an invention of the
the forum he was recognized, we are told, by his family, more especially as the next campaign
old master, but privately purchased his freedom by against the Etruscans was not opened as if the Ro-
a large sum of money. (Comp. Garaton. ad Cic. mans had been previously conquerors.
Phil. xii. 2. )
2. L. AEMILIUS Q. F. Q. N. BARBULA, son of
BARBA'TUS, the name of a family of the No. 1, was consul in B. C. 281. The Tarentines
Horatia gens. Barbatus was also a surname of P. had rejected with the vilest insult the terms of
Cornelius Scipio, consul in B. C. 328 (Scipio), of peace which had been offered by Postumius, the
the Quinctii Capitolini (CAPITOLINUS), and of M. Roman ambassador; but as the republic had both
Valerius Messalla, consul in B. c. 12. (MESSALLA. ] the Etruscans and Samnites to contend with, it
1. M. HORATIUS M. F. M. N. BARBATUS, was was unwilling to come to a rupture with the Ta-
one of the most violent opponents of the second rentines, and accordingly sent the consu Barbula
decemvirs, when they resolved to continue their towards Tarentum with instructions to offer the
power beyond their year of office. In the tumult same terms of peace as Postumius had, but if they
which followed the death of Virginia, Valerius were again rejected to make war against the city.
Poplicola and Horatius Barbatus put themselves The Tarentines, however, adhered to their former
at ihe head of the popular movement ; and when resolution ; but as they were unable to defend
the plebeians seceded to the Sacred Hill, Valerius themselves against the Romans, they invited
and Horatius were sent to them by the senate, as Pyrrhus to their assistance. As soon as Barbula
the only acceptable deputies, to negotiate the terms became acquainted with their determination, he
of peace. The right of appeal and the tribunes prosecuted the war with the utmost vigour, beat
at the
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## p. 462 (#482) ############################################
462
BARBULA.
BARDESANES.
the Tarentines in the open field, and took several BARCA, the surname of the great Iamilcnr,
of their towns. Alarmed at his progress, and the father of Ilanibal. [HAMILCAK. ) It is pro-
trusting to his clemency, as he had treated the bably the same as the Hebrew Barak, which sig-
prisoners kindly and dismissed some without ran- nifies lightning. Niebuhr (Rom. Ilist. iii. p. 609)
som, the Tarentines appointed Agis, a friend of says, that Barca must not be regarded as the name
the Romans, general with unlimited powers. But of a house, but merely as a surname of Hamilcar :
the arrival of Cineas, the chief minister of Pyrrhus, but, however this may be, we find that the family
almost immediately afterwards, caused this ap- to which he belonged was distinguished subse-
pointment to be annulled ; and as soon as Milo quently as the “ Bircine family," and the war and
landed with part of the king's forces, he marched democratical party as the “ Barcine party. ” (Liv.
against Barbula and attacked the army as it was xxi. 2, 9, xxiii. 13, xxviii. 12, xxx. 7, 42. )
passing along a narrow road by the sea-coast. By BARDANES. (ArsacES XXI. , p. 358. ]
the side of the road were precipitous mountains, BARDESANES, a Syrian writer, whose his
and the Tarentine fleet lay at anchor ready to tory is involved in partial obscurity, owing to the
discharge missiles at the Roman army as it march- perplexed and somewhat contradictory notices of
ed by: The army would probably have been him that are furnished by ancient authorities.
destroyed, had not Barbula covered his troops by He was born at Edessa in Mesopotamia, and
placing the Tarentine prisoners in such a manner flourished in the latter half of the second century,
that they would have become the first object of and perhaps in the beginning of the third. The
the enemy's artillery. Barbula thus led his army Edessene Chronicle (Assemani, Bibl. Oricnt. i.
by in safety, as the Tarentines would not injure 389) fixes the year of his birth to a. D. 154; and
their own countrymen.
Epiphanius (Haer. 56) mentions, that he lived in
Barbula continued in southern Italy after the farour with Abgar Bar Manu, who reigned at
expiration of his consulship as proconsul. He Edessa from A. D. 152 to A. D. 187. It is difficult
gained victories over the Samnites and Sallentines, to decide whether he was originally educated in
as we learn from the Fasti, which record his tri- the principles of the famous Gnostic teacher Valen-
umph over these people, as well as over the tinus (as Eusebius seems to intimate), or whether
Etruscans, in Quinctilis of 280. (Zonar. viii. 2; (as Epiphanius implies) he was brought up in the
Oros. iv. 1; Appian, Samn. p. 58, &c. , ed. Schw. ; Christian faith and afterwards embraced the
Dionys. Exc. p. 2342, &c. , ed. Reiske ; Frontin. Valentinian heresy. It is clear, however, that he
Strai. i. 4. & 1, where Aemilius Paullus is a mis- eventually abandoned the doctrines of Valentinus
take. )
and founded a school of his own. For an account
3. M. Aemilius L. f. Q. N.
BARBULA, son of of the leading principles of his theology see
No. 2, was consul in B. c. 230, and had in con- Mosheim, de Rebus Christian, ante Constantinum
junction with his colleague the conduct of the war 11. pp. 395-397, or C. W. F. Walch's Ketzer-
against the Ligurians. (Zonar. viii. 19. ) Zonaras historie, vol. i. pp. 415—422.
says (l. c. ), that when the Carthaginians heard of Bardesanes wrote much against various sects of
the Ligurian war, they resolved to march against heretics, especially against the school of Marcion.
Rome, but that they relinquished their design His talents are reported to have been of an elerated
when the consuls came into their country, and re order, and Jerome, referring to those of his works
ceived the Romans as friends. This is evidently which had been translated out of Syriac into Greek,
a blunder, and must in all probability be referred observes, " Si autem tanta vis est et fulgor in inter-
to the Gauls, who, as we learn from Polybius (ii. pretatione, quantam putamus in sermone proprio. "
21), were in a state of great ferment about this He elsewhere mentions that the writings of Bar-
time owing to the lex Flaminia, which had been desanes were held in high repute among the
passed about two years previously, B. C. 232, for philosophers. Eusebius, in his Praeparatio Evan-
the division of the Picentian land.
gelica (vi
. 10), has preserved a fragment of the
4. BARBULA purchased Marcus, the legate of dialogue on Fate by this writer, and it undoubtedly
Brutus, who had been proscribed by the triumvirs displays abilities of no ordinary stamp. This frag-
in B. C. 43, and who pretended that he was a slave in ment is published by Grabe, in his Spicilegium SS.
order to escape death. Barbula took Marcus with Patrum, vol. i. pp. 289-299 ; and by Orelli, in the
him to Rome, where he was recognized at the city collection entitled Alexandri, Ammonii, Plotini, Bar-
gates by one of Barbula's friends. Barbula, by means desanis, &c. , de Fato, quae supersunt, Turici, 1824.
of Agrippa, obtained the pardon of Marcus from Grabe there shews that the writer of the Recog
Octavianus. Marcus afterwards became one of the nitiones, falsely ascribed to Clemens Romanus, has
friends of Octavianus, and commanded part of his committed plagiarism by wholesale upon Bardesanes
forces at the battle of Actium, B. c. 31. Here he had it appears from this fragment that the charge of
an opportunity of returning the kindness of his for- fatalism, preferred against Bardesanes by Augus-
mer master. Barbula had served under Antony, and tin, is entirely groundless. It is acutely conjec-
after the defeat of the latter fell into the hands of the tured by Colberg (de Orig. et Progress. Haeres. p.
conquerors. He, too, pretended to be a slave, and | 140), that Augustin knew this work of Bardesanes
was purchased by Marcus, who procured his par- only by its title, and hastily concluded that it
don from Augustus, and both of them subsequently contained a defence of fatalism. Eusebius says that
obtained the consulship at the same time. Such this work was inscribed to Antoninus, and Jerome
is the statement of Appian (B. C. iv. 49), who does declares that this was the emperor Marcus Aure-
not give us either the gentile or family name of lius; but it was most probably Antoninus Verus,
Marcus, nor does he tell us whether Barbula be- who, in his expedition against the Parthians, was
longed to the Aemilia gens. The Fasti do not at Edessa in the year 165.
contain any consul of the name of Barbula, but he Eusebius mentions that Bardesanes wrote several
and his friends may have been consuls suffecti, the works concerning the persecution of the Christians.
names of all of whom are not preserved.
The majority of the learned suppose that this was
## p. 463 (#483) ############################################
BARDYLIS.
463
BARNABAS.
Lis,
bis
TE
.
the persecution under Marcus Antoninus. We | Plut. Pelop. 26 ; Just. vii. 5. ) The incursions of
learn from Ephrem the Syrian that Bardesanes com- Bardylis into Macedonia we find continued in the
posed, in his native tongue, no fewer than one hun reign of Perdiccas III. , who fell in a battle against
dred and fifty Psalms elegantly versified. On this him in B. c. 360. (Diod. xvi. 2. ) When Philip,
subject see Hahn, Burdesanes Gnosticus Syrorum in the ensuing year, was preparing to invadle
primus Hymnologus, Lips. 1819. Bardesanes had a Illyria, Bardylis, who was now 90 years old,
son, Harmonius (incorrectly called Hammonius by having proposed terms of peace which Philip re-
Lumper), whom Sozomen styles a man of learning, jected, led forth his troops to meet the enemy, and
and specially skilled in music. (Hist. Eccles. iii. was defeated and probably slain in the battle
16 ; comp. Theodoret, Hist. Eccles. iv. 29. ) He which ensued. Plutarch mentions a daughter of
was devoted to his father's opinions, and, by adapt- his, called Bircenna, who was married to l’yrrhus
ing popular melodies to the words in which they of Epeirus. (Diod. xvi. 4 ; Just. vii. 6 ; Lucian,
were conveyed, he did harm to the cause of ortho Macrob. 10; Plut. Pyrr. 9. )
(E. E. )
doxy. To counteract this mischief, Ephrem set BAREA SORANUS, must not be confounded
new and evangelical words to the tunes of Harmo with Q. Marcius Barea, who was consul suffectus
nius, which, in this improved adaptation, long in A. D. 26. The gentile name of Barea Soranus
continued in vogue.
seems to have been Servilius, as Servilia was the
In the writings of Porphyry (de Abstinentia, iv. name of his daughter. Soranus was consul suffectus
17, and also in his fragment de Styge), a Barde in a. D. 52 under Claudius, and afterwards pro-
sanes Babylonius is mentioned, whom Vossius consul of Asia. By his justice and zeal in the
(de Hist. Graec. iv. 17), Strunz (Hist. Bur- administration of the province he incurred the
desanis et Bardesanistarum), Heeren (Stobaei Eclog. hatred of Nero, and was accordingly accused by
P. i. ), and Harles (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv. p. 247) Ostorius Sabinus, a Roman knight, in A. D. 60.
represent as altogether a different person from The charges brought against him were his intimacy
Bardesanes of Edessa. Dodwell (Diss. ad Ire- with Rubellius Plautus (Plautus), and the de-
naeum, iv. 35) identifies the Babylonian Bardesanes sign of gaining over the province of Asia for the
with the Syrian Gnostic, and maintains that he purpose of a revolution. His daughter Servilia
flourished, not under Marcus Antoninus, but Ela- was also accused for having given money to the
gabalus ; and in this last position Grabe concurs. Magi, whom she had consulted respecting her
(Spicil. i. 317. ) Lardner conceives that the his father's danger: she was under twenty years of
torical and chronological difficulties may be satis- age, and was the wife of Annius Pollio, who had
factorily adjusted by the hypothesis that the same been banished by Nero. Both Soranus and his
individual who had acquired an early reputation daughter were condemned to death, and were
in the reign of Marcus Aurelius was still living, allowed to choose the mode of their execution.
in the full blaze of his celebrity, under Elagabalus. The chief witness against father and daughter was
His reasoning on the question is very sound ; yet P. Egnatius Celer, a Stoic philosopher, formerly a
an attentive consideration of the ancient authorities client and also the teacher of Soranus ; to whose
disposes us to agree with Vossius and Heeren. The act of villany Juvenal alludes (iii. 116),
Bardesanes mentioned by Porphyry wrote concern- “ Stoicus occidit Baream, delator amicum,
ing the Indian Gymnosophists. (Euseb. Hist. Eccles. Discipulumque senex. "
iv. 30; Jerome, de Viris Ilustr. c. 33 ; Sozomen, Egnatius received great rewards from Nero, but
Theodoret, and the Edessene Chronicle. The was afterwards accused by Musonius Rufus under
chief modern authorities are the works of Cave, Vespasian, and condemned to death. ('Tac. Ann.
Tillemont, and Remi Ceillier ; Beausobre, His- xii. 53, xvi. 21, 23, 30—33, Hist. iv. 10, 40 ;
toire de Manichée, &c. , vol. ii. p. 128 ; Ittig, Dion Cass. lxii. 26 ; Schol. ad Juv. i. 33, vi.
Append. Diss. de Haeresiarch. sect. ii. 6. § 85; 551. )
Buddeus, Diss. de haeres. Valentin. & xviii; Lardner, BARES. [BARDES. ]
Credibility of the Gospel History, part ü. ch. 28, BA'RGASUS (Bápracos), a son of Heracles
§ 12 ; Burton's Lectures upon Ecclesiastical His- and Barge, from whom the town of Bargasa in
tory, Lect. XX. vol. ii. pp. 182—185 ; Neander, Caria derived its name. He had been expelled by
Gesch. der Christ. Religion, gc. I. i. p. 112, ii. pp. Lamus, the son of Omphale. (Steph. Byz. s. v.
532, 647, 743; and Grabe, Mosheim, Walch, and Bápyara. ).
11, xri. 11, xvii. 6, xviii. 3; Liban. Orat. x. BARBUCALLUS, JOANNES ('Iwdvins Bap-
p. 273. )
bourárdos), the author of eleven epigrams in the
M. BARBA'TIUS, a friend of J. Caesar, and Greek Anthology. From internal evidence his
afterwards quaestor of Antony in B. C. 40. (Cic. date is fixed by Jacobs about A. D. 55). The
Phil. xiii. 2; Appian, B. C. v. 31. ) His name Scholiast derives his name from Barbucale, a city
occurs on a coin of Antony: the obverse of which of Spain within the Ebro mentioned by Polybius
is M. ANT. IMP. Avg. IIIvir. R. P. C. , M. BAR- and Stephanus. The name of the city as actually
BAT. Q. P. , where there can be little doubt that given by Polybius (iii. 14), Stephanus Byzantinus
M. BARBAT. signifies M. Barbatius, and not Bar- (s. v. ), and Livy (xxi. 5), is Arbucale ('Apbouxáan)
batus, as Ursinus and others have conjectured, or Arbocala, probably the modern Albucella. (P. S. )
who make it a surname of the Valeria gens. The BARBULA, the name of a family of the patri-
letters Q. P. probably signify Quaestor Propraetore. cian Aemilia gens.
(Comp. Eckhel, v. p. 334. )
1. Q. AEMILIUS Q. P. L. N. BARBULA, consul
This M. Barbatius appears to be the same as the in B. c. 317, in which year a treaty was made with
Barbarius Philippus mentioned by Ulpian (Dig. 1. the Apulian Teates, Nerulum taken by Barbula,
tit. 14. s. 3), where Barbarius is only a false read and Apulia entirely subdued. (Liv. ix. 20, 21;
ing for Barbatius, and also the same as the Bar- Diod. xix. 17. ) Barbula was consul again in 311,
bius Philippicus, spoken of by Suidas. (s. v. ) We and had the conduct of the war against the Etrus-
learn from Ulpian and Suidas that M. Barbatius cans, with whom he fought an indecisive battle
was a runaway slave, who ingratiated himself according to Livy. (ix. 30—32 ; Diod. xx. 3. )
into the favour of Antony, and through his in- The Fasti, however, assign him a triumph over the
fluence obtained the praetorship under the trium- Etruscans, but this Niebuhr (Rom. Hist. iii. p.
virs. While discharging the duties of his office in 278) thinks to have been an invention of the
the forum he was recognized, we are told, by his family, more especially as the next campaign
old master, but privately purchased his freedom by against the Etruscans was not opened as if the Ro-
a large sum of money. (Comp. Garaton. ad Cic. mans had been previously conquerors.
Phil. xii. 2. )
2. L. AEMILIUS Q. F. Q. N. BARBULA, son of
BARBA'TUS, the name of a family of the No. 1, was consul in B. C. 281. The Tarentines
Horatia gens. Barbatus was also a surname of P. had rejected with the vilest insult the terms of
Cornelius Scipio, consul in B. C. 328 (Scipio), of peace which had been offered by Postumius, the
the Quinctii Capitolini (CAPITOLINUS), and of M. Roman ambassador; but as the republic had both
Valerius Messalla, consul in B. c. 12. (MESSALLA. ] the Etruscans and Samnites to contend with, it
1. M. HORATIUS M. F. M. N. BARBATUS, was was unwilling to come to a rupture with the Ta-
one of the most violent opponents of the second rentines, and accordingly sent the consu Barbula
decemvirs, when they resolved to continue their towards Tarentum with instructions to offer the
power beyond their year of office. In the tumult same terms of peace as Postumius had, but if they
which followed the death of Virginia, Valerius were again rejected to make war against the city.
Poplicola and Horatius Barbatus put themselves The Tarentines, however, adhered to their former
at ihe head of the popular movement ; and when resolution ; but as they were unable to defend
the plebeians seceded to the Sacred Hill, Valerius themselves against the Romans, they invited
and Horatius were sent to them by the senate, as Pyrrhus to their assistance. As soon as Barbula
the only acceptable deputies, to negotiate the terms became acquainted with their determination, he
of peace. The right of appeal and the tribunes prosecuted the war with the utmost vigour, beat
at the
728]
Fini:
IT
La cu
Clinie 14
e fut
قد و
Die
see
eu ir a
6. G. ]
:
GA
## p. 462 (#482) ############################################
462
BARBULA.
BARDESANES.
the Tarentines in the open field, and took several BARCA, the surname of the great Iamilcnr,
of their towns. Alarmed at his progress, and the father of Ilanibal. [HAMILCAK. ) It is pro-
trusting to his clemency, as he had treated the bably the same as the Hebrew Barak, which sig-
prisoners kindly and dismissed some without ran- nifies lightning. Niebuhr (Rom. Ilist. iii. p. 609)
som, the Tarentines appointed Agis, a friend of says, that Barca must not be regarded as the name
the Romans, general with unlimited powers. But of a house, but merely as a surname of Hamilcar :
the arrival of Cineas, the chief minister of Pyrrhus, but, however this may be, we find that the family
almost immediately afterwards, caused this ap- to which he belonged was distinguished subse-
pointment to be annulled ; and as soon as Milo quently as the “ Bircine family," and the war and
landed with part of the king's forces, he marched democratical party as the “ Barcine party. ” (Liv.
against Barbula and attacked the army as it was xxi. 2, 9, xxiii. 13, xxviii. 12, xxx. 7, 42. )
passing along a narrow road by the sea-coast. By BARDANES. (ArsacES XXI. , p. 358. ]
the side of the road were precipitous mountains, BARDESANES, a Syrian writer, whose his
and the Tarentine fleet lay at anchor ready to tory is involved in partial obscurity, owing to the
discharge missiles at the Roman army as it march- perplexed and somewhat contradictory notices of
ed by: The army would probably have been him that are furnished by ancient authorities.
destroyed, had not Barbula covered his troops by He was born at Edessa in Mesopotamia, and
placing the Tarentine prisoners in such a manner flourished in the latter half of the second century,
that they would have become the first object of and perhaps in the beginning of the third. The
the enemy's artillery. Barbula thus led his army Edessene Chronicle (Assemani, Bibl. Oricnt. i.
by in safety, as the Tarentines would not injure 389) fixes the year of his birth to a. D. 154; and
their own countrymen.
Epiphanius (Haer. 56) mentions, that he lived in
Barbula continued in southern Italy after the farour with Abgar Bar Manu, who reigned at
expiration of his consulship as proconsul. He Edessa from A. D. 152 to A. D. 187. It is difficult
gained victories over the Samnites and Sallentines, to decide whether he was originally educated in
as we learn from the Fasti, which record his tri- the principles of the famous Gnostic teacher Valen-
umph over these people, as well as over the tinus (as Eusebius seems to intimate), or whether
Etruscans, in Quinctilis of 280. (Zonar. viii. 2; (as Epiphanius implies) he was brought up in the
Oros. iv. 1; Appian, Samn. p. 58, &c. , ed. Schw. ; Christian faith and afterwards embraced the
Dionys. Exc. p. 2342, &c. , ed. Reiske ; Frontin. Valentinian heresy. It is clear, however, that he
Strai. i. 4. & 1, where Aemilius Paullus is a mis- eventually abandoned the doctrines of Valentinus
take. )
and founded a school of his own. For an account
3. M. Aemilius L. f. Q. N.
BARBULA, son of of the leading principles of his theology see
No. 2, was consul in B. c. 230, and had in con- Mosheim, de Rebus Christian, ante Constantinum
junction with his colleague the conduct of the war 11. pp. 395-397, or C. W. F. Walch's Ketzer-
against the Ligurians. (Zonar. viii. 19. ) Zonaras historie, vol. i. pp. 415—422.
says (l. c. ), that when the Carthaginians heard of Bardesanes wrote much against various sects of
the Ligurian war, they resolved to march against heretics, especially against the school of Marcion.
Rome, but that they relinquished their design His talents are reported to have been of an elerated
when the consuls came into their country, and re order, and Jerome, referring to those of his works
ceived the Romans as friends. This is evidently which had been translated out of Syriac into Greek,
a blunder, and must in all probability be referred observes, " Si autem tanta vis est et fulgor in inter-
to the Gauls, who, as we learn from Polybius (ii. pretatione, quantam putamus in sermone proprio. "
21), were in a state of great ferment about this He elsewhere mentions that the writings of Bar-
time owing to the lex Flaminia, which had been desanes were held in high repute among the
passed about two years previously, B. C. 232, for philosophers. Eusebius, in his Praeparatio Evan-
the division of the Picentian land.
gelica (vi
. 10), has preserved a fragment of the
4. BARBULA purchased Marcus, the legate of dialogue on Fate by this writer, and it undoubtedly
Brutus, who had been proscribed by the triumvirs displays abilities of no ordinary stamp. This frag-
in B. C. 43, and who pretended that he was a slave in ment is published by Grabe, in his Spicilegium SS.
order to escape death. Barbula took Marcus with Patrum, vol. i. pp. 289-299 ; and by Orelli, in the
him to Rome, where he was recognized at the city collection entitled Alexandri, Ammonii, Plotini, Bar-
gates by one of Barbula's friends. Barbula, by means desanis, &c. , de Fato, quae supersunt, Turici, 1824.
of Agrippa, obtained the pardon of Marcus from Grabe there shews that the writer of the Recog
Octavianus. Marcus afterwards became one of the nitiones, falsely ascribed to Clemens Romanus, has
friends of Octavianus, and commanded part of his committed plagiarism by wholesale upon Bardesanes
forces at the battle of Actium, B. c. 31. Here he had it appears from this fragment that the charge of
an opportunity of returning the kindness of his for- fatalism, preferred against Bardesanes by Augus-
mer master. Barbula had served under Antony, and tin, is entirely groundless. It is acutely conjec-
after the defeat of the latter fell into the hands of the tured by Colberg (de Orig. et Progress. Haeres. p.
conquerors. He, too, pretended to be a slave, and | 140), that Augustin knew this work of Bardesanes
was purchased by Marcus, who procured his par- only by its title, and hastily concluded that it
don from Augustus, and both of them subsequently contained a defence of fatalism. Eusebius says that
obtained the consulship at the same time. Such this work was inscribed to Antoninus, and Jerome
is the statement of Appian (B. C. iv. 49), who does declares that this was the emperor Marcus Aure-
not give us either the gentile or family name of lius; but it was most probably Antoninus Verus,
Marcus, nor does he tell us whether Barbula be- who, in his expedition against the Parthians, was
longed to the Aemilia gens. The Fasti do not at Edessa in the year 165.
contain any consul of the name of Barbula, but he Eusebius mentions that Bardesanes wrote several
and his friends may have been consuls suffecti, the works concerning the persecution of the Christians.
names of all of whom are not preserved.
The majority of the learned suppose that this was
## p. 463 (#483) ############################################
BARDYLIS.
463
BARNABAS.
Lis,
bis
TE
.
the persecution under Marcus Antoninus. We | Plut. Pelop. 26 ; Just. vii. 5. ) The incursions of
learn from Ephrem the Syrian that Bardesanes com- Bardylis into Macedonia we find continued in the
posed, in his native tongue, no fewer than one hun reign of Perdiccas III. , who fell in a battle against
dred and fifty Psalms elegantly versified. On this him in B. c. 360. (Diod. xvi. 2. ) When Philip,
subject see Hahn, Burdesanes Gnosticus Syrorum in the ensuing year, was preparing to invadle
primus Hymnologus, Lips. 1819. Bardesanes had a Illyria, Bardylis, who was now 90 years old,
son, Harmonius (incorrectly called Hammonius by having proposed terms of peace which Philip re-
Lumper), whom Sozomen styles a man of learning, jected, led forth his troops to meet the enemy, and
and specially skilled in music. (Hist. Eccles. iii. was defeated and probably slain in the battle
16 ; comp. Theodoret, Hist. Eccles. iv. 29. ) He which ensued. Plutarch mentions a daughter of
was devoted to his father's opinions, and, by adapt- his, called Bircenna, who was married to l’yrrhus
ing popular melodies to the words in which they of Epeirus. (Diod. xvi. 4 ; Just. vii. 6 ; Lucian,
were conveyed, he did harm to the cause of ortho Macrob. 10; Plut. Pyrr. 9. )
(E. E. )
doxy. To counteract this mischief, Ephrem set BAREA SORANUS, must not be confounded
new and evangelical words to the tunes of Harmo with Q. Marcius Barea, who was consul suffectus
nius, which, in this improved adaptation, long in A. D. 26. The gentile name of Barea Soranus
continued in vogue.
seems to have been Servilius, as Servilia was the
In the writings of Porphyry (de Abstinentia, iv. name of his daughter. Soranus was consul suffectus
17, and also in his fragment de Styge), a Barde in a. D. 52 under Claudius, and afterwards pro-
sanes Babylonius is mentioned, whom Vossius consul of Asia. By his justice and zeal in the
(de Hist. Graec. iv. 17), Strunz (Hist. Bur- administration of the province he incurred the
desanis et Bardesanistarum), Heeren (Stobaei Eclog. hatred of Nero, and was accordingly accused by
P. i. ), and Harles (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv. p. 247) Ostorius Sabinus, a Roman knight, in A. D. 60.
represent as altogether a different person from The charges brought against him were his intimacy
Bardesanes of Edessa. Dodwell (Diss. ad Ire- with Rubellius Plautus (Plautus), and the de-
naeum, iv. 35) identifies the Babylonian Bardesanes sign of gaining over the province of Asia for the
with the Syrian Gnostic, and maintains that he purpose of a revolution. His daughter Servilia
flourished, not under Marcus Antoninus, but Ela- was also accused for having given money to the
gabalus ; and in this last position Grabe concurs. Magi, whom she had consulted respecting her
(Spicil. i. 317. ) Lardner conceives that the his father's danger: she was under twenty years of
torical and chronological difficulties may be satis- age, and was the wife of Annius Pollio, who had
factorily adjusted by the hypothesis that the same been banished by Nero. Both Soranus and his
individual who had acquired an early reputation daughter were condemned to death, and were
in the reign of Marcus Aurelius was still living, allowed to choose the mode of their execution.
in the full blaze of his celebrity, under Elagabalus. The chief witness against father and daughter was
His reasoning on the question is very sound ; yet P. Egnatius Celer, a Stoic philosopher, formerly a
an attentive consideration of the ancient authorities client and also the teacher of Soranus ; to whose
disposes us to agree with Vossius and Heeren. The act of villany Juvenal alludes (iii. 116),
Bardesanes mentioned by Porphyry wrote concern- “ Stoicus occidit Baream, delator amicum,
ing the Indian Gymnosophists. (Euseb. Hist. Eccles. Discipulumque senex. "
iv. 30; Jerome, de Viris Ilustr. c. 33 ; Sozomen, Egnatius received great rewards from Nero, but
Theodoret, and the Edessene Chronicle. The was afterwards accused by Musonius Rufus under
chief modern authorities are the works of Cave, Vespasian, and condemned to death. ('Tac. Ann.
Tillemont, and Remi Ceillier ; Beausobre, His- xii. 53, xvi. 21, 23, 30—33, Hist. iv. 10, 40 ;
toire de Manichée, &c. , vol. ii. p. 128 ; Ittig, Dion Cass. lxii. 26 ; Schol. ad Juv. i. 33, vi.
Append. Diss. de Haeresiarch. sect. ii. 6. § 85; 551. )
Buddeus, Diss. de haeres. Valentin. & xviii; Lardner, BARES. [BARDES. ]
Credibility of the Gospel History, part ü. ch. 28, BA'RGASUS (Bápracos), a son of Heracles
§ 12 ; Burton's Lectures upon Ecclesiastical His- and Barge, from whom the town of Bargasa in
tory, Lect. XX. vol. ii. pp. 182—185 ; Neander, Caria derived its name. He had been expelled by
Gesch. der Christ. Religion, gc. I. i. p. 112, ii. pp. Lamus, the son of Omphale. (Steph. Byz. s. v.
532, 647, 743; and Grabe, Mosheim, Walch, and Bápyara. ).
