When Carbo
the consul himself was wounded and a legate and shortly afterwards abandoned Italy in despair,
several tribunes of the soldiers killed.
the consul himself was wounded and a legate and shortly afterwards abandoned Italy in despair,
several tribunes of the soldiers killed.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
The battle of
This question and this answer obtained such un- Bedriacum, in which Otho's army was defeated,
desirable celebrity among civilians, that silly ques- gave Vitelliuš the empire; but Celsus, who had
tions were called Quaestiones Domitianae, and blunt remained faithful to Otho to the last, again did not
answers Responsiones Celsinae.
suffer for his fidelity. Vitellius allowed him to
He wrote-1. Digestorum Libri XXXIX. after enter on the consulship on the calends of July
the order of the practor's edict. Seven books of (A. D. 69), as had been arranged from the first.
this work, viz. XXX -xxxvi, were occupied by a (Tac. Ann. xv. 25, Hist. i. 14, 31, 39, 45, 71,
commentary on the Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea. 77, 87, 90, ii. 23, 33, 60. )
This is the only one of the works of Celsus of CELSUS, PAPIUS. Celsus appears as a
which pure fragments are preserved in the compi- surname of the Papia gens on several coins of the
lations of Justinian, and perhaps the only one republican period, but does not occur in any an-
then extant. It belongs, according to Blume's cient writer. Two of the most remarkable of these
theory, to the Classis Edictalis of the Digest. coins are given below. On the obverse the former
2. Epistolar, of which Ulpian (Dig. 4. tit. 4. 8. 3. contains a youthful head with a trophy behind it,
$ 1) cites the 11th book. 3. Quaestiones, which,
according to a citation of Ulpian (Dig. 34. tit. 2.
8. 19. § 3), consisted of at least 19 books. 4. Com-
menturii, of which the 7th book is cited by Ulpian.
GILSVS.
(Dig. 34. tit. 2. 8. 19. § 6. ) 5. Institutiones, in
7 books, according to the testimony of the old
scholiast on Juvenal (vi. 243). Gravina (Orig.
LAPIVS
Jur. Civ. lib. i. & 49, p. 68) says, that Celsus left
a work De Usucapionibus, in which he refers to
his father ; but this statement is given without the latter the head of Juno Sospita. The reverse
authority, and appears to be an error partly of both represents the same subject, namely, a wolf
copied from Panciroli (de Claris Leg. Interp. p. 44), with a piece of wood in its mouth, and an eagle
who cites a passage in the Digest (Dig. 41. tit. 2.
8. 47) referring not to Celsus, but to Nerva filius.
(Heinecc. de Juventio Celso, Op. ii. pp. 518-532;
CELSUST-VIRU
Schott. de Quaestione Domiliana, Lips. 1771 ;
Hub. Greg. van Vryhoff, Observ. Jur. Civ. c. 35;
Neuber, Die juristiche Klassiker, pp. 133—145;
Kämmerer, Beiträge zur Gesch. u. Theorie des Röm.
PAPINS.
Rechts, i. No. 3, pp. 208–226. ) [J. T. G. )
CELSUS, P. MA'RIUS, consul in a. D. 62
(Fasti), was the commander of the fifteenth legion standing before a burning heap of wood. This
in Pannonia, with which he was sent to join Cor-subject appears to refer to a legend related by
bulo in his expedition against the Parthians in 64. Dionysius (i. 59) in connexion with the foundation
On the death of Nero in 68, Celsus joined Galba's of Lavinium by the Trojans. He tells us, that the
party, at which time he is spoken of as consul forest in which the city was afterwards built took
designatus, but whether he had been nominated to fire of its own accord, and that a wolf was seen
the consulship by Nero or by Galba is uncertain. bringing dry wood to feed the flame, which was
He was one of the ablest and most faithful of fanned by an eagle with its wings; but that a fox
Galba's supporters; and when the troops rebelled at the same time tried to extinguish the fire by its
against the new emperor, Celsus was sent to en- tail, which had been dipped in water; and that it
deavour to propitiate the detachment of the Illyrian was not till after several efforts that the wolf and
army which had encamped in the Vipsanian por- eagle were able to get rid of him. Now we know
ticus. It was probably thought that Celsus would that the Papia gens came originally from Lanuvium,
have more influence with this army than any one which was also one of the chief seats of the worship
else, on account of his former connexion with it: of Juno Sospita. Hence it has been conjectured,
but he was unable to quell the insurrection. The that Dionysius has made a mistake in referring
death of Galba soon followed, and Otho obtained this legend to Lavinium : but it is not improbable
the sovereignty. The life of Celsus was now in that the same story may have been told, in later
great danger; the partizans of Otho loudly de times, of the foundation of each city.
manded his execution ; but Otho, who appreciated CELSUS, L. PUBLI'CIUS, consul under Tra-
his fidelity to his late master, not only spared his jan in A. D. 113 (Fasti), was so much esteemed by
life, but admitted him to the circle of his most in this emperor, that he had a statue erected to his
timate friends. Celsus served Otho with the same honour. He was, however, a personal enemy of
fidelity as he had the late emperor. He was sent, Hadrian's, and accordingly the latter caused him
together with Suetonius Paullinus and Annius to be put to death at Baiae immediately after his
Gallus, in command of the army to oppose the accession, A. D. 117. (Dion Cass. lxviii. 16, lxix.
generals of Vitellius, who were advancing into 2; Spartian. Hadr. 4, 7. )
Italy. At first he and his colleagues were com- CENAEUS (Knvaſos), a surname of Zeus, de
pletely successful; in the campaign on the Po, in rived from cape Cenaeum in Euboen, on which the
## p. 664 (#684) ############################################
664
CENSORINUS.
CENSORINUS.
god had a temple. (A pollod. ii. 7. $ 7; Ov. Aſet. I L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus. (Val. Max. vi. 9.
ix. 136. )
(L. S. ] § 10. )
CE'NCHRIAS (Keyxpias), a son of Poseidon It was to this Censorinus that the philosopher
and Peirene, was killed accidentally by Artemis. Cleitomachus dedicated one of his works. (Cic.
He and his brother Leches were believed to have Acad. ii. 32. )
given their names to Cenchreae and Lechaeum, 3. C. MARCIUS CENSORINUS, one of the leading
the two port-towns of Corinth. (Paus. ii. 2. $ 3, men of the Marian party, is first mentioned as the
3. § 3, 24. § 8. )
(L. S. ) accuser of Sulla on his return from Asia in B. C.
CENSORI'NUS, the name of a plebeian family 91. (Plut. Sull. 5. ) He entered Rome together
of the Marcia gens. The name of this family was with Marius and Cinna in B. c. 87, and took a
originally Rutilus, and the first member of it who leading part in the massacres which then ensued.
acquired the name of Censorinus, was C. Marcius It was Censorinus who killed the consul Octavius,
Rutilus (No. 1, below], who is said in the Capi- the first victim of the proscription ; he cut off his
toline Fasti to have received this surname in his head and carried it to Cinna, who commanded it to
becond censorship, B. C. 265. Niebuhr, however, be hung up on the rostra. Censorinus shared in
remarks (Hist. of Rome, iii. p. 556), that this the vicissitudes of the Marian party, and took an
statement is doubtful, as he might have derived it active part in the great campaign of B. c. 82, which
from the circumstance of his father having first established the supremacy of Sulla. He had the
gained for the plebs a share in this dignity. command of one of the Marian armies, and is first
1. C. MARCIUS C. F. L. N. RUTILUS Censo- mentioned as suffering a defeat from Pompey near
RINUS, was the son of C. Marcius Rutilus, the Sena. He was afterwards sent with eight legions
first plebeian dictator (B. C. 356) and censor (B. C. by the consul Carbo to relieve the younger Marius,
351). He was consul in B. c. 310 with Q. Fabius who was kept besieged at Praeneste; but on his
Maximus, and while his colleague was engaged in march thither, he was attacked from an ambush
his brilliant campaign in Etruria, Rutilus conduct by Pompey, and was compelled after considerable
ed the war in Samnium and took the town of loss to take refuge on a neighbouring hill. His
Allifae. He afterwards fought a battle with the men, believing him to be the cause of their defeat,
Samnites, in which he was probably defeated; for deserted him in a body, with the exception of
the statement of Livy, that the battle was a drawn seven cohorts, with which miserable remnant he
one, is almost outweighed by his confession, that was compelled to return to Carbo.
When Carbo
the consul himself was wounded and a legate and shortly afterwards abandoned Italy in despair,
several tribunes of the soldiers killed. (Liv. ix. Censorinus united his forces with those of Brutus
33, 38; Diod. xx. 27. )
Damasippus and Carrinas, and these three generals,
On the admission of the plebs to the priestly after an ineffectual attempt to force the passes of
colleges by the Ogulnian law in B. c. 300, by Praeneste with the object of relieving the town,
which also the number of their members was in- marched towards Rome, hoping to take the city as
creased, Rutilus was elected one of the pontiffs. it was destitute of men and provisions. Sulla,
(Liv. x. 9. ) He was censor with P. Cornelius however, hastened after them, and a dreadful
Arvina in 294 (Liv, x. 47), and a second time battle was fought near the Colline gate, which
with Cn. Cornelius Blasio in 265, the only in- ended in the total defeat of the Marian army.
stance in which a person held the office of censor Censorinus and Carrinas took to flight, but were
twice. It is mentioned above that he is said to overtaken and brought back to Sulla, who com-
have received the surname of Censorinus in this manded them to be put to death, and their heads
honour. After his election Rutilus rebuked the to be cut off and carried round the walls of Prae-
people for having conferred this dignity upon him neste to inform Marius of the fate of his friends.
again, and brought forward a law enacting that no (Appian, B. C. i. 71, 88, 90, 92, 93. ) Censo-
one in future should be eligible to this office a rinus is spoken of by Cicero as one of the orators
second time. (Liv. Epit. 16; Eutrop. ii. 18; Val. of bis time, and as tolerably well versed in Greek
Max. iv. 1. & 3; Plut. Coriol. 1. )
literature. (Brut. 67, 90. )
2. L. MARCIUS C. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, consul 4. (MARCIUS) CENSORINUS, one the friends
with M’. Manilius in B. c. 149, the first year of of Q. Cicero in Asia, B. C. 59 (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 2.
the third Punic war. Both consuls were ordered $ 4), may possibly be the same as the following.
to proceed to Carthage : the command of the army 5. L. MARCIUS L. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, a vio-
was entrusted to Manilius, and that of the fleet to lent partizan of M. Antony, and one of the prae-
Censorinus. In the negotiations between the i tors in B. C. 43. (Cic. Phil. xi. 5, 14, xii. 2,
consuls and Carthaginians which preceded actual duo praetores, xii. 8 ; comp. Garaton. ad xii. 8. )
hostilities, and of which Appian has given us a When Antony passed over into Asia after arrang-
detailed account, Censorinus acted as spokesinan ing the affairs of Greece in B. C. 41, he left Censo-
because he was the better orator. After the Car- rinus governor of the province. (Plut. Anton. 24. )
thaginians had refused compliance with the com- His adherence to Antony procured him the consul-
mands of the Romans, who required them to ship in 39 (Dion Cass. xlviii. 34), and we learn from
abandon Carthage and build another town not less the Triumphal Fasti, that he obtained a triumph
than ten miles from the sea, the consuls formally for some successes he had gained in Macedonia,
laid siege to the city ; but Censorinus was com- which must consequently have been his province.
pelled shortly afterwards to return to Rome in 6. C. MARCIUS L. F. L. N. CENSORINUS, son of
order to hold the comitia, leaving the conduct of No. 5, was consul in B. C. 8 (Dion Cass. lv. 5;
the siege in the hands of his colleague. (Appian, Plin. H. N. xxxiii
. 10. s. 47 ; Censorin. 22 ; Sue
Pun. 75–90, 97–99; Liv. Epit. 49; Flor. ii. ton. Vit. Horat. ; Lapis Ancyranus), and seems to
15; Eutrop. ir. 10; Oros. iv. 22 ; Vell. Pat. i. have obtained subsequently the government of
13; Zonar. ix, p. 463 ; Cic. Brut. 15, 27, ad aut. Syria, from the way in which he is mentioned by
xii. 5. ) Censorinus was censor in B. c. 147, with | Josephus (Ant. xvi. 6. § 2) in the decree of Augus-
## p. 665 (#685) ############################################
CENSORINUS.
665
CENSORINUS.
L:CENSOR
YWN
PMCIMAKS
SOMPELS.
Cl.
tus securing certain immunities to the Jews. He | verse a youthful head, and on the reverse a horse
died in Asia in A. D. 2, when he was in attendance at full gallop ; the fifth has on the obverse the
upon C. Caesar, the grandson of Augustus. His head of Apollo, and on the reverse, Silenus. (Eck-
denth was universally regretted : Velleius Pater- hel, v. p. 245, &c. )
culus calls him (ii. 102) * Vir demerendis homi-
nibus genitus. "
There are several interesting coins of the Marcia
gens, bearing upon them the names of C. Censorinus
and L. Censorinus ; but it is impossible to deter-
mine to which of the preceding Censorini they be-
long. Five specimens of these coins are given
below. The first three contain on the obverse the
heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Marcius, the CENSORI'NUS (Appius Claudius), is ranked
second and fourth kings of Rome, because the by 'Trebellius Pollio among the thirty tyrants
[comp: AUREOLUS), although the number is com-
CCENS
plete without the addition of his name, and he be-
longs not to the reign of Gallienus, but of Claudius
Gothicus. Censorinus, having devoted his youth
and manhood to a military career, attained to the
highest dignities. He was twice consul, twice
praefect of the praetorium, thrice praefect of the
city, four times proconsul, and discharged at va-
ROMA.
rious periods the duties of numerous inferior ap-
pointments. Full of years, and disabled by an
honourable wound received in the Persian war,
Marcia gens claimed to be descended from Ancus under Valerian, he had retired to pass the evening
Marcius (MARCIA GENS), and the latter was sup- of his days on his estate, when he was suddenly
posed to be the grandson of Numa Pompilius. In proclaimed emperor by a body of mutinous troops,
these three coins Numa is represented with a beard, and invested with the purple at Bologna, in A. D.
270. Having, however, displayed a determination
to enforce strict discipline, he was forth with put to
death by the same soldiers who had raised him to
SC. CENS
a throne. If any genuine medals of this prince
ROMAS
exist, which is very doubtful, they have never been
described with sufficient accuracy to render them
of any historical value, or even to enable us to de
termine whether the names Appius Claudius formed
avon0000-
part of his designation. Birago, in his Numismata
(Mediol. 1683), quotes a Greek coin supposed to
and Ancus without, probably to mark the relation indicate the third year of the reign of Censorinus ;
between them of grandfather and grandson. The but, since no account is given of the place where
obverse of the first contains the inscription NVMAF. it was preserved, it was in all probability a forgery,
POMPILI. ANCL MARCI. , and that of the second especially as we have no reason to believe that the
NVMA. POMPILI. ANCVS. MARCI. The reverse of pretender maintained his authority beyond the space
of a few days. Tillemont supposes, that the Victori-
nus mentioned by the younger Victor as having as-
sumed the purple under Claudius is the same person
with our Censorinus. (Trebell. Pollio, Trig. Tyr. ; Til-
lemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. p. 37. ) (W. R. ]
CCIWSER
CENSORI'NUS, the compiler of a treatise en-
titled de Die Natali, which treats of the generation
the first represents two arches, in one of which of man, of his natal hour, of the influence of the
Victory stands on a pillar, and in the other is the stars and
genii upon his career, and discusses the
prow of a vessel, with the moon above. The re various methods employed for the division and
verse of the second contains two prows also with a calculation of time, together with sundry topics
figure of Victory; and both coins seem to have re- connected with astronomy, mathematics,
geography,
ference to the harbour of Ostia, which was built and music. It affords much valuable information
by Ancus Marcius. The reverse of the third coin with regard to the various systerns of ancient chro
represents a desultor riding with two horses, as he nology, and is constantly referred to by those who
was accustomed to leap from one to another in the bave investigated these topics. The book is dedi-
public games, while they were at full gallop. (Dict
. cated to a certain Q. Cerellius, whom the writer
of Ant. s. v. Desultor. ) The fourth and fifth coins addresses as his patron and benefactor (c. 1), and
are of less importance : the fourth has on the ob- was composed in the year A. D. 238, in the consul-
ship of Ulpius and Pontianus (c. 21).
This question and this answer obtained such un- Bedriacum, in which Otho's army was defeated,
desirable celebrity among civilians, that silly ques- gave Vitelliuš the empire; but Celsus, who had
tions were called Quaestiones Domitianae, and blunt remained faithful to Otho to the last, again did not
answers Responsiones Celsinae.
suffer for his fidelity. Vitellius allowed him to
He wrote-1. Digestorum Libri XXXIX. after enter on the consulship on the calends of July
the order of the practor's edict. Seven books of (A. D. 69), as had been arranged from the first.
this work, viz. XXX -xxxvi, were occupied by a (Tac. Ann. xv. 25, Hist. i. 14, 31, 39, 45, 71,
commentary on the Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea. 77, 87, 90, ii. 23, 33, 60. )
This is the only one of the works of Celsus of CELSUS, PAPIUS. Celsus appears as a
which pure fragments are preserved in the compi- surname of the Papia gens on several coins of the
lations of Justinian, and perhaps the only one republican period, but does not occur in any an-
then extant. It belongs, according to Blume's cient writer. Two of the most remarkable of these
theory, to the Classis Edictalis of the Digest. coins are given below. On the obverse the former
2. Epistolar, of which Ulpian (Dig. 4. tit. 4. 8. 3. contains a youthful head with a trophy behind it,
$ 1) cites the 11th book. 3. Quaestiones, which,
according to a citation of Ulpian (Dig. 34. tit. 2.
8. 19. § 3), consisted of at least 19 books. 4. Com-
menturii, of which the 7th book is cited by Ulpian.
GILSVS.
(Dig. 34. tit. 2. 8. 19. § 6. ) 5. Institutiones, in
7 books, according to the testimony of the old
scholiast on Juvenal (vi. 243). Gravina (Orig.
LAPIVS
Jur. Civ. lib. i. & 49, p. 68) says, that Celsus left
a work De Usucapionibus, in which he refers to
his father ; but this statement is given without the latter the head of Juno Sospita. The reverse
authority, and appears to be an error partly of both represents the same subject, namely, a wolf
copied from Panciroli (de Claris Leg. Interp. p. 44), with a piece of wood in its mouth, and an eagle
who cites a passage in the Digest (Dig. 41. tit. 2.
8. 47) referring not to Celsus, but to Nerva filius.
(Heinecc. de Juventio Celso, Op. ii. pp. 518-532;
CELSUST-VIRU
Schott. de Quaestione Domiliana, Lips. 1771 ;
Hub. Greg. van Vryhoff, Observ. Jur. Civ. c. 35;
Neuber, Die juristiche Klassiker, pp. 133—145;
Kämmerer, Beiträge zur Gesch. u. Theorie des Röm.
PAPINS.
Rechts, i. No. 3, pp. 208–226. ) [J. T. G. )
CELSUS, P. MA'RIUS, consul in a. D. 62
(Fasti), was the commander of the fifteenth legion standing before a burning heap of wood. This
in Pannonia, with which he was sent to join Cor-subject appears to refer to a legend related by
bulo in his expedition against the Parthians in 64. Dionysius (i. 59) in connexion with the foundation
On the death of Nero in 68, Celsus joined Galba's of Lavinium by the Trojans. He tells us, that the
party, at which time he is spoken of as consul forest in which the city was afterwards built took
designatus, but whether he had been nominated to fire of its own accord, and that a wolf was seen
the consulship by Nero or by Galba is uncertain. bringing dry wood to feed the flame, which was
He was one of the ablest and most faithful of fanned by an eagle with its wings; but that a fox
Galba's supporters; and when the troops rebelled at the same time tried to extinguish the fire by its
against the new emperor, Celsus was sent to en- tail, which had been dipped in water; and that it
deavour to propitiate the detachment of the Illyrian was not till after several efforts that the wolf and
army which had encamped in the Vipsanian por- eagle were able to get rid of him. Now we know
ticus. It was probably thought that Celsus would that the Papia gens came originally from Lanuvium,
have more influence with this army than any one which was also one of the chief seats of the worship
else, on account of his former connexion with it: of Juno Sospita. Hence it has been conjectured,
but he was unable to quell the insurrection. The that Dionysius has made a mistake in referring
death of Galba soon followed, and Otho obtained this legend to Lavinium : but it is not improbable
the sovereignty. The life of Celsus was now in that the same story may have been told, in later
great danger; the partizans of Otho loudly de times, of the foundation of each city.
manded his execution ; but Otho, who appreciated CELSUS, L. PUBLI'CIUS, consul under Tra-
his fidelity to his late master, not only spared his jan in A. D. 113 (Fasti), was so much esteemed by
life, but admitted him to the circle of his most in this emperor, that he had a statue erected to his
timate friends. Celsus served Otho with the same honour. He was, however, a personal enemy of
fidelity as he had the late emperor. He was sent, Hadrian's, and accordingly the latter caused him
together with Suetonius Paullinus and Annius to be put to death at Baiae immediately after his
Gallus, in command of the army to oppose the accession, A. D. 117. (Dion Cass. lxviii. 16, lxix.
generals of Vitellius, who were advancing into 2; Spartian. Hadr. 4, 7. )
Italy. At first he and his colleagues were com- CENAEUS (Knvaſos), a surname of Zeus, de
pletely successful; in the campaign on the Po, in rived from cape Cenaeum in Euboen, on which the
## p. 664 (#684) ############################################
664
CENSORINUS.
CENSORINUS.
god had a temple. (A pollod. ii. 7. $ 7; Ov. Aſet. I L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus. (Val. Max. vi. 9.
ix. 136. )
(L. S. ] § 10. )
CE'NCHRIAS (Keyxpias), a son of Poseidon It was to this Censorinus that the philosopher
and Peirene, was killed accidentally by Artemis. Cleitomachus dedicated one of his works. (Cic.
He and his brother Leches were believed to have Acad. ii. 32. )
given their names to Cenchreae and Lechaeum, 3. C. MARCIUS CENSORINUS, one of the leading
the two port-towns of Corinth. (Paus. ii. 2. $ 3, men of the Marian party, is first mentioned as the
3. § 3, 24. § 8. )
(L. S. ) accuser of Sulla on his return from Asia in B. C.
CENSORI'NUS, the name of a plebeian family 91. (Plut. Sull. 5. ) He entered Rome together
of the Marcia gens. The name of this family was with Marius and Cinna in B. c. 87, and took a
originally Rutilus, and the first member of it who leading part in the massacres which then ensued.
acquired the name of Censorinus, was C. Marcius It was Censorinus who killed the consul Octavius,
Rutilus (No. 1, below], who is said in the Capi- the first victim of the proscription ; he cut off his
toline Fasti to have received this surname in his head and carried it to Cinna, who commanded it to
becond censorship, B. C. 265. Niebuhr, however, be hung up on the rostra. Censorinus shared in
remarks (Hist. of Rome, iii. p. 556), that this the vicissitudes of the Marian party, and took an
statement is doubtful, as he might have derived it active part in the great campaign of B. c. 82, which
from the circumstance of his father having first established the supremacy of Sulla. He had the
gained for the plebs a share in this dignity. command of one of the Marian armies, and is first
1. C. MARCIUS C. F. L. N. RUTILUS Censo- mentioned as suffering a defeat from Pompey near
RINUS, was the son of C. Marcius Rutilus, the Sena. He was afterwards sent with eight legions
first plebeian dictator (B. C. 356) and censor (B. C. by the consul Carbo to relieve the younger Marius,
351). He was consul in B. c. 310 with Q. Fabius who was kept besieged at Praeneste; but on his
Maximus, and while his colleague was engaged in march thither, he was attacked from an ambush
his brilliant campaign in Etruria, Rutilus conduct by Pompey, and was compelled after considerable
ed the war in Samnium and took the town of loss to take refuge on a neighbouring hill. His
Allifae. He afterwards fought a battle with the men, believing him to be the cause of their defeat,
Samnites, in which he was probably defeated; for deserted him in a body, with the exception of
the statement of Livy, that the battle was a drawn seven cohorts, with which miserable remnant he
one, is almost outweighed by his confession, that was compelled to return to Carbo.
When Carbo
the consul himself was wounded and a legate and shortly afterwards abandoned Italy in despair,
several tribunes of the soldiers killed. (Liv. ix. Censorinus united his forces with those of Brutus
33, 38; Diod. xx. 27. )
Damasippus and Carrinas, and these three generals,
On the admission of the plebs to the priestly after an ineffectual attempt to force the passes of
colleges by the Ogulnian law in B. c. 300, by Praeneste with the object of relieving the town,
which also the number of their members was in- marched towards Rome, hoping to take the city as
creased, Rutilus was elected one of the pontiffs. it was destitute of men and provisions. Sulla,
(Liv. x. 9. ) He was censor with P. Cornelius however, hastened after them, and a dreadful
Arvina in 294 (Liv, x. 47), and a second time battle was fought near the Colline gate, which
with Cn. Cornelius Blasio in 265, the only in- ended in the total defeat of the Marian army.
stance in which a person held the office of censor Censorinus and Carrinas took to flight, but were
twice. It is mentioned above that he is said to overtaken and brought back to Sulla, who com-
have received the surname of Censorinus in this manded them to be put to death, and their heads
honour. After his election Rutilus rebuked the to be cut off and carried round the walls of Prae-
people for having conferred this dignity upon him neste to inform Marius of the fate of his friends.
again, and brought forward a law enacting that no (Appian, B. C. i. 71, 88, 90, 92, 93. ) Censo-
one in future should be eligible to this office a rinus is spoken of by Cicero as one of the orators
second time. (Liv. Epit. 16; Eutrop. ii. 18; Val. of bis time, and as tolerably well versed in Greek
Max. iv. 1. & 3; Plut. Coriol. 1. )
literature. (Brut. 67, 90. )
2. L. MARCIUS C. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, consul 4. (MARCIUS) CENSORINUS, one the friends
with M’. Manilius in B. c. 149, the first year of of Q. Cicero in Asia, B. C. 59 (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 2.
the third Punic war. Both consuls were ordered $ 4), may possibly be the same as the following.
to proceed to Carthage : the command of the army 5. L. MARCIUS L. F. C. N. CENSORINUS, a vio-
was entrusted to Manilius, and that of the fleet to lent partizan of M. Antony, and one of the prae-
Censorinus. In the negotiations between the i tors in B. C. 43. (Cic. Phil. xi. 5, 14, xii. 2,
consuls and Carthaginians which preceded actual duo praetores, xii. 8 ; comp. Garaton. ad xii. 8. )
hostilities, and of which Appian has given us a When Antony passed over into Asia after arrang-
detailed account, Censorinus acted as spokesinan ing the affairs of Greece in B. C. 41, he left Censo-
because he was the better orator. After the Car- rinus governor of the province. (Plut. Anton. 24. )
thaginians had refused compliance with the com- His adherence to Antony procured him the consul-
mands of the Romans, who required them to ship in 39 (Dion Cass. xlviii. 34), and we learn from
abandon Carthage and build another town not less the Triumphal Fasti, that he obtained a triumph
than ten miles from the sea, the consuls formally for some successes he had gained in Macedonia,
laid siege to the city ; but Censorinus was com- which must consequently have been his province.
pelled shortly afterwards to return to Rome in 6. C. MARCIUS L. F. L. N. CENSORINUS, son of
order to hold the comitia, leaving the conduct of No. 5, was consul in B. C. 8 (Dion Cass. lv. 5;
the siege in the hands of his colleague. (Appian, Plin. H. N. xxxiii
. 10. s. 47 ; Censorin. 22 ; Sue
Pun. 75–90, 97–99; Liv. Epit. 49; Flor. ii. ton. Vit. Horat. ; Lapis Ancyranus), and seems to
15; Eutrop. ir. 10; Oros. iv. 22 ; Vell. Pat. i. have obtained subsequently the government of
13; Zonar. ix, p. 463 ; Cic. Brut. 15, 27, ad aut. Syria, from the way in which he is mentioned by
xii. 5. ) Censorinus was censor in B. c. 147, with | Josephus (Ant. xvi. 6. § 2) in the decree of Augus-
## p. 665 (#685) ############################################
CENSORINUS.
665
CENSORINUS.
L:CENSOR
YWN
PMCIMAKS
SOMPELS.
Cl.
tus securing certain immunities to the Jews. He | verse a youthful head, and on the reverse a horse
died in Asia in A. D. 2, when he was in attendance at full gallop ; the fifth has on the obverse the
upon C. Caesar, the grandson of Augustus. His head of Apollo, and on the reverse, Silenus. (Eck-
denth was universally regretted : Velleius Pater- hel, v. p. 245, &c. )
culus calls him (ii. 102) * Vir demerendis homi-
nibus genitus. "
There are several interesting coins of the Marcia
gens, bearing upon them the names of C. Censorinus
and L. Censorinus ; but it is impossible to deter-
mine to which of the preceding Censorini they be-
long. Five specimens of these coins are given
below. The first three contain on the obverse the
heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Marcius, the CENSORI'NUS (Appius Claudius), is ranked
second and fourth kings of Rome, because the by 'Trebellius Pollio among the thirty tyrants
[comp: AUREOLUS), although the number is com-
CCENS
plete without the addition of his name, and he be-
longs not to the reign of Gallienus, but of Claudius
Gothicus. Censorinus, having devoted his youth
and manhood to a military career, attained to the
highest dignities. He was twice consul, twice
praefect of the praetorium, thrice praefect of the
city, four times proconsul, and discharged at va-
ROMA.
rious periods the duties of numerous inferior ap-
pointments. Full of years, and disabled by an
honourable wound received in the Persian war,
Marcia gens claimed to be descended from Ancus under Valerian, he had retired to pass the evening
Marcius (MARCIA GENS), and the latter was sup- of his days on his estate, when he was suddenly
posed to be the grandson of Numa Pompilius. In proclaimed emperor by a body of mutinous troops,
these three coins Numa is represented with a beard, and invested with the purple at Bologna, in A. D.
270. Having, however, displayed a determination
to enforce strict discipline, he was forth with put to
death by the same soldiers who had raised him to
SC. CENS
a throne. If any genuine medals of this prince
ROMAS
exist, which is very doubtful, they have never been
described with sufficient accuracy to render them
of any historical value, or even to enable us to de
termine whether the names Appius Claudius formed
avon0000-
part of his designation. Birago, in his Numismata
(Mediol. 1683), quotes a Greek coin supposed to
and Ancus without, probably to mark the relation indicate the third year of the reign of Censorinus ;
between them of grandfather and grandson. The but, since no account is given of the place where
obverse of the first contains the inscription NVMAF. it was preserved, it was in all probability a forgery,
POMPILI. ANCL MARCI. , and that of the second especially as we have no reason to believe that the
NVMA. POMPILI. ANCVS. MARCI. The reverse of pretender maintained his authority beyond the space
of a few days. Tillemont supposes, that the Victori-
nus mentioned by the younger Victor as having as-
sumed the purple under Claudius is the same person
with our Censorinus. (Trebell. Pollio, Trig. Tyr. ; Til-
lemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. p. 37. ) (W. R. ]
CCIWSER
CENSORI'NUS, the compiler of a treatise en-
titled de Die Natali, which treats of the generation
the first represents two arches, in one of which of man, of his natal hour, of the influence of the
Victory stands on a pillar, and in the other is the stars and
genii upon his career, and discusses the
prow of a vessel, with the moon above. The re various methods employed for the division and
verse of the second contains two prows also with a calculation of time, together with sundry topics
figure of Victory; and both coins seem to have re- connected with astronomy, mathematics,
geography,
ference to the harbour of Ostia, which was built and music. It affords much valuable information
by Ancus Marcius. The reverse of the third coin with regard to the various systerns of ancient chro
represents a desultor riding with two horses, as he nology, and is constantly referred to by those who
was accustomed to leap from one to another in the bave investigated these topics. The book is dedi-
public games, while they were at full gallop. (Dict
. cated to a certain Q. Cerellius, whom the writer
of Ant. s. v. Desultor. ) The fourth and fifth coins addresses as his patron and benefactor (c. 1), and
are of less importance : the fourth has on the ob- was composed in the year A. D. 238, in the consul-
ship of Ulpius and Pontianus (c. 21).
