His theory is that population increases
Malmström, Bernhard Elis (mälm'strém).
Malmström, Bernhard Elis (mälm'strém).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He
published “Scripture Doctrine of Christian Per-
fection) (1839) in support of perfectionist views.
Mähly, Jakob (mā'lē). A Swiss poet, mis-
cellaneous writer, and classical scholar; born at
Basle, Dec. 24, 1828. He was professor of phi-
lology at Basle in 1863. Besides learned works,
## p. 363 (#379) ############################################
MAIKOV - MAJOR
363
including (Richard Bentley) (1868), (History
of Ancient Literature) (2 vols. , 1880), etc. , he
has written (Rhigmurmel (1856), a volume of
poems in the Basle dialect; the epic poems
Matilda (2d ed. 1862) and “The Earthquake at
Basle) (1856); the idyl (Peace) (1862); stories,
comedies. juveniles, etc.
Maikov, Apollon Nikolaevich (mä-e'kof). A
distinguished Russian poet; born at Moscow,
1821 or 1826. He is probably the first of living
Russian poets. The tone of his writings is
idealistic, and they are marked by great finish
of form. During the Crimean War he published
patriotic poems. His two plays are entitled
(Tri Smerti) (Three Deaths) and (Dva Mira)
(Two Worlds). The fourth edition of his works,
in 3 vols. , appeared in 1884. * (See (Library)
article, Russian Lyric Poetry. ')
Mailáth, János, Count (mi'lät). A Hun-
garian historian and poet; born at Buda-Pesth,
Oct. 3, 1786; died Jan. 3, 1855. His most im-
portant historical works were : (History of the
Austrian Empire) (5 vols. , 1834-50), his master-
piece; “History of the Magyars) (5 vols. , 1828–
31). His chief poetical writings were : (Poems)
(1824) and (Magyar Legends, Narratives, and
Tales) (1826), together with translations from
the German. He and his daughter committed
suicide together.
Maimonides, Moses (mi-mon'i-dēz). A fa-
mous Jewish philosopher and scholar; born at
Cordova, Spain, March 30, 1135; died at Cairo,
Egypt, Dec. 13, 1204. He harmonized Judaism
and philosophy. Driven with his family from
Spain, he resided in Fez; then traveled by way
of Palestine to Cairo, becoming there chief rabbi
and the caliph's physician. His chief work,
written in Hebrew, is 'Mishneh Torah) (Repe-
tition of the Law : 1170-80), a masterly exposi-
tion of the whole of the Jewish law as contained
in the Pentateuch and the voluminous Tal-
mudic literature. His principal philosophical
work, written in Arabic, was Dalalt al Haïrin)
(Guide of the Perplexed : 1190). The estima.
tion in which he is held by the Jews can be
seen in their saying, “From Moses [the law-
giver] to Moses (Maimonides] there is none
like unto Moses. *
Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner. A dis-
tinguished English jurist; born near Leighton,
Aug. 15, 1822; died at Cannes, Feb. 3, 1888. He
was professor of civil law at Cambridge 1847-54;
reader on Roman law at the Inns of Court, Lon-
don, 1852; legal member of the council in India
1862-69; professor of jurisprudence at Oxford
1869-78; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,
1877 ; professor of international law at Cam-
bridge 1887. Among his more noted works
were : (Ancient Law) (1861), an epoch-making
book; (Village Communities) (1871); Popular
Government' (1885); etc.
Maine de Biran, Marie François Pierre
Gonthier (mān de be-ron'). A noted French
philosopher; born at Bergerac, Nov. 29, 1766 ;
died July 16, 1824. He served in Louis XVI. 's
army, and was member of the Council of Five
Hundred in 1797. He was the founder of mod-
ern French spiritualism in philosophy. He
wrote: (Influence of Habit upon the Thinking
Faculty) (1803); (Decomposition of Thought
(1805);( Foundations of Psychology) (1859); etc.
((Works, 3 vols. , edited by Cousin, 1841; 3
vols. additional, by Naville, 1846-59. )
Mair, Charles. A Canadian poet; born in
Lanark, Sept. 21 1840. He is the author of
(Dreamland and Other Poems) (1868). and a
drama entitled (Tecumseh) (1886).
Mairet, Jean de (mā-rā'). A French dram-
atist; born at Besançon, Jan. 4, 1604; died there,
Jan. 31, 1686. The precursor of Corneille, like
him he furthered the purification of the French
stage. He wrote pastorals, tragedies, and tragi.
comedies. Among his most original works
were the pastoral (Silvanire) (1625), and the
first regular French tragedy, (Sophonisbe)
(1629), his best production.
Maistre, Joseph Marie de, Count (māstr or
mātr). A famous French statesman and phil-
osophical and miscellaneous writer; born at
Chambéry, April 1, 1754; died at Turin, Feb.
26, 1821. He was senator of Savoy in 1788;
chancellor of Sardinia 1799; Sardinian minister
at St. Petersburg 1802; minister at Turin 1817.
He wrote: “Thoughts on the French Revolu-
tion) (1796); (Generative Principle of Human
Institutions) (1810); (Examination of Bacon's
Philosophy) (1835; new ed. 1864); etc. (St.
Petersburg Evenings) was published in 1821 ;
and his interesting correspondence in 1851 and
1858. ((Works,' 8 vols. , 1864. )
Maistre, Xavier de, Count. A noted French
soldier, essayist, and novelist, brother of Joseph
Marie; born at Chambéry, October, 1764; died at
St. Petersburg, June 12, 1852. After serving in
Piedmont and Italy (1798-99), going to Russia
he rose to the rank of major-general. His mas-
terpiece was the much-admired Journey Round
my Room! (1794) in Sterne's style, written
while under arrest for fighting a duel. He
wrote besides :(The Siberian Girl' (1815);‘Pris-
oners of the Caucasus) (1815); etc. The charm
of his work is its dainty style, its power of nar-
ration, and its revelations of the author's per-
sonality. *
Maitin, José Antonio (mä-e'tēn). A Vene-
zuelan poet; born in Porto Cabello, 1798; died
in Choroni, 1874. In 1824 he returned from
Havana to his own country, from which he
had Aed on account of persecution, and subse-
quently lived in the valley of Choroni. In 1844
he made a collection of his best poems and
published them under the title (Echoes from
Choroni, and in 1851 a collected edition of all
his works.
Major, Richard Henry. An English historian
and geographer; born in London, 1818; died
there 1891. He was connected with the British
Museum Library 1844-80; honorary secretary
of the Hakluyt Society 1849-58 ; and vice-
president of the Royal Geographical Society.
He wrote (Life of Prince Henry of Portugal)
:
:
## p. 364 (#380) ############################################
364
MALABARI - MALLOCK
(1868), “The Discoveries of Prince Henry and
their Results) (1877); edited 'Select Letters of
Christopher Columbus) (1847); etc.
Malabari, Behramji Merwanji (mä-lä-bä'rē).
An eminent social reformer of India, and a
poet; born (Mehta) at Baroda, 1853. He has
given his fortune and his life to bettering the
condition of women in India by the abolition
of infant marriage and enforced widowhood.
He is editor and proprietor of the Indian Spec-
tator and the Voice of India. Among his works
are the fine Niti Vinod,' etc. , in verse ; 'Gujarat
and Gujaratis, liked for its picturesque and
humorous style; various political and ethical
productions; etc.
Malcolm, Sir John. A distinguished British
soldier, statesman, and historian; born at Burn-
foot, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, May 2, 1769; died
in London, May 30, 1833. Employed by the
East India Company, he distinguished himself
as a fighter, diplomatist, and ruler; was presi-
dent of Mysore 1803; won the important bat-
tle of Mehidpur over the Mahrattas in 1817;
was governor of Malwa 1818–22; of Bombay
1827-30; Member of Parliament 1831-32. He
wrote among others : (Political History of
India' (1811); "History of Persia' (2 vols. , 1815),
which is still an authority; Memoir of Cen-
tral India' (1823); and above all, “Sketches of
Persia) (1827), still read, and a mine of good
stories, legends, travel sketches, descriptions
of Oriental life and ceremonial, and manly
sense and thought.
Malczewski, Antoni (mäl-chev'skē). A noted
Polish poet; born at Warsaw, about 1793;
died there, May 2, 1826. The merit of his
works, which were marked by a deeply reli-
gious spirit, was not recognized till after his
death. His masterpiece, the famous epic
Marya) (Maria : 1825), has been several times
edited and translated into English (London,
1836), French, German, and Bohemian. The
tomb erected to him at Varsovia bears the in-
scription : "To the author of Maria. ” He died
in abject poverty.
Malebranche, Nicolas (mäl-bronsh'). A fa-
mous French philosopher; born in Paris, Aug.
6, 1638; died there, Oct. 13, 1715. The keynote
of his philosophy is to be found in his cele-
brated principle, "We see all things in God. ”
His chief work, containing the substance of
his whole philosophy, was (Search for Truth)
(1674). Other works were: (Of Nature and
Grace) (1680); (Christian and Metaphysical
Meditations) (1683); (Treatise Ethics)
(1684); etc. Imbued with a deep piety, he felt
it to be of the utmost importance to effect a
reconciliation between philosophy and religion.
(“Works, 11 vols. , 1712; last ed. 1859-71. )
Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de La-
moignon de (mäl-zãrb'). A famous French
statesman and miscellaneous writer; born in
Paris, Dec. 6, 1721; was guillotined there, April
22, 1794. He was censor of the press and
president of the excise court 1750–71; Minister
of the Interior 1774-76; Louis XVI. 's counsel
before the Convention 1792-93. He wrote
(Public Law of France) (1779); (Thoughts
and Maxims) (1802); Book Selling and the
Liberty of the Press) (2d ed. 1827); etc. The
second edition of his Unpublished Works)
appeared in 1822.
Malet, Lucas. Pseudonym of Mary St. Leger
Harrison, an English novelist, youngest daugh.
ter of Charles Kingsley; born 1852, and now
wife of Rev. W. Harrison, rector of Clovelly,
England. Her novels include: Colonel En.
derby's Wife); (A Counsel of Perfection ;
"Little Peter); Mrs. Lorimer); (The Wages
of Sin); etc.
Malherbe, François de (mä-lårb). A fa.
mous French poet; born at Caen, 1555; died
in Paris, Oct. 16, 1628. He became court poet
in 1605. He was the inaugurator of French
classicism, and made Parisian French the
standard for the kingdom. His poems were
marked by purity of diction and harmony of
versification, rather than by great poetic feeling.
Besides translations from Latin, he wrote but
one volume of poetry, containing (Stanzas,
(Odes,' (Sonnets, Epigrams,' and Songs.
The best edition of his works is in Lalanne's
(Great Writers) (Paris, 5 vols. , 1860-65).
Mallery, Garrick. An American ethnolo-
gist; born in Wilkesbarre, Pa. , April 23, 1831;
died 1894. His published works in part are :
(A Calendar of the Dakota Nation (1877);
'Sign Language among the North American
Indians compared with That among Other
Peoples and Deaf Mutes) (1881). He has
besides contributed much to periodicals.
Mallet, originally Malloch, David (mal'et
or mal'loch). A Scottish poet and dramatist;
born at Crieff, Perthshire, about 1700; died in
England, April 21, 1765. He was under-secre-
tary to the Prince of Wales, and a friend of
Pope, Bolingbroke, and other celebrities of the
time. He wrote in verse' The Excursion) (1728);
(The Hermit) (1747); Edwin and Emma'
(1760); the tragedies (Eurydice) (1731), (Mus-
tapha' (1739) ; etc. The famous English patri-
otic song (Rule Britannia) appeared in (Al-
fred : a Masque (1740), written with James
Thomson ; its authorship has been claimed for
each.
Mallian, Julien de (mä-yän'). A West-
Indian dramatist ; born in Le Moule, Guade-
loupe, 1805; died in Paris, 1851. He gained
wide reputation as a writer of comedies and
dramas, many of which have been presented on
the metropolitan stage. The most popular are :
(Two Roses) (1831), a historical drama of the
civil wars in England; (The Carpenter) (1831),
a comedy; and (The Wandering Jew) (1834).
Mallock, William Hurrell. A distinguished
English essayist, novelist, and poet; born in
Devonshire, 1849. He is a nephew of Froude
the historian. Among his best-known works
are : (The New Republic) (1877), and "Is Life
Worth Living? ) (1879). His novels are (A
Romance of the Nineteenth Century'; (The
on
## p. 365 (#381) ############################################
MALMESBURY - MANETHO
365
>
Old Order Changeth); (A Human Document); ographer and publicist ; born at Thisted, Den-
and (The Heart of Life. He has published mark, Aug. 12, 1775; died in Paris, Dec. 14,
two volumes of poems; and a great number of 1826. Banished from his native country in 1800,
magazine articles, some of which have been he resided in Paris. His great work was “Epit.
collected under the titles (Social Equality) ome of Universal Geography) (1810-29; latest
(1882), Property Progress, and Poverty' (1884) ed. , 6 vols. , 1872). He also founded the (An-
and Classes and Masses; or Wealth and nals of Travels, Geography, and History)
Wages in the United Kingdom (1896). He (1808-14); collaborated in Mathematical, Phys-
credits industrial progress to intellect, not ical, and Political Geography' (16 vols. , 1804-7)
labor. *
and (Dictionary of Universal Geography) (8
Malmesbury, William of. A noted English
vols. , 1821); wrote (Scientific and Literary Mis-
historian; born in Somersetshire, about 1095;
cellanies) (3 vols. , 1828); etc.
died at Malmesbury, about 1143.
He was a
Malthus, Thomas Robert. A famous Eng.
monk, and librarian of the monastery of lish political economist; born near Guildford,
Malmesbury. Of his great work, “History of the Surrey, Feb. 17, 1766; died at St. Catherine's,
Kings of England, which next to the "Saxon
near Bath, Dec. 23, 1834. He was professor of
Chronicle) is the highest authority for Anglo- history and political economy at Haileybury
Saxon times, and its continuation (Modern His.
College (1805). His celebrated “Malthusian
tory,' both in Latin, the latest and best edition doctrine,” as it is called, was announced in
is Hardy's (1840). The latest English transla-
Principle of Population) (1798; revised ed.
tion of the former is in Bohn's Library (1847). 1803).
His theory is that population increases
Malmström, Bernhard Elis (mälm'strém).
faster than the means of subsistence; so that
A Swedish poet and historian of literature;
the increase in population must in some way
born at Nerike, March 14, 1816; died at Upsala,
be checked. A ninth edition appeared in 1888.
June 21, 1865. He was professor of æsthetics Mamiani della Rovere, Terenzio, Count
and literature at Upsala in 1858. He published : (mä-me-ä'nē del'lä rõ'vā-rā). A distinguished
(Poems) (1845-47; latest ed. 1889); (Ariadne) Italian statesman, educator, and philosophical
(1889), of which many editions have appeared ; writer; born at Pesaro, about 1800; died at
the prose work History of Swedish Litera-
Rome, May 21, 1885. He was imprisoned and
ture! (5 vols. , 1866-68); etc. Much of his exiled for taking part in the revolution at Bo-
poetry has great perfection of form. (Works, logna in 1831 ; made Minister of the Interior
8 vols. , 1866-69).
in 1848; Minister of Public Instruction in 1860;
Malone, Edmund. A noted Irish Shakes- Minister to Athens. He wrote numerous and
pearean scholar and editor; born at Dublin, Oct. important books, among which are : "Confes-
4, 1741; died in London, April 25, 1812. He was sions of a Metaphysician) (2d ed. 1865); “The
originally a lawyer. He edited the works of Religion of the Future) (1879); (Social Ques-
Sir Joshua Reynolds (1797), Dryden (1800), tions) (1882); etc.
W. G. Hamilton (1808), with memoirs; he wrote Mandeville, Bernard. A Dutch-English
also a "History of the English Stage) (1790).
medical and miscellaneous writer; born at
He is chiefly known for his edition of Shakes-
Dordrecht about 1670; died in London, Jan.
peare (11 vols. , 1790); and for having collected
the material of the Variorum Shakespeare,
21, 1733. He was a physician in London. He
wrote: “Esop Dressed' (1704), being fables in
edited by James Boswell (21 vols. , 1821).
verse; (Treatise of the Hypochondriac and
Malory, Sir Thomas. The British author Hysteric Passions) (1711); (Free Thoughts on
of the famous Morte d'Arthur); born prob- Religion (1720); etc. His Fable of the Bees;
ably about 1430; died after 1470. He was or, Private Vices Public Benefits) (2d ed. 1723)
probably a priest. The Morte d'Arthur) (1469 was presented as a nuisance by the grand jury
or 1470) is a prose collection of the romantic of Middlesex in 1723.
traditions concerning King Arthur and the
Mandeville, Sir John. A noted (and proba-
Knights of the Round Table. It was the main
bly imaginary) English traveler, who or whose
source upon which Tennyson drew in writing
inventor tourished in the fourteenth century.
his "Idylls of the King. The latest editions
He was the reputed author of a popular book
are Sommer's 1890-91 (the standard), and Dent's,
of travels of that century, the writer of which
with a preface by Professor Rhys (1893). *
claimed to have visited Turkey, Armenia, Tar-
Malot, Hector (mä-lo'). A French novel- tary, Persia, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Ethi-
ist; born near Rouen, May 20, 1830. He has opia, Chaldea, Amazonia, and India; to have
been a prolific writer. Of his numerous works been in the service of the Sultan of Egypt; etc.
the best known are: (The Victims of Love, It is in fact a most entertaining and curious
in three parts ; (The Lovers) (1859); "Husband compilation of legends, miracles, and wonder-
and Wife) (1865); (The Children (1866); (Doc- stories from many sources, pressed into the
tor Claude) (1879); (Accomplices) (1892); “In service of Christianity and its miracle-working
the Bosom of the Family) (1893) ; etc. Most powers. *
of his books treat of French life under the
Manetho (man'e-tho). An Egyptian priest
Second Empire.
and annalist; born at Sebennytus, in Lower
Malte-Brun, Conrad (mält-brun'), originally Egypt; lived about 250 B. C. He composed
Malte Conrad Brunn. A famous French ge- three books in Greek, which purported to give
(
,
## p. 366 (#382) ############################################
366
MANGAN-MANZANO
Manrique, Jorge (män-rēkā). A famous
Spanish poet; died 1479. He belonged to one
of the oldest and most distinguished families
in Spain. His chief work was an ode on his
father's death (1492), now known as “Coplas
de Manrique' (Manrique's Stanzas), one of
the most touching poems in the Spanish lan-
guage. It has often been reprinted, and was
translated into English by Longfellow. Sev-
eral of his love poems also have come down
to us.
the history of Egypt from the mythical period
downward; but only fragments remain, im-
bedded in the works of Josephus and other
writers. His writings, coming down through
translations and transliterations of Syncellus,
Eusebius, Jerome, and Africanus, have been
the chief source of information as to the suc-
cessive dynasties of Egypt; and with the in-
scriptions coming to light, assist archæologists
in framing its chronology.
Mangan, James Clarence. An Irish poet;
born at Dublin, May 1, 1803; died in Meath
Ilospital, June 20, 1849. His work shows great
command of language and skill in versification.
He published volumes entitled : (Romances and
Ballads of Ireland (1850); 'German Anthology'
(1849); (Poets and Poetry of Munster) (1849);
etc. A selection of his poems, edited by Louise
Imogen Guiney, appeared 1897. *
Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Rivière. An Eng-
lish novelist; born in the island of Guernsey,
1672; died at Lambeth Hill, July 11, 1724. She
was daughter of Sir Roger Manley. She pub-
lished (The New Atlantis (1709), a scandalous
satire on distinguished public characters, for
which she was arrested for libel, but discharged.
She published a key to it entitled "Memoirs of
Europe) (1710). She wrote also (The Power
of Love, in Seven Novels) (1720), etc.
Mann, Horace. A noted American educator
and educational writer; born in Franklin, Mass. ,
May 4, 1796; died in Yellow Springs, O. , Aug.
2, 1859. He was Member of Congress from
Massachusetts, 1848–53; president of Antioch
College, 1852–59. He was one of the foremost
men in educational reform; and published, be-
sides his educational lectures and voluminous
controversial writings, A Few Thoughts for a
Young Man' (1850); (Slavery: Letters and
Speeches) (1851); and Powers and Duties of
Woman' (1853).
Mann, Mary Tyler (Peabody). An Ameri-
can writer, wife of Horace Mann; born in
Cambridgeport, Mass. , Nov. 16, 1806; died in
Jamaica Plain, Mass. , Feb. II, 1887. Her pub-
lished works are: Flower People) (1838);
Culture in Infancy) (1863); Life of Horace
Mann) (1865); Juanita, a Romance of Real
Life in Cuba,' published after her death.
Manning, Henry Edward, Cardinal. A dis-
tinguished English Roman Catholic prelate and
religious writer; born at Totteridge, Hertford-
shire, July 15, 1808; died Jan. 14, 1892. Origi-
nally a clergyman of the Church of England,
in which he rose to be archdeacon of Chiches-
ter (1840), he became a Roman Catholic priest
in 1851; archbishop of Westminster in 1865;
cardinal in 1875. He founded the Roman Cath-
olic University of Kensington in 1874. He was
a friend of the laboring classes. He wrote:
(Unity of the Church) (1842); (Temporal Mis-
sion of the Holy Ghost) (3d ed. 1877); (The
Catholic Church and Modern Society) ( 1880 );
(The Eternal Priesthood” (1883); (Religio Via-
toris' (A Traveler's Religion : 3d ed. 1888); etc.
Mansel, Henry Longueville. A distin
guished English metaphysician; born at Cos-
grove, Northamptonshire, Oct. 6, 1820; died
there, July 30, 1871. He was dean of St. Paul's,
London, in 1868. A follower of Sir William
Hamilton, he developed his philosophy still
further. His chief works were : (Prolegomena
Logica! (Introduction to Logic: 1851); the
article on (Metaphysics) in the "Encyclopædia
Britannica' (1857); Bampton Lectures) (1858);
Philosophy of the Conditioned) (1866); etc.
Mansfield, Edward Deering. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born at
New Haven, Conn. , Aug. 17, 1801 ; died at Mor-
row, O. , Oct. 27, 1880. He wrote: (Political
Grammar) (1834); "Life of General Scott!
(1846); Legal Rights of Women (1847); His-
tory of the Mexican War) (1848); American
Education (1850); (Personal Memoirs (1879);
(Utility of Mathematics); etc. He was for
many years a contributor to the New York
press over the signature «Veteran Observer. ”
Mansilla de Garcia, Eduarda (män-sel'yä
dā gär-the’ä). An Argentine novelist; born
(Mansilla) at Buenos Ayres, 1838. She married
Manuel Garcia, a diplomatist, in 1855. She has
written : (The Physician of St. Louis); Lucia
Miranda); Paul; or, Life on the Pampas!
(translated into French); etc. , all descriptive
of Argentine customs or historical episodes.
Mant, Richard. A distinguished English
clergyman and religious writer; born at South-
ampton, Feb. 12, 1776; died at Ballymoney, Ire-
land, Nov. 2, 1848. He was bishop in the Irish
church. He is best known as one of the authors
of the (Annotated Bible) (3 vols. , 1814), known
as D'Oyly and Mant's, which had an immense
circulation. He wrote also: Ancient Hymns)
(1837); History of the Church of Ireland
(1840); etc.
Manuel, Don Juan (mä-nö-el'). A Spanish
prince and famous miscellaneous writer; born
at Escalona, 1282; died 1347 or 1349. Holding
the highest offices in the State,- being joint
regent of Spain in 1320,- and twice in arms
against his king, as well as commander-in-chief
against the Moors, his life was a stormy one.
He was one of the first and best of Spanish
prose-writers. He is best known by 'El Conde
Lucanor) (Count Lucanor : 1575), a collection of
fifty tales in the Eastern style. It was trans-
lated into English by James York (new ed. 1888).
Manzano, Juan Francisco (man-thah'no ).
A Cuban poet ; born in Havana, in 1797; died
.
## p. 367 (#383) ############################################
MANZONI – MARGUERITE D'ANGOULÊME
367
:
in 1854. A negro, born in slavery, and remain-
ing in servitude for forty years, he obtained his
education with great difficulty. While still a
slave he succeeded in publishing a small vol-
ume of poems entitled (Passing Flowers. His
drama (Zafira) was published in 1842. Some
of his poems have been translated into French
and German.
Manzoni, Alessandro, Count (män-tsõ'nē).
A famous Italian novelist and poet; born at
Milan, March 7, 1785; died there, May 22, 1873.
He became senator in 1860. He was the leader
of the Italian romantic school. His most cele-
brated work was the romance (I Promessi
Sposi” (The Betrothed : 1827; English transla-
tion in Bohn's Library, 1883). He wrote also
the allegorical poem (Urania) (1807), in honor
of poetry; (Sacred Hymns) (1815); the great
tragedies (The Count of Carmagnola) (1820)
and (Adelchi? (1822); the famous ode on Na-
poleon's death, (The Fifth of May); etc.
(Latest edition of his works, 2 vols. , 1875-81. ) *
Map or Mapes, Walter. A British theo-
logian, satirist, and poet; born in Gloucester-
shire or Herefordshire, about 1140; died about
1210. He was archdeacon of Oxford in 1197.
He wrote: (De Nugis Curialium (Courtiers'
Triflings : 1182–92). Probably the Lancelot story
in the Arthurian legends is based on an Anglo-
French poem by him; and the legends gener-
ally have been thought to be largely his work.
Maquet, Auguste (mä-kā'). A French nov-
elist and playwright; born in Paris, Sept. 13,
1813; died at Ste. Mesme, Jan. 8, 1888. He
was professor at the Collège Charlemagne in
1831. He collaborated with the elder Dumas
in some of his novels. He wrote alone (most
of them in both novel and play form): (Beau-
tiful Gabrielle) (1853), with its sequel (The
Bather's House) (1856 ); (The White Rose)
(1859); (Journey to the Country of the Blue )
(1859); the play (The Bercheny Hussar) (1865),
which was very successful; etc.
March, Ausias or Augustin (märch). A cel-
ebrated Spanish poet ; born 1390 (? ); died about
1460. He is the best of all the Catalan poets.
Of his works now extant are ninety-three (Love
Songs); eight (Laments); fourteen Moral
Poems); a fine (Song of Devotion); etc. He
has been called “the Petrarch of Catalonia. ”
(Latest edition of his works, Barcelona, 1884. )
Marchand, Félix Gabriel. A Canadian jour-
nalist and dramatist; born at St. John's, P. Q. ,
Jan. 9, 1832. Among his works are the prose
comedies (Fatenville) and Mistakes Don't
Count); the comedies in verse (One Good For-
tune Brings Another) and "The Paste Dia-
monds); also a comic opera, «The University
Laureate.
Marco Polo. See Polo, Marco.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. See Aurelius,
Marcus.
Marden, Orison Swett. An American bi-
ographer; born in New Hampshire, 1848. His
home is in Boston. He has written Pushing
to the Front) and Architects of Fate, collec-
tions of short biographies.
Maréchal, Pierre Sylvain (mä-rā-shäl). A
French atheistical writer; born in Paris, Aug.
15, 1750; died at Montrouge, near Paris, Jan.
18, 1803. He was originally a lawyer. He pub-
lished "Fragments of a Moral Poem on God'
(1781), modeled upon Lucretius. A parody on
the Psalms (1784) cost him his position as sub-
librarian of the Collège Mazarin. He wrote
an (Almanac of Honest People (1788), sub-
stituting a list of names of his own invention
for the usual calendar of saints; with the as-
tronomer Lalande a Dictionary of Atheists)
(1800); etc.
Marek, Jan Jindric (mä'rek). A Bohe-
mian novelist and poet; born at Liblin, Nov.
4, 1801 ; died at Kralovice, Nov. 3, 1853. He
became a priest in 1826.
published “Scripture Doctrine of Christian Per-
fection) (1839) in support of perfectionist views.
Mähly, Jakob (mā'lē). A Swiss poet, mis-
cellaneous writer, and classical scholar; born at
Basle, Dec. 24, 1828. He was professor of phi-
lology at Basle in 1863. Besides learned works,
## p. 363 (#379) ############################################
MAIKOV - MAJOR
363
including (Richard Bentley) (1868), (History
of Ancient Literature) (2 vols. , 1880), etc. , he
has written (Rhigmurmel (1856), a volume of
poems in the Basle dialect; the epic poems
Matilda (2d ed. 1862) and “The Earthquake at
Basle) (1856); the idyl (Peace) (1862); stories,
comedies. juveniles, etc.
Maikov, Apollon Nikolaevich (mä-e'kof). A
distinguished Russian poet; born at Moscow,
1821 or 1826. He is probably the first of living
Russian poets. The tone of his writings is
idealistic, and they are marked by great finish
of form. During the Crimean War he published
patriotic poems. His two plays are entitled
(Tri Smerti) (Three Deaths) and (Dva Mira)
(Two Worlds). The fourth edition of his works,
in 3 vols. , appeared in 1884. * (See (Library)
article, Russian Lyric Poetry. ')
Mailáth, János, Count (mi'lät). A Hun-
garian historian and poet; born at Buda-Pesth,
Oct. 3, 1786; died Jan. 3, 1855. His most im-
portant historical works were : (History of the
Austrian Empire) (5 vols. , 1834-50), his master-
piece; “History of the Magyars) (5 vols. , 1828–
31). His chief poetical writings were : (Poems)
(1824) and (Magyar Legends, Narratives, and
Tales) (1826), together with translations from
the German. He and his daughter committed
suicide together.
Maimonides, Moses (mi-mon'i-dēz). A fa-
mous Jewish philosopher and scholar; born at
Cordova, Spain, March 30, 1135; died at Cairo,
Egypt, Dec. 13, 1204. He harmonized Judaism
and philosophy. Driven with his family from
Spain, he resided in Fez; then traveled by way
of Palestine to Cairo, becoming there chief rabbi
and the caliph's physician. His chief work,
written in Hebrew, is 'Mishneh Torah) (Repe-
tition of the Law : 1170-80), a masterly exposi-
tion of the whole of the Jewish law as contained
in the Pentateuch and the voluminous Tal-
mudic literature. His principal philosophical
work, written in Arabic, was Dalalt al Haïrin)
(Guide of the Perplexed : 1190). The estima.
tion in which he is held by the Jews can be
seen in their saying, “From Moses [the law-
giver] to Moses (Maimonides] there is none
like unto Moses. *
Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner. A dis-
tinguished English jurist; born near Leighton,
Aug. 15, 1822; died at Cannes, Feb. 3, 1888. He
was professor of civil law at Cambridge 1847-54;
reader on Roman law at the Inns of Court, Lon-
don, 1852; legal member of the council in India
1862-69; professor of jurisprudence at Oxford
1869-78; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,
1877 ; professor of international law at Cam-
bridge 1887. Among his more noted works
were : (Ancient Law) (1861), an epoch-making
book; (Village Communities) (1871); Popular
Government' (1885); etc.
Maine de Biran, Marie François Pierre
Gonthier (mān de be-ron'). A noted French
philosopher; born at Bergerac, Nov. 29, 1766 ;
died July 16, 1824. He served in Louis XVI. 's
army, and was member of the Council of Five
Hundred in 1797. He was the founder of mod-
ern French spiritualism in philosophy. He
wrote: (Influence of Habit upon the Thinking
Faculty) (1803); (Decomposition of Thought
(1805);( Foundations of Psychology) (1859); etc.
((Works, 3 vols. , edited by Cousin, 1841; 3
vols. additional, by Naville, 1846-59. )
Mair, Charles. A Canadian poet; born in
Lanark, Sept. 21 1840. He is the author of
(Dreamland and Other Poems) (1868). and a
drama entitled (Tecumseh) (1886).
Mairet, Jean de (mā-rā'). A French dram-
atist; born at Besançon, Jan. 4, 1604; died there,
Jan. 31, 1686. The precursor of Corneille, like
him he furthered the purification of the French
stage. He wrote pastorals, tragedies, and tragi.
comedies. Among his most original works
were the pastoral (Silvanire) (1625), and the
first regular French tragedy, (Sophonisbe)
(1629), his best production.
Maistre, Joseph Marie de, Count (māstr or
mātr). A famous French statesman and phil-
osophical and miscellaneous writer; born at
Chambéry, April 1, 1754; died at Turin, Feb.
26, 1821. He was senator of Savoy in 1788;
chancellor of Sardinia 1799; Sardinian minister
at St. Petersburg 1802; minister at Turin 1817.
He wrote: “Thoughts on the French Revolu-
tion) (1796); (Generative Principle of Human
Institutions) (1810); (Examination of Bacon's
Philosophy) (1835; new ed. 1864); etc. (St.
Petersburg Evenings) was published in 1821 ;
and his interesting correspondence in 1851 and
1858. ((Works,' 8 vols. , 1864. )
Maistre, Xavier de, Count. A noted French
soldier, essayist, and novelist, brother of Joseph
Marie; born at Chambéry, October, 1764; died at
St. Petersburg, June 12, 1852. After serving in
Piedmont and Italy (1798-99), going to Russia
he rose to the rank of major-general. His mas-
terpiece was the much-admired Journey Round
my Room! (1794) in Sterne's style, written
while under arrest for fighting a duel. He
wrote besides :(The Siberian Girl' (1815);‘Pris-
oners of the Caucasus) (1815); etc. The charm
of his work is its dainty style, its power of nar-
ration, and its revelations of the author's per-
sonality. *
Maitin, José Antonio (mä-e'tēn). A Vene-
zuelan poet; born in Porto Cabello, 1798; died
in Choroni, 1874. In 1824 he returned from
Havana to his own country, from which he
had Aed on account of persecution, and subse-
quently lived in the valley of Choroni. In 1844
he made a collection of his best poems and
published them under the title (Echoes from
Choroni, and in 1851 a collected edition of all
his works.
Major, Richard Henry. An English historian
and geographer; born in London, 1818; died
there 1891. He was connected with the British
Museum Library 1844-80; honorary secretary
of the Hakluyt Society 1849-58 ; and vice-
president of the Royal Geographical Society.
He wrote (Life of Prince Henry of Portugal)
:
:
## p. 364 (#380) ############################################
364
MALABARI - MALLOCK
(1868), “The Discoveries of Prince Henry and
their Results) (1877); edited 'Select Letters of
Christopher Columbus) (1847); etc.
Malabari, Behramji Merwanji (mä-lä-bä'rē).
An eminent social reformer of India, and a
poet; born (Mehta) at Baroda, 1853. He has
given his fortune and his life to bettering the
condition of women in India by the abolition
of infant marriage and enforced widowhood.
He is editor and proprietor of the Indian Spec-
tator and the Voice of India. Among his works
are the fine Niti Vinod,' etc. , in verse ; 'Gujarat
and Gujaratis, liked for its picturesque and
humorous style; various political and ethical
productions; etc.
Malcolm, Sir John. A distinguished British
soldier, statesman, and historian; born at Burn-
foot, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, May 2, 1769; died
in London, May 30, 1833. Employed by the
East India Company, he distinguished himself
as a fighter, diplomatist, and ruler; was presi-
dent of Mysore 1803; won the important bat-
tle of Mehidpur over the Mahrattas in 1817;
was governor of Malwa 1818–22; of Bombay
1827-30; Member of Parliament 1831-32. He
wrote among others : (Political History of
India' (1811); "History of Persia' (2 vols. , 1815),
which is still an authority; Memoir of Cen-
tral India' (1823); and above all, “Sketches of
Persia) (1827), still read, and a mine of good
stories, legends, travel sketches, descriptions
of Oriental life and ceremonial, and manly
sense and thought.
Malczewski, Antoni (mäl-chev'skē). A noted
Polish poet; born at Warsaw, about 1793;
died there, May 2, 1826. The merit of his
works, which were marked by a deeply reli-
gious spirit, was not recognized till after his
death. His masterpiece, the famous epic
Marya) (Maria : 1825), has been several times
edited and translated into English (London,
1836), French, German, and Bohemian. The
tomb erected to him at Varsovia bears the in-
scription : "To the author of Maria. ” He died
in abject poverty.
Malebranche, Nicolas (mäl-bronsh'). A fa-
mous French philosopher; born in Paris, Aug.
6, 1638; died there, Oct. 13, 1715. The keynote
of his philosophy is to be found in his cele-
brated principle, "We see all things in God. ”
His chief work, containing the substance of
his whole philosophy, was (Search for Truth)
(1674). Other works were: (Of Nature and
Grace) (1680); (Christian and Metaphysical
Meditations) (1683); (Treatise Ethics)
(1684); etc. Imbued with a deep piety, he felt
it to be of the utmost importance to effect a
reconciliation between philosophy and religion.
(“Works, 11 vols. , 1712; last ed. 1859-71. )
Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de La-
moignon de (mäl-zãrb'). A famous French
statesman and miscellaneous writer; born in
Paris, Dec. 6, 1721; was guillotined there, April
22, 1794. He was censor of the press and
president of the excise court 1750–71; Minister
of the Interior 1774-76; Louis XVI. 's counsel
before the Convention 1792-93. He wrote
(Public Law of France) (1779); (Thoughts
and Maxims) (1802); Book Selling and the
Liberty of the Press) (2d ed. 1827); etc. The
second edition of his Unpublished Works)
appeared in 1822.
Malet, Lucas. Pseudonym of Mary St. Leger
Harrison, an English novelist, youngest daugh.
ter of Charles Kingsley; born 1852, and now
wife of Rev. W. Harrison, rector of Clovelly,
England. Her novels include: Colonel En.
derby's Wife); (A Counsel of Perfection ;
"Little Peter); Mrs. Lorimer); (The Wages
of Sin); etc.
Malherbe, François de (mä-lårb). A fa.
mous French poet; born at Caen, 1555; died
in Paris, Oct. 16, 1628. He became court poet
in 1605. He was the inaugurator of French
classicism, and made Parisian French the
standard for the kingdom. His poems were
marked by purity of diction and harmony of
versification, rather than by great poetic feeling.
Besides translations from Latin, he wrote but
one volume of poetry, containing (Stanzas,
(Odes,' (Sonnets, Epigrams,' and Songs.
The best edition of his works is in Lalanne's
(Great Writers) (Paris, 5 vols. , 1860-65).
Mallery, Garrick. An American ethnolo-
gist; born in Wilkesbarre, Pa. , April 23, 1831;
died 1894. His published works in part are :
(A Calendar of the Dakota Nation (1877);
'Sign Language among the North American
Indians compared with That among Other
Peoples and Deaf Mutes) (1881). He has
besides contributed much to periodicals.
Mallet, originally Malloch, David (mal'et
or mal'loch). A Scottish poet and dramatist;
born at Crieff, Perthshire, about 1700; died in
England, April 21, 1765. He was under-secre-
tary to the Prince of Wales, and a friend of
Pope, Bolingbroke, and other celebrities of the
time. He wrote in verse' The Excursion) (1728);
(The Hermit) (1747); Edwin and Emma'
(1760); the tragedies (Eurydice) (1731), (Mus-
tapha' (1739) ; etc. The famous English patri-
otic song (Rule Britannia) appeared in (Al-
fred : a Masque (1740), written with James
Thomson ; its authorship has been claimed for
each.
Mallian, Julien de (mä-yän'). A West-
Indian dramatist ; born in Le Moule, Guade-
loupe, 1805; died in Paris, 1851. He gained
wide reputation as a writer of comedies and
dramas, many of which have been presented on
the metropolitan stage. The most popular are :
(Two Roses) (1831), a historical drama of the
civil wars in England; (The Carpenter) (1831),
a comedy; and (The Wandering Jew) (1834).
Mallock, William Hurrell. A distinguished
English essayist, novelist, and poet; born in
Devonshire, 1849. He is a nephew of Froude
the historian. Among his best-known works
are : (The New Republic) (1877), and "Is Life
Worth Living? ) (1879). His novels are (A
Romance of the Nineteenth Century'; (The
on
## p. 365 (#381) ############################################
MALMESBURY - MANETHO
365
>
Old Order Changeth); (A Human Document); ographer and publicist ; born at Thisted, Den-
and (The Heart of Life. He has published mark, Aug. 12, 1775; died in Paris, Dec. 14,
two volumes of poems; and a great number of 1826. Banished from his native country in 1800,
magazine articles, some of which have been he resided in Paris. His great work was “Epit.
collected under the titles (Social Equality) ome of Universal Geography) (1810-29; latest
(1882), Property Progress, and Poverty' (1884) ed. , 6 vols. , 1872). He also founded the (An-
and Classes and Masses; or Wealth and nals of Travels, Geography, and History)
Wages in the United Kingdom (1896). He (1808-14); collaborated in Mathematical, Phys-
credits industrial progress to intellect, not ical, and Political Geography' (16 vols. , 1804-7)
labor. *
and (Dictionary of Universal Geography) (8
Malmesbury, William of. A noted English
vols. , 1821); wrote (Scientific and Literary Mis-
historian; born in Somersetshire, about 1095;
cellanies) (3 vols. , 1828); etc.
died at Malmesbury, about 1143.
He was a
Malthus, Thomas Robert. A famous Eng.
monk, and librarian of the monastery of lish political economist; born near Guildford,
Malmesbury. Of his great work, “History of the Surrey, Feb. 17, 1766; died at St. Catherine's,
Kings of England, which next to the "Saxon
near Bath, Dec. 23, 1834. He was professor of
Chronicle) is the highest authority for Anglo- history and political economy at Haileybury
Saxon times, and its continuation (Modern His.
College (1805). His celebrated “Malthusian
tory,' both in Latin, the latest and best edition doctrine,” as it is called, was announced in
is Hardy's (1840). The latest English transla-
Principle of Population) (1798; revised ed.
tion of the former is in Bohn's Library (1847). 1803).
His theory is that population increases
Malmström, Bernhard Elis (mälm'strém).
faster than the means of subsistence; so that
A Swedish poet and historian of literature;
the increase in population must in some way
born at Nerike, March 14, 1816; died at Upsala,
be checked. A ninth edition appeared in 1888.
June 21, 1865. He was professor of æsthetics Mamiani della Rovere, Terenzio, Count
and literature at Upsala in 1858. He published : (mä-me-ä'nē del'lä rõ'vā-rā). A distinguished
(Poems) (1845-47; latest ed. 1889); (Ariadne) Italian statesman, educator, and philosophical
(1889), of which many editions have appeared ; writer; born at Pesaro, about 1800; died at
the prose work History of Swedish Litera-
Rome, May 21, 1885. He was imprisoned and
ture! (5 vols. , 1866-68); etc. Much of his exiled for taking part in the revolution at Bo-
poetry has great perfection of form. (Works, logna in 1831 ; made Minister of the Interior
8 vols. , 1866-69).
in 1848; Minister of Public Instruction in 1860;
Malone, Edmund. A noted Irish Shakes- Minister to Athens. He wrote numerous and
pearean scholar and editor; born at Dublin, Oct. important books, among which are : "Confes-
4, 1741; died in London, April 25, 1812. He was sions of a Metaphysician) (2d ed. 1865); “The
originally a lawyer. He edited the works of Religion of the Future) (1879); (Social Ques-
Sir Joshua Reynolds (1797), Dryden (1800), tions) (1882); etc.
W. G. Hamilton (1808), with memoirs; he wrote Mandeville, Bernard. A Dutch-English
also a "History of the English Stage) (1790).
medical and miscellaneous writer; born at
He is chiefly known for his edition of Shakes-
Dordrecht about 1670; died in London, Jan.
peare (11 vols. , 1790); and for having collected
the material of the Variorum Shakespeare,
21, 1733. He was a physician in London. He
wrote: “Esop Dressed' (1704), being fables in
edited by James Boswell (21 vols. , 1821).
verse; (Treatise of the Hypochondriac and
Malory, Sir Thomas. The British author Hysteric Passions) (1711); (Free Thoughts on
of the famous Morte d'Arthur); born prob- Religion (1720); etc. His Fable of the Bees;
ably about 1430; died after 1470. He was or, Private Vices Public Benefits) (2d ed. 1723)
probably a priest. The Morte d'Arthur) (1469 was presented as a nuisance by the grand jury
or 1470) is a prose collection of the romantic of Middlesex in 1723.
traditions concerning King Arthur and the
Mandeville, Sir John. A noted (and proba-
Knights of the Round Table. It was the main
bly imaginary) English traveler, who or whose
source upon which Tennyson drew in writing
inventor tourished in the fourteenth century.
his "Idylls of the King. The latest editions
He was the reputed author of a popular book
are Sommer's 1890-91 (the standard), and Dent's,
of travels of that century, the writer of which
with a preface by Professor Rhys (1893). *
claimed to have visited Turkey, Armenia, Tar-
Malot, Hector (mä-lo'). A French novel- tary, Persia, Syria, Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Ethi-
ist; born near Rouen, May 20, 1830. He has opia, Chaldea, Amazonia, and India; to have
been a prolific writer. Of his numerous works been in the service of the Sultan of Egypt; etc.
the best known are: (The Victims of Love, It is in fact a most entertaining and curious
in three parts ; (The Lovers) (1859); "Husband compilation of legends, miracles, and wonder-
and Wife) (1865); (The Children (1866); (Doc- stories from many sources, pressed into the
tor Claude) (1879); (Accomplices) (1892); “In service of Christianity and its miracle-working
the Bosom of the Family) (1893) ; etc. Most powers. *
of his books treat of French life under the
Manetho (man'e-tho). An Egyptian priest
Second Empire.
and annalist; born at Sebennytus, in Lower
Malte-Brun, Conrad (mält-brun'), originally Egypt; lived about 250 B. C. He composed
Malte Conrad Brunn. A famous French ge- three books in Greek, which purported to give
(
,
## p. 366 (#382) ############################################
366
MANGAN-MANZANO
Manrique, Jorge (män-rēkā). A famous
Spanish poet; died 1479. He belonged to one
of the oldest and most distinguished families
in Spain. His chief work was an ode on his
father's death (1492), now known as “Coplas
de Manrique' (Manrique's Stanzas), one of
the most touching poems in the Spanish lan-
guage. It has often been reprinted, and was
translated into English by Longfellow. Sev-
eral of his love poems also have come down
to us.
the history of Egypt from the mythical period
downward; but only fragments remain, im-
bedded in the works of Josephus and other
writers. His writings, coming down through
translations and transliterations of Syncellus,
Eusebius, Jerome, and Africanus, have been
the chief source of information as to the suc-
cessive dynasties of Egypt; and with the in-
scriptions coming to light, assist archæologists
in framing its chronology.
Mangan, James Clarence. An Irish poet;
born at Dublin, May 1, 1803; died in Meath
Ilospital, June 20, 1849. His work shows great
command of language and skill in versification.
He published volumes entitled : (Romances and
Ballads of Ireland (1850); 'German Anthology'
(1849); (Poets and Poetry of Munster) (1849);
etc. A selection of his poems, edited by Louise
Imogen Guiney, appeared 1897. *
Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Rivière. An Eng-
lish novelist; born in the island of Guernsey,
1672; died at Lambeth Hill, July 11, 1724. She
was daughter of Sir Roger Manley. She pub-
lished (The New Atlantis (1709), a scandalous
satire on distinguished public characters, for
which she was arrested for libel, but discharged.
She published a key to it entitled "Memoirs of
Europe) (1710). She wrote also (The Power
of Love, in Seven Novels) (1720), etc.
Mann, Horace. A noted American educator
and educational writer; born in Franklin, Mass. ,
May 4, 1796; died in Yellow Springs, O. , Aug.
2, 1859. He was Member of Congress from
Massachusetts, 1848–53; president of Antioch
College, 1852–59. He was one of the foremost
men in educational reform; and published, be-
sides his educational lectures and voluminous
controversial writings, A Few Thoughts for a
Young Man' (1850); (Slavery: Letters and
Speeches) (1851); and Powers and Duties of
Woman' (1853).
Mann, Mary Tyler (Peabody). An Ameri-
can writer, wife of Horace Mann; born in
Cambridgeport, Mass. , Nov. 16, 1806; died in
Jamaica Plain, Mass. , Feb. II, 1887. Her pub-
lished works are: Flower People) (1838);
Culture in Infancy) (1863); Life of Horace
Mann) (1865); Juanita, a Romance of Real
Life in Cuba,' published after her death.
Manning, Henry Edward, Cardinal. A dis-
tinguished English Roman Catholic prelate and
religious writer; born at Totteridge, Hertford-
shire, July 15, 1808; died Jan. 14, 1892. Origi-
nally a clergyman of the Church of England,
in which he rose to be archdeacon of Chiches-
ter (1840), he became a Roman Catholic priest
in 1851; archbishop of Westminster in 1865;
cardinal in 1875. He founded the Roman Cath-
olic University of Kensington in 1874. He was
a friend of the laboring classes. He wrote:
(Unity of the Church) (1842); (Temporal Mis-
sion of the Holy Ghost) (3d ed. 1877); (The
Catholic Church and Modern Society) ( 1880 );
(The Eternal Priesthood” (1883); (Religio Via-
toris' (A Traveler's Religion : 3d ed. 1888); etc.
Mansel, Henry Longueville. A distin
guished English metaphysician; born at Cos-
grove, Northamptonshire, Oct. 6, 1820; died
there, July 30, 1871. He was dean of St. Paul's,
London, in 1868. A follower of Sir William
Hamilton, he developed his philosophy still
further. His chief works were : (Prolegomena
Logica! (Introduction to Logic: 1851); the
article on (Metaphysics) in the "Encyclopædia
Britannica' (1857); Bampton Lectures) (1858);
Philosophy of the Conditioned) (1866); etc.
Mansfield, Edward Deering. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born at
New Haven, Conn. , Aug. 17, 1801 ; died at Mor-
row, O. , Oct. 27, 1880. He wrote: (Political
Grammar) (1834); "Life of General Scott!
(1846); Legal Rights of Women (1847); His-
tory of the Mexican War) (1848); American
Education (1850); (Personal Memoirs (1879);
(Utility of Mathematics); etc. He was for
many years a contributor to the New York
press over the signature «Veteran Observer. ”
Mansilla de Garcia, Eduarda (män-sel'yä
dā gär-the’ä). An Argentine novelist; born
(Mansilla) at Buenos Ayres, 1838. She married
Manuel Garcia, a diplomatist, in 1855. She has
written : (The Physician of St. Louis); Lucia
Miranda); Paul; or, Life on the Pampas!
(translated into French); etc. , all descriptive
of Argentine customs or historical episodes.
Mant, Richard. A distinguished English
clergyman and religious writer; born at South-
ampton, Feb. 12, 1776; died at Ballymoney, Ire-
land, Nov. 2, 1848. He was bishop in the Irish
church. He is best known as one of the authors
of the (Annotated Bible) (3 vols. , 1814), known
as D'Oyly and Mant's, which had an immense
circulation. He wrote also: Ancient Hymns)
(1837); History of the Church of Ireland
(1840); etc.
Manuel, Don Juan (mä-nö-el'). A Spanish
prince and famous miscellaneous writer; born
at Escalona, 1282; died 1347 or 1349. Holding
the highest offices in the State,- being joint
regent of Spain in 1320,- and twice in arms
against his king, as well as commander-in-chief
against the Moors, his life was a stormy one.
He was one of the first and best of Spanish
prose-writers. He is best known by 'El Conde
Lucanor) (Count Lucanor : 1575), a collection of
fifty tales in the Eastern style. It was trans-
lated into English by James York (new ed. 1888).
Manzano, Juan Francisco (man-thah'no ).
A Cuban poet ; born in Havana, in 1797; died
.
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367
:
in 1854. A negro, born in slavery, and remain-
ing in servitude for forty years, he obtained his
education with great difficulty. While still a
slave he succeeded in publishing a small vol-
ume of poems entitled (Passing Flowers. His
drama (Zafira) was published in 1842. Some
of his poems have been translated into French
and German.
Manzoni, Alessandro, Count (män-tsõ'nē).
A famous Italian novelist and poet; born at
Milan, March 7, 1785; died there, May 22, 1873.
He became senator in 1860. He was the leader
of the Italian romantic school. His most cele-
brated work was the romance (I Promessi
Sposi” (The Betrothed : 1827; English transla-
tion in Bohn's Library, 1883). He wrote also
the allegorical poem (Urania) (1807), in honor
of poetry; (Sacred Hymns) (1815); the great
tragedies (The Count of Carmagnola) (1820)
and (Adelchi? (1822); the famous ode on Na-
poleon's death, (The Fifth of May); etc.
(Latest edition of his works, 2 vols. , 1875-81. ) *
Map or Mapes, Walter. A British theo-
logian, satirist, and poet; born in Gloucester-
shire or Herefordshire, about 1140; died about
1210. He was archdeacon of Oxford in 1197.
He wrote: (De Nugis Curialium (Courtiers'
Triflings : 1182–92). Probably the Lancelot story
in the Arthurian legends is based on an Anglo-
French poem by him; and the legends gener-
ally have been thought to be largely his work.
Maquet, Auguste (mä-kā'). A French nov-
elist and playwright; born in Paris, Sept. 13,
1813; died at Ste. Mesme, Jan. 8, 1888. He
was professor at the Collège Charlemagne in
1831. He collaborated with the elder Dumas
in some of his novels. He wrote alone (most
of them in both novel and play form): (Beau-
tiful Gabrielle) (1853), with its sequel (The
Bather's House) (1856 ); (The White Rose)
(1859); (Journey to the Country of the Blue )
(1859); the play (The Bercheny Hussar) (1865),
which was very successful; etc.
March, Ausias or Augustin (märch). A cel-
ebrated Spanish poet ; born 1390 (? ); died about
1460. He is the best of all the Catalan poets.
Of his works now extant are ninety-three (Love
Songs); eight (Laments); fourteen Moral
Poems); a fine (Song of Devotion); etc. He
has been called “the Petrarch of Catalonia. ”
(Latest edition of his works, Barcelona, 1884. )
Marchand, Félix Gabriel. A Canadian jour-
nalist and dramatist; born at St. John's, P. Q. ,
Jan. 9, 1832. Among his works are the prose
comedies (Fatenville) and Mistakes Don't
Count); the comedies in verse (One Good For-
tune Brings Another) and "The Paste Dia-
monds); also a comic opera, «The University
Laureate.
Marco Polo. See Polo, Marco.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. See Aurelius,
Marcus.
Marden, Orison Swett. An American bi-
ographer; born in New Hampshire, 1848. His
home is in Boston. He has written Pushing
to the Front) and Architects of Fate, collec-
tions of short biographies.
Maréchal, Pierre Sylvain (mä-rā-shäl). A
French atheistical writer; born in Paris, Aug.
15, 1750; died at Montrouge, near Paris, Jan.
18, 1803. He was originally a lawyer. He pub-
lished "Fragments of a Moral Poem on God'
(1781), modeled upon Lucretius. A parody on
the Psalms (1784) cost him his position as sub-
librarian of the Collège Mazarin. He wrote
an (Almanac of Honest People (1788), sub-
stituting a list of names of his own invention
for the usual calendar of saints; with the as-
tronomer Lalande a Dictionary of Atheists)
(1800); etc.
Marek, Jan Jindric (mä'rek). A Bohe-
mian novelist and poet; born at Liblin, Nov.
4, 1801 ; died at Kralovice, Nov. 3, 1853. He
became a priest in 1826.
