No More Learning

; and
Moldavia, 587; 593; 624; and Byzantine
Church, 625 ; 694; besieges and captures
Constantinople, 696 sqq. ; character of,
705
Mahomet, Aghlabid emir of Africa, 137
Mahomet, emir of Qaramān, 684
Mahomet ibn Gumishtigin, Dänishmand
ruler in Cappadocia, 315
Mahomet, son of Malik Ghāzi, Dānishma
dite ruler, 357, 360; 365
Mahomet, Dānishmandite prince, son
Dhu'l-Qarnain, 377
Mahomet, Saracen general in Sicily, cous
of the emir of Africa, 134, 136
Mahomet ibn Abi'l-Jawārī, Saracen genel
in Sicily, 135
Mabomet ibn Mu'awiyah, Saracen gener
125
Mai, Cardinal Angelo, 719
Maimundiz, fort of the “ Assassins,” 641
Maina, district in Greece, 441; surrender
to Michael VIII, 443; and Manuel ]
460; Venetian colony, 476; 737
Majghariyah, Majghariyan, see Meyepon
Majorca, see Ferdinand, James
Majúsí, al. , Arab medical writer, 298
Makin, Arab chronicler, 188
Makrolivada, Thracian frontier fortress, 3
234
Makryplági, battle of, 444
Malacopea, taken by Saracens, 126
Malagina, attacked by Saracens, 126, 131
Malāhidah, name of Assassins, q. v.
Malalas, John, Byzantine chronicler, 76.
chronicle of, translated into Bulgaria
237
Malamocco, foundation of, 386; 388; 391
made seat of Venetian government, 3!
sq. ; 393; taken by Pepin, 394; bishopr
of, 387; bishop of, see Felix
Malatīyah, see Melitene
Maleinus family, 93
Maleinus, Eustathius, commander again
Sclerus, 86; disgraced by Basil II, 93
Malik, Arab leader, killed in Phrygia, 121
Malik Ghāzi (Gbāzi), Dānishmandite emi
defeats Crusaders, 340 sq. ; 342; 353 sg
357
Malik, Seljūg prince, failure before Treb
zond, 514 sq.
Malik Shāh, Great Seljūq Sultan, conques
Transoxiana, 277; 278; 298 sq. ; 30€
succeeds his father, 307; empire of, 30
sq. ; death, 309; 311 sq. ; 314; 316 sq
and Alexius I, 329, 331, 343; 633
Malik Shāh, Seljūq, son of Barkiyāruq, di:
possessed by his uncle, 310
Malik Shāh, Seljūq Sultan of Rūm, son (
Qilij Arslān, 343
Mallu Khān, Delhi general, defeated b
Tīmūr, 651
Malomir, see Presiam
Malta, occupied by Saracens, 139
Maltepe, 700
Mamikonians, Armenian family, 157 sqq.
Mamistra, see Mopsuestia
Mamlūks of Egypt, and Armenia, 154, 17€
177 sq. , 180 sqq. , 669; and Mongols, 17€
279, 628, 643, 652; 314; massacre of, a
Cyprus, 471; 642
Mamonàs, archon of Monemvasia, 440
! ! ! !


## p. 957 (#999) ############################################

Index
957
hu
475 sq.
Ma'mūn, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, cam.
paigns against Byzantines, 127 sq. ;
Thomas the Slavonian and, 35, 127;
death, 38, 129; and Manichaeans, 287;
revenue of, 151 note; translation bureau
of, 298; 275 sq. ; 288; 300
Manalugh, Turkish emir, and Alexius I,
344
Manasses, Constantine, Byzantine scholar,
363; Slav translations of his Chronicle,
549; verses against the “Powerful,” 708
Manassia, monastery in Serbia, 563
Manbij (Hierapolis), 144; Christian relic at,
145
Manchuria, 185
Manchus, become supreme in China, 649
Mandaeans, and Islām, 287
Μανδήλιον, Μανδίλιον, το, see Edessa, image
of,
Manegold, count, ambassador of Conrad II,
97
Manfred, King of Sicily, and Michael II of
Epirus, 430, 442, 508; 446; 448; 495
sq. ; 608; designs on Constantinople, 609;
Mangana, see St George of under Constanti.
nople; John VI retires to, 666; arsenal
at, 741
Mangu Khan, Mongol Great Khan, and
Hethum I, 175, 638 note ; 631; 640;
reign of, 641; death, 643, 645; 644; 646
Mangū Timūr, Mongol general, defeated by
Mamlūks, 176
Maniaces, George, Byzantine general, and
Michael V, 105; made general in the West,
108; revolt and death, 110; 111; cam.
paigns in East and in Sicily, 150
Manichaeans, 42; and Islām, 287 sq. ; colony
in Philippopolis, 330, 344; in Nicene
Empire, 498; see Bogomile, Paulicians
Manicophagus, betrays Amorium to Sara-
cens, 130
Mankaphas (“Mad Theodore"), founds
lordship at Philadelphia, 423, 480; 481;
conquered by Theodore Í, 482
Manoláda, battle of, 452
Manşūr, Abbasid Caliph, 122 sq. ; founds
Baghdad, 274, 298, 641
Mantua, pact of, between Western Emperor
and Venetians, 400; synod of, 407
Manuel I Comnenus, Emperor, 351; 356 ;
361; accession and character, 362 sq. ;
administration, 364; and Seljūgs, 365,
377 sq. ; and Second Crusade, 366 sqq. , 601;
and Roger II of Sicily, 368; and Italy,
369 sqq. ; and Hungarians, 372; and Serbs,
373; and Armeno-Cilicia, 373, 170; and
Antioch, 374 sq. ; marriages of, 360, 375;
and Amaury of Jerusalem, 376; defeated
at Myriocephalum, 378; and Venetians,
412 sq. ; and Papacy, 345, 596, 602 sq. ;
death, 379; 380 sq. ; and coinage, 348;
ambitions of, 626; Novels of, 720, 723
Manuel II Palaeologus, Emperor, and the
Morea, 460; 617; visit to the West, 618;
678; attitude to Union, 619; 670; 672;
675; and Bāyazid, 677; and Sulaiman,
685; and Mūsa, 686; and Mahomet 1, 687;
689; 593
Manuel I, Emperor of Trebizond, 515 sq.
Manuel III, Emperor of Trebizond, and
Bāyazid I, 674
Manuel Angelus, Emperor of Thessalonica,
despot of Epirus, 428; deposed, 429; 440;
and John III, 491; 497; 522; and Gregory
IX, 607; 475 sq.
Manuel Cantacuzene, made despot of the
Morea, 454
Manuel Mamikonian, Armenian general, 157
Manuel, strategus of the Anatolics, and
Saracens, 127 sq. , 130
Manuel, the magister, uncle of Empress
Theodora, 40
Manuel, Byzantine admiral, 147
Manuel monastery, the, 91, 261
Manzikert, besieged by Turks, 166; battle
of, 167, 306, 325, 348, 378
Maona, see Giustiniani
Maqāmah, Maqāmāt, Arabic rhymed prose,
294
Maqdisi, Arab traveller, 295
Maqrizi, Arab geographer, on treaty of Con.
stantine VIII and Zāḥir, 97
Maraclea (Maraqiyab), on the Syrian coast,
146; 339; restored to the Empire, 343
Mar'ash, see Germanicea
Marcellae, battle of, 12
Marcellus, magister militum, in Venice,
389
Marcellus Tegalianus, doge of Venice, 389;
made Hypatos by the Emperor, 390
Marco Polo, on Mongols, 631; 640; on
Cambalu, 647
Marco I Sanudo, founds duchy of the Archi-
pelago, 435 sq. , 439; and Theodore I, 485;,
475
Marco II, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Marcus Eugenicus, see Mark of Ephesus
Mardaites, of Mt Lebanon, 742
Mārdin, Jacobite bishop of, and Caliph
Hārūn, 289
Margaret of Hungary, widow of Isaac II,
marries Boniface of Montferrat, 421;
regent of Thessalonica, 426
Margbab, astronomical observatory at, 299
Maria, the Paphlagonian, first wife of Con.
stantine VI, 22 sq.
Maria, first wife of Basil I, 50 sq.
Maria, first wife of John I, 78
Maria, wife of Michael VII, and Nicephorus
III, 326; and Alexius I, 327 sq. , 333
Maria de Courtenay, wife of Theodore I, 486
Maria, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria, widow of John
Vladislav of Bulgaria, Basil II and, 242 sqq.
Maria, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria, niece of Michael
VIII, 527 sq. ; marries Ivailo, 529; 530 sq.
Maria Argyrus, sister of Romanus III, married
to John Orseolo, 94, 406
Maria, daughter of Alexius I, 346
Maria, granddaughter of John III, 494


## p. 958 (#1000) ###########################################

958
Index
Marwān II, Umayyad Caliph, 120, 12
governor of Armenia, 156 sq.
Mary of Antioch, second wife of Mand
375; regency of, 379 sqq. ; murdered
Andronicus, 382; 757
Mary, granddaughterof Romanus I, marria
to Peter of Bulgaria, 62, 238
Mary, mother of Michael V, 104
Mary, daughter of Manuel I, 370 sq.
married to Renier of Montferrat, 37
intrigues against Empress Mary, 380
Mary, daughter of Emperor Andronicus
382
Mary, daughter of Uroš of Rascia, 356
Mary of Gorigos, regent of Armeno-Cilici
181
Mary, mother of SS. Methodius and Cyr.
216
Marzpans, Persian governors of Armeni
155
Marzpetuni, Georg, Armenian leader, 161
Maslamab (Maslama), Arab general, a
feated before Constantinople, 2, 119
120 sq.
Mastalici, Venetian noble family, 397
Mastropiers, Orio, doge of Venice, invadı
Empire, 414
Masóūd I, Sultan of Rūm, and John I
353; at Constantinople, 357; and Manue
365; 373 sq. ; 377; and Armeno-Cilici:
170 sq.
Maria Lazarević, married to Bāyazid I, 559,
562, 674
Maria, daughter of George Branković,
married to Murad II, 568 sq. ; Mahomet
II and, 575, 577
Maria, daughter of Lazar III, wife of
Stephen Tomašević, 577 sq. ; 581
Maria, heiress of Frederick III of Sicily, and
Athens, 455 sq.
Maria Zaccaria of Achaia, 474
Maria Angelina, of Epirus, 475
Mariam of Iberia, visits Constantinople, 100
Mariam, sister of Hethum II of Armeno-
Cilicia, 178
Marianus, prefect of Constantinople, pro-
claims Basil I, 51
Māridin, Urtugids of, 317
Marie de Bourbon, Princess of Achaia, 474,
476
Marie d'Enghien, sells Argos and Nauplia to
Venetians, 457
Marino Dandolo, lord of Andros, 435
Marino Sanudo, 511 note
Marinus, Papal legate (later Pope), and
Photian schism, 250, 254
Marinus, count of Comacchio, 399
Marinus, joint-compiler of the Ecloga, 709
Maritime Code (vouos vautikós) of Leo ,
5; 708; 710
Maritime theme, divided by Leo III, 3, 742;
see Carabisiani
Maritime-Venice, see Venice
Maritza, river, 241; 489; 492; 509;
Turkish victory on, 555, 670, 672 sq. ; 671
Marj-as-Suffar, Mongol defeat at, 651 sq.
Mark (Marcus Eugenicus), archbishop of
Ephesus, theologian, opposition to Union,
595, 621 sqq. ; banished to Lemnos, 624;
death, 624; 766
Mark, metropolitan of Caesarea, murdered
by Gagik II of Armenia, 166
Mark, St, body of, brought to Venice, 396 sq.
Marko, son of Vukašin, and Turks, 555;
death at Rovine, 561
Marmora, Sea of, 323; 331; 382; 421; 462;
478; 480; 490; Turkish pirates in, 657;
658 sqq. ; 665 sq. ; Boucicaut on, 683; 685;
Ottoman defeat in, 686; 677; 687; 695 sq. ;
walls of Constantinople on, 697 sq. ; 701;
747; 754 sq. ; 762; island of, 482
Maronites, the, and Eugenius IV, 623
Maros, Hungarian river, 215
Marozia, senatrix, 259
Marquart, on town of Itil, 191; on Burdas
River, 192; 212
Marriage in Byzantine law, 708 sq. , 712, 720,
723
Martin IV, Pope, and Michael VIII, 613
Martin V, Pope, and Manuel II, 619; 620
Martin, abbot of Pairis in Germany, preaches
Fourth Crusade, 415
Martorana church, mosaics at, 777
Marturius, Patriarch of Grado, see Peter
Martyropolis (Mayyāfariqin), 134; taken by
Curcuas, 143; 147
Masóūd ibn Mahmūd, Sultan of Ghazna)
299, 304
Mas“ūdi, Arab writer, journeys and unive
sal history of, 295; on Chazar bodyguar
190; on town of Itil, 191; on Burdas tribe
192; on Walinana, 200; on Magyars i
Thrace, 212
Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, 410
Matilda, of Hainault, widow of Gay II an
Princess of Achaia, her marriages an
misfortunes, 452, 474
Matteo Orsini, the Apulian, Lord of Cephe
lonia and Zante, 432; and Venetians, 43
and Achaia, 439, 475
Matthew of Edessa, Armenian chronicles
John I's letter preserved by, 148; on non
bers of Turks, 655
Matthew Ninoslav, ban of Bosnia, 526, 59
Matthew Paris, chronicler, 490 note, 493 note
on Tartars, 630 note, 638 note, 639
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, 578
in Bosnia, 581
Maurice, Emperor, 707
Mauritius, doge of Venice, 392
Mauritius, the Younger, son of John, mur
ders Patriarch of Grado, 393
Mauro family, 264
Maurocastrum (Afyon-Qara-Hisār), Phryg
ian fortress, 655
Mauropotamus, river, Byzantine defeat on
131, 133 note
Mauropus, John, learning of, 114; draft:
Novel founding school of law, 719
Maurus, bishop, settles in Torcello, 386


## p. 959 (#1001) ###########################################

Index
959
Mavrozómes, holds lordship in Asia Minor,
480; and Theodore I, 482
Mā-warā-an-Nahr, see Transoziana
Mayence, archbishop of, see Christian,
Conrad
Mayyāfariqin, see Martyropolis
Māzandarān, ruled by Ghīyāth-ad-Din, 636
Mázares, Byzantine satirist, on the Moreotes,
460
Mazzara, in Sicily, 135
Mecca, plundered by Carmathians, 276, 286;
312, 641
Media, 310, see 'Irāq Ajami
Medici family, at Athens, 461; 620
Medicine, Arab, 297 sq. ; at Constantinople,
764
Medina, 280 sq. ; 641
Meditatio de nudis pactis, eleventh century
Byzantine legal monograph, 721
Mediterranean Sea, Saracen activity in, 37,
144 sq. , 274; 277; 302; Venice in, 409 sq. ;
473; Norman plan of Mediterranean
Empire, 596; Turkish pirates in, 662;
741; Byzantine fleet in, 742, 762; ports
of, 286, 770; 776
Medzabaro, see John
Medzoph, see Thomas of
Meerut, taken by Tīmūr, 651
Megara, 441; 464
Megaskyr, the, of Athens, and Latin Em-
peror, 426; Othon de la Roche becomes,
433
Meyépn (Majghariyah, Majghariyan), epony.
mous Magyar tribe, 196
Melas, river, Byzantine defeat on, 122; 131
note
Melchi, see Mleh
Meleona, Balkan hills, 233
Melfi, treaty of, 273 note, 597
Melisseni, family of, 771
Melissenus, Leo, plots against Basil II, 86;
Melissenus, Nicephorus, rival of Alexius I,
327
Melitene (Malatīyah), captured by Con-
stantine V, 12; 85; 87; in Saracen wars,
120 sqq. , 127, 129 sq. , 134, 139; captured
by Curcuas, 143; 147; 218; attacked by
Seljūgs, 322; ruled by Seljūgs, 315, 325,
357, 365; taken by Timur, 680; emirs of,
see Omar, Tugbril Arslān
Melkê, Queen of Armenia, MSS. Gospel of,
162
Melnik, in Macedonia, taken by John III,
430, 492; 493; delivered by Theodore II,
502 sq. ; 522
Memmo, see Tribunus Menius
Menander, Byzantine historian, 765
Menologium, of Basil II, 95, 769
Merkits, Mongol tribe, 631
Merseburg, Byzantine embassy at, 358
Merv, Mas'ud defeated by Seljūgs at, 304;
312; plundered by Ghuzz, 313; destroyed
by Mongols, 633
Mesarites, see Nicholas
Mese, see under Constantinople
Mesembria, battle of, 30; Leo V's victory at,
37, 234; 230; 233; 525; 527
Mesimerius, Basil, envoy of Alexius I to
Pope Paschal II, 345
Mesopotamia, 74; 120 sq. ; 123 sq. ; 127;
132; Nicephorus II in, 134 ; 143; 147; 150;
Seljūgs in, 164, 277 sq. , 302, 317; 176;
201; ravaged by Carmathians, 276; Mon-
gols in, 279, 636, 640, 643, 654; Turkish
tribes in, 653, 655; Roman Law in, 292;
theme of, 84, 733; emirs of, see ‘Abd-al-
Malik, 'Abd-al-Wahhāb, Abū-Sa'id; osti-
kan of, see Ahmad
Messalians, Armenian sect, 7
Messenia, 433 sq. , 456, 609
Messina, captured by Saracens, 46, 136;
recaptured by Maniaces, 150; 603
Metaphrastes, Simeon, Byzantine author,
95, 766
Meteorion, in the Hermus valley, 512
Metéoron, monastery of, 552; church at,
553
Methodius, Byzantine artist, and Boris of
Bulgaria, 236
Methodius, messenger of Paschal I, im-
prisoned by Michael II, 33; made Patri.
arch, 41; relations with Roman Church,
246; 247; 255
Methodius, St, “ Apostle of the Slavs,”
Chap. vII (B); and Chazars, 44; 197; made
archbishop of Pannonia, 211; 236 sq. ; at
Rome, 224, 250; death, 229; 776
Methone, see Modon; see also Nicholas of
Methymna, 79
Metochites, Theodore, panegyric of, on
Nicaea, 506, 479 note
Metrophanes, bishop of Cyzicus, elected
Patriarch of Constantinople, 623
Michael I Rangabé, Emperor, reign of, 29;
35; defeated by the Bulgars, 37, 233; 46;
Sicily and, 134; 247
Michael II (the Stammerer, the Amorian),
Emperor, plots against Leo V and seizes
the throne, 32; his religious policy, 33;
34; war against Thomas the Slavonian,
35 s
5 sq. , 235; 41; and Saracens, 127; 128;
Venice and, 396
Michael III (the Drunkard), Emperor,
character of, 43; minority of, 40 sqg. ;
reign of, 43 sqq. ; murder of, 48, 50, 251;
49; wasteful finance of, 51; 54; burial by
Leo VI, 55; 66; 96; Saracens and, 131,
133 sq. ; 203; and St Methodius, 217 sq. ,
220 sqq. ; and Bulgaria, 235 sqq. ; and
Nicholas I, 249 sg. ; 254
Michael IV, the Paphlagonian, marriage to
Zoë and accession, 101; character of, 102;
103 sq. ; abdication and death, 104; exiles
Cerularius, 112; attempts to recapture
Sicily, 150; 164; and Bulgarian rising,
244; 265; 319
Michael V Calaphates, 103; parentage and
accession, 104; crowned, 105; disgraces
John the Orphanotrophos, 105; exiles
87 sq.


## p. 960 (#1002) ###########################################

960
Index
Michael Attaliates, historian, 765;
Michael V, 106; teaches in the Universit
114; on Isaac I and Cerularias, 323; la
treatise of, 715, 722
Michael of Thessalonica, heretical pries
condemned by Manuel, 363
Michiel, Domenico, doge of Venice, ai
Emperor John II, 354, 410
Michiel, Vitale, doge of Venice, in the Fir
Crusade, 410
Michieli, dynasty in the Aegean, 467
Mikā'il, son of Seljūg, 303
Milan, and Manuel I, 370; Manuel II at, 61
duke of, and Galata, 697; archbishop o
see Amulf, Peter Chrysolanus
Milazzo, see Mylae
Milengi, Slav tribe in Greece, 42
Mileševo, monastery in Novibazar, 522, 54
Miletus, see Isidore of
Milica, widow of Lazar I of Serbia, 558
Military Code (vouos otpaTIWTIKOS), 4; 70€
710
Millicent of Tripolis, 375
Miloš Kobilić (Obilić), Serbian noble, stał
Murad II, 558, 672
Milutin, “child of grace,” see Stephe
Uroš II
Mineo, Byzantine defeat at, 37; 135
Ming, dynasty of China, replaces Mongols
635, 649
Minorites, see Franciscans
Mirān Shāh, son of Timur, 182
Mirčea, the Great, Prince of Wallachia, 557
tributary to Turks, 560; 561 sq. ; death
567, 572; 593
Mirdāsid emirs, see Shibl-ad-daulah
Mirdites, in Albania, and memory
0
Zoë, 106; fall and punishment, 107, 110;
attacks Armenia, 165; 318
Michael VI Stratioticus, proclaimed Em.
peror, 116; army revolts against him, 117,
319 sq. ; fall and death of, 118, 321; Novel
of, 720
Michael VII Ducas, Emperor, 325 sqq. ; and
the Normans, 329; 346; 408; and the
Papacy, 596, 598; Novels of, 720 sqq. ;
and canon law, 723
Michael VIII Palaeologus, Emperor, 493;
496; and Theodore II, 503 sqq. ; crowned
as despot, 507; as Emperor, 430, 508;
first attempt on Constantinople, 509;
captures it, 431, 443, 512 sqq. ; crowned at
Constantinople, 513; and William of
Achaia, 442 sqq. ; successes over Latins,
445; Genoese and, 431, 510; and Bulgaria,
525, 527 sq. ; and Turks, 656 sq. ; and
Papacy, 596, 609 sqq. , 626; death, 532,
613; coins of, 514; Novel of, 720; 94; 593
Michael IX Palaeologus, Emperor, at
Magnesia, 656 sq. ; death, 659; 593;
marries sister of Hethum II, 178
Michael I Angelus Comnenus, founds “Des-
potat” in Epirus, 423, 427, 436; 475
Michael II Angelus, despot of Epirus, 429 sq. ;
and William of Achaia, 440; 442; death,
444; 493; and John III, 494 sq. ; and
Theodore II, 503 sqq. ; and Michael VIII,
508; 524; 475
Michael, name taken at his baptism by Boris
of Bulgaria, q. v.
Michael #sen, Tsar of Bulgaria, assassinated,
430, 502, 525; 492; and Theodore II,
Skanderbeg, 585; autonomous, 587
Miroslav, prince of Hum, 517; 591
Mistrá, near Sparta, castle of, 441; sur
rendered to Michael VIII, 443; 444 sq.
called Sparta in the Middle Ages, 454
458; 460 sqq. ; surrenders to Turks, 464
palace of, 473; learning at, 474; frescoe
in, 769; despots of, see Theodore Palaeo
logus
Mitrovica, 539
Mitylene, 108; 110; Genoese in, 684; metro
politan of, absolves Theodore II, 506
Mladen Šubić, ban of Bosnia, 591
Mleh (Melchi), the Armenian, Byzantin
commander against Saracens, 147
Mleb, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 170 sq. , 376
“Mobalig" (town of woe), name applied to
Koselsk, 637
Modica, Sicilian fortress, taken by Saracens
136; 137
Modon (Methone), ravaged by Venetians
354; becomes Venetian, 421, 431, 434
476; 433; Hospitallers at, 437; 438; 453
457 ; 461; 465; becomes Turkish, 467, 675
690
Modrina, victory of Constantine V at, 12
Moechian controversy, 28
Moesia, 230
501 sq. ,
524 sq.
Michael Shishmanich, of Vidin, becomes
Tsar of Bulgaria, 536; killed at Velbužd,
538, 590
Michael, King of Dioclea, and Bulgarians,
244
Michael I, Prince of Wallachia, 593
Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constanti.
nople, 91, 103; conspires against Michael
IV, 104; minister of Constantine IX, 109;
made Patriarch, 110, 112, 265; breach
with the Western Church, 112 sqq. , 265
sqq. , 271 sq. ; learning of, 114; 115 sq. ;
revolts against Michael VI, 117 sq. , 319
sqq. ; crowns Isaac I, 118, 322; imprison.
ment and death, 323; character, 265,
324; 594; 597; 753
Michael Anchialus, Patriarch of Constanti-
nople, and Manuel I, 602; 724
Michael Acominatus, metropolitan of
Athens, retires before Latins, 433; 482
note; Theodore I and, 484, 486; sermons
of, 766
Michael, son of Romanus I, 64
Michael Burtzes, see Burtzes
Michael, son of Simeon of Bulgaria, 238
Michael Asên, son of Constantine Asên and
Maria, 531, 590
Michael Konstantinović, and Turkish con-
quest of Bosnia, 579


## p. 961 (#1003) ###########################################

961
Monoyánnes, Paul, made Lord of Cerigotto,
445
Monreale, mosaics at, 777
Monselice, and Venice, 398
Mons Lactarius, battle of, 386
Montaldo, on numbers of Turks at siege of
Constantinople, 695 note
Monte Cassino, monastery of, 258; 599;
612; abbot of, 599, 612; see Desiderius,
Gerard
Montenegro, history of, 585 sqq. ; 244; 517;
547; and battle of Kossovo, 558; 564; 573;
578; 582; 584; resistance to Turks, 585;
partially subdued, 587; Table of rulers,
(the Zeta), 592
Montferrat, see Boniface, Conrad, William
Moors from Africa, in Justinian's army, 738
Mopsuestia (Mamistra), in Saracen wars,
122, 124, 126, 130, 145; under princes of
Armeno-Cilicia, 168; 169 sq. ; restored to
the Empire, 171, 343; Ruben of Antioch
defeated at, 174; 340 sq. ; 358 sq. ; 373 sq.
Morava, river, 517
Moravia, evangelised by Cyriland Methodius,
42, 44 sq. , 221 sqq. , 776; and Magyars,
198, 210, 236; see Great Moravia, Ros-
tislav, Svatopluk
Moravian translation of the Gospels, 222
Moravo-Pannonian, archbishopric created,
211; princes, Pope Hadrian's letter to,
221; dialects, 225
Morea, the, see also Peloponnesus, Chap. xv
passim; becomes French, 433; prosperity
of, 447, 452, 456; conquered by Turks,
463 sq. ; by Venetians, 466; Moreote in-
fluence in Cyprus, 471; results of Latin
rule in, 473 sq. ; 530; Latin Church in, 607;
cavalry of, in Rhodes, 494; Charles of
Anjou in, 611; 620; Turks in, 675, 677 sq. ,
692; 687; despots of, see Constantine XI,
Demetrius, Manuel, Theodore, Thomas;
“Lady of,” see Isabelle of Villebardouin
Morocco, Idrīsid dynasty in, 300; 302
Morosini, Venetian commander, 467; re-
conquers Santa Mavra, 472
Morosini, Venetian faction in favour of By.
zantines, 403 sq.
Morosini, Domenico, doge of Venice, and
Emperor Manuel I, 412
Morosini, see Thomas
Moptń (land rent), 5
Moptimal (peasants), 5
Mosaburch, see Blatno
Mosaic law, 267; 717
Mosaics, at Constantinople, 11; 39; in the
New Church, 53; in St Sophia, 96, 752;
in the Blachernae, 364; in church of the
Forty Martyrs, 383; at the Chora, 753,
769 sq. ; in the Forum, 748; in Ani
cathedral, 163; at Nicaea, 479; at Ra-
venna, 758; 754; 767; 769 sq. ; 772;. in
Western Europe, 777
Moschopulus, Byzantine professor, 764
Moscow, Armenian MSS of the Gospels at,
162; conquered by Mongols, 637; 652
61
Index
Moglena, temporary capital of Samuel of
Bulgaria, 240; captured by Normans,
329
Mogul dynasty in India, 629 sq. ; 650; 652
Mohi, Hungarians defeated by Mongols at,
637
Moldavia, Magyars in, 198; foundation of
principality of, 540; 567; and Turks, 587
sq. ; Table of rulers, 593; Church in, 568
Moldo-Wallachia, Patriarch of, independence
of, 595; delegates at Ferrara, 621
Momchilo, Bulgarian guerrilla leader, 542
Monasticism, Byzantine, danger from, to the
Empire, 8; zeal for images, 8, 21; Con.
stantine Vand, 15; and Nicephorus I, 28;
and Leo V, 30 sq. ; Nicephorus II and, 74;
Basil II and, 89; Michael IV's favour
to, 102; Photius, and the Azymites, 267;
Alexius I and monastic system, 349;
Manuel I and the monasteries, 364; re-
formation under Theodore of Studion, 26;
monastic property treated as fiefs, 349;
influence of, in Byzantine life, 751,753 sq. ;
monks and the Roman Church, 247, 259,
270; opposition to Union, 614; Byzantine
monks in Italy, 258, 737
Monasteries in Armenia, 162 sq. ; in
Cilicia, 168, 182; monasticism in Bul.
garia, 548; Benedictines in Hungary, 214;
Western monks in Greece, 438; see also
Athos (Mt), Studion
Monastir, Macedonian bishopric, 243; 493;
672
Monastras, general of Alexius I, 341,
344
Monegarius, Dominicus, doge of Venice,
reign and deposition of, 392
Monemvasia, Greek fortress, 434; taken by
Villehardouin, 440; given up to Michael
VIII, 443; 445; resists Turks and becomes
Venetian, 464 sq. ; captured by Turks,
467; art at, 473; birthplace of Phrantzes,
474, 476
Mongolia, 185, 631, 634; Mongolian Turks,
303
Mongols, the, Chap. XX; alliance with
Armeno-Cilicia, 175 sqq. ; defeated by
Mamluks, 176, 279, 643; 177, 179; de-
stroy Bulgary, 193; invade Armenia under
Tīmūr, 181 sq. ; conquests of Jenghiz
Khăn, 279, 300, 304, 312, 429, 632 sqq,
653; Cumans and, 490; and Seljūgs, 315,
491 sq. , 504, 510, 515; and Innocent IV,
493, 499; and Theodore II, 505; 507; 514;
invade Hungary, 608; early history of,
627 sq. ; derivation of, 630; in Europe,
637 sqq. ;conquer Baghdad, 279, 642; accept
civilisation, 647 sq. ; driven from China,
649; patronage of astronomy, 298 sq. , 646;
language, 195; Great Khans of, see Jenghiz
Khan, Kublai, Kuyuk, Mangu, Ogdai
Monnier, on Tiberius II's economic measures,
708; on the Synopsis Legum, 721
Monobatae, monastery of, 105
Monomachus, see Constantine IX, Vladimir
C. MED. H. VOL. IV.


## p. 962 (#1004) ###########################################

962
Index
Moses, Bulgarian chief, son of Shishman,
239 sq.
Moses of Chorene, Armenian historian, on
origin of Bagratuni, 157; 198
Moses, see Mūsà
Mosque, at Constantinople, restored by Con.
stantine VIII, 97; mosque at Bulgar,
194; built by Saracens at Tyana, 126; at
Enna, 137; Christian dwellings turned
into mosques by Mutawakkil, 288; 301;
mosque at Trnovo, 560; mosques spared
by Tīmūr, 651, 680; built by Mahomet I,
688; see under Constantinople, churches of
Mostar, 575
Mostenitsa, Teutonic Knights at, 437
Mosul, 277; 293; 315 sq. ; 642; atābeg of,
357; see Kerbogba, Zangi
Mouchate, Moldavian dynasty, see Juga,
Peter, Roman, Stephen
Mouchroutas, pavilion at imperial palace,
754
Mt St Auxentius, Stephen, abbot of, 16
Mourtzoupblos, see Alexius V
Mu'awiyah I (Mu'āwiya), Umayyad Caliph,
641
Mu'awiyah, Umayyad prince, 120 sq.
Mu'ayyid-al-Mulk, and Barkiyāruq, 310
Mubarrad, Arab compiler, 294
Muḥammad, see also Mahomet
Muhammad, name adopted by Alp Arslan,
306
Muhammad, 'Alā-ud-Din, Khwārazm Shāh,
conquers Bukhārā, Samarqand, and Af.
ghanistan, 278; driven out by Mongols,
312, 633, 636
Muḥammad II, last Seljūg ruler of Kirmān,
314
Muḥammad ibn Malik Shāh, Great Seljuq
Sultan, brother of Barkiyāruq, reign of,
310 sq. ; founds dynasty in 'Irāg, 315;
317; 343
Muha ad ibn Mūsà al-Khwārazmi, Arab
translator, and writer on algebra, 298
Muhammad Shaibāni (Shābi Beg), conquers
Transoxiana, 651
Muḥammad, Sultan of Delbi, defeated by
Timūr, 651
Muhtadi, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, and
the court of appeal, 284
Muḥtasib, the, Muslim prefect of police,
functions of, 283 sq.
Mu'izz, Fāțimite Caliph, and Nicephorus II,
147
Mu'izz-ad-Dunyà-wa’d-Din, title of Malik
Shāh, 307; of Sanjar, 311
Mukrán (Beluchistān), 312, 633
Mülhausen, treaty of, 398; 405
Multān, captured by Timur, 651
Mumdzhilar, Balkan village, 235
Mumin, White Bulgarian ruler, 193
Muntaner, Ramón, Catalan chronicler, on
the court of Guy II of Athens, 447; 451
Muqtadi, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, and
Barkiyārug, 309
Muqtadir, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, and
the Bulgars, 194; his mother, 284; bi:
slaves, 286
Murad I, Ottoman Sultan, accession of, 668
in Bulgaria, 555, 557; and John V,617sq.
671; and Janissaries, 664; in Thrace, 667
European policy of, 669; wins battle o:
the Maritza, 555, 670; assassination of
at Kossovo, 558, 672; character, 673; im.
portance of reign, 674; 593
Murād II, Ottoman Sultan, accession, 569:
688; in Greece, 462; Serbia and, 568 sqq. ;
treaty of Szegedin, 571; victory at Varna,
572, 624, 691 sq. ; Bosnia and, 575; 577;
and Manuel II, 619; conquests of, 689 sq. ;
abdications of, 692; death of, 693; 694;
593
Murano, settlement of, 386
Murom, pagans in, 210
Mūsa, son of Bāyazid I, at battle of Angora,
682; struggle for the throne and defeat,
562 sqq. , 684 sqq. ; 567; 593
Mūsà (Moses), son of Seljūg, 303
Muselė, Alexius, general of Constantine VI,
23
Mush, Armenian town, 158
Mushegh Mamikonian, Armenian leader,
defeats Saracens, 156 sq.
Mushel Bagratuni, King of Vanand, brother
of Ashot III, 161 sq.
Music, Serbian, 550; musicians at University
of Constantinople, 764
Muslim, Chaps. V, X, XVII, XX, XXI; see also
Islām, Musulmans
Mustadi, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 289
Mustafà, brother of Mūrād II, rebels against
him, 690
Mustafa, son of Bāyazid, at Angora, 682;
impersonator of, 688 sq.
Mustakfī, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, de
throned by the Buwaihids, 277, 301
Mustaʻsim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad,
put to death by Mongols, 279, 642
Mustazhir, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, and
Muhammad the Seljūq, 310
Musulmans, the, opposed to images, 7;
driven from Constantinople, 109; Musul.
mans and Chazars, 190, 219 sq. ; in Byzan.
tine Empire, 737; see Islām
Mu'tadid, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 288
Mu'tamid, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad; and
Ashot of Armenia, 158; 276; 285
Mutanabbi, Arab poet, 290
Mu'tasim, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 38,
128 sq. ; and Byzantines, 131 sq. ; 151 ;
moves his capital to Sāmorrā, 131, 276,
285; 295
Mutawakkil, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad,
intolerance of, 288, 292; 131; and Egyptian
fleet, 132
Mutawakkil, last Abbasid Caliph of Cairo,
642
Mu'tazilites, Muslim sect, persecution of,
288; 291 sq. ; 294; 301
Muti', Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 277
Muwaffaq, famous teacher at Nīshāpūr, 305


## p. 963 (#1005) ###########################################

Index
963
Muzalon, Byzantine general, defeated by
Osman, 657
Muzalon, George, made regent by Theodore
II, 506; murdered, 430, 507
Myconus, island of, becomes Venetian, 457,
465; becomes Turkish, 466; 476
Mylae (Milazzo), Byzantine feet defeated at,
141
Myra in Lycia, 127, 150; Venetians at,
410
Myriocephalum, defeat of Manuel I at, 362,
378
Mysia, assigned to Latin Emperor, 421, 426,
657
Mysticus, see Nicholas Mysticus
Mytzês, son-in-law of John Asén II of
Bulgaria, 525, 528
Nacolea in Phrygia, besieged by Saracens,
124; bishop of, see Constantine
Nadim, compiler of Arabic “Index," 290
Naimans, Mongol tribe, and Jenghiz Khan,
631; 632
“Naked” (youvoi), of Corfù, twelfth century
communistic sect, 760
Nakhijevan, commercial town in Armenia,
162; church of, burnt by Arabs, 156
Nanchao, in Yunnan, 644
Naples, remains Byzantine, 36; and Sara-
cens, 136; Angevins of, and Achaia, 442,
444, 446 sq. ; Tocco family at, 455, 466;
539; and Herzegovina, 582; and Skander-
beg, 584 sq. ; Castel dell'Uovo at, 452;
King of, 559; see Charles, Ladislas, Robert
Narbonne, see Amaury
Narenta, on Dalmatian coast, 587
Narses, general of Justinian I, 385, 739
Nasi, see Joseph
Nāşir, Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, 278
Nāsir, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, defeats
Mongols, 651 sq. ; conquers Armeno-
Cilicia, 180
Nāşir Şalāḥ-ad-Dīn Yūsuf, Sultan of Aleppo,
defeated by Mongols, 175, 643
Nasīr-ud-Din Țūsī, Persian philosopher and
astronomer, 296, 299
Nasr, emir of Tarsus, 131
Nasr, Syrian rebel, and Emperor Leo V, 127
Nasr the Kurd, rebel against the Caliph, 129;
killed, 130
Nasr the Shi'ite, Arab emissary, 132 sq.
Naupactus, 244, 423; metropolitan of,
blinded by Constantine VIII, 97; see John
A pocaucus
Nauplia, 424, 433 sq. ; captured by Ville-
bardouin, 438; 441; bought by Venetians,
457, 461, 465, 476; becomes Turkish, 467;
archon of, see Sgouros
Navarino, bay of, 446; becomes Venetian,
461, 465; lost to Turks, 467
Navarre, King of, 455; Navarrese Company
conquer Achaia, 456, 474; Nerio Accia.
juoli and, 458
Navigajosi family at Lemnos, 436; driven
out, 445
Navy, see Fleet, Byzantine ; Fleet, Saracen;
the “ Tactics,” 58; see Maritime Code
Naxos, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141;
becomes Venetian seigniory, 421, 435,
439; 459; 465; dukes of, see Archipelago;
annexed by Turks, 468; Latin rule in, 473
Nazareth, surrendered to John I, 148
Nazianzen, see Gregory
Nea, see New Church under Constantinople
Neapolis, see Leontius
Neapal, see Novels
Néa Taktiká, list of ecclesiastical dioceses
drawn up by Leo VI, 58
Negropont (Chalcis), city of, under Vene-
tians, 435; taken by Turks, 466, 472;
hospice of friars in, 438; Latin Patriarch
in, 615
Negropont, island of, see Euboea
Nemanja, Stephen, see Stephen: dynasty
extinct, 555; 586
Neo-Caesarea, taken by Saracens, 120; 360;
Byzantine defeat at, 378
“Neokastra, duchy of,” 480; 488
Neopatras, principality of, founded by John
Ducas Angelus, 444; duchy of, conquered
by Catalans, 453; 455; 457; captured by
Turks, 458; dukes of, see Table, 475; see
John I, II
Neoplatonic, influence on Islām, 292 sq.
Nepi, bishop of, see Stephen
Nera, river, tributary of Danube, 355
Nerio I Acciajuoli, lord of Corinth, 456;
seizes Athens, 457; death, 458; 475
Nerio II Acciajuoli, Duke of Athens, 462 sq. ,
475
Neropch, aboriginal Balkan tribe, 550
Nerses, Katholikos of Armenia, and Byzan.
tine Church, 363
Nerses Lambronatsi, 170
Nesteutes, John, Byzantine canonist, 711
Nestóngos, cousin of John III, conspires
against him, 488
Nestor, Russian chronicle, 204, 209, 264 note
Nestorian, Patriarchs of Baghdad, wealth of,
289; bishop, see Cyprian; Christians, and
Arabic language, 290; Christians translate
Greek medical works into Arabic, 297;
Christians among Mongols, 631, 640; see
Chaldeans
Neuilly, see Fulk
Neva, river, 202
Nevers, count of, see William
Nicaea (Iznia), captured by Bardas Sclerus,
85; 117; 120; captured by Isaac I, 320;
321; 344; 365; capital of Seljūgs of Rūm,
315; Crusaders and, 337; captured by
Crusaders, 338, 352, 655; 383; 421; Latin
dukedom of, 422; Emperors at, Chap. XVI;
423 sqq. , 426 sqq. , 430, 439, 604 sq. ; loses
its importance, 513, 658; 607; 609; taken
by Ottomans, 542, 661; 657; 660 sq. ; 665;
667; sacked by Timūr, 683; 722; capital
of Opsician theme, 733; description of,
479 ; churches at, 479, 498; hospitals
at, 498, 513; Table of rulers, 516; Theo-
61-2


## p. 964 (#1006) ###########################################

964
Index
Nicetas, the Patrician, Byzantine admiral:
and Venice, 394
Nicetas Acominatus (Choniates), Byzantine
historian and theologian, 765 sq. ; on
Prêslav, 237; on sack of Constantinople,
420, 605; 423; 480 note; 351; 353 note;
363; and Theodore I, 482; 484 note; 486;
on death of Baldwin I, 520
Nicetas, joint compiler of the Ecloga, 709
Nicetas Stethatus,
see Stethatus
Nicetas the quaestor, and the Ecloga, 709
Nicholas, St, Venetians and relics of, 410
Nicholas Chrysoberges, Patriarch of Con.
stantinople, 89; death, 91
Nicholas Mysticus, Patriarch of Constanti
nople, and Leo VI, 57 sq. , 60, 62, 65
256; and Romanus I, 61; issues the Tomu:
Unionis, 60, 257; 753
Nicholas Í, Pope, relations with Bulgaria
45, 47; and Photius, 47, 53, 221; 248 sqq.
251; and Boris of Bulgaria, 236, 252
Nicholas II, Pope, signs treaty of Melfi, 59'
Nicholas III (John Gaetano Orsini), Pope
appealed to by Hethum II of Armenia
177; and Michael VIII, 613
Nicholas IV, Pope, and the Tsar Georg
Terteri, 530
Nicholas V, Pope, and Constantine XI, 624
and Turks, 692
Nicholas II de St Omer of Thebes, regent i
the Morea, 446
Nicholas Alexander Basaraba, Prince o
Wallachia, 593
Nicholas of Ilok, made King of Lower Bosni
by Matthias Corvinus, 581
Nicholas Orsini, count of Cephalonia, 458
475; despot of Epirus, 475
Nicholas Mesarites, metropolitan of Ephesus
and Cardinal Pelagius, 606; 746
Nicholas, bishop, Papal legate, 256
Nicholas, abbot of the Studion, and Photiu:
248, 255
Nicholas of Methone, Byzantine theologia
Nicholson, Dr, on Arab poetry, 290
Nicole, discoverer of Leo VI's Book of t?
dore II's eulogies on, 501, 506; emir of, see
Abu'l-Qāsim; Councils of, see Councils;
bishop of, see Eustratius; archbishop of,
see Bessarion
Patriarch of Constantinople at, Theo-
dore I crowned by, 482; 486; 488; 497;
jurisdiction of, 498; Theodore II and,
500 sq. , 506; Michael VIII crowned by,
508; and Epirus, 490, 497,607; and Serbian
Church, 521; and Bulgarians, 523; see
Arsenius, Germanus; see also Church
Niccold Acciajuoli, invested with Corinth,
454
Niccolò Altomanović, Bosnian ruler, 591
Niccolò I, Duke of the Archipelago, 475
Niccolò Il Sanudo, “Spezzabanda,” Duke
of the Archipelago, 475
Niccold III dalle Carceri, Duke of the Arcbi.
pelago, murder of, 457; 475
Nicene Creed, 228, 254, 478
Nicephoritza, supporter of the Comneni, 326
Nicephorus I, Emperor, Logothete-general,
24; proclaimed Emperor, 25; reign of,
27 sqq. ; his death in battle, 29, 233; 34 sq. ;
his foreign policy, 36; war against Krum
Khan, 37, 232 sq. ; 38; wars against Hārūn
ar-Rashid, 126, 288; Italy and, 394 sq. ;
re-establishes the trißoký, 708; Novels of,
710
Nicephorus II Phocas, Emperor, 68 sqq. ;
proclaimed Emperor, 71; crowned, 72;
reign of, 72 sqq. ; Novels of, 74 sq. , 79, 89,
260, 715, 753; murdered, 77; 78 sqq. ; 83;
86; 100; 134; victories over Saracens,
144 sqq. ; Sicily and, 147; 151; and
Svyatoslav of Russia, 208; and Bulgarians,
239; 259; and Otto the Great, 76 sq. , 261;
and army, 741; and navy, 742; 754
Nicephorus III Botaniates, Emperor, 325 sq. ;
abdicates, 327; 329; 331 sq. ; 408; ex-
communicated by Pope Gregory VII, 598;
Novels of, 720
Nicephorus I Angelus, despot of Epirus, son
of Michael II of Epirus, betrothed to
grand-daughter of John III, 494; defeats
Nicaeans, 508; 444; 448; 475; married,
503
Nicephorus II, despot of Epirus, 455; 552;
475
Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
11; 13; 17; 26; quarrel with Studites, 28;
Leo V and, 30, 38; 32 sq. ; 35; account
of Bulgarian settlement, 230; 248; 765
Nicephorus, bishop of Heraclea, 65
Nicephorus, nominated by Constantine IX
as his successor, 115
Nicephorus, sacellarius of Michael Ceru-
larius, 268, 270
Nicephorus Uranus, see Uranus
Nicetas, archbishop of Nicomedia, and
Anselm of Havelberg, 600
Nicetas, count of Opsicium, defeated by
Saracens, 124
Nicetas, the Paphlagonian, brother of
Michael IV, made duke of Antioch, 102
Prefect, 716
Nicomedia (Izmid), 118; 321; taken 1
Byzantines, 331; 367; taken by Latin:
424 sq. ; 480 sqq. ; Thierri de Loos at, 48
Latin bishopric at, 487; "duchy" o
488; 490; 494; 657; 660 sq. ; taken !
Orkhān, 662 sq. ; 668; 676 sq. ; capital
Optimatian theme, 733; gulf of, 33, 48
582; bishop of, see Constantine; arc)
bishop of, see Nicetas
Nicopolis, theme of, 733; 244, 436
Nicopolis, Great, on the Danube, 55'
Ottoman victory at, 561, 618, 675 sq. ; 61
Nicopolis, Little, on the Danube, 675
Nicosia, coronation city of kings of Cypru
469; burnt by Egyptians, 470; captured 1
Turks, 472; archbishop of, 470 sq.
Nihāwand, 308
Nika riot at Constantinople, 754, 759
766


## p. 965 (#1007) ###########################################

Index
965
Nikli, High Court of Achaia at, 441;
“Ladies' Parliament” at, 443
Nile, river, 295
Nilufer, mother of Murād I, 673
Nilus, beresy of, 350
Nilus, St, in Italy, 258
Nimrūz, see Tāj-ad-Din
Nine Orders, convent of, see under Con-
stantinople, churches of
Ninoslav, ban of Bosnia, see Matthew
Niphon, Bogomile monk, 363
Niš, Bulgarian and Serbian town, 238;
Crusaders at, 336; 519; taken by Turks,
557, 673; 571; Turkish defeat at, 584,
624; 688; bishopric of, 243
Nishāpur, Seljūgs at, 304; 305; university
founded at, 306; ravaged by Ghuzz, 313;
destroyed by Mongols, 633
Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, captured by Curcuas,
143; 147; church built at, 289
Nizām-al-Mulk, vizier of the Great Seljūg
Alp Arslān, 299; 305 sq. ; treatise of, 305;
and Antioch, 307; disgrace and death, 308;
309 sq. ; 313
Nizāmīyah University at Baghdad, founded,
305; at Niskāpūr, 306
Njeguš, in Montenegro, 586
Nobilissimus, title, reserved for royalty, 730;
bestowed on sons of Constantine V, 13;
on Constantine the Paphlagonian, 105
"Noble War" of Constantine V against
Bulgarians, 232
Nogai Khan, Tartar chief, marries daughter
of Michael VIII, 527; kills Ivailo, 530
Nogent, see Guibert de
Nomisma, Byzantine gold coin, 4; under the
Comneni, 348; see also Coinage
Nomocanon (digestof Canon Law), translation
into Slavonic by Methodius, 229
Nomocanon titulorum, 711
Nomocanon XIV titulorum, 711; see Syn-
tagma
Nomocanon of Doxopater, 723; of Aristinus,
723; ascribed to Photius, 724
Nomocanones, see Canon Law
Nouoc moitikol (civil laws), 720
Nomophylax, office of, instituted by Con.
stantine IX, 114, 719 sq.
Νόμος γεωργικός, see Rural Code
Νόμος ναυτικός, see Maritime Code
Νόμος στρατιωτικός, see Military Code
Normans, in Italy, 92, 112, 266, 352, 354,
358; in Sicily, 103; in Macedonia, 245;
defeat Argyrus, 268; 273; 322; 325;
Michael VII and, 326; and Alexius I, 328 sq. ,
332 sq. , 341 sqq. ; at court of Manuel I,
362; war with Manuel I, 368 sq. ; 383; and
Venice, 407 sqq. , 411 sq. , 414; 595 sqq. ;
in Byzantine army, 347, 598, 738; in.
fluenced by Byzantine law, 725; by
Byzantine art, 776 sq.
Norway, Northmen from, 738; 746
Nossiae, convent of, built by Leo VI, 59
Notaras, Lucas, Grand Duke, opposition to
Union,625; at siege of Constantinople, 698
Notarial profession at Constantinople, 716
Notitia, work of Philotheus, see Kleterologion
Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae, 450,
746, 748
Noto in Sicily, raided by Saracens, 137 sq.
Novels, Chap. xxn passim; of Leo VI, 58,
723 sqq. ; of Romanus I, against the
"Powerful,” 62,92 sq. ; of Constantine VII,
66; of Nicephorus II against monks, 74,
260, 753; abrogated, 79; of John I, 82;
of Basil II, 89, 92, 94; of Constantine VIII,
98; of Romanus III,99; of Constantine IX,
founding school of law, 114, 706; of
Alexius I, 332, 349; of Manuel I, 364, 720
Novgorod, Russian trading centre, 202 ;
government united with Kiev, 204; Vladi.
mir made prince of, 208 sq. ; saved from
Mongols, 637
Novi, see Castelnuovo, 557
Novibazar, destroyed by Serbians, 356, 517;
Serbian capital, 523; Sanjak of, 522, 556;
see Rascia
Novobrdo, silver mines of, 549; captured by
Turks, 570, 576
Nur, destroyed by Mongols, 633
Nūr-ad-Din, son of Zangi, Sultan of Damas-
cus, and Mleb of Armenia, 170 sq. ; 299;
317, 374 sqq.
Nyitra, Hungarian river, 214; bishop of, see
Wiching
Nymphaeum, 344; 430; residence of John III
at, 488, 495, 513; 497; 500; ruins at, 514;
treaty of, 431, 510 sq.
Nyssa in Cappadocia, 130; 134
Ob, river, 631
Obdormitio S. Cyrilli, 221
Obelerius, Francophil doge of Venice, 393;
made spatharius, 394; deposed, 395
Obilić, see Miloš Kobilio
Obod, first Slavonic printing press at, 587
Ochrida, 242; taken by Normans, 329; by
Theodore Angelus, 427; ceded to John
III, 494; 524; 538; lake of, 240; see of,
created, 243, 259; metropolitan of, crowns
Theodore Angelus, 427; Bulgarian Patri-
arch resides at, 522; Moldavian and
Wallachian Churches dependent on, 568;
archbishops of, see Basil, Demetrius, John,
Leo, Theophylact
Oderzo, sack of, 386 sq.
Odo, bishop of Beauvais, 250 note
Odo of Deuil, 601 note
Oeconomus, Grand, see Joseph
Oenaeum, on Black Sea, 381; declares for
Emperors of Trebizond, 480; 487
Oeta, Mount, 444
Ogdai Khan, Mongol Great Khan, and
Hethum I of Armeno-Cilicia, 175; 633;
succeeds his father, 635; conquests of,
636 sq. ; death, 638 sqq. ; house of, ceases
to rule, 645; worshipped in China, 146;
648
Ogelen Eke, see Yulun
Oghuz Khan, Turkish chief, 631


## p. 966 (#1008) ###########################################

966
Index
149;
Oka, Russian river, 193
Olbia, Greek colony on Black Sea, 183
Old Testament, translated into Slavonic,
226, 229
Oleg, Prince of Kiev, 204; treaty with By-
zantines, 205; 207
Oleg, son of Svyatoslav, killed by his brother,
208
Olga, Princess of Kiev, baptised, 66, 207;
208
Olivolo (Castello), bishopric of, 387, 398;
foundation of, 392 sq. ; 397; bishop of,
see Christopher
Olona, pactum of, between Venice and
Berengar, 400
Olovo, silver mines of, 556
Olympus, Mt, in Bithynia, 67; 80; 114;
216 sq. ; 219; 256; 660; 753
Omar Beg, Emir of Aidin, 662
Omar I, Caliph, the fiscal system of, 282;
288; 302
Omar II, Umayyad Caliph (ibn 'Abd-al.
‘Aziz), 119, 288
Omar, Caliph, Leo VI's letter to, 59
Omar, emir of Melitene, captures Amisus,
42, 46; 129, 131 sqq. ; killed, 134
Omar ibn Hubaira, Saracen leader, 119 sq.
Omar Khayyām, poet and astronomer, 298
89. , 305, 308
Omar, Ottoman governor of Thessaly, 463;
captures Athens, 464
Omurtag, Khan of Bulgaria, reign of, 234
sq. ; and Leo V, 30, 37; defeats Thomas
the Slavonian, 35
Onan Kerule, see Deligun Buldagha
Onon, river, 631 sq.
Ooryphas, Byzantine admiral, 128
Opsician theme, created, 732; 2 sq. ; 12 sq. ;
loyalty of, 36; 479; conquered by Latins,
481; count of, 124, 126, 734
Optimatian theme, 3, 733; Domestic of,
734
Opus, Constantine, leader of unsuccessful
expedition to Sicily, 150
Opus, general of Alexius I, 331
Oracles, work of Leo VI, 59
Orbevieto, bishop of Civitavecchia, sent to
Nicaea, 609
Ordinatio, of Thionville, for government of
Venice, 394 sq. , 398
Ordu Balig, palace of Ogdai Khan, 640
Organas, chief of the Utigars, becomes a
Christian, 188
Orkhān, Ottoman Sultan, marries Byzantine
princess, 543; 544; captures Brūsa, 660;
succeeds bis father, 661; successes of,
662; assumes title of Sultan, 663; mili-
tary policy, 663 sq. ; and John VI, 665 sqq. ;
death of, 668; 669; 673; 593
Orkhân, Ottoman prince, son of Sulaiman,
blinded by Mūsd, 686
Orkhăn, Ottoman prince, 693; claims sup-
ported by Constantine XI, 694; at siege
of Constantinople, 701
Orkhon, river, 631
Orleans, duke of, 618; canon of, 620; see
Payen
Orontes, river, Burtzes defeated on,
176; 359 sq. ; valley of, 343
Orotn, see John of
Orphanotrophos, see John
Orseoli, Venetian noble family, 403, 407
Orseolo, John, doge-consort of Venice, 404;
marries Maria Argyra, 94, 406
Orseolo, Orso, see Orso
Orseolo I, Peter, doge of Venice, 403
Orseolo II, Peter, doge of Venice, 94; 395
89. ; foreign policy of, 404 sq. ; and Otto II,
405; significance of his reign, 406
Orseolo III, Otto, doge of Venice, 404, 406
sq.
Orseolo, Vitalis, see Vitalis
Orsini dynasty in Cephalonia, 455, 461, 473
sq. ; monument at Arta, 453; see John,
Matteo
Orsini, John Gaetano, see Nicholas II, Pope
Orso, see Ursus
Orso Orseolo, bishop of Torcello, and Patri.
arch of Grado, 404, 407
Orthodoxy, festival of, 41
Oshin, King of Armeno-Cilicia, 179
Oshin of Gorigos, regent of Armeno-Cilicia,
179
Oshin, lord of Lambron, taken prisoner by
Thoros II, 170
Osmān (Othman, 'Uthmān), founder of the
Ottoman dynasty, 653 899. ; and Cata-
lans, 657 sq. ; and Andronicus II, 659;
death, 660; 661; 668; 593
Ossetes, Alan tribe, subdued by Russians,
207
Ostan, 182
Ostia, bishop of, see Donatus, Ubaldo
Ostikans, Saracen governors of Armenia,
156; 161; of Azarbā’ijān, 158; see Afshin,
Yūsuf; of Mesopotamia, see Ahmad
Ostoja, Stephen, King of Bosnia, 565 sqq. ,
573 sq. ; 591
Ostrovo, battle of, 110; 494; lake of, 493
Othmān, Caliph, and the Chazars, 188
Othmān, see Osman
Othon de la Roche, becomes Megaskyr (Sire)
of Athens, 433; 438 sq. ; 451; 475
Othrys, Mt, 444
Otranto, 18; 110; province created by Nice-
phorus II, 260; Church in, 737
Otrar, death of Tīmūr at, 651
Otto I, the Great, Emperor of the West, 66;
260 sq. ; embassy to Nicephorus II, 76;
plan of a Byzantine marriage for his son,
77; 145; and Géza of Hungary, 213 ;
coronation of, 259; and Venetians, 402
Otto II, Emperor of the West, marriage to
Theophano, daughter of Romanus II, 68,
81, 147; defeated by Saracens in South
Italy, 149; 385; Venetians and, 403 sqq.
Otto III, Emperor of the West, 91; at Venice,
405 sg. ; proposed marriage, 94; death, 94
Otto IV, of Brunswick, Emperor of the West,
415


## p. 967 (#1009) ###########################################

Index
967
Otto of Brunswick, husband of Joanna of Pallavicini, the, become lords of Boudonitza,
Naples, Prince of Achaia, 456, 474
422
Ottoman Turks, Chap. XXI; Chap. XVIII Pallavicini, Guido, Marquess, lord of Boudo.
passim; in Greece, 458 sq. , 463 sqq. , 543; nitza, 433, 439
wars with Venetians, 466 sq. ; capture Palli, Cape, Venetian victory at, 329
Naxos and Chios, 468; Cyprus, 472; 473; Palmann, captain of the guard to Stephen
Magnesia, 499; 513; 517; 522; 530; 532; Dušan, 546
534; 542; and John VI, 543, 616; first Pamirs, the, included in empire of Khwar-
settlement in Europe, 544; threaten By- azm Shāh, 633
zantium, 614 sq. , 617 sqq. ; 620; 623 sq. ; Pamphylia, 353 sq.
peril to Europe, 596, 675; and the Cali- Pamphylians, Byzantine warships, 743
phate, 642; and Mongols, 650 sq. ; weak- Pancalia, battle of, 86, 90
ened by battle of Angora, 684 sqq. ; effects Panderma, occupied by Latins, 481
of conquest of Constantinople, 629; and Pannonia, Roman province, 184; Avars and
Byzantine Church, 625; become European Turks. in, 186; in ninth century, 211;
power, 705; Table of Sultans, 593; Arme- overrun by Bulgars, 234; 386; Upper,
nians and, 182; heirs of the Seljūgs, 300, conquered by Magyars, 212 sq. ; Panno.
315, 317
nian Lives of SS. Cyril and Methodius, 216
Ousiai, Byzantine warships, 743
699. , 224, 226
Oxus, river, 303 sq. , 306 sq. , 311, 313 Pansebastos, title, granted to Thoros II of
Oxylithus, battle of, 85
Armeno-Cilicia by Byzantines, 171
Pantaleone, of Amalfi, and Papal election, 597
Pachymeres (Pachymer), George, Byzantine Pantellaria, island, 136
historian, 499 sq. , 508 note; on Turks, Pantepoptes, church of, see under Constanti.
655, 765
nople, churches of
Pacta, Venetian treaties with Western Em. Panteugenus, Soterichus, heretical priest
pire, 395; pactum of Pavia, 398; Mantua, condemned by Manuel I, 363
400; Olona, 400; with Lothar, 401; of Panticapaeum, see Bosphorus
Rome, 402; of Mülhausen, 405; Conrad II Pantokrator, church and monastery of, see
refuses to ratify, 407
under Constantinople, churches of
Padua, and Venice, 412; Manuel II at, 618 Paoki, in China, 635
Pagasaean Gulf, 453, 465
Paolo Veronese, picture of defence of Scu-
Pahlavi, Arabic translations from, 298
tari, 586
Pahlavuni, Vabram, Armenian generalis- Papacy, the, and Byzantine Church, Chaps.
simo, 164; crowns Gagik II, 165
IX, XIX, 112 sqq. ; and Photian schism, 47,
Pahlavuni, Vasak, Armenian general, his 53 sq. ; 56, 248 sqq. ; and Leo VI's mar.
mysterious death, 164
riage, 57, 256; and Iconoclastic Empe-
Pairis, in Germany, abbot of, see Martin rors, 4, 8, 17 sq. ; and Constantine VII,
Palaeologi, family, 454, 771; origin of, 503; 139; and Alexius I, 329, 333, 345; and
dynasty, 777 ; 764 sq. ; see Andronicus, Manuel I, 366, 369 sq. ; and Michael VIII,
Constantine, Demetrius, John, Manuel, 444,528; and John III, 496 sq. ; and Theo-
Michael, Theodore, Thomas
dore II, 505; and Franks, 17 sq. , 391;
Palaeologus, Andrew, son of the despot and Lombards, 17 sq. , 391; and SS. Cyril
Thomas of the Morea, 464
and Methodius, 121, 224 sqq. ; and dis-
Palaeologus, Andronicus, father of Michael pute between Grado and Aquileia, 389,
VIII, 492 sq.
408; and Venice, Chap. xm passim; and
Palaeologus, John, brother of Michael VIII, Normans, 595 sqq. , 601; and Western
made governor of Rhodes, 504; and Empire, 596, 600 sq. , 603, 608; and Illy-
Epirotes, 508
ricum, 58; sends crown to Simeon of Bul.
Palaeologus, Michael, general of Manuel I, garia, 238; and Bulgarian Church, 45, 47,
in Italy, 369 sq.
62, 252; and Bosnians, 518, 526, 532; and
Παλαία Τακτικά, list of ecclesiastical dio- Serbia, 534, 537, 548; and Lemnos, 477;
ceses, 58
and Samothrace, 477; and Latin clergy
Palamas, Byzantine mystical writer, 766 of Antioch, 361; and Armenian Church,
Palermo, captured by Saracens, 37, 135 sqq. ; 159, 172, 178, 189; and Ottomans, 669 sq. ,
by Normans, 408; Byzantine mosaics at, 690 sq. ; and Mongols, 639 sq. ; disputed
777
Papal election, 91; see also Councils,
Palestine (Holy Land), 10; monks of, 34, Popes, Latin Church, Roman Church
753; 123; 125; John I's victories in, 148; Paphlagonia, theme of, 39, 733; 117; 120;
Egyptians in, 175 sq. , 178; Byzantine 320; 382; subdued for Trebizond, 480;
protectorate in, 259; occupied by Seljūgs, Turks in, 656 ; Paphlagonian wife of Con-
277; Mongols in, 279; 280; Latin princes stantine VI, 22; "the Paphlagonian,'
of, 333; 339; 354; 373; 375; 377; Vene- see Michael IV, Emperor
tians in, 410 sq. ; 519; 521; 611; Byzan. Paphlagonians, family of Michael IV, 102,
tine law in, 723
106 sqq.


## p. 968 (#1010) ###########################################

968
Indeir
Paracamus, Byzantine commander, takes
possession of Armenia, 166
Lapaypapal, explanatory notes on laws, 707
Parakat IV, King of Iberia, treaty with Ro-
manus III, 100
Parakoimomenos (chief chamberlain), office
of, 730; see Basil
Paraphrase of the Institutes, by Theophilus,
707, 721
Paraspondylus, Leo, minister of Theodora,
and Michael VI, 116 sq. ; 320
Parastron, see John
Haparitia, method of explaining Justinian's
laws, 707; in Prochiron auctum, 722
Parenzo, and Venice, 412; Byzantine art at,
768
Paris, Baldwin II at, 429; Manuel II at,
618,678; Parlement at, 441; 558; Greek
scholarships at, 616; 637; Armenian
embassy to, 181; Armenian church at,
163; Byzantine MSS. at, 510, 713, 769;
Constantinople compared with, 745;
bishop of, see Aeneas
Paristrium, duchy of, created, 243
Parium, ravaged by Turks, 344
Parma, see John of; bishop of, see Cadalus
Paroikia, castle of, 437
IIápolkos, Byzantine peasant, compared with
Western villein, 772
Paroïr, ancestor of the Bagratuni, 157
Paros, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141 ;
Venetian, 467, 476
Parthenon, the, 242; as Latin cathedral,
433, 458 sq. ; Latin archbishop leaves, 464
Parthia, 154, 157
Particiaci, Venetian ducal house, 396 sqq. ,
401, 407
Particiacus, Agnellus, doge of Venice, 395;
builds first ducal palace, 396; appoints
tribunes, 397
Particiacus, Badoero, brother of doge John,
399
Particiacus, John, doge of Venice, 399 sq.
Particiacus, Justinian, doge of Venice,
builds first church of St Mark, 396 sq.
Particiacus, Peter Badoero, doge of Venice,
401
Particiacus, Ursus, doge of Venice, and
Patriarch of Grado, 399
Particiacus, Ursus (Paureta), doge of Venice,
400
Particiacus, Ursus, see Ursus
Paschal I, Pope, appealed to by Theodore of
Studion, 32; 33
Paschal II, Pope, and Alexius I, 345, 354,
596; and Bobemond of Antioch, 600
Pasha (Sanjakbey), Ottoman title, 664
Passau, bishopric of, 211, 221, 223; 227;
bishop of, see Hermanric
Passava, Latin castle in Greece, 473
Paterikon, Slavonic translation of a, by St
Methodius, 229
Pathfinding Virgin, famous image of, see
under Constantinople
Patmos, attacked by Saracen pirates, 141;
monastery at, 349; surrendered to Turks,
672; see Christodulus of
Patras, 6; attacked by the Slavs, 37; 50;
frescoes at, 446; Acciajuoli at, 454; leased
by Venetians, 459, 476; surrenders to Con.
stantine Palaeologus, 460; ceded to Turks,
463; burned by Turks, 692; silk manufac-
tures at, 770; Latin archbishop of, 437
Patria Potestas, in Byzantine law, 709
Patriarchate, Patriarchs, of Constantinople,
see under Constantinople, Nicaea; and
the Emperor, 729, 753; Patriarchate of
Antioch, 343; Patriarchate of Aquileia,
see Aquileia; Patriarchate of Baghdad,
289; Patriarchate of Grado, see Grado;
Patriarchate of Bulgaria (Préslav), 238,
240, 243, 490, 520, 522; recreated by John
Asên II, 523; Patriarch executed by
Theodore Svetslav; 531; 542; 560;
Patriarchate of Jerusalem, 173; see Euthy-
mius; Patriarchate of Moldavia, 568; and
Serbia, 542, 554; Patriarchate of Serbia,
created by Stephen Dušan, 542, 547 sq. ;
and Constantinople, 554, 578; Latin Pa-
triarchate of Constantinople, 419, 421, 426,
431; of Antioch, and Jerusalem, 599;
Eastern Patriarchs at Ferrara, 621; P&-
triarch of the Armenians, see Katholikos;
see Church
Patrician, title of, 730, 733; 742
Patzinaks (Patzinakitai), Turkish tribe, 38
sq. , 112, 192, 195, 197 sqq. , 204, 207 sq. ;
and Vladimir the Great, 209 sq. ; before
Constantinople, 212; 238 sq. ; raids in
Bulgaria, 242, 245; 322; raids into the
Empire, 324 sq. ; and Alexius I, 330 sqq. ,
597; defeated by John II, 354; in Byzan-
tine army, 347, 738; prince of, see Kurya
Patzus, Byzantine jurisconsult, 714, 722
Pau, Pedro de, defends Acropolis at Athens,
457
Paul, St, the Apostle, 42; Epistles of, trans-
lated into Slavonic, 225
Paul, Patriarch of Constantinople, zealous
against images, 20; resigns, 20
Paul I, Pope, and confirmation of papal
election, 246
Paul II, Pope, and Skanderbeg, 585
Paul Boua Spata, sells Lepanto to Venetians,
459
Paul, exarch, killed at Ravenna, 390
Paul the Silentiary, poem on Constantinople,
746, 762
Paul, strategus of the Armeniac theme, de.
feated and killed by Saracens, 122
Paul Subió, ban of Bosnia, 591
Paul, count of Opsicium, defeated by Sara-
Paul, bishop of Ancona, Papal legate, and
St Methodius, 227 sq.
Paul, the patrician, Byzantine admiral, 394
Paul, praetor of Cephalonia, Byzantine ad.
miral, 395
Pauler, on Magyars, 195 sqq.
Paulicians, in Asia Minor, their iconoclastic
cens, 126


## p. 969 (#1011) ###########################################

Index
969
zeal, 7; at Constantinople, 29; persecuted
by Theodora, 42, 46, 132; raids on the
Empire, 134; war with Basil I, 139; 737
Paulinus, Patriarch of Aquileia, takes refuge
at Grado, 386
Paulus, punished for circulating Papal Bull
against Cerularius, 271
Panlutius Anafestus (Paulutio, Paulitio),
first doge of Venice, 388; 389
Paun (the "peacock” castle), defeat of Bul-
garians at, 245
Pavia, helped by Manuel, receives Byzantine
subsidy, 370; taken by Franks, 391; trade
at, 396; pactum of, 398; see William of
Paxo, island of, held by Venice, 466
Payen of Orleans, lands in Asia Minor, 480,
482
Pechenêgs, Slav name for Patzinaks, q. v.
Pécs (Fünfkirchen), bishopric of, founded,
214
Pécsvárad, abbot of, see Astrik
Pectoratus, see Stethatus
Pedro III, King of Aragon, 496
Pedro IV, King of Aragon, and Greek
duchies, 455 sqq. , 475
Pegae, Latin colony at, 480 sq. , 483; given
to Henri de Grangerin, 485; ceded to John
III, 487; recaptured, 488
Pege (Selymbria, Silivri), gate of Constan-
tinople, 512, 671, 697 sq.
Pegoraro dei Pegorari, receives fief in Euboea,
435
Ilcipa (Romaics of the Magister), Byzantine
legal manual, 718, 723
Pekin, 632; see Cambalu
Pelagonia, taken by Theodore Angelus, 427;
defeat of Michael Angelus at, 430; defeat
of William of Achaia at, 442 sq. ,
524
Pelagius, Cardinal, mission of, to the By-
zantine Church, 606
Pelecanum, Crusaders and Alexius I at, 338
Pelestrina, taken by Pepin, 394
Peloponnesos (Morea), Slavs of, 37, 42;
theme of, 39, 733, 737; and Byzantine
navy, 742; Saracen raids on, 141; Bul.
garian raids on, 240 sq. ; becomes Venetian,
421, 432; Latin lordship in, 422 sq. ; partly
recovered by Nicaea, 430; Chap. xv pas-
sim; see also Morea; strategus of, see
Theophylitzes
Pelusium, attacked by Byzantines, 133
Pempton Gate, see St Romanus
IIévntes (the “poor”), 51, 771
Pentapolis, the, revolt against Leo III, 9;
abandoned to the Franks, 36, 392; 393
Pentapyrgion, imperial coffer, 40
Pepin, King of the Franks, and Pope Stephen
II, 17 sq. , 391 sq.
Pepin, King of Italy, son of Charlemagne,
393 ; attacks Venice, 36, 394 ; death, 395
Pera, Dominicans at, 615; 696; 699
Perche, see Stephen of
Peredeo, Lombard duke, takes Ravenna,
390
Pereslavl, in Russia, destroyed by Mongols,
637
Pereyaslavets, see Prêslav
Pergamus, captured by Saracens, 2, 117;
344; 378; given to Hospitallers, 480 ;
Henry of Flanders at, 485; held by Turks,
657
Perge, bishop of, see Sisinnius
Peribleptos, St Mary, church of, see under
Constantinople
Perinthus, sacked by Turks, 695
Perm, Russian government of, 193
Permyaks, Ugrian tribe, 194
Pernik, in Bulgaria, besieged by Basil II, 242
Perrhe (Hişn Manşúr), 121
Persia, Sasanian dynasty of, 152, 274, 276;
Sasanian administration, and the Cali-
phate, 280, 283; learning under the
Sasanids, 297 sq. ; Sasanian coins in Bul-
gar, 193; Sasanid kings, see Chosroes,
Kawad, Piroz, Sapor, Yezdegerd; and
Armenia, 153 sq. , 159; 178; 287; 289; 631;
653; 689; Buwaihids in, 277; Seljūgs in,
164, 168, 278, 300, 302, 306, 317; war
with Byzantines, 386; conquered by Mon.
gols, 175, 279, 629, 640; Il-Khān dynasty
in, 644, 647; conquered by Tīmūr, 651,
679; Chazars and, 188; Magyars in, 195;
vassal dynasties in, 300; Shi'ites in, 301;
overrun by Ghuzz, 303; “History of,'
293; Persians in Armenia, 158, 162 sq. ;
in Saracen army, 122 sq. , 125, 127; in
Byzantine army, 38, 130, 736, 738; in-
fluence on Abbasid dynasty, 274, 276,
285; writers in Saracen literature, 290 sq. ,
295, 298; language, 295; philosophy, 296;
converts to Islām, 281; Persian favourite
of Mahomet II, 580; spelling of Tartar,
630; trade with Constantinople, 762; in-
Auence on Byzantium, 773; Persian Gulf,
278, 314, 633
Perugia, 608
Pervoslav Uroš, Župan of Rascia, and
Manuel I, 368, 373
Pescatore, Enrico, buccaneer in Crete, 434
Pesth, see Buda-Pesth
Peter, St, the Apostle, 32, 247; church of,
see Saint Peter
Peter of Courtenay, count of Auxerre, Latin
Emperor of Constantinople, defeat and
death, 427; 438; 607
Peter, Tsar of Bulgaria, 62; and Constantine
VII, 143; and Svyatoslav of Russia, 208;
243; 245; reign of, 238 sq.
Peter Asên, Tsar of Bulgaria, revolts against
Empire, 517 sqq. ; 590
Peter Bodin, Tsar of Bulgaria, see Constan-
tine Bodin
Peter I of Lusignan, King of Cyprus, offered
crown of Armenia, 181, 468; vigorous
reign of, 469 sq. ; 477
Peter II, King of Cyprus, and Genoese, 455,
470, 477
Peter, Prince of Hum, 591
Peter I Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
508 sq. ,


## p. 970 (#1012) ###########################################

970
Index
Peter II Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Peter III Mouchate, Prince of Moldavia, 593
Peter the Great, of Russia, and Mongols,
650
Peter I Candianus, doge of Venice, and
Slav pirates, 389, 400 sq.
Peter II Candianus, doge of Venice, and
Istria, 401
Peter III Candianus, doge of Venice, and
Patriarch of Aquileia, 401
Peter IV Candianus, doge of Venice, dynas-
tic ambition of, 401; murdered, 402; 403
69. ; 407
Peter, Patriarch of Antioch, Michael Cera.
larius and, 113, 262, 268, 270; and Leo
IX, 264, 267
Peter Marturias, Patriarch of Grado, 399
Peter Chrysolanus, archbishop of Milan, and
Greek Church, 345, 600
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, and
seizure of Constantinople, 601
Peter, bishop of Amalfi, legate of Leo IX,
and Cerularius, 269
Peter Damian, St, quoted, 408 note
Peter, bishop of Jesolo, 399
Peter Boua, Albanian leader, 463
Peter the Hermit, and his lawless troops,
334; reaches Constantinople, 336; de.
feated, 337
Peter the Sicilian, sent to Paulicians by
Basil I, 139
Peter the magister, general of Irene, cap.
tured by Saracens, 124
Petitions, Master of (o & ml Tŵr de hoewv), office
of, 731
Petrarch, on Greek feeling against Latins,
616
Petrion, see under Constantinople, churches
of
Petroë, battle of, 117 sq.
Petronas, brother of Theodora, campaign
against the Saracens, 46, 133; builds
Sarkel, 192
Petros Getadartz, Katholikos of Armenia,
mediates between John-Smbat and his
brother, 112; 163; betrays Ani to Con.
stantine IX, 165
Petrović, family in Montenegro, 587
Pettau, 211; 227
Pezineigi, see Patzinaks
Pezola, 64
Phangoria (Tamatercha, Tmutorakan),
Justinian II at, 189; Jews at, 190, 208
Phanariote Greeks, 588
Philadelphia, 344, 377, 383; Greek lord.
ship founded at, 423; French duke of,
480, 516; Turkish rule of, 654; 655; sur.
rendered to Turks, 671; metropolitan of,
and Michael VIII, 503
Philadelphion, see under Constantinople
Philagathus, John, anti-Pope, 91
Phileta, attacked by Seljūgs, 377
Philip of Swabia, King of the Romans, 415;
and Fourth Crusade, 416 sq. ; 421; 596,
Philip I of Anjou-Taranto (Philip II, titu.
lar Latin Emperor), 179; becomes suze-
rain of Greece, 448 sq. ; 452 sq. ; 614; 474;
476
Philip II of Taranto (Philip III, titular Latin
Emperor), 454; death, 456; 535 sq. ; 474;
476
Philip I, King of France, 337
Philip II Augustus, King of France, 415 sq.
Philip IV the Fair, King of France, 177
Philip VI of Valois, King of France, 179;
and Leo V of Armenia, 180
Philip of Antioch, made King of Armeno.