No More Learning

Grace endowed monastery on Clare Island off
Quentthat she was proclaimed, and £500 offered her apprehension,and troops were sent from Galway
reward for take the
ley has been long famous
the people, and her name
poetical compositions, both
brated, and these songs Ireland generally personified under the designation Granu Weal. Many these poetical produc
tions have obtained great popular celebrity, and stated the Anthologia Hibernica, that the year 1753, during the political contests the duke Dorset's administration Ireland, very popular song was composed, partly Irish and partly English, the old air Granu Weal; and another very popular song
the same air was composed the celebrated Jacobite Munster Bard, Shane Clarach Mac Donnell.
fortnight Grace and her men. Lodge says that Grace O'Malley was lady much
. *"owned the natives Connaught, who relate many adven “res and remarkable actions which she performed the sea with
the traditions English and Irish, her name cele
oastle Carrigahooly, but after siege more than they wereforced retire, being defeated the valour
**tcourageand undauntedspirit. These exploits wereperform
*by
*r Grace before and after her marriage with O'Flaherty, but
death and her marriage with Richard Burke, she be reconciled the government,and with her followers assisted English forces Connaught, and for her services said that
Elizabeth wrote her letter invitation the court,
con
Donal Mac Congail, (Mac Connell), died on the 14th June.
proclamation
not that they were outnumbered and overpowered the men Ireland, commanding their chiefs
their opponents. The men Brefney and the people O’Rourke gave quarter Bryan, the
Dunkellin, Loughrea, Kiltartan, Athenry, and Leitrim, the county Galway. Amongst other chiefs who attended along with Mac William Burke, Sydney says, “O’Malley came likewise, who original Irishman, strong galleys and seamen. ” This Richard Burke was married Grace O’Malley, daughter Owen O'Malley, chief Umaile, now the baronies Burrishoole and Murrisk, the county Mayo, over which territory the O'Malleys were the ancient chiefs and celebrated mariners. Grace O'Malley, called Irish Graine-ni-Mhaile, commonlypronounced Granu Weal, celebrated Irish history; she was first married
attend Dublin precisely May, for most the men Ireland were obedient their sovereign,
sequence which Grace, with some her galleys, set sail for Lon don about the year 1575, and she was received court with great
honours by the queen, who offered create her countess, which honour Grace declined, answering with great spirit and dignity,
that both them being Princesses they were equal rank, and they could, therefore, confer honours each other, but Grace said her majesty might confer any title she pleased her young son, child which was born ship-board during her voyage England, and said the queen knighted the child, who was called the Irish Tioboid-na-Lung, signifying Theobald the ships, from the circumstance his being born ship-board, and this sir Theobald Burke was created viscount Mayo by Charles
On her return from England curious circumstance men tioned have taken place her landing Howth for some provisions; proceeding the castle she found the gates closed, the family being dinner; Grace was indignant this dereliction
O'Flaherty, chief West Connaught, and secondly
Richard Burke, whom she had son Theobald, who was mander note on the side the English Connaught, reign Elizabeth was called
created viscount Mayo Charles
sir com the Theobald Burke, and was the Anthologia Hi
the coast Mayo, where she was buried, and mains her monument are still be seen there.
said some re Grace O’Mal
for Parliament was issued
Irish heroine
still remembered song; various
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ANNALs of THE FOUR MASTERs, A. D. 1585.
so that they came meet each other Dublin that command. Thither came the chiefs Tir
Annaly, the county Longford), both sides, namely, O'Ferrall Baun (the Fair), i. e. William, the son Donal, son Cormac O'Ferrall Buidhe
connell and Tyrone, namely, O'Neill (prince
Tyrone), Torlogh Luineach, the son Niall (the Yellow), i. e. Fachtna, the son Bryan, son
Conallach, son Art, son Conn, son Henry,
son Owen; and Hugh, the son Ferdorcha,
son Conn Bacach, son Conn, son Henry,
son Owen, namely, the young baron O'Neill, O'Conor Don, Hugh, the son Dermod, son who was nominated earl Tyrone that Parli Carbry, son Owen Caoch, son Felim
ment; and O’Donnell (prince Tirconnell), Hugh, the son Manus, son Hugh Duv, son Hugh Roe, son Niall Garv, son Torlogh
the Wine; Maguire (prince Fermanagh), i. e.
Cuchonacht, the son Cuchonacht, son Cu son Murtogh; the deputy Mac Dermott,
chonacht, son Bryan, son Philip, son Tho mas; O’Dogherty (lord Inisowen, Donegal),
Moylurg (prince Moylurg, the barony Boyle, Roscommon), namely, Bryan, the son Roderick, son Teige, son Roderick Oge (Mac Dermott), for Mac Dermott himself, i. e.
i. e. John Oge, the son John, son Conor Carrach; O'Boyle (chief
Donegal), Torlogh, the son
Felim, son Boylagh
Niall, son
Teige, the son Owen, was
old man far ad Hy Briuin
Roscommon),
Roderick, son Cathal. Thither went the
Siol Murray (the O'Conors Roscommon), with the chiefs their tribes, namely, the son
Geangach; O'Conor Roe, Teige Buighe, son
Sligo, i. e. Donal, the son
Teige Oge, the son Cathal Roe; O'Conor
Teige, son Cathal Oge, son Donal, son Owen, son Donal,
Torlogh Oge, son Torlogh More; and O'Gal vanced age; O’Beirne (chief
lagher chief Tirhugh Donegal), John, the son Tuathal, son John, son Roderick,
son Hugh. To this convention went Mac Ma hon (prince Oirgiall, the counties Louth and Monaghan), namely, Rossa, the son Art, son Bryan-na-moicheirghe (of the Early Rising),
son Redmond, son Glaisne; O’Kane (lord Oireacht-I-Chathain, O’Kane's country,
the county Derry), namely Roderick, the son Manus, son Donogh the Hospitable, son John,
son Avney; Conn, the son Niall Oge, son Niall, son Conn, son Hugh Buighe, the
O'Neills Clannaboy (O'Neill, lord Clannaboy, the counties Down and Antrim); Mac Gen nis (lord Iveagh, the county Down),
the Shannon, the county
namely, Hugh, the son Donal Oge, son
Donal Ciar (of the Dark Brown Hair). Thither
went the chiefs Gairbhthrian (the Rough dis
tricts), Connaught, namely, O’Rourke (prince herty. Thither went the earl Thomond, namely,
West Brefney,
Bryan, the son O'Reilly (prince
the county Leitrim), Bryan, son Owen O’Rourke;
East Brefney, the county
Donogh, the son Conor, son Donogh, son Conor, son Torlogh, son Teige O’Brien, and
son Donal, son Conor, son Teige O'Brien, having been
elected knight
Clare. There went thither Torlogh, the son Teige, son Conor O’Brien, and the lord the
western part Clan Cuilein the county
Clare), namely, Mac Namara, i. e. John, the son the O'Ferralls, (anciently princes and lords Teige; and Boetius, theson Hugh,son Boetius
Cavan), i. e. Sean Ruadh (John Roe, the Red haired), the son Hugh Conallach, son Maol mora, son John, son Cathal; and also his father's brother, namely, Edmond, the son Maolmora, both whom were contention with
Sir Torlogh, the Torlogh, son
each other about the lordship the country; also
namely, Carbry, the son Teige, son Carbry,
son Malachy. Thither went Teige, the son
William, son Teige Duv O’Kelly, (prince
Hy Maine, Galway, and Roscommon); O'Mad
den (lord Siol Anmcha Galway, now the barony Longford, and the parish Lusmagh, King's county), namely, Donal, the son
John, son Breasal. Thither went the earl Clanrickard (in the county Galway), namely, Ulick, (Burke), the son Rickard, son Ulick the Heads; and the two sons the Giolla Duv O'Shaughnessy (chief Kinel Aodha and Gortin the county Galway), namely, John and Der mod. No one of note went thither from the wes tern territory the province Connaught, except Murrogh-na-Dtuagh (of the Battle-axes), the son
Teige, son Murrogh, son Roderick O'Fla
Parliament for the county
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ELIZABETH. * * 549
Mac Clancy, the second knight of Parliament from
the same county. Thither went theson of O'Loghlin
of Burren (lord of Burren, in the county of Clare),
namely, Rossa, the son of Anthony, son of Mala Bear and Bantry,
chy, son of Roderick, son of Ana; Mac I-Brien of son Dermod, son
Ara (in Tipperary), namely, Murtogh, bishop of
Killaloe, the son of Torlogh, son of Murtogh, son
of Donal, son of Teige; O'Carroll (anciently
prince of Ely O'Carroll, in Tipperary and King's O’Mahony county), namely, the Calvach, son of William
Odhar, son of Ferganaimm, son of Maolroona, son
REIGN
of John; Mac Coghlan (lord of Dealbhna Eathra,
or barony of Garrycastle, in King's county), O’Mahony; and O’Driscoll More (lord Balti namely, John, the son of Art, son of Cormac ; more, the county Cork), namely Fingin (Flo O'Dwyer of Coill-na-Manach (lord of Kilnama rence), the son Conor, son Fingin, son nagh, in Tipperary), namely, Philip, the son of Conor. Thither went Mac Gillpatrick Ossory Anthony. Thither went the son of O'Brien of (Fitzpatrick, ancient times prince Ossory, Cuanagh (lord of the barony of Coonagh, county Kilkenny, and Queen's county, afterwards of Limerick), namely, Murtogh, the son of Tor barons and earls Upper Ossory), namely, Fin logh, son of Murtogh; the lord of Carrigogonel gin, son Bryan, son Fingin; Mac Eocha and of Fasaigh Luimnigh (districts adjoining gain (Mac Geoghegan, ancient times prince and Limerick, in the barony of Pubblebrien), namely,
Bryan Duv, the son of Donogh, son of Mahon,
son of Donogh, son of Bryan Duv O’Brien ;
Conor-na-moinge (of the Long Hair), the son of .
William Caoch, son of Dermod O’Mulrian, lord
of Uaithne O'Maoilriain (O'Ryan, lord of the
baronies of Owney and Owneybeg, in Tipperary
and Limerick). Some of the chiefs of the race of Leandmore, the son
Eogan Mor (the Eugenians of Desmond, descen O'Moores, princes Leix,
ded from Eogan Mor, or Eugene the Great, king and partly Kildare);
of Munster in the second century), and of their the son Cahir More, from Hy Failge (the subordinate chiefs, went to that Parliament, O'Conors, princes Offaly the King’s county, namely,Mac Carthy More ancient times prince and some adjoining parts Kildare and Queen's
son Cormac Oge, son Cormac Mac Donogh. Thither also went OSullivan Beire (O'Sullivan,
ancient times prince
Beara, now the baronies Cork), namely, Owen, the Donal, son Donogh, son
Dermod Balbh (the Stammerer); O'Sullivan
Dunkerron, Kerry), Owen, Donal, son Donal-na-Sgreadaighe; Fuinn Iartharach (or the Western
More (lord the son
District, the barony Iveragh, county Kerry), namely Conor, the son Conor Finn Oge, (young Conor the Fair), son Conor Finn, son Conor
Desmond, Cork and Kerry), Donal, the
son Donal, son CormacLadhrach (the Hasty);
went that Parliament
county); nor either the race Daire Barrach, the son Cahir More, namely, the O'Cavenaghs (Mac Murroghs, O'Cavenaghs, ancient princes and lords Leinster, Wexford and Carlow); O'Byrnes, O'Tooles (of Wicklow and Kildare);
Mac Carthy, Cairbreach (lord Carberry, the
county Cork), namely, Owen, the son Donal,
son Fingin (Florence), son Donal, son
Dermod-an-Dumaidh (of the Fortress); and the O’Dunn, (of the barony Tinnehinch, Queen's sons his two brothers, namely, Donal, the son county); O'Dempsey (lord Clammalire,
Cormac-na-Haine, and Fingin, the son the King's and Queen’s counties, and partly Donogh. Thither also went the two who were Kildare), that occasion. But, however, there contention with each other about the lordship came that Parliament the senior representative Duithche Ealla (the Mac Donoghs, branch the tribe Raghmall (the Ranelagh branch the Mac Carthys, who were lords the barony the O'Byrnes Wicklow), namely, Fiacha Mac Duhallow, county Cork), namely, Dermod, the
son Owen, son Donogh-an-Bhothair (of the
Road), son Owen Mac Donogh, and Donogh
lord Kinel Fiacha, comprising the barony Moycashel, with parts Rathconrath, and Fer tullagh, Westmeath), namely, Conla, the son Conor, son Laighne; O'Mulloy (lord Fercall,
King's county), namely, Conall, the son Cahir. not recorded that any one note
Hugh (O'Byrne), the son John, son Donal Glass of Glenmalure. These nobles all assembled
Dublin, where they remained considerable
the race Laoighseach Conall Kearnach (the the Queen’s county, the race Rossa Failge,
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550 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1585.
time; the Parliament, however, not being termi The governor of the province of Connaught (sir mated this year, they afterwards returned to their Richard Bingham), with a number of honorable homes”. men, and of the council of Dublin, proceeded into
2. The Irish Parliaments and Peerage. —An account of the beth, several the Irish princes and chiefs having made their Conventions of Tara, and of the great legislative assemblies held submission the crown, received peerages, and attended the in other parts of Ireland, constituting the Parliaments of the an Parliaments. 1316,Cox says the Irish Anglo-Irish petitioned cient Irish, has been given at p. 297, in the notes on Meath and for annual Parliament, and Davis says, that the reigns Bregia; and at p. 318 an account has also beengiven of the Irish, Henry VI. and Edward IV. Parliaments were held almost every or rather Anglo-Irish, Parliaments of the Pale, which, in early year, and sometimes two three Parliaments were summoned times, were attended only by the great Anglo-Irish lords of En
glish descent, as earls, barons, archbishops, bishops, and mitred
abbots, who assembled to make laws and regulations for the English
of the Pale, and such of the Irish in those teritories as were under
the English government; but the great majority of the Irish
princes and chiefs did not acknowledge the English authority, and
regulated their own affairs according to the ancient Irish laws of
Brehonism and Tanistry, down to the end of the reign of Elizabeth;
but in the beginning of the 17th century, in the reign of James 1. ,
the laws of Tanistry were abolished by act of parliament. At an early
period many of the Anglo-Irish lords adopted the Irish laws and
customs, but all those of English descent were prohibited, under
penalties of treason, felony, &c. , to use the Irish customs or laws
of Tanistry, by the act called the Statute of Kilkenny, passed in
A. D. 1367, in the reign of Edward III. In Cox's Hibernia An
glicana, and in the Tracts of sir John Davis, who was attorney
general to James I. in Ireland, accounts are given of various great
Councils or Parliaments, convened in Ireland at an early period by
the different Lords Lieutenant and Deputies, and held in the va
rious towns of the English Pale, or such places as were in posses
sion of the English, as Dublin, Drogheda, Trim, Kildare, Naas,
Castledermot, Carlow, Kilkenny, Cashel, Limerick, Waterford,
and Wexford. These Parliaments, it appears, were confined to
Meath, Leinster, and Munster, as the English authority was not
sufficiently established in Ulster and Connaught. In A. D. 1172,
king Henry II. held a great Council or Parliament at Lismore, in
Waterford, and also convened a Council of bishops and clergy at
Cashel. In the reign of king John some Councils, called Parlia
ments, were held ; and in 1264, in the reign of king Henry III. , a
Parliament was held at Kilkenny. In 1295, in the reign of Edward I. John Wogan, lord justice, convened a Parliament at Dublin, which
was attended by 27 of the Anglo-Irish barons, whose names are
given by Cox, as the Fitzgeralds, Burkes, Butlers, Barrys, Roches,
le Poers, Purcells, de Vernons, de Lacy's, de Carews, Stauntons,
and Berminghams. In 1302 a great Parliament was held in Dub
lin, attended, according to Cox, by 156 of the barons, bishops,
mitred abbots, &c. In the reign of Edward II. , A. D. 1309, a lands, promote Irish ecclesiastics any benefice, ap
Parliament was held in Kilkenny, under sir John Wogan, lord jus
tice, and Cox considers this was the first regular Parliament as
sembled in Ireland ; and another Parliament was held in 1310 at
Kildare. In 1315, on the invasion of Ireland by the Scots under
Edward Bruce, a great Parliament was convened in Dublin by the
lord justice, Edmond Butler, enact measures for opposing
the progress Bruce; and, according Cox, was attended Richard II. , when Ireland, held great Councils Parliaments
almost all the nobility English descent, with the four arch bishops, ten bishops, &c. , and likewise some the Irish lords, O'Neill Tyrone, O'Donnell Tirconnell, and O'Hanlon, lord
Orior, Armagh. This the first time any the Irish chiefs are mentioned have attended the Parliaments; and, according lord Mountmorres, his history the Irish Parliament, and sir John Davis, this was the first Parliament regularly assembled Ireland. Sir John Davis, his Tracts, 306, says that, “before the reign Henry VIII. , persons were permitted attend Parliaments but the English blood, English birth, for the mere Irish, those days, were never admitted, and the state did not hold them trusted with the counsel the realm and
for the bishops and archbishops, such were resident the mere Irish counties, and did not acknowledge the king
their patron, were never summoned any Parliament. ” Sir John Davis not quite correct this statement, for some the Irish chiefs occasionally attended the Parliaments, before stated, though seldom, but the reigns Henry VIII. , Mary, and Eliza
the compass year, which was such trouble and charge, that special law was made that there should but one Parliament held year. According Cox, there were grand and petty Parliaments held, the former being the regular Parliaments, wherethethreeestateswereassembled,while thelatter were only Councils occasionally called, and attended only
few, such the chief officers the government, &c. , but the grand Parliaments were attended the lords spiritual and tem poral, the knights, citizens, and burgesses. early times ap pears that the representatives, both nobility and commons, sat all together one assembly, but either the reign Henry VIII. Elizabeth, they had two separate houses, the barons and Bishops sitting the House Lords, and the knights, citizens, and bur gesses the House Commons, representatives counties, cities and boroughs, corporations; there was also third place
meeting for the clergy called the House Convocation; be
held 1367,
sides the bishops, the mitred abbots and priors also sat spiritual peers; and the archdeacons, deans, and proctors also attended Parliament. the note the suppression monasteries,
407, account has been given the mitred abbots and priors who sat spiritual peers the Irish Parliament. 1317, the lord deputy, Roger Mortimer, assembled Parliament Kilmain ham, and the reign Edward III. , various Parliaments were
Dublin and Kilkenny, mentioned Cox and Davis. the reign Edward III. , the lord lieutenant, Lionel,
Clarence, held the celebrated Parliament Kilkenny,
duke
which was attended almost all the Anglo-Irish barons, earls, archbishops, bishops, and mitred abbots, and which were passed
the acts called the Statute Kilkenny, enacting very severe penal laws against the Irish and Anglo-Irish, prohibiting all persons English descent, under penalties treason, felony, imprisonment, forfeiture lands and goods, &c. , from entering into intermarriages, fosterage, other alliances with the native Irish. The Anglo-Irish were also prohibited from using the laws Tanis try, Brehonism, adopting the Irish language, dress, manners,
customs, permit the Irish pasture their cattle their
point them bishops, abbots, &c. , entertain any Irish min strels Bards. 1369 sir William Windsor, lord deputy,
held Parliament Kilkenny, and another Baldoyle, near Dublin, and this time, according Cox, the price cow was
about groats, 3s. 4d. , and the pay soldier was 2d. day, whereof paid penny for his victuals. 1894 and 1399, king
Dublin. the reigns Henry IV. , and VI. , Edward IV. , Ri
chard III. , and Henry VII. , many Parliaments were held Dublin, Drogheda, Trim, Kildare, Kilkenny, and other chief towns and cities the English Pale. 1494, the reign Henry VII. , great Parliament was held Drogheda by the lord de puty, sir Edward Poyning, which was passed the Act called Poyning's Law, which renderedthe Irish Parliament completely subordinate the Parliament England, and Act could passed into law the Irish Parliaments until first submitted for assent the king and council England. The Irish Parliament was, great extent, independent the Parliament England till the passing Poyning's Law, which continued force for period 288 years, namely, 1782, when the Independence the Irish Parliament was obtained the Irish Volunteers, under the earl Charlemont, the duke Leinster, Grattan, Flood, and other eminent men, but after period eighteen years the Irish Parliament was extinguished, and became merged that Great
Britain 1800, the Act Union. A. D. 1525, the reign
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 551
the province ofConnaught, and they in the first enacted extraordinary decrees, viz. , ten shillings place came to hold a session in the monastery of were decreed for the queen out of every quarter Ennis, in the county of Clare, in which they (120 acres), both of lay and ecclesiastical lands in
Henry VIII. , a Parliament was convened in Dublin by the lord Baltinglass, and their adherents, who had joined the war deputy, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, which is mentioned in against Elizabeth, and confiscate their extensive estates. Cox these Annals, and it was attended by the O’Neill, namely, Conn, gives account the Acts passed this Parliament, and amongst and the O'Donnell, namely, Hugh, and many others of the Irish
chiefs. In A. D. 1537, a great Parliament was held at Dublin, Kilkenny, Limerick, and Cashel, by different adjournments under
the lord deputy, Leonard Grey, in which an Act of Attainder was passed against the earl of Kildare, and others of the Geraldines,
and also an Act to abolish the Pope's authority in Ireland, and to
appoint Henry VIII. supreme Head of the Church, to grant to
the king the lands and revenues of the religious houses, and to
suppress the abbeys and monasteries. In 1541, a great Parlia
ment was assembled in Dublin by the lord deputy, sir Anthony
St. Leger, in which the title of King of Ireland was conferred on Henry VIII. , and his successors, the kings of England being until
others, says there was an Act against witchcraft and sorcery. This Parliament was the greatest that till then had assembled Ireland, and Taaffe remarks that was the most independent and respectable that ever met Ireland since the Conventions of Tara. According Cox and Lodge, the following noblemensat
the House Peers, this Parliament:—Fitzgerald, earl Kildare; Butler, earl Ormond; Burke, earl Clanricard; Preston, viscount Gormanstown; Barry, viscount Buttevant, ancestor the earls Barrymore; Roche, viscount Fermoy Butler, viscount Mountgarrett; Butler, baron Dunboyne; Butler, baron Cahir Burke, baron Castleconnell; Berming ham, baron Athenry; Courcy, baron Kinsale; Fitzmaurice, baron Lixnaw, ancestor the earls Kerry; Poer, baron Curraghmore, Waterford; St. Lawrence, baron Howth;
that time only styled Lords of Ireland; in this Parliament the
abbeys and all religious houses were suppressed, and their reve
nues placed at the king's disposal. This Parliament was attended Plunkett, baron Killeen, ancestor the earls Fingall; Plun by almost all the earls, barons, and bishops, of English descent, kett, baron Dunsany; Plunkett, baron Louth Fleming, and also by many of the Irish chiefs, amongst others Bryan baron Slane; Barnwall, baron Trimlestown; and Nugent, Mac Gillpatrick, who had been created baron of Upper Ossory, baron Delvin; the Irish, the following—O'Neill, earl
and took the name of Fitzpatrick; O'Moore, lord of Leix; O'Ca venagh of Carlow; Donogh O'Brien of Thomond, and several
Brefney, or Cavan, was the person who attended this Parliament,
and St. Leger mentions in his dispatch that O'Reilly appeared in
a splendid dress, which had been sent him as a present by his
majesty. Cox mentions a curious circumstance, that the Irish
chiefs and lords who attended Perrott's Parliament in 1585, were
obliged to wear robes in the English fashion, but it appears they had
a great aversion to use the English dress, as they esteemedit a
mark of subjection, but the better to reconcile them to the lord deputy bestowed robes several them, amongst others,
Torlogh Luineach O'Neill, prince Tyrone, but Cox says, “the The Milesian Peerage. —As above stated, several the Irish
others. Amongst those who attended, the Great O'Reilly is
mentioned in the state papers, in the dispatch of St. Leger, and
he recommends the king “to create O'Reilly viscount of Caran,
becausehe was a man of great power in his own country;” it is
not, however, certain if O’Reilly was created a peer, but it is tra
ditionally said that some of the O'Reillys were barons or
earls of Cavan. Maolmora, or Miles O'Reilly, prince of East Munster; and the chiefs the old Irish race who attended were
Irish noblemen embraced the dresses like fetters, that O’Neill
desired the deputy make his chaplain walk the streets along with him Trowsers, for then, said he, the boys will laugh him well me. ” 1560, the reign Elizabeth,
Parliament was held Dublin the lord deputy, the earl Sussex, chiefly promote the eformation. 1569, the lord deputy, Henry Sydney, held great Parliament Dublin for the same purpose, and also extinguish the name and power
O'Neill, and confiscate the greater part Ulster the crown. 1585 was held the great Parliament above mentioned the Annals, and 1613, the reign James the lord deputy, sir Arthur Chichester, convened, Dublin, one the greatest Par
princes and peers who attended Perrott's Parliament, sat the House Lords, holding the rank earls and barons, but most the Irish chiefs were representatives counties and districts, and sat the House Commons, holding the rank knights. the old Irish Pentarchy, the monarch supreme sovereign was styled Ard-Righ, signifying the High-King, and each the five provincial kings Meath, Ulster, Connaught, Leinster, and Munster, was called Righ king. prince was also generally designated Righ, holding rank next that the provincial kings, and some these princes had their own territories all the power and authority kings. These principa lities varied extent, some containing territory equal least
liaments that ever met Ireland till that time, which was at two three baronies moderntimes; others large county,
tended by the nobility and men rank English descent,and also the representatives many the great Milesian families.
the account Perrott's Parliament, above the Annals, observed that the passages inserted parenthesis are not the Four Masters, but are all additions the text, explanatory the territories and rank the various Irish princes and chiefs who attended this Parliament, by these additions the text more easily and conveniently explained for the reader than great number small notes, which would otherwise ne
and some comprised territory equal extent two three
counties. The chief these princes were the O'Neills, kings Ulster, and princes Tir-Eogain, lords Clannaboy, &c. , the counties Tyrone and Derry, with parts Donegal, Down, and Antrim the O'Donnells, princes Tirconnell Donegal, with part Sligo; the O'Carrolls, princes Oirgiall, Louth, Mo naghan, and Armagh; and the Mac Mahons, afterwards princes
Oirgiall, and lords Monaghan the Mac Dunlevys, princes Ulidia Down and Antrim; the Maguires, princes Fermanagh; the O'Reillys, princes East Brefney Cavan, and the O'Rourkes, princes West Brefney Leitrim. The O'Conors, kings and
cessary. Full accounts the titles and territories all the Irish
princes, lords, and chiefs, have beengiven the course the
topographical annotations appended these Annals. Perrott's princes Connaught Roscommon, Galway, and Sligo the Mac Parliament was convened,according Davis, chiefly pass Acts Dermotts, marshals Connaught, and princes Moylurg Ros
Attainder against the earl Desmond; Fitz-Eustace, viscount common, with parts Sligo and Mayo, and modern times styled
Tyrone; O'Brien, earl Thomond Mac Carthy, earl Clancare; O'Brien, baron Inchiquin, and Fitzpatrick, baron Upper Ossory. According Cox, twenty bishops attended, and the four arch bishops, who were the following: John Long, archbishop Ar magh; Adam Loftus, archbishop Dublin; Miler Magrath, archbishop Cashel; and William Lally, O'Mulally, arch bishop Tuam. The Anglo-Irish representatives counties and
30 cities, and boroughs, were mostly from Meath, Leinster and
mostly from Ulster, Connaught, and Munster, but many also from Meath and Leinster. The members the great Anglo-Irish fa
milies the Pale who attended Perrott's Parliament, repre sentatives for counties, cities, &c. , were the Bellews, Barnwalls, Burnells, Netervilles, Nugents, Gernons, Taylors, Tyrrells, Fle mings, Dowdalls, &c. , Dublin, Meath, and Louth the Talbots, Trants, Whites, Walshes, Sarsfields, Butlers, Brabazons, Poers, Sherlocks, &c. , Leinster and Munster; and the Browns, Dil lons, Lynches, &c. , Connaught.
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552 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1585.
the country, except the liberties, which they them Thomond by the earl of Thomond, namely, by selves consented to confer on the gentlemen of the Conor, the son of Donogh O’Brien; they depri country; and five shillings to the lord of Thomond ved every chief of a Pobal (a district or clanship), in succession to the queen’s rent, out of every and every lord of a Triochad Cead (barony) quarter of land profitable and unprofitable, in the throughout the country, of their rents and titles entire country, except alone the liberties and (under the laws of tanistry), except John Mac church lands. They took the Triocha Cead Kinel Namara, lord of the western part of Clan Cuilein, Fearmaic (barony of Inchiquin), from the lord of who did not put his hand to that composition which Thomond, which was a rental land with his an they decreed; they made the same composition in cestors ever 'till them, and they gave the lordship the county of Galway, in the county of Roscom of that Triochad Cead (barony) to the baron of mon, in the county of Mayo, and in the county of Inchiquin, namely, to Murrogh, the son of Mur Sligo. ”
rogh, son of Dermod O’Brien; they also ordained O'Conor Don, i. e. Dermod, the son of Carbry, and decreed, in like manner, that the rents and son of Owen Caoch, died in Ballintober of St. the court of Corcomroe should be given to Tor Bridget (in Roscommon), at an advanced age, on logh, the son of Donal, son of Conor O'Brien, in the 16th of September, and was interred in the
succession to his father, to whom that country had been originally given from the lordship of
tomb of his ancestors at Roscommon.
princes of Coolavin in Sligo; the O'Kellys, princes of Hy Maine
in Galway and Roscommon; the O'Dowds, princes of Hy Fiachra
in Sligo and Mayo; the O'Heynes, princes of Hy Fiachra Aidhne
in Galway. The O’Melaghlins, kings of Meath, princes of Tara,
of Bregia, and of Clah Colman in Meath and Westmeath; the
Mac Geoghegans, princes of Kinel Fiacha in Westmeath; the
O'Ferralls, princes of Annaly or Longford.
The O'Conors, princes
of Offaley in King's and Queen's counties, and Kildare; the
O'Moores, princes of Leix, in Queen's county and Kildare; the
O'Carrolls, princes of Ely O'Carroll, in King's county and Tippe
rary; the Mac Gillpatricks or Fitzpatricks, princes of Ossory in
Kilkenny and Queen's county. The Mac Murroghs, kings of Lein the O'Carrolls, barons of Ely in King's county and Tipperary. ster, and princes of Hy Kinsellagh in Wexford, Carlow, &c. ; the
O'Tooles, princes of Imaile in Wicklow and Kildare. The O'Fe lans, princes of Desies in Waterford and Tipperary; the O'Briens, kings of Munster, and princes of Thomond in Clare, Limerick, and Tipperary; the Mac Namaras, princes of Clan Cuilein in Clare, and marshals of Thomond. The Mac Carthys, kings and princes of Desmond in Cork and Kerry, and some of their ancestors kings of Cashel; the O'Conors, princes of Kerry; the O'Donoghoes, princes of Lough Lein, and the O'Sullivans, styled princes of Beire or Beara in Cork, and lords of Dunkerron in Kerry. These prin ces held a rank equal to the princes, dukes, marquesses,and earls of England and other countries, and there were several other great chiefs sometimes styled princes in ancient times, but someof them should more correctly be called lords. The second class of the old Irish aristocracy may be designated Lords, the term Tighear na, or Tiarma, signifying a Lord. There were in Ireland of these lords about 200, each possessinga territory equivalent to a barony or sometimes two baronies, and they held a rank equal to barons.
The third class of the Irish aristocracy were denominated chiefs, the term in Irish being Taoiseach, and of these chiefs there were 600 or more in Ireland, all heads of clans, and each possessing a district equal in extent to about a parish or sometimes two parishes or more, and varying on an average from ten thousand to thirty thousand acres ; and these chiefs held a rank similar to that of the principal landed gentryof the country in modern times. All these lords and chiefs were subordinate and tributary to the princes, as the princesthemselvesweresubordinateandtributary totheprovincial kings, and the kings subject and tributary to the supreme monarch. The term Flaith was also sometimes applied to princes, lords, and chiefs, but mostly to military commanders and warriors. The term Tanaiste or Tanist was applied to the successor elect of a prince, lord, or chief, and Rioghdamhna or Roydamna, was the designation of an heir apparent or presumptive to any of the five provincial kingdoms, or to the monarchy.
The Mac Murroghs of Carlow, barons of Balian; the Mac Gill patricks or Fitzpatricks, barons of Gouran in Kilkenny, and earls of Upper Ossory, in the Queen's county; the O’Dempseys, vis counts of Clanmalire, and barons of Philipstown in the King's and Queen's counties. The O’Briens of Clare and Limerick, earls and marquesses of Thomond, earls of Inchiquin, viscounts of Clare, &c. The Mac Carthys of Cork and Kerry, earls of Clancare and Clan carthy, and viscounts of Muskerry and Mountcashel; the O'Cal laghans of Cork and Tipperary, viscounts of Lismore in Waterford; the O'Quinns of Clare, barons of Adare, and earls of Dunraven in Limerick, and the O'Gradys of Clare and Limerick, viscounts of Guillamore. An account of all the Irish princes, lords, and chiefs, and the territories possessed by each, has been given in the topo graphical annotations in the course of these Annals, and their ter ritories can be all ascertained on reference to the Indez and Map appended to this work.
3. State of Connaught and Thomond in 1585. -According to Cox in his Hibernia Anglicana, the lord deputy, sir John Perrott, issued a commission to sir Richard Bingham, governor of Con naught, and 20 other gentlemen, authorising them to compound between the Queen and the Subject, and between the Lord and Tenant, for cess, cuttings, and other uncertain exactions, and to
bring the inhabitants of Connaught andThomond (county of Clare), to a composition of paying 10 shillings per annum for every quar
ter of land containing 120 acres, besidesa certain number of soldiers amongst them on every Rising out or Hosting; they proceeded by inquisition by a jury to find out the number of ploughlands, and the county of Mayo was found to contain 1448 quarters of land, and paid £600 per annum, and contributed 200 foot and 40 horse at their own charge, when required, and 50 foot and 15 horse in such manner as the peers and English bishops ought to do, and this was done by Indenture, whereby they voluntarily renounced the Irish captainships, styles, and titles, and abolished the Irish Gavelkind and Tanistry, and agreed to hold their lands by Pa
The following are the Milesian princes, lords, and chiefs on whom peerages have been conferred by the sovereigns of England. The O'Neills, earls of Tyrone, and barons of Dungannon, and, in modern times, viscounts and earls O’Neill in Antrim ; the O'Donnells, earls of Tirconnell; the Mac Donnells, earls of Antrim, who were Scots of Irish descent; the Maguires, barons of Enniskillen ; the O'Reillys, viscounts of Cavan (? ); the Magenisses, viscounts of Iveagh, in the county of Down. The O'Haras, barons of Tyrawley and Kilmaine in Mayo; the O'Daly's, barons of Dunsandle in Galway. The O'Malones, barons of Sunderlin in Westmeath; the O'Sionachs or Foxes, barons of Kilcoursey in King's county and Westmeath;
--doulos on
death that ses the base
applying engines and machinery
. . . . . . . REIGN OFELIZABETH.
y -ono/N * - A. D. 1586, or
---- -—
553 The same governor, Sir Richard (Bingham), laid
-o
Galway,
month January,
Torlogh, son Mahon O’Brien, from whom the tribe of Mahon are called. certain number of
the governor's people were left there, who conti nued besiege the castle for three weeks, and the 22nd day the same month, set about ac tively and perseveringly take the castle; Mahon was then the battlements the castle, hurling
->
-o-o-o-o-
to
council the pro vince Connaught,
: SESSION As sizes), was held by
siege
Cluan Dubhain (Clan Owen castle
Sir Richard Bing ham, and by the
Clare); the person who was that castle was Ma hon, the son Torlogh, son Mahon, son
ision, amongst whom -- --"
it;
were Donal, the
the
andseventy men and
women were put down stones and rocks the people who were
him, that, being directly ball, he was killed on After Mahon had been killed, the guards
the castle, and although they expect O'Hara quarter, they did not obtain and the western
and aimed
Murtogh the spot.
happened with the shot
son Buighe,
Garv, son Teige O'Brien, and the son
Bryan, delivered
-----0 son
Oilioll, part the castle was pulled down from the top
Bryan, the son Kian, son
from Gallen Connaught (Gallen, Mayo), the bottom. That exploit exalted the fame and
together with number gentlemen besides.
**
tent, according law, and they likewise did the rest Con naught. The whole province Connaught was found contain 8169 quarters land, whereof 2339 being exempted, there re mained 6836 liable annual rent £3418, and contribute 1054 foot, 224 horse, the general Hostings Connaught, and 332 foot and horse any time for forty days, any where Ireland. Thomond for 1259 ploughlands agreed pay £5430 10s. per an num, and find 200 foot and horse armed, Hostings Thomond, and horse and foot general Hostings, and that all Irish titles and tenures should abolished.
. The Kingdom Ulster. —In the articles Ulster these annotations, pp. 337, 361, 388, 412,436, the ancient history
honour Sir Richard Bingham, for there was not
the Hy Niall, called the South Hy Niall, after reign year, was slain battle by Cionaoth, son Iorgalach.
Cionaoth, anglicised Kinneth, and latinised Kinethus, prince
the South Hy Niall, reigned years; his forces were defeated, and himself slain, his successor Flahertach, 727, great battle at Drom Corcain.
the eighth
The Irish Kings from the 8th century the English Inva *ion. —As account the Irish monarchs during this period intimately connected with the history Ulster, the following ca
talogue them, and view the chief events the different reigns, will necessary. The chronology followed that O'Flaherty's Ogygia, which, observed,sometimesdiffers
734, and retired the monastery Armagh, where died 760.
Aodh Allan Ollan, latinised Aidus Aedus Allanus, and anglicised Hugh Allan, son king Fergal the Tyrone Hy Niall, succeeded, and after reign years was slain 743, his successor Donal, great battle fought Magh Seir, near Kells
Meath.
Donal III. , the race Clan Colman, reigned 20 years, and
that province has beengiven from the earliest times century, and the articles pp. 457,481, 508, 532, nish wars, the various battles with the Danes Ulster,
COrdepdo. rt.
the Da well
Ireland, from the 8th the 12th century, are re
died 763, and, according the Four Masters, was buried the monastery Dermagh, now Durrow the King's county.
years from that the Four Masters. The latinised names these kings given from the Ogygia, and from Dr. O'Conor's Annals the Four Masters. The monarchs Ireland during this
the sons king Fergal, and brother reign years, Niall the Show
period were mostly the Hy Niall race, descendants the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland the beginning
Niall the
the kings the race Hy Niall are recorded
these ages the monastery Iona the Hebrides, which had been founded the 6th century by their countryman and relative the celebrated St. Columkille, who was the race the Conal lians, Tirconnell branch the Hy Niall. The Irish kings, ac cording Buchanan, were buried Iona, sepulchre termed Tumulus Regum Hibernia, the Tomb the Kings Ireland.
5th century.
Congal Congallus II. , surnamed Cinn Maghair, from place called Donegal, was prince the Connallian race, O'Don
nell branch the North Hy Niall, and reigned years, from 704 711.
Donogh Donchadus, son king Donal III. , the race Clan Colman, succeeded,and reigned years, his death 797, the 64th year his age.
Fergal
the O’Neill
monarch, and, after reign
the great battle Ilotes.
Fogartach,
Allen prince
Kildare, the race
221
Meath branch
Fergallus, prince
the Eugenian race, that
the North Hy Niall, succeeded
Tyrone branch
years, was slain described
Clan Colman,
722, these
Flahertach, prince the Tirconnell O'Donnell branch
the Hy Niall, after reign years, resigned the sceptre
Niall II. , surnamed Frasach, which signifies the Showers, was so called from some remarkable showers recorded have fallen his reign, some which said resembled blood his
name has hence been latinised Niallus Nimbosus, and Niallus
pluviarum. He was one king Hugh Allan; after
ers resigned the crown A.
Iona, where became monk, and died
Aodh Oirdnidhe, son king Niall Frasach, succeeded, and
after reign 22 years, died A. D. 819. his reign the North men Danes and Norwegians frequently invaded Ireland, and
defeated them many battles.
770, and retired
the monastery 778. Several have retired
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554 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1586.
on dry land in Ireland a stronger or more impreg Lough Masg (Hag's Castle, in Lough Mask, county
nable castle than Cluain Dubhain. The governor of Mayo), which castle was the stronghold of the afterwards marched against Caslen-na-Caillighe in province of Connaught; the persons who were
troops Tara, had himself proclaimed monarch the Rath the ancient kings. When Brian threatened the throne Mala chy, the latter applied for aid the Eugenians Ulster, but
Concovar or Conor, son of king Donogh, of the race of Clan Colman, succeeded 14 years, and died A. D. 833; he also fought many battles with the Danes.
Niall III. , surnamed Caille or Cailne, son of king Hugh Oir nidhe, of the Tyrone branch of the Hy Niall, succeededas monarch 13 years, to his death in A. D. 846; he was drowned in the river Calne or Callan, near Armagh, from which it is said was derived his surname Cailne. Niall was a valiant prince, and defeated the Danish forces in many battles.
Tyrone, indignant the exclusion give Malachy any assistance, and thus Eogan were kings Ireland they maintained the crown against competitors; the Clan Colman
Kinneth Mac Alpin, the celebrated king Scotland,
had son named Niall Glundubh, who was afterwards Ireland, and from him the O'Neills, princes Tyrone, and kings Ulster, took their name. Hugh was surnamed Finn
liath, from the colour his hair, signifying white grey-haired; he died Druiminesclain Crioch Conaille, now Dromiskin Louth, where there was ancient times great monastery.
and few months, making his reign altogether about 30 years;
fought several battles with the Danes and provincial kings, and having retired the abbey the island Iniscro, Lough
Annin, now Lough Ennell, near Mullingar, adjoining which was his palace Dun-na-Sciath, the Fortress the Shields, died 1022, Sunday, the 4th the Nones September,
the 73d year his age. After the death Malachy there was monarch elected for long time, and according O'Flaherty
and others, there was an Interregnum 70 years, but Ware and others make only 20 years during this period several the provincial kings exercised, great extent, the authority monarchs, but their rights were disputed, and the kingdom fell into great disorder and anarchy, there being legitimate king generally acknowledged monarch, and many competitors con
daughter whom
monarch
Flann Sionna, son succeeded, and after
king Malachy the House Clan Colman,
reign May,
on Saturday, the 24th
age. Flann highly praised
his person, and great valour;
time with the Danes and with the provincial kings, recorded by the historians.
prince the house Clan Col king Donogh, and nephew
are not able sustain the sceptre Tara let them resign. ” By the abdication Malachy, and the accession Brian, the sceptre passed from the Heremonians the race Heber, after the royal line Hy Niall, descendedfrom king Niall the Hostages, had, with the exception two kings the House Hy Fiachra, namely, Dathi and Oilioll, the 5th century, ruled over Ireland,
Maolseachlin or Malachy
man, king Meath, grandson
king Concovar, succeeded Niall monarch, and after reign about years, died 863, Tuesday the 30th November, and was buried the cathedral Clonmacnois. Malachy was valiant prince, defeated the Northmen many battles, and put
death their famous king, Turgesius.
Aodh Finnliath, the son king Niall Caille, succeeded, and
after reign years, according Ogygia, died Friday the
12th December, 879. He was married Malmaria, was then king Meath, resumed the monarchy, and reigned years
years, died Tailtean Meath, 916, the 68th year his
the annalists for the beauty fought many battles during his
their king, Hugh O'Neill his own House, refused replied—“When the race
the number about fifty kings, from the 5th
the 11th cen reign
1014, de
tury, for period
years, was slain scribed 510
600 years. Brian Boru, after the battle Clontarf,
these notes.
Malachy II. -On the death Brian Boru, Malachy II. , who
Niall IV. , surnamed Glundubh, the son king Hugh Finn tested the crown. Those kings who were not generally acknow
liath, the Eugenian ceeded, and, after reign Wednesday, the 17th
O'Neill branch the Hy Niall, suc years, this valiant prince was slain October, 919, great battle
ledged were designated Righe Freasabhra, that kings with opposition, while the acknowledged monarchs were styled Lain Righe, Full Kings.
Cuan Lochain. —On the death Malachy 1022, the Hy Niall elected, under the title Protector, Regent the King
dom, Cuan O'Lochain, the celebrated chief Bard and Antiquary Ireland that time, and man highly distinguished for his great
abilities and virtues; after having ruled about years, was slain
with the Danes near Dublin. From this king Niall the chiefs his descendants took the name of O’Neill.
Donogh II. , the son king Flann, man, succeeded 25 years, his death,
the House D. 944.
Clan Col During the
Donogh many fierce battles were fought with the
Comgalach Congal III. , the Meath Hy Niall, suc ceeded 12 years; he was valiant warrior, and defeated the
reign Danes.
D. 1024, Teffia, Westmeath. Corcran Cleireach, Cor
Danes many battles, but was
great battle with these invaders, of the Danish Wars.
length slain, before recorded
956,
the account
Primate the Irish Anchorites, and the most eminent ecclesiastic western Europe, was appointed co-regent the kingdom,
Donal O’Neill, son the famous warrior, Murkertach Mac
Neill, and grandson king Niall Glundubh, succeeded, and reigned
24 years, his death, D. 980, Armagh, whither had re
tired penitence. Donal O'Neill was distinguished for his valour, was married Dervorgilla, daughter Donogh O'Brien, king
and during his time fought many battles with the Danes, and against the provincial kings.
Malachy II. , grandson king Donagh II. , the House
Munster, and having reduced subjection the kings Munster, Connaught, and Meath, and likewise the Danes Dublin, he be came king the southern half Ireland, and was likewise gene rally acknowledged
Clan Colman, succeeded,and after reign 1002, Brian Boroimhe, king
monarch of Ireland.
Brian Boroimhe, that Brian
years, was deposed Munster, who became
monarch for period about 30 years, 1072, when he was slain great battle Dowth, Meath, between Drogheda and
the Tributes, commonly called Brian Boru, and latinised Brianus Boromeus, and Boruma.
before mentioned under the Danish wars. the Welsh Caradoc Lancarvan, king Dermod mentioned
Brian Boru, king Munster, the tribe the Dalcassians Thomond, and race Heber, was one the most renowned the Irish kings; after having traversed with his victorious forces all parts Ireland, and reduced the provincial kings and princes subjection, and compelled them do him homage, and give him hostages and tributes, finally, after various contests, subdued the monarch, Malachy II. , and having deposed him A. D. 1002, assumed the crown Ireland, and marching with his victorious
The O'Briens, Kings Munster. —On the death Brian Boru, his sons, Donogh and Teige O'Brien, contended for the crown
Munster, but length, the mediation the clergy, were reconciled, and agreed rule conjointly over that province, which
they did till 1023, when new discords having arisen between
cran the Clerick, who was abbot Inis Caltra, abbey that is land, Lough Derg, the Shannon, Clare, and who was styled
along with Cuan O'Lochain; Corcran died 1040, the monastery Lismore, Waterford.
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Slane,
Chronicle
follows—“Dermitium optimum dignissimum principem qui un quam Hibernia regnavit,” “Dermod was the best and worthiest prince that ever reigned Ireland. ”
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 555
guarding it at that time were Richard Burke, com Edmond, son of Rickard Ui Cuairsgi, and Walter, monly called Deamhan-an-Chorrain, who was the the son of Edmond, son of Ulick, son of Edmond,
son of Rickard, son of Richard, son of William, son of son of Rickard Ui Cuairsgi, who had gone into
them, Teige was slain, and Donogh became sole king of Munster;
he carried on contests with the kings of Leinster, Meath, and Connaught, and partly reduced them to subjection, and becoming very powerful, was for some years acknowledged king of Leath Mogha, or Leinster and Munster. Torlogh O'Brien, son of the deceased Teige, and nephew of Donogh, a very valiant prince, be ing supported by the kings of Leinster and Connaught, aspired to the throne of Munster, and after many fierce contests between himself and his uncle, Donogh was finally victorious, and in A. D. 1063, Donogh abdicated the throne of Munster, after a reign of 49
powerful force of the men of Munster, Leinster, Meath, and Con naught, to Ulster, marched to Easroe, or Ballyshamnon, and thence to Inisowen and Donegal, in A. D. 1101, and having taken the famous fortress of Aileach, the ancient residence of the kings of Ulster, he demolished it to its foundations, in retaliation for the destruction of Kincora. In A. D. 1103,0'Brien mustered a great army, and marched
against Ulster, but was defeated by Mac Loghlin and the Ultonians with great slaughter on the plains of Moy Coba in Dalaradia, near Downpatrick. In this mannertheserival kings, during their fierce contests of more than 20 years, repeatedly ravaged the various provinces of Ireland. The reign of Murtogh O'Brien is remarkable
years, and retired on a pilgrimage to Rome, and took a religious
habit in the monastery of St. Stephen, where he died in a few for some great regulations made in the church. In A. D. 1001,
years after, in the 88th year of his age.
Torlogh O'Brien, grandson of Brian Boru, on the abdication of
his uncle Donogh, as before stated, became king of Munster in 1064, and on the death of Dermod Mac Maolnambo, in 1072, he was acknowledged as titular monarch, being then the most powerful of the provincial kings, and having collected his forces, and traversed various parts of the kingdom, and received homageand hostages from the kings and princes of Leinster, Meath, and Con
naught, and likewise from Godfrey, Danish king of Dublin, whom he defeated, and appointed his son, Murtogh O'Brier, king over the
Danes. Turlogh made incursions into Ulster, but his forces were defeated by the O'Neills, and that province did not acknowledge his authority. After a reign of 14 years as monarch, and 22 years as king of Munster, Torlogh died at his palace in Kincora, in Clare, in July, 1086, in the 77th year of his age, and was buried in the cathedral of Killaloe, according to the Annals of Inisfallen. Torlogh is celebrated as a wise, just, pious, and valiant prince; a letter ad dressed to him by Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, commences as follows—“Magnifico Regi Hiberniae Tordelvacho,” “To Tor logh the magnificent king of Ireland,” and another by Pope Gre gory VII.