No More Learning

VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [5ss
swerve from scripture without any one doctor regarded for law, for that said was
to lean to were sore: where scriptures and very king, and thereupon was called for doctors want, my lord Canterbury would fall Hampton-court. And the lord Cromwell
arguing, and overcome me that am called was very stout, come on, my lord Winches the sophister, sophistry. When heard my ter, (quoth he) for that conceit had whatso lord's argument denied and would enter ever talked with me, knew ever much none other declaration, for keep that answer Greek Latin, and all. Answer the king till some other than were there, present, my here (quoth he) but speak plainly and directly, solution whereunto, when declare shall and shrink not man. not that (quoth he,
make the rest the matter very weak and that pleaseth the king law have not there
my lord not like his argument all, one ar the civil law, (quoth he) quod principi pla
gument could not assail, come again the cuit, and forth? (quoth he) have somewhat Fleet: my lord Canterbury charged me, that forgotten now. stood still, and wondered
like nothing unless myself, whereof my mind what conclusion this should tend. am not guilty, was never author any one The king saw me musing, and with earnest thing other spiritual temporal, thank God gentleness said, answer him whether
no: would not answer my lord Cromwell, but delivered my speech the king, and told him, had read indeed kings that had their will not read that have read these books, what always received for law, but told him the hath been done cannot tell, now am kept form his reign, make the laws his will was cannot know though would when was more sure and quiet, and this form go
abroad, never sought know more than was vernment established, (quoth and
am also charged that the realm hath received these homilies without contradiction
save whereunto answer, think they have
brought common fame, for this shall found true, never advised any man object any thing against these books, one man, not
my chaplains: kinsman mine beneficed my diocese, and not unlearned, came me,
agreeable with the nature your people: begin new Inanner policy, how will frame man can tell, and how this framethye
can tell, and would never advise your grace leave certain for uncertain the king turned his back, and left the matter after till the lord Cromwell turned the cat the pan
and told me how heard lewd fellow say,
that would not receive the injunctions. And
sir, (quoth rebuked him, and reviled him, afore company, when was angry with me,
and said you would man, told him that well; upon my coming
readily receive saying
chaplain
any and charged me though had played his part. did very This tale true, and not without purpose
remembered, how have been tossed and this kind matter, Thus have shewed your grace the whole matter with many more
own rest, what examples have seen this my lord Canterbury much travelleth. realin, how freely men have said their consci First, sure, shall never prove that
doctor divinity told me, would receive the injunctions quietly, and say nothing; told him should well done, had tarried my diocese: any man had spoken but myself
mine,
words than intended the entry my letter, and make now end, enforced weariness my body, fed with close air, rather than meat, hath not now. This matter was try bishop, which my stomach desireth not, yet must say whether careth more for the truth, his somewhat the matter only faith, wherein
would have lost my life for nor think there
ence against our late sovereign lord's determi would say nation, and against the act parliament: doc either
that matter, but am very fool
make end mine own cou
tor Croe mean man preached against our late ceit, which may easily be, see occasion
sovereign lord's determinations, and how dain given your grace
make such true deter may honourable your your grace would have this for precedent, grace, the contentation the world, the
tily was handled relieve conscience: mination
that whatsoever the king's council for the time preservation the king's honour that dead prince's minority shall send preached without prejudice the act parliament,
must needs received without allegation without derogation my lord Canterbury's what strength the act parliament against honour, without diminution the reputation
the bishop Rome; the king's majesty, when he cometh his age, will look bold do much with his subjects his council did
his minority, whereof the counsellors may
then weary, precedents dangerous. For
have seen almost for rule: that whatsoever
hath been once done, may then without ques grace's honour than this would be, which God tion done again. our late sovereign lord's grant and your grace much honour and felicity. time, have seen the choncell much astonish the Fleet, the 14th October. Your grace's ed, when the king would have done somewhat humble beadman, W.
against act parliament; was made then
great matter. The lord Cromwell had once
put the king's our late sovereign lord's head After my most humble commendations
take upon him have will and pleasure your good grace, since the writing my last
the council, and without any glory the
bishop Winchester. Which some men's
conceit the greatest matter that yet rehearsed, and good faith would were not,
were well. Your grace's doing Scot land, not my judgment more your
Winchester the Lord Protector.
to a as of if I a as of I
to
ofis beIaIIto I of
I by
of
his
beas of
upso toI do
of it,ifa aof inI ittoIIit,
of to
he
ina Ito Ibe it II I,it.
to
S. tooftohe I toaofI
anittoofheaheof IbyIIIall be ifI)
it,
it
totohisItoIhe no all
be bea I I at be
of
so in hean to aIs
In to a
he I of inas or I
I bein
to in asto toit, orIof toI
of
in
in
be
I
to in of it,
as a
an of as
a
of is of of all Iallin of a
I in to by
I he
in of
is
a
I in is
in
I
ye it so
be to or
a he Iof I
At so of
all it, in I I,
of of fro
isoftoit anoof he
ofbe of I
Ior offheI
by I
ye I in in as
of as
I
an Iof in: I) it ye of
toinbetotoan toto itofbe asto
itso be is,he betoIfisor ata
589] STATE TRIALS, 5 EDw. VI. 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [590
long letters to your good grace, which as they sides that my conscience otherwise persuaded, wearied me in writing, so they have I think and truly persuaded, doth touch me out
wearied your grace in reading, I have been in wardly great expectation to hear somewhat from your tercession
the world, would for any in request upon offer coun
grace, of whose gentle and favourable mind to sellor,
wards me, I cannot doubt, howsoever the de bishops may spend.
claration thereof at this time be hindered by agreeing for mede
other by-persuasions, wherewith although your the other side; first
grace may be somewhat moved, I marvell not, market town the realm, and then hanged for
things may tried, example, the veriest varlet that ever was bi well satisfy myself, not minding any shop any realm christened, unless my lord
suit, havé shall Inake; otherwise press Canterbury could shew me either Scripture your grace than may conveniently obtained that said, some ancient writer, wherein
you the state you now present. And desire only see but one where commonly yet sue must congruence, for declaration two required every matter: but because
and therefore whiles
my humility, and also importunely sue, lest
the matter only faith, require but
one ancient writer, whereby
conscience some would might excuse myself
witness, that have continually seen my be
haviour, since the death our late sovereign
lord, and since my coming this prison. And grace, declare unto you what straits am yet my lord Canterbury, when sent for tyed inwardly my conscience very truth, me last out the Fleet, handled me with fair am tyed outwardly the world with words, declaring me man meet his opinion shame, whereby appeareth that resist not this
called the council again, adding how matter willful purpose, that like we, said, did daily chuse in, other that were not because was not counsellor, which
should seen contemn, and
into melancholy, proudly
world, which assure your grace
never had any such fantasy: Whereof they can
cared not for my have persuaded
entered
disdain the not, nor
least the world whipped, and hanged good men's judgments, and mine
have much more land all the
that were not worthy
were worthy for
the one side, dread on
own also. And this matter write unto your
whipped every
not appointed our late sovereign lord. They
words my lord Canterbury used me, for
worldly words, o were comfortable and far
necessity both sides my conscience before God and the other side but have not, thank God, the world abroad, whereof shewed not your
contrarious on the one side, the Fleet on
am even driven
that deceit which my lord Canterbury thought me, would seem think so, whereb
induce others were not moved the truth, but
#.
proof credit
liar,
cannot denied, let me
ministered them
think the same,
every thing,
abhor above all faults.
your grace special faults,
gether when looked saw every day, some new thing such sort fault, ought worthily condemn the work, have favoured Erasmus's name much any other, but never studied over this book till now, and now
exclude charity justification, Scripture failing doth indeed shew me but one ancient writer that writeth so, with offer yield and give place, which offer excludeth all stubbornness, and evil opinion that might
agree with them that said Erasmus laid the be conceived wilfulness me; now
eggs, and Luther hatched them: adding further, that the monstrous opinions that have
twenty days ago since spake with my lord Canterbury, when the strongest arguments
arisen, evil men had
wondrous occasion ad that book; and therefore that book will purge
made me were counsellor again,
agree, with hope
the Fleet from whence
made request the con
trust the matter
the evil opinion might gathered me,
came, for when
trary, said had such commission from
wherein offer prove that said with any the council, and here remain without bail
learned man, pain shame and rebuke, and mainprize, without comfort any my to be taken for malicolike beast. As for the friends servants, one divided from the
book Homilies, that point where my lord world, chaplain accompany me prayer, Canterbury would have taught how faith ex barber nor taylor for bodily neccssaries,
cludeth charity the office justifying, be nor liberty use physician for relief dis
such out
and ac
which
perverse frowardness, incumbered am, and yet
counted
say do, for any zeal Whereupon me seemeth my case miserable
one that like not his estate, and therefore used
cared not what became of him: The truth withstanding
whereof be otherwise God knoweth and used humble myself learn and abide; am able make the world sufficient proof yield myself opposed Oxford, that and testimony the contrary required: might say, yielded, learning had overcome First, the book Paraphrasis, me: when that was refused, offered myself
Fo:
whereof wrote school home, which offer yield the
aond other have shew great they truth. And although have maintain me, both trust: and doubt not, the matter itself shall the plain Scriptures, the doctors plain, and the sufficiently declare, that have done well plain act parliament: yet for conformity
against that book, assuring your grace, offered my lord Canterbury, yield that since my coming prison, many days to could shew me one Scripture affirming faith
were without cause obstinate, not such circumstances have
to
of if allain a all
as or in
of
I
I toI toto to
he Iofofdo
in a in
be
to I or:toofofIor
of
I
to as
be hebe
of in a
I I in
no or
if it tobe IIis
of
of ofa
a
no he or
as
it to
toasso to I inbesoin I aof of in
or in
he
to soIor
at
I to all be
I
as
of
to or
of
is as
be be to by
as nogo Iall I to
as I
I a
if is be I
of
toat
be of orI be I
so to
to
of
to of Iinas do
as
in
as
I as allto Itoto
as in
to to
to
ofto
to
I
to
onto
be all
be as it, I
of Iof if as
as of
I Ias Ito to
inof
I
in
on it to I as
of
by
of
of
ofit I in Ito
be
as as : as
he
do to
I I toI Ias
go I to e
to to to
in Iat IdoininII
or to to is by toit,
to to or
intoit as I asbe
ofofis toIbe I ina be if to
if
aheoftotohe toIbe onIit Iofso
so
501] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [592
ease, whereof I have need :, And your grace Scripture, which should rather desire do,
who I think would shew mé relief, for I will
never think want of good will in you, is percase
persuaded, by means that I'resist the truth wilfully, and that your grace may not in any
wise shew me the least comfort in the world,
for then no man shall rule me. And then your
grace that shewed so much favour to the earl of Southampton, late chancellor, wherein
then borrow the sword your grace hath the rule of, wherewith fear men, which mean
done,
reason stand alone against men, the world commended your gentieness, your undo them and myself also this world.
grace should now any ways comfort me pri were greater temptation then my lord
son with the least token gentleness, might be noted favour Winchester's factions, some term whereas take God record never joined myself with any man, nor have secretly encouraged any man my opi nion. And yet have none other opinion, but such the parliament hath established. The earl Southampton did many things whilst was chancellor touching religion, which mis liked me not, but yet did never advise him
do: nor made on him the more for when had done, was one whom reason
might have been bold, but left him his con science, therein never said much secretly
any nobleman the realin, have your grace, which time advised your grace
Canterbury made put me counsellor again. Be your grace
hope
assured, the
hand, and handled hath doue. be noted neither on the one side, nor the For that asseveration how faith excluded cha other. And your grace hath for yourself rity, can neither proved scripture, nor
good name can be. And shall say this confirmed any ancient writer, persuaded
without flattery, that like chance very nota bly hath advanced your estate many degrees,
since the time my first acquaintance with
you, have you had occasion shew your the law: Charity work the law, Ergo virtue, whereby thought worthy your we are justified without charity. The answer
any effectual argument. And one argument lord hath devised, which frameth thus:
ing which argument, which can plainly authority, shall declare that either my lord
me, would your grace did well, men mor knowing the fault the lack greater ano
estate, means whereof you more felicity than you have
such estate shall
grace your posterity. This not altogether argument, when the opinion his learning out my matter, for whatsoever become shall hindered, use willingly
suffered every man say mind without unmeet
rehearsed: Thus happened, divinity Paris, minding some learning, whereof they
imprisonment,
law. strength
the
matter were established certain doctors Canterbury hath the with utterance
cannot wish the beginning
leave God's
deceived himself take for strong
tal, and deeds revive, and me think my lord ther way. But the answer
that argument Canterbury doth not well entangle this your dissolveth the matter, whereunto have
grace with this matter religion, and bor answer made yea resby-past, which row your authority the Fleet, the Marshal will my peril shew my lord will avow sea, and the King's Bench, with prisonment for his argument. And my lord will send
his house, wherewith cause men agree me the argument his hand, will send hin that pleaseth him call truth reli the answer my hand, whereby shall shortly gion leaving that setteth forth not stab appear, whether trifle no. the latter
lished, any law the realm, but contrary end my last letter your grace spake
law the realm: At the least law not determination, whereof wished your grace
yet, and before law made. have not seen such kind imprisonment, sustain,
were author. For weariness writing did
not, open what meant specialty, intending humbly offering myself ready learn Our now begin the middle this sorrow, with late sovereign lord, whose soul God pardon, merry tale: but very true tale, and not
slander that done shall
men prisoned before law inade. And cannot believe but there more than
else should not kept secret. For
my folks resorted me, and told me there was
foundation my ground zeal the truth, although have many worldly considerations alledge for me, which serve purge me wilfulness, which assure your grace not my fault. will not trouble your grace with
could say my knowledge: whatsoever my words my lord Canterbury, which
the matter enforced me speak, am
none enmity with his person, and that am
able prove, but my lord hath the homily salvation taken such matter hand, and
handled were his extreme enemy. would have wished him have taken that piece
my lord
God's spirit, with such learning had store, requite gentleman that had bid
able overthrow with that den them dinner, using preface, that
had fed them with bodily meat, they would feed
his laws,
breath all untruths, and establish truths, would not desire the let your grace, nor the work God's truth any way hindered
him with spiritual food, proponed this question disputed amongst the u: Whether the ass that which case the realm persuaded carried our Lady and Christ when Joseph fled
besides myself this matter, shall easy with them into Egypt, when carried our only reprove me the face the world, and Lady with Christ, ber lap, carried then,
drive me the ground with the Sword Gods perfect burthen, when carried our Lady
justified faith without works
to
asof
If
an by
it,to
for In by to
a toin of
a in of Iofto so a
to to
heto
in
all
of
ifof be
in till a
at
he
of
as
toof I
I
by it
ofas
in he
ofitit,hisI isbe Iso to
be
byatoasa I
I toby
of to
of be
Iin
:
it is
into
to be by
it
yeinif
: be
to
ofofaoastoIsohe Iasall
of
toto
to
to
as
I Iof
to of to
of
as
ye be
I of
a
a be I
asin
is
toto to all be in of
by
it, be I
of to all to tobe isto
ofof I I 12
a a of C. in if aby be I
he
to if it,or
I toas be
isby by in soof all no to eI
toofof ofbe to aIbeto
ainIorififhe toaofisa
it of he ittoainsobeor
it at Ito {ofhebyas toin of is ofit he in
it IIn I it all or in f to all beis
so as of
if ofI
ado toa
I IisI,to as be
of
as to he a itIan of I in ofto a ofItto allorIif
803] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [594
with Christ on her lap, and a flea sitting on her true indeed, were not horrible part head. Herein the doctors were in great earnest, you say, why trouble the world for
and many hot arguments were between them in thing not necessary, and put from the
the matter, with much expence of language. country, and make
Whether our Lady alone with Christ in her lap, chamber case, and were as perfect a burthen, as our Lady and versities, for whom
were checker sent the Uni meet soberly talk,
Christ with a flea upon our Lady's head; The and not for homilies wherein the people shall audience which was learned, was well cheared hear that they shall never practise, because they with laughing, but other edification the matter learn too late, being justified before their had not. And it may be laughed when infancy baptism. My lord Canterbury
soever told, see what trifles many men spend their time: and now shall say that
told me his intent, only set out the freedom God's mercy, which may done much more
plainly, with putting the people remembrance of the constant received faith of the church
which strange true. The matter
the first reading, but justification with only
faith justifieth, and whether faith charity justification, pertaineth
seech your grace know how put differ innocency received baptism absolved. ence between use and knowledge. The know And yet those children, when they were ledge justification have said learn christened did nothing but cry for cold,
ing more weight, and such for the entreat when they were over hard griped for fear
infants, which shall not be, there cannot
time which the knowledge the justification
we strive for, can practised: But men shall we already have receive their justifica tion baptism their infancy. the
doctrine only faith justifieth, were true the homily declareth more necessary
spoken wherein my lord Canter bury will needs travel, my judgement that
shall never persuade that faith excludeth charity justification, unless borrow your grace's authority prisons, and then he shall percase have some agree unto
poor men kneel Rome, when the bishop
excludeth inore
the baptism infants, justified and saved
where such
the virtue Christ's
malice fall not sin, and those must return Christ pe nance, but such die (before that actual sin, the hearers edification good living: be hath defiled their soul again) they die the
England, although knowledge grave matter, than the trifling question rehearsed pertained
passion, after baptism
the use and practise our Church
ing many have wept even here home,
falling. And when this believed, not God's mercy believed ministered after most free liberal sort. my lord Canter bury mind only that the matter shall appear without argument, we practise justification
receiving the Sacrament Baptism. And
Germany, but more necessary
England, than the handling the other question, and for any
besides those that have wept the use and practise
the state the Church
use well iufants,
the church, the one may forborn the other considering the baptism
duly observed. which Sacra baptism we justified before we
for justification only faith, use, howsoever we expound
out
the state terrible
ment
can talk this justification we strive for. And matter think on, unless the church leave the use Christian tion rise upon
conten matter not necessary
for the present state the church, than
know whether the burthen our Lady and
Christ only were perfect the burthen
our Lady and Christ with flea sitting upon Rome's guard. Finally there hath been nothing
our Lady's head, which the solemn doctors Paris earnestly entreated. —Some will say
am waxed mad prison compare these two
done, but your grace may use the aug mentation your honour. have things
more say, but this matter over-long already, and me thinks have been over-long
together: But Practise, the one And was bold
compare them for use and necessary the other.
use the merry example
here, and shewing myself have done, much
humble scholar, beaten, be
imprint the matter the better your grace's
cause do not learn where no man teacheth Inemory. For say, when we have me, and willing learn ask but one
talked, for we are justified baptism,
younglings and falling after baptism, we must
scripture, scripture failing, doth for my lord Canterbury's purpose, ask but one ancient doctor: this my case, for touch
the
deed, wading far the sisting only faith, that danger, and therefore would not trust my
that they have left nothing but faith alone, and frailty the country, when the visitors.
arise the sacrament penance, which must
confessed men, unless they such ing any act disobedience, my lords deny sacraments some have done in council did foresee, that should not fall
yet spent great deal their faith the handling rather all. And that
should be there but inade me sure here lest might have offended, had been there,
though had but few words speak, that say, saving God's laws and the king's, yet they be. they might have been misreported, and en
Now this true that have written, which gendered me more trouble; and this good WOL. ,
general fault find, that such
write that alledging
faithfully the doctors and scriptures right
matter not handle
the church now.
And
see such
there goeth by, that
the head with halbert,
that one piece the office
knocketh kneel not, for
say
the bishop
in
i. do I isit,init
2 Q.
of I
I
is to
tointo asin
if
by as so
inas in of asin of so
ofofof
is
Iofa all be it, so
of
in
is
asbe
as
to
of it as or all allis Iin
of of
as tois it in I as
as
in
all
to
of as of
at
of to
I asof
oftoais isin
in in
aalltoIofoftoaofasis tois
be
ofit be itIIit in
as no of ofno as be
as in ofifIninIaI
asin of in as
it to be
be
is of no So all at in a I
at,
as
is be it
toIas hebeasin ofis
I to
it to
be in
or so of
of of, is
a of
a:itofata asis
to
in asato ofaaallof of toait
if I I
so
I to ifto if
to
beit ye so an
so of I is in
it,is isinbyasinto
of on as of to ofof a ofor to bein aof
is tois
is byas
Ifto beis
in
in by
itsoitit istoas
as to IasI
he itit, of I of :
if to
be
it be is it he isasis
be
by
of
505] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. Vl. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [596.
nature, have
have of my being here, which I suffer patiently, And wrote had written from Antwerp and make it so serve for my purpose in my the state ambassador. The Italian
conceit, as I thank God I have no displeasure
companion hath his folly custom bringing
of mind, and only feel such as the body engen
dereth for want of some necessaries, whereof
if I may have relief at your grace's hand, I will
accept it as thankfully, as any man bath any gentleness hath place, when men say him benefit at your hand, and as instantly require
it of you. And yet if I have no other comfort
from your grace than I have hitherto bad, I
will think nevertheless as well of your grace as
ever I did, and be only sorry, that in the state
you be in the liberty of doing that your heart litude see the issue faith only, and whether would persuade you, should be straightly en faith may exclude charity
closed with respects, as my body is with wakes. This desiring your grace to take in good part
my bold writing to you, I shall make and pray Almighty God for the preservation of your
person. With increase of honour and felicity. At the Fleet, or rather in the Fleet. Your grace's humble beadinan. S. W.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
tifying, not,
the making
where the Acts
may
laws passed
the office jus well resembled
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace, upon trust that your grace
would take my letters in good Ipart, and not realm present but they. But we speak
effect of nature: and
another nature. And then the proverb
that offended, you must bear with the man's. nature, and trust you will with me. Two things there your grace's letter,
which trust may touch without contention. One that your grace will plain simi-,
which three present, and somewhat
together, and concur the perfecting the law, wherein we may not say that any one
estate only made the law, that any one es tate excludeth the other the office making the law. This may said, that these three estates only respect the rest the realm, make the law, and there need more the
which hath the called of learned men
this parliament, three estates,
otherwise than I wrote them.
your these three estates within themselves, there grace out of this prison, as I was wont to write none estate only, that maketh the law. — to our late sovereign lord, whose soul God But where the law hath were body and
pardon; when I was ambassador, refreshing myself some time with a merry tale in a sad matter, which his highness ever passed over without displeasure, as I trust your grace will
do the semblable. For though some account me a papist, yet I cannot play the pope wholly, as the old term was, I dare not use that severity in writing, which my cause requireth to speak of God, and his truth in every second sentence, and become suddenly a prophet to your grace, with a new phrase of speech, with whom I have been heretofore so familiarly
soul. The high house and the low house
wrote to
Fo
such not apt
majesty hath the breath his mouth, say ing, Roy veult, breathed full life into
the conclusion besides the life the assembly the other estates had his authority
assemble, which had else been dead assembly, even faith and hope dead without chari ty: and the king's majesty this similitude
nor no man shall do his duty further than I, to faith and hope without charity not effec acknowledge you as your grace is now, protec tual. And look what absurdity and untruth tor and governor of the realm. But I have this saying hath this realm say the higher been so traded to speak boldly, that I cannot house, and the lower house, exclude the king change my manner now, when percase it doth the office making laws, the same absur me no good. And although there be an Ita dity yet religion say, that faith exclud lian in prison with me, in whom I see a like eth charity the office justification. And folly, who living with a little miserably, will therefore was never written ancient writers,
And therefore desired my lord Canterbury
shew me but one; and yet cannot. our time this dream hath been dreamed without
Scripture, without authority, against Scripture,
and against authority, can shew. And
further can shew how this imagination extend
eth far them, that open their mind thoroughly, your grace would not the
were bee, which thought should first believe did express But can shew have stung man, which matter mirth, that sain not evidently clearly for my dis
declareti, the necessity the other matter, charge could wish. Another matter aptly may be, neither necessary. your grace's letter where your grace rea And when wrote forgot my fellow pri soneth with me that am over precise find soner, the Italian doth, the state am now. ing faults the Paraphrasis, seeing every
making laws excludeth not office the whole the other two estates, no more do the your grace's nature, even so adversity hath not estates, because they devise and frame laws, changed mine. Of your high place in the exclude the king's majesty the office making common-wealth, no man is more glad than I, laws, for without his authority they nothing,
conversant, as I think honour hath not altered
not for his honour take alms, fancying to be still in the state he was some time, which man
ner I condemn in him, yet I follow him thus far, rather to write after iny old manner, which cometh plainly to mind, than to take alms and aid of eloquence, whereof I have in this state need. For your grace's letters return every word of my letters in my neck, and take my
the parliament make
were the body
the
which lieth
matter,
were dead
take life till the king's
in
ifIso
as to be
I is,
be
to
be
of be
in is
as
as it
I
noa
I
of
I I
in in
as
fly
I if by Ias
inin
I of
le all in
asit.
I of
in
it as
inbe
upof
in atin In of it
beof
aifof do ado of
I to
as I
be
to ininaaa no byin
to in as of ofin a isof
of is
of I
as it as is be beor
so is as leas is,I
of
of
in byofit or in
to
of
as itas
be
of to
inofas in by ofitII
of
of of of ofof in
to it,
of
it myin
597] STATE TRIALs, 3 Epw. 1351–sor opposing
Reformation. [80s
men's coin preserve religion; and this your grace shall and not the find true, which knowing my letters
And then your grace know can shew gospel, but one the sun and the moon
evidently, can bright days, and bright not trifle with my
book hath some faults.
taketh not Erasmus for
whom somewhat inay
amended. After which manner sort, your wit undo myself, but travel with my honesty grace take the homilies; for like reason preserve my country, preserve my prince,
reprehended nights, when both shine
myjudgment they must, for they
positions, the Paraphrasis
very gospel itself, why should
prison, who offered receive the homilies and write unless were furnished with matter Erasmus both, far they were not without discharge my writing, your grace doubt not
kept construed the extremity, would not
fault, either God's law the king's: be
cause saw the errors before, and spake
them, have made more speed prison than
other have done, who percase for troubling
their conscience have received the books close
with such reverence, becometh men re
ceive that sent from their prince, wherein
would have done they did, had not seen the books before. But did have seen
divers noble men do. And among them remember your grace, when they have being sent service have used such diligence,
see their commission and instructions made, they went and finding something doubtful amiss, after the commission was sealed, and
instructions signed worthy amended, have
see the people fed with wholesome doctrine, raphrasis, and the homily also, both which wherein diligent look upon the matters have shewed can shew, shall commission, and considering what shall declare am not worthy kept here, and charged with do, take this that for fault yet here have remained this weeks without
my judgment, and labour have amended speaking with any man saving my physician, wherein differ from other men's diligence. who thank your grace hath done ind good
say reverently, and yet when men see am thus banished the council; My lords, me seeneth this from the world, man may speak with
am for virtue, that dare say the have charge the bishopric Winchester truth, can declare the abomination this Pa
And how can for fault
and this cannot stand together, either instruct me, not pleasant, for any man resort
me them, amend them,
crime should this humility saying condemned
what nature unto me, and that perceive my lord am worthy for Canterbury think will wax mad deceived
prison? and close prisoner speak
with man, hear from man, talk with
man, for my household which great number, wandering and lamenting for me My
his saying, shall
good will offereth say
man else uttereth but
saith true: incredible, that king should
perpetual
for wax every day better learned than other, and find every day somewhat impugn the Paraphrasis and homilies, not wit devise,
other subtilty, but plain sensible matter
may heard; and not heard my con science telleth me have done my duty, and therewith from travel shall apply myself
case should the nature praise, the
nature commendation, the nature
thanks, none other have said that can say; prayer, wherein shall remember the prosper
one only man realm saith, knoweth treason subvert the whole realm, and can
ous estate your grace whom God preserve. the Fleet, W.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
AFTER my most humble commendations your good grace, whatsoever your grace's con siderations not hear me yet, nor answer me, and howsoever determine and bear
show evident proof
prisoned because
and prove that
And there with offereth prove that
set forth book tending the subversion
his own estate, and therefore that shall say patiently the state am now in, reason never cannot touch majesty, who knoweth not theless bindeth me continue my suit, that
what done, reason judgeth his tender your grace seeth any time occasion change age; also incredible, that your grace being your determination, there shall nothing want uncle him, should content, that any book my behalf provoke your grace
should be set forth that might tend the sub that refused one time may heard version his estate. And dare say for your another, and importunity speedeth when none grace, you would not the book like the other means can prevail. Being also fault
horse that the Trojans received into their city, wherein the Trojans knew not what was
me heard that know what and
the inferior despair the superior
reasonable request mine which cannot your grace for other respects, have re
remembereth Singleton's conspiracy. And Erasmus hath framed his doctrine, though Singleton had required him thereunto. have such matter shew, though had myself devised for my justification. And vet am reasoned with, though one given good doctrine, find knot rush, trouble good enterprises; after which sort your grace
moved write unto me, and
matter utter shall confound them all;
which would not write were not assured
were small pleasure me writing thus
extremely, confounded when had been
heard, and then worthily sent hither again for
remain liere still without hearing, having such
ion
upon declaration their mind therein ob
worthy tained amendment with commendation. Now handled
lying
manifestly, which would think punishment, this unworthy
let to
if no so
in
to
in
to I
or or to
is
in
a
heI istoaI ato
of
in beto it,
I
itI
soit,
he
of be of
of
be
as asIIofofininorin
if
be
as
it be
II
a to
be toisis
of a toof
Ia
as
to
so
a Itoso nobe
to
a
he
inof : in to
to toor
to
be
if
asI to I
or
Iis,be of
if no
in
be is as
it be to
is to to be or
it I
his no in in be be in to
of so
ofof a
of asto
as
I as
be as hetoina if
inhe to
Vl.
do in heon of
In
or
for is be toto
I
be itI itI toto
is III so to it be it, as to as
is
abeof ItoatoII
to to I of be to to atatIto IIso asaas
to Ito if I as asIas the
todo
soI as to I I
in
so at: if to
if to I
do
of
:
bea
I to to
no
as I in it
I all if in
is, by 7be isI to a do
to
of toII as
be
toheif inI I II
I be S. is of I to Iasoto ortoI toas
asbe
509] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [600
mained here long unheard of your grace, in
closed up more closely, now close religions be
answer that would never have thought
that he hath been otherwise informed of them
put trust, for would touch him over much grant had much knowledge
begun, than ever were any whiles they were
here, no stranger may speak with me, I cannot
have the company of my chaplain, which is the Paraphrasis, now have, and knowing
necessary for me after so long time. And if our grace hath no leisure to hear me shortly, } trust you will without delay suffer my chap
the same have advised your grace set forth the people, can say much, which expedient for your grace hear and consider, desiring only credit your grace think me worthy heard, and thereupon give me
lain to resort unto me, as well as of your gentle
ness ye have suffered the physician for my body
to come to me, for the which I most humbly audience, cannot enchant men, look not thank your grace, herein I desire your grace to believed the matter, unless
answer me by this bearer, that I may have plain,
man can gain-say and therein judge. The nature my cause your grace, present assembly
some comfort from you, for whose preservation
the book should move
I
humble beadman.
shall
Your
the
learned men should move your grace cele
pray Almighty
to God.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
grace's S. W.
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace, I am very loth, knowing your
grace's business, to trouble you with many let pose your grace these letters alter
ters, and yet not bearing from your grace any
thing for answer to mine own letters before
written, I am so bold to write these, where with
to put your grace in remembrance of mine es
tate in prison, as one dissevered from the use presence. My lord Canterbury will needs of his servants and friends, and as it were bu maintain that our late sovereign lord was se ried quick without knowledge of any just cause duced, and then possible that your grace
brate mine audience: and your grace knew what could say the long letters your grace sent, good faith, your grace would make
much the more speed. For whereas the pur
my judgment, the handling the matters
such, am able shew good cause why they should they do, work contrary effect,
am able declare, ever come your
wherefore, and with knowledge, by course of may seduced also, and therefore
good time; true,
tIime that now the parliament is begun, whereof for your grace hear and
bear your grace
member, my off,
am a unless fault had cut me whatsoever have written
and whereunto I was called by writ, which I
received before iny coming hither, where I
would also gladly do my duty, as I am bounden
if I were not detained and bounden in prison
from my liberty, that I might so do, which al plain, shall not boot me alledge thus legation I make the rather to your grace, to much, am learned your grace's letters, and the intent with the opening of a necessary suit therefore had any cause
si your grace, whereupon comfort, my ion to to shew such letters see some but
worthy to be regarded, I might minister occa would use another mean whereof
mistrust
your grace's
entleness to me, as of your own gentle heart, plain and expedient
your grace
must needs desire heard
wherein may like you send me know ledge your pleasure, and that my suit your
persuaded your grace gladly would,
am for
whose prescrvation with increase of honour I shall pray to Almighty God, who have your
grace in his tuition. Your grace's humble grace may stand some stead, for whose pre
bead-man, - S. W.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace. I cannot discuss by con jecture, why evidence is thus put my
case, that hath been wont commonly
any presence with such should appoint fain not, and have cause fear, the effect
were there, the signification' whereof the will shew fain not indeed. chief cause these letters, far am now may not desperately forbear
encumbered with being here, might some grace, and think that because
encumbered there with hereafter, which should answer mine other letters, among which
me pleasure My matter that have say made mention this necessity, that should toucheth the highest, and worthy heard, likewise have none answer this. As have
whereunto my lord Canterbury can only determined myself truth the chief mat
granted men:
through policy,
ment, were good
mine absence from the upper house, with the
absence those have used name the
nether house, will not engender more cause
objection, opportunity serve hereafter, than Warden the Fleet, and my servants know that
should any man keep me from the parlia
quired: whereunto because have used all other means
remembered, whether
had answer, relief, that could avoid that need, one loth trouble your grace with requests not necessary, Master
the specialties know the greatest matters, which your grace
and have not written
shall perceive true, see evidently, that unless my matter very notable, and also
servation honour shall daily pray Al mighty God, who preserve your grace. the
Fleet. Your grace's humble bead-man. W. Winchester the Lord Protector. . . . ”
AFTER my most humble commendations your good grace. my third letters signified
unto your grace my need physician, the state
the counsel my body then re
matter understood, that
this case write your have had
of is
to if be it
of to
to as d. he I totoit inbehe
into I
Itoto In
to to in
it,
of ne
do
of :
if
of
all
I
as
so I to
be of
as to I
be toisin
off to in
be of be IIto
it,I
as of
to
he
I
to no I I
be
it
is, to
I to
it
to
I I I be of I Iit in be as of as
to to
in if I I tonoI in
to Iof
all as itsoI betoto
aas
of
to in
to no I
S. Intoto
it
to
to
it to to
be
so isit in or
ofIof
to
I allto isinis
if I
if
ofto so
I of to
is it, in so I
I
it,
In to
I
in
be
is
of
as
I I it
by be
of tobe to to aof
is
so
601] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1531–for opposing Reformation, [602
ters, eschew use simulation by-matters: handled contrary the teaching the par my mind thank God was never quiet, liament. —Finally the books the matter
hath been since my coming hither, which hath relieved my body much, but the body hath need other relief, which cannot had am
kept commandment. These weeks sav ing one day have been here under such strait keeping, have spoken with man. And thus me seemeth see my matter perplexed, your grace will meddle with nothing done be
have show some part dangerous, af ter knew know the concealment thereof were great fault, did not utter
As for the manner mine enterprise utter
know not how have fashioned better,
fore your coming home. And those council that hath sent me hither, can selves nothing, now your grace
came
imprisonment, humbly departed
the them come home; upon which consideration sue none them, and perceive that your grace whom
wards me. And have learned
law that the deed number,
act with this also, the authority
the civil one man's ho
sue, for some respect forbeareth make me answer, for such Paraphrasis make your
grace's silence, wherein near think the truth, than Erasmus his Paraphrasis some time, wherein taketh upon him guess the causes Christ's doings, thank God my mind can take hurt, how vehement soever these
temptations be. But when certain sect hilosophers called stoicks, contemned their earning stoutly the grief and disease the
body, they were fain little shrink, when the gout any disease nipped them, and now
my stomach nippeth me, which have favoured much any man England, and have
laden light either with meat drink many years,and specially since my coming hither
any other. And after saw could get answer from your grace for physician, have left such study used, and given myself
continual walking for exercise, and with hope
relief, have delayed any further suit that jesty justly and rightfully and
matter till now. And now sue enforced, God ought supreme head which do most humbly with request, that im Church England, and also
the laws earth the
Ireland, and
the clergy this realm
tion, and act parliament justly and ac cording the laws God recognised. ”
less were charged with other offence than
am yet charged with, my conscience can granteth. -
be. For me secuneth have deserved thanks Art. Item, That his majesty, supreme
your grace, and the realm, for the disclosing
prisonment, being me, that was never prison before, itself too tedious, not with special commandment made more grievous, un
their convoca
the faults the Paraphrasis, wherein have
written some specialties, but not all; and have
such shew may term that book one
word, abomination, both for the malice and
untruth much matter out Erasmus pen
and also the arrogant ignorancy the transla
tor into English considering the book should firmatively.
authorised king, and the injunctions Art. Item, That and every his grace's charge the realm for buying rather above subjects are bound the law God obey 20,000l. than under, whereof have made ac his majesty's said laws, injunctions, and pro count estimate the number buyers, and ceedings concerning religion and orders the the price the whole books: the translator said Church.
sheweth himself ignorant, both Latin and To the third Article the said Bishop English, nan far unmeet meddle with such answereth affirmatively and grantcth
matter, and not without malice his part, Art. Item, That you Steven Bishop
whereby your grace may take argument, Winchester have sworn obedience unto his ma
what moved them that counseled your graee jesty supreme head this Church Eng authorise such book the realm. As for land, and also of Ireland.
my lord Canterbury's homily salvation
hath many faults, have been weeks
prison, which besides the general that the
matter maketh trouble without necessity, and subjects, that disobey any majesty's said
the council your absence, declare some part
than
and
when
mination
from them hither without grudge, and remain here without grudge any one them, for they shewed fashion any evil mind to
write
my knees
them receiving their deter
noured, which rule observe thought word
and deed. After which sort remain with
such suits have made your grace hitherto,
and with this also that add, enforced for the
relief my body, how little soever do, and
have cause set which most humbly desire your grace consider, and send me
some answer this bearer; and shall pray Almighty God for the preservation your grace's felicity. Your grace's humble bead man. W.
Articles and Positions ministered and objected, each them jointly and severally, the Bishop
inchester, and contained Letter from the Lord Protector the said Bishop fol loweth.
Article “Imprimis, That the king's ma
Winchester. This first Article the Bishop
head the said Churches, hath full power and authority make and set forth laws, injunc
tions, and ordinances for and concerning reli gion, and orders the said churches, for the increase virtue, and repressing errors, heresies, and other enormities, and abuses.
W.
To this second Article he answereth af.
To the fourth Article, the said Bishop answereth affirmatively and granteth
Art Item, That and every his grace's
o
is it, W. W. byof II
is
his
of to
inof in IIinis inI
5.
4.
3.
of
2. to of of
toby1. asof
I in
to
in
a I in
I I I to a
I inI
into
Iin noof of as
as
of H S. of Ionto to
a be ofof
ofto as as I of of
I
astoIit byI
a by of of of
as of do as I asor no II
an in of of of on
I no be
as I 7 in
by allof all
of
toby
to it,Ito
it. of
it.
of
to it to
be of as
of
in
of as so of
it, it. I
I by of
go
all
of
of
I ofI
a to
of as all
inby a I is
to - toI noinof of
to ofbe
to I by
aitis no toto as
off so
of
abeabyasof he to
7,aI aI of toas
as IorIa
or
at in of ofI
I
I
in
be
Iof totoisby as
to to so
is, - toofIifit,so2
to toof I in the
603] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1331–Procoding against Bishop Gardiner, [004
laws, injunctions, ordinances, and proceedings which might seem unto me, that was not already set forth and published, or hereafter to of all believed that was diseased. And there
be set forth and published, ought worthily to be
punished, according to his ecclesiastical law used within this his realm.
fore with expedition, when could not ride, came horse litter, and according my duty presented myself my lords the coun
W. To this fifth Article the said Bishop cil, who then entertained me secretly among answereth affirmatively and granteth them before the matters were objected unto me, Art. Item, That you the said Bishop had been the same place with them well the king's majesty's late visitation within that was our late sovereign lord's days.
your diocese, sundry times have been Afterwards my lord Somerset's grace charged complained upon, and sundry informations me with these matters following, and this made against you for your doings, sayings, and form, having the articles written paper. — preachings against sundry injunctions, orders, First, with disobedience that came not his
and other proceedings his majesty, set forth for reformation errors, superstitions, and
other abuses religion.
W. This Article toucheth other men's acts,
sending for. Whereunto answered, That had his letters licence stay till might come conveniently. And upon these last letters
came incontinently horse litter. Then who how they have complained informed, was objected, That bare palms, and crept
". . .
tell. For at the time of the king's majesty's visitation was the Fleet, and,
the morrow after Twelfth Day was delivered Hampton-court, my lord Somerset and my lord Casterbury then being council, with
many other counsellors, and was delivered these words: The king's majesty hath granted
general pardon, and the benefit thereof was discharged: whereunto answered, That
cannot
answered,
misinformed, and trusted they would not think
durst deny had done because cere monies had such circumstances, might ea
sily reproved were otherwise. Then was objected, That Easter had solemn sepulchre the church, and such other cere monies. answered, That had even many
the cross. Whereto
That
they
were
the king's majesty's proclamations com was learned never refuse the king's majes manded me: declaring plainly, That thought
ty's pardon, and strength that was and would and did humbly thank majesty there fore, and then they began with me article
not expedient make any alteration, where offend the king's majesty's proclamation;
adding how that followeth com learning touching justification, whereunto manded very obedient. —It was then objected
they willed me say my mind; adding there with, that because other learned had agreed
unto me, That went about deface two the king's majesty's chaplains, sent down canons of the church of Winchester. Where
form delivered unto me, should not think
could alter it: which received of them, and unto answered, declaring the fact truly
promised the Thursday after repair my was, which am yet able justify. After this lord Somerset's house Sheene, with my matter thus oft objected and answered, was
mind written which did, and that day commanded apart, and being called seven-night following, appearing before him and again, my lord Somerset's grace, looking upon other the council, was committed my house bill articles, said had preached how the
for prisoner, because refused subcribe
the form of words and sentences that other had
agreed unto, they said. which time imprisonment my house, the bishop Ro chester then being sent me, and aster master Smith, and then master Cecil, which master
Cecil, when had learning resolved my mind the matter, delivered and delivering
my lord's grace, wrote me, his name, thanks for it; and was within the time Lent, ere was discharged that trouble, and
went Winchester man clearly out all travel business. -And within days after that, thereabouts, began other travel with me, upon request made my lord
apostles went from the presence the council, the council, the council;” which matter
denied, adding, That was not my fashion preaching, play iteration words. -- After that, was objected unto me for preach ing the sacrament, say, the body Christ was ‘really' present, being fault use the word ‘really, not comprised the scripture. Where unto answered, That did not use the word ‘really,’ which needeth not. For once heard my lord Canterbury reason against one Lam bert the presence the king's majesty that
dead the words the scripture, “This my body that shall betrayed for you,' plainly and lively express the very presence, and
did set forth the people my diocese. —
Somerset surrender college Cambridge,
and divers letters were written between his And this the effect that was said against
grace and me Wherein might perceive the secretary with his pen took occasion
prick me inore, than trusted my lord's grace
me my being the council, can re member. To whom declared how much
esteemed obedience, and told them had himself would have done. And this trouble taught my diocese, how the whole life
was deduced end. Then shortly after received letters coine the council, and reason alledged my disease, was respited
other letters, and three days before Whit suntide received yet other letters come,
Christian man consisteth stiffering properly and therefore we may not our own will, but the will God: and among men, we must
Sic Orig.
to
by inhe to in or to at
it.
by
ofto Ito IIby at I
as
bybyI so itin I to
a
of I
a
of *
is
I in
I to toI
orof II as ;
5.
to in a in to it. by
to
of
as of at
do
inall a a
to I to I I
in anI it I I to
a as to I
by I of
to aofit, atIIof I In to as I
I inby to his inin
14
to of ofof
an ; of to ,
of
a initas II as I
of of
of
or
in
I Itobe if
at inIof
II
in is; is it
of
of
all in
in anall
it
at to be
itso
it,
go to if I I in
to I
toofofIhe ifof
IofofofitI atitIIofI Iin to in in to
in toIit, I asto of as as
asI Iin
I of heIa a ofit
IdoofIisas Iin
of is asto at to
;a I so ofI in itbeof it toit I
605] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. WH, 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [605
either suffer the rulers will, or their power; have had any by-admonitions, man faulty their will to order us, and their power to punish negligent any time, that remember not, us. After declaration whereof, my lord of for the observation any thing already made Somerset said, Ye must tarry in the town. set forth the king's majesty that now Whereunto I answered, I would be contented but have kept, and caused kept my at their commandinent or pleasure to tarry : power the king's majesty's acts, statutes, in but seeing I was no offender, I desired then I junctions, and proclamations inviolably, having might not tarry as an offender ; and for decla for that purpose such chancellor, orders ration thereof that I might have some house in and ordinances hath been always himself dili the country about London, to remove unto for gent and precise, for that time might have a shift. In devising whereof I stuck much to knowledge his doings.
borrow Asshar. My lord of Somerset said, if Art. Item, That after the premises, and he had any, in faith he would lend me one. for that those former admonitions and com
And in the end my lord of Somerset desired ine
to write what my mind was in ceremonies, and to send it unto him, and with that departed. — Thus I have truly opened after what sort I have been complained on, that hath certainly come to my knowledge; truth it that one Philpot
mandments notwithstanding, you did yet still
shew yourself not conformable, and for that
also others your example were much ani mated, and thereby occasion much unquiet
ness ministered among the people, you were called before the king's majesty's council the
the second year his ma them his majesty's be preach sermon before his
Westminster, whom accounted altered
his wits, have heard, devised tales
the specialities whereof never was called answer unto. Players and minstrels also rail ed me, and others made ballads aud rhymes of me, but never man had just cause com plain any my sayings, doings, preachings,
half commanded
majesty, and therein declare the justness and godliness his majesty's father his pro
month June, me, jesty's reign, and
ceedings upon certain matters partly mention certain articles you delivered writ my knowledge did, otherwise than afore. ing, and partly otherwise declared unto you.
And any man shall put me remembrance any other complaint that might my ab sence made me, have beard will
grant But well assured am, was never
complained on, and called make answer
the complaint, but this one time my whole life any man any degree. Once the lord Cromwell, God pardon his soul and forgive him, caused, one day and half
spent matter between Francis Brian and me, which was ended, and declared honest man, which the king's majesty that dead
God pardon his soul, set forth with his fami liarity me incontinently. And this the
trouble that have had my life, saving the sending the Fleet, being occasioned my
own letter the council, upon zeal that had, which they allowed not. And finally, this sending me the Tower; which was without calling me before the council, bear what could say. am loth forsworn, and therefore account all the complaints
my whole life made against me whereunto have been made privy. -
monished, commanded and enjoined con with sincerity conscience. The motion form yourself, your duty appertained. preaching was made unto me mine own W. To this seventh article answer; was house master Cecil, upon the duke So never called afore the council way out merset's behalf, after had been before the ward complaint and information, but only once council, have besore said; from which
and such like and just taking away chan tries, abbeys and colleges, hallowing candles,
water, ashes, palm, holy bread, beads, creeping the cross, and such like. Also, touching the setting forth the king's majesty's authority his young years great his high
ness were Inany more years. That auricular confession indifferent, and necessity
the law God; and touching the procession and common prayer English.
W. This Article being many parts some true, some otherwise, must an
swered division into divers members, divide the one from the other, granting that
which true, denying that which otherwise,
and openist, that which ambiguous, avoiding sion those and many other complaints and that which captious; as, according my informations, you have been sundry times ad oath, may open directly and plainly the truth,
Art. Item, That after and upon occa
my whole life, which was my last com ing London. Whereunto answered
council departed, before rehearsed,
no offender; and therefore when master Cecil spake me preaching before the king's ma
afore, and have told the form and process
this jesty, with request write my sermon before,
denied that manner preaching, because said was preach like an- offender, and
the higher powers my whole life, was none, but departed from the council other till my coming into the Tower, without that wise, have before shewed. And the said
speech serve furniture answer
and that article for other than have before written remember not to have done or suffer
The effect whereof was touching the usurped power and authority the bishop Rome,
that the same was justly and godly taken away this realm and other the king's majesty's do minions; touching the just suppressing and
taking away monasteries and religious houses,
pilgrimages, reliques, shrines, images. The
superstitious going about St. Nicholas bi shop, St. Edmund, St. Katharine, St. Clement,
ed by
in to all
is,
of or if to
in on
in all
in
of
if II
I
is,
I to
: as
of
I
in so. be to a
of
for
to
I
I
of to
of
Iof Iat by
sir
be aI
I ofas I
Iin I anbe to
to
is
to by all to all
l
to
of toin
I
ofI to
to 1
in
asit
ItoIby isbyof
of 8.
byof byat
as -toofIis
II as of
as by
is,
7.
to
toIby I
to it I is,
in to
of
in
ed in
or or
to
a
I
is of
of of of
to as of in to
of I it be oftoto
by
of
sois as of a
of of is so
on
to
inis noas
if of
ofIbeIas a
;of
in
in it,
ofbeofin into
to
in
or
of in of
as
to
in
as
a
607] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [608
master Cecil did not say to me that I was brought my lord Somerset's chamber,
moved to preach, because I was not conforma ble; for I had at that time no manner of vari
and there the matter ended thus, that my lord Somerset said would require writing me, but remit me, spake the
ance with the council, but was in conformity
with them, for anything that know, will matters the papers delivered me master answer afore God. —As for evil example, Cecil. told him would speak them, sav any man, could none give, for never offend ing for childrens' toys, going about Saint
law, statute, proclamation this realm, Nicholas, and Saint Clement. that now did ever any act the impairing due gone, quoth and forgotten, too busy
obedience the king's majesty my whole rehearsal them, they will say
cumber
life; but observation them, and letting their heads with ceremonies, and thus they
innovations, have done much me lay will defame me. When ceremonies were plenty,
to maintain obedience. —After master Cecil they will say, did nothing but preach them,
had spoken me preaching, and delivered and now they gone, babble them still. two papers containing the matters whereupon said would teach the chief points, adding
should intreat, because refused give my that would speak other matters also, and sermon writing, which was me like of with that, being put my liberty choose the fender, read those papers another day, departed and otherwise was not spoken
man's device, the conception and sincere manner uttering mine own conscience,
which me thought then since, and yet, mar
vellous unreasonable matter, touching both my
conscience and honesty, was then set the named the papers delivered unto me, duke Somerset's grace's chamber, and came although not altogether after this sort; saving
back door himself alone, saving the setting forth the king's majesty's autho took him witness said, the lord now rity his minority, whereof there word
with concerning preaching, saving after Master Cecil came unto me, whereof shall speak
anon. —And concerning the matters
spoken of, all such things here rehearsed
Wiltshire, then great master; and after many words, he shewed me certain articles subscrib lawyers, what bishop might command, and what the king might command, and what
those papers, now was there ever any pro mise made me speak Truth
that after had signified the day when would preach, Master Cecil came unto me, makin the chief message know the day when would preach: whom had sent word before that should St. Peter's day, because me thought the Gospel served well for that purpose, and
ain the disobeyer. —To whom said plain and truly, how those lawyers subscription
could not serve this case command me utter the people, for mine own devise
words, that which not indeed might speak with these lawyers, said, should soon perceive them agree My lord said, should speak with
and grace
with me. man, and
process communication
should was bidden, worse, and bad me advise me till dinner was done. And
then was conveyed the lord great master his chamber, and there left alone dine, was indeed honourably prepared. But took
myself the nature prisoner, and restrained man. —And about two of the clock at afternoon came unto me master Thomas Smith, then secretary, unto whom complained
much king one year age hundred years age, and touched
the unreasonableness the matter, and touched king; and therefore (quoth he) shewed him certain particularities; who said speak king, must join counsel with all. was not meant precisely, but speak Whereunto made no answer, but shifted to
the matters. speak
To whom said, was content the matters, and then iff speak not
other matter, without making him any promise, denial, because would neither bind myself,
nor trouble myself discuss that matter. For albeit godly and wisely done every prince use counsel yet, speaking king's power
Scripture, cannot express Scripture
limit the king's power counsel. And hear ing blindly report some secret matter, that will not speak here, thought not med
dle with the pulpit: and yet the effect have our sovereign lord now obeyed,
which mind was ever, pointed our sovereign lord there presence, and said
was only obeyed, and would have but one king, and other words that purpose. But for any promise made me, ut terly deny and tell plainly the cause why
according
enough
and
desire.
with my conscience say men ought and should content and satisfied. And further,
thought that my manner the uttering those matters should offend the council,
had rather deny speak the thing, and begin the contention secretly with them, than begin with pulpit, and bring myself
further trouble than needed and therefore they would have me preach, would preach
myself, and these matters, thought they should content. —Whereupon was
the truth them, there should
bear witness my condemnation,
speak the truth, then they had their And said further, thought might
told me that had said king was
liked gaily well word that another communication, how
thought
him again, every man knew thar, and then
would well taken. told
opened myself the matter further. And
his next repair unto me, which was the Mon day before preached, the said Master Cecil brought me papers the king's majesty's hand, shewing me how the king's highness used note every notable sentence, and specially
•II
of to ofif to it of to to y ed in need
so
of I I do so I to no ;
inin all ofto asall
I ; so
asI
to of
of to
of
I
I at if to by toa
beI to of in
toof Idoto ofor I
to be as to to byto I inasI
beofI I as
or
to in so is in soofI by
to of
a of to
heIIas
of aorIto toI
as
I I to
in as of I
I
asifin I be of
I his toa
an
of I byto or
it,at in be hean it in
to it is
of a
II I
of in ; IofI, to
of
toit aIasinI
inup
it, atby I
be I all I; it hein to
be
if
a as Iin ofhe
to
I in ofof
inof toIyeof a be toof
toin oftotoofto
Iby I I of of be by beat of as
II ofbeIso toof it. ifI
aof if a I to of IIfof by IisIbe
to to I to
I of I no on beof by no it to of
Ihe
ifif
yeittoatasaIhe;is, be
Iithe
609] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [610
spake not otherwise of There was also, know not be, may happen two ways; the papers delivered unto me, occasion given one way firmity nature, another way
me speak the mass, because masses purpose. Charity Christian man permit satisfactory, some understand them. And teth not determine the worst of that which
also there was occasion speak the sacra doubtful and ambiguous both parties: ment the altar, because the proclamation touching doubtfulness objected, take God passed the same, which true, shall record, minded speak simply, and
the king's majesty's side only, and not invisible the world, with ambiguities, esteem ing him, &c. The worst man he, that will make himself lock words and speech, which known not my fashion, nor think this life worth that dissimulation, and how can that doubtful speech him, that pro fesseth agree with the king's laws, injunc
the said articles you spake and uttered your
mind such doubtful sort, the justness and be that call doubt whatsoever serveth not godliness majesty's father's and his pro their appetite. not the speaker sa ceedings was not set forth according the tisfy the hearer that will doubt where doubt commandment given unto you, and your own not. The sum my teaching was, that visi promise, the great offence the hearers, ble things ordered serve us, which we and manifest contempt his majesty, and dan may convenient service use. And when we
justify the said papers.
Art. Iteu, That you receiving the same;
and promising declare the same sermon you made before his majesty for that purpose the feast St. Peter the said second year
reign, did then and there contemptuously and disobediently omit declare and set forth many the said matters, and divers other
gerous example others. Touching that promise
serve them, that abuse, and may then, answer be the ruler's pleasure, unless scripture appointeth
that should special use them, corrected that use, or
letter sent from the duke shall speak after.
Somerset, whereof
from four the yet speak doubtfully, otherwhiles am rejected
tions and statutes, which did expressly? There
fore; and touching omission
have spoken contempt disobedience, taken away for reformation. And this
answer nine oath; did not omit any plain teaching that hath doubt but
thing did omit contempt disobe dience; for ever minded satisfy the pro mise, speak matters those papers according my former declaration. And
did percase omit any thing, whereof can make now assurance, being two years and
yea and nay both sides, without mean make doubt, And any that doubteth com eth unto me, will resolve him the doubt
my fault
half past since preached) but did omit and ignorance, whereunto resort, not for
any thing, who knew my travel the mat ter, would not marvel, being troubled with
shift, whereof indeed profess the knowledge,
but shew how sometime my hinderance
am noted learned, that can speak plainly, and
can. And commanded
promised speak plainly, am speak plainly, and cannot, then promise only the nature folly
had done my sermon as one that understandeth not the matter at all. the Friday, did neither drink, eat, nor As touching contempt, there can none ina
clock Thursday, till
sleep, careful was preaching without
pass over the travel nifest that proceedeth privy promise; slander the truth, had broken intended not, but intended
my promise, and dis take appeareth my general sentence,
God and the king's most agree with the superiors, and only find fault
and with satisfaction
charge my duty
excellent majesty. Wherein, whether- any the inferior subjects, who daily transgress
thing were omitted not, could have an swered more precisely than can now, ac cording my most instant suit, and the suit
my servants, the matter had been heard while was fresh memory. But because
the king's majesty's proclamations and other, whereof spake then.
Article 10th. Item, that you being also commanded his majesty's behalf, for avoiding tumult, and for other great con siderations, inhibited treat any matter
controversy concerning the mass, and
no mortal offence, man the communion, then, commonly called the remembrance will purge sacrament the altar, did contrary the
infirmity nature, pain our original sin,
omission may
which oblivion
which case
being put
therefore, according the true testimony said commandment and inhibition, declare mine own conscience, dare the more boldly divers your judgments and opinions the
deny contempt and disobedience, having for
my declaration general sentence spoken
my sermon, that agreed with the upper part
their laws, orders and commandments, such
like words, and found fault only the lower
part. By which sentence appeared, how
allowed the whole that was past hitherto, before the Friday when preached, M. Cecil and only disseuted from the doings them that came me, and having his other accesses attempt innovations their own presumption. spoken word thereof, did then utter and And furthermore say, That that saying (omis advise me from the Somerset, that should
sion) here objected unto me, were true, uot speak the sacrament the mass, WOL.
same, the manifest contempt his highness's said inhibition, the great offence the hear ers, and disturbance common quiet and unity the realm.
W. To the tenth Article the said bishop an swered, that the Wednesday afternoon, next
I.
in
he to byas to of I of, his
if it
to or I
if in of of
of be
in of
as
I inin ofI inin in
if a a I
in I
all
it
to of so
on
no to (if I
9. byof
of
init
of
of
of on I
I
of
in of
ofonby his
as Ia isisbein I I of to of
Ia ofby
by ortoI itallit)
of
itIIas astoof
to ofall I So by of of to of I
to
in to it.
ofin of of inII
if orIaof
or a if of it;
as to
I
in to
is
on
2ktoofin it,toainisI
Ias to in toit *no of if be by
of of totoII of be in a in it, on
to on I isofIt to
I isatoof D. if bean to aof
of of to byof to to Ibe
at or
of of
in of I of be in all
of
I
a in it,
is
inI all
a Iin no in of to to
in
to
of or
all to
to to gobetoasisof
of
ifasis do toI Ia Itoaa aat is I
W.
to
611] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [612 whereby he said I should avoid trouble. And when God biddeth me speak, doth
when he saw me not to take it well, I mean,
quoth he, doubtful matters. I asked him what? he said transubstantiation. I told him he wist
not what transubstantiation meant. I will
preach, quoth I, the very presence of Christ's
most precious body and blood in the sacrament,
which is the Catholic faith, and no doubtful
matter, ne yet in controversy, saving that cer the said month, which maintaineth my preach tain unlearned speak of it they wot not what. ing the sacrament and mass, according And among the matters, quoth I, whereof I the proclamation and injunctions, the violation have promised to speak, I must by special which public letters, had been disorder words speak of the sacrament and of the mass and contempt, whereas neither offended also. And when I shall so speak of them, I the one, nor the other. —And for tumult,
will not forbear to utter my faith and true be none could reasonably feared any thing lief therein, which I think necessary for the spoken agreeable the king's majesty's laws, king's majesty to know; and therefore if I wist there did follow none, nor the people, nor to be hanged when I came down, I would speak any man did offer my person any wrong, or
Which plain zeal my conscience, ground make tumult against me notwithstanding, upon God's commandment his message players, jesters, rhymers, ballad-makers, did sig
truly, would not hide, but utter so, my lord mify me the true catholic faith, which
should, would not have spoken not let me come there might have done: whereas else, had had deceitful purpose,
might have accepted the advice, and without
any colour trouble have refused follow thing grounded upon wealth only, was
according my duty declared the king's majesty, from whom may hide truth that
think expedient for him know. And
the name God cannot used any crea ture against God, more can the king's name
king's majesty's laws, with discharge my con viz.
the month the third
year highness reign, his
them,
had been, they were not, such terms framed, his majesty sent efisoons unto you know
science and duty obey, although the said
had preciscly forbidden me, they did not, your conformity towards his said reformations, but only uttered speak matters con and specially touching the book common troversy the sacrament which indeed did not, prayer, then lately set forth majesty, but only uttered truth my conscience most whereunto you the same time refused certainly persuaded the most holy sacra shew yourself conformable.
blood present the sacrament feed us, that
was given redeem us. showed not my sovereign lord the truth thereof, for my part
preached yesterday obedience, but did
not obey yourself, and went forth with his
message very soberly, can, and discreetly. suffer him wittingly fall into that extreme asked him wherein obeyed not. He said,
danger body, which Saint Paul threateneth, whose person am bound nature, special
touching my lord Sadier, quoth grace, would letter for the love
Somerset's letter. Master pray you say unto my lord's
when the wolf cometh, and not hide myself silence, which the most shameful running
away all. have much matter alledge against the letter why should not credit written his name alone, against common letter, took written him and the Council, and published print the first day
used any subject against his highness. then tittered. With this my answer M. Cecil Wherefore seeing the abuse this holy sacra departed, and upon the Thursday which was ment hath danger assured scripture
the next day following, and the evening before body and soul; whosoever persuaded preached between three and four after the catholic faith am, findeth himself
noon, received letter signed with the hand burdened utter that unto his majesty, no
the duke am ready
Somerset, the copy whereof worldly loss can him duty that exhibit, and took then and es behalf, and much less my lord's private letters
teemed
now contain no effectual inhi
written without other the council's hands. bition whereunto might God's law, the Art. 11. Item, That after the premises,
May June one
ment, necessary known the king's ma jesty, and uttered me admitted
that place preaching, from whence God com
mandeth his truth uttered, which this for such matter, came his house the right nature truth, the undue estimation and use worshipful Anthony Wingfield, and Rafe whereof Saint Paul threateneth with temporal Sadler, knights, accompanied with great num death, may wise omitted. was ber the guard, and used themselves for their and on persuaded the right estimation the part according their worships, and doubt sacrament acknowledge the very pre not) they were appointed, and Rafe sence the same most precious body and Sadler began thus with me; My lord, said he,
so
oaths, and God's laws,
power, will do, and must
and ineans. And the king's majesty doth
vouchsafe teach his people not obey his
commandment, where God commandeth the upon the receipt and quoth
contrary, might not take my lord Somer see how began, and shewed him (because we sets letter for inhibition hold my peace, were then my study) the beginning my
preserve my ways
IV. To the 11th Article for answer and de claration thereof, said, the next day as ternoon after had preached, when looked
never made mention that bear him. And yet, quoth have not broken that letter, and was
mind quoth have written my lord may
an
byIinbe
tono betoa
ofifhe of I
in
sir
to in of of tobe
I as of of of of toI to toin ofto
it I as soto
toifI
I3, I
as of no
in
of
of I I
lo,
as byto
of a a to as he
I,to
to or to of
Ia if tobetoto
as of
to be be of
to by
to Itoasit itto
of
toby So Iof toas
do I to do
allby as in atas
to
ofI in
or it
to Iit
of,
I,Iye I
,
ofbe asof in
I,he itof
I,heItoat a
oftoIof he ofletas noI to
is it,
a
hisof
by
of noto as
he
of ye at as
ye I of sir(I
sir
in
to
or do
by hisis
of beto
:
as
of I as I edit. a
to in by ahe If by of
in
to
asin
it,Ias ofI IinI he:ofto beto
soin
I
in to of it,
I
613] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [614
letter, and reasoned with him for the declara told him thought not, and the matter came
tion myself, and told him therewith, will not spend, quoth many words with you, for
cannot alter this determination. And yet
good faith, quoth my manner you, and broken this realm the punishment whereof this declaration may have this effect, that hath not been handled after this sort, and yet gently handled the prison, and for that pur would stand defence that have not broken pose pray you make suit my behalf— his letter, weighing the words his letter, Master Wingfield laid his hand my shoulder wherein reasoned with master secretary
and arrested me the king's name for disobe dience. asked him whither should They said the Tower. Finally desired then that
might spoken with shortly, and heard what
Peter what controversy was, and some part
what could say further. But whatsoever can say, quoth you must judge and for
the passion God and then me sue for mercy, when the nature the offence known, will have But when am, quoth declared offender, will with hu
could say suiters
After that
myself, and prayed them
and they said they would. — was once the Tower, until was
within six days one whole year, could hear mility suffering make amonds the king's no manner, word, mcssage, comfort, relief, majesty, far am able; for should never
saving once when was sick, and me thought offend him, and much less his young age. — some extremity towards me, my chaplain had My lord chancellor then shewed me the be leave come me once, and then denied ginning the act for common prayer, how again, being answered, that my fever was but dangerous
tertian, which my said chaplain told me when told him that he came me the Easter following, and came abroad,
would well aware But after the act, how man on Easter day departed, and for suit could should troubled for this act, unless were ever have him since. To master Lieutenant first indicted, and therefore (quoth may
judgment should appear. And then said hin, My lord, how many open injunc tions under seal and open court have been
was break the order
was true, and therefore
there being with me from the morning till night quoth
made divers suits provoke the duke So not kept prison for this act. Ah (quoth merset's grace hear me and might have he) perceive know the law well enough. the liberty Englishman, would plainly told him my chaplain had brought unto me declare had neither offended law, statute, act, the afternoon before. Then they required me proclamation, nor own letter neither; but look the book, and say my mind it; all would not help, and shall report me answered that thought not meet yield Mr. Lieutenant whether all this time ma myself scholar school prison, and
ligned, grudged, used any unseemly words, then slander myself though redeemed my
touching the honour like
quoth think that have forgotten myself? My duty, quoth requireth so, and will my knees desire him my good
ever demanding justice, and heard ac faults with my conscience.
cording justice. When had been thus law which
the Tower one whole year within six days subject, and
seven, remember, came the Tower the suffer the pain
lord chancellor England, now being the lord mity should shew, cannot tell; for mine treasurer, and master secretary Peter, who call offences past there any. have ing me unto them, remember, entered not suffered enough, will suffer more, upon thus; they said they had brought with them examination found faulty and for this book passed the parliament, which they new law, keep not, punish me likewise. would should look on, and say my mind —Then my lord chancellor asked me whether and upon my conformity lord So would not desire the king's majesty
merset would suiter the king's majesty for good lord. which words said: Alas my lord,
mercy ministered me. Whereunto answered, that trusted might heard, the
king's majesty's justice would relieve me, which
had long sited for, and could not heard. lord, and my lord protector also, quoth That
And sue for mercy, quoth when have well said, quoth my lord chancellor. And what not my conscience offended, and also sue will say further quoth my lord chancellor. out this place, where asking mercy in good faith, quoth this, that thought when plieth further suspicion than would be for had preached, that had not offended all, all the world touched in, were not expedient; and think still, and had not been for the and therefore, quoth not guilty, and hath article the supremacy, would have rather been continually allowed good plea pri fained myself sick, than occasion this that soner. Then my lord said, why quoth he, were hath followed; but going the pulpit, must
not commanded preach the king's all needs say said.