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wapaxwranfivums, ' by attaching,' so. 10? : arpar'q'yois 49 ? 25.
220. yam, 'a mockery,' = 'yehoi'ov, as in 14 ? 26, 19 ? ? 72,
272, 294, 332. Similarly dvd'ymy (? 10)=dva'yxa. i'ov, and are;
(1 ? 3) = 6etv6v. xpe? peOa, ' manage. '
222. oi'rx finds 1(a), 'no, indeed; not we. ' 76 emphasises
mix as much as basis.
223. wokepofipev: since 357 no.
? 261. 223. Exeipo'roveirs: the Imperf. implies a retrospect
over the whole duration of the war with Philip, including the
current year. While most of the public officials at Athens
were appointed by lot (Khflpw'rol), all the military oflicers were
elected by open voting (see Aristotle's Guest. of Athens 61
? ? 1--5). The ten generals and ten captains (one for each
tribe) commanded the Infantry; the two generals of horse
and the ten captains of horse (one for each tribe) commanded
the Cavalry. In the text the inferior officers in each arm of
the service are mentioned first. This admits of the several
officers, who are ten in number, being enumerated consecutively,
leaving the list to be closed by the two generals of horse.
226. 1rM|v e? vbs--mihepov: at first the ten a'rpanryot exercised
a joint control in military matters. In the second half of the
fourth century ac. each of them had special duties assigned to
him. The earliest evidence of this is in an inscription of 362 11. 0. ,
6 a'Tpa-rn'ybs 6 e'n-l 'rv'yv ? vkaxnv T'fis Xdrpas (Bulletin de Correep.
Helle'nique xiii 434 l. 119 and 443). The chief command in
foreign campaigns was at the same time assigned to the
o'TpaT'rrybs e? 1rl Tails 61rM'ras. This must be the officer meant
in the text, the date of which is 351 13. 0. See Aristotle's Const.
of Athens 61 ? 1, with Gilbert's Gk. Const. Ant. i 257 f = 231
Eng]. ed.
227. Ex'rre? pairqfle): ? 45 Brat 6' dv "paw-ya>> e? K'n'e? /utn-rs, 2
? 28 86011! 61! e? KTe? fl? flT? o'rpa'rn'yolis. e? mre? /twew is applied to a
general in 15 ? 9 and elsewhere.
It is therefore unnecessary to accept we? pilm're, which has inferior
authority in the less, although it gets rid of the collocation of three short
syllables and introduces a play of words between ne'I-nl'ew irrparrrye? v and
ne? nnew mnmiv. This last consideration ought really to weigh against the
alteration.
1'53 flop-'mis 1re? p1roww: 3 ? 31, 'marshal your processions. '
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? 96 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 26
These ceremonial processions, which formed an impressive part
of certain important festivals, were of the nature of a public
parade in which the Athenian cavalry were conspicuous. The
finely sculptured forms of the horsemen of Athens may be seen
in the frieze of the Parthenon, which (according to the best
modern authorities) represents the actual celebration of the
Panathcnaic festival, including the grand procession which
formed an im ortunt part of it. The procession of cavalry
was marshalle by one of the two i'1r1rapxoi. Xen. Hipparchi-
6168 3 ? l ne'hew 66$ 'qu lrrdpxq, . . times 16. 9 'irop. 1r? 'r. s e? v 1117s
e'opTais dEiofledrous Ionics: K'rh. Cp. Dem. 21 ? 171 e'xeipo'rovfi-
a'a're Tofi'rov (Meidias) . . Y1r1rapxov, oxe'io'fiai 5:11. 15'): ci-yopc'is
rais round: or) 6uudieevov. The a-rpar-rryol and Tafiapxoi are
mentioned, with the Zepo-iroiol, in an inscription of 340 B. c. ,
stating the portions of the preliminary sacrifices to be assigned
to the several oflicialsz--C'IA. ii 163 10? ; lcpmrom'is Kai 'ro'is
o'rparnyofs Kai 'ro'is 'raEidpxois play (nspioa) Kai 'ro'i's wo/ivreficrw
102s 'AOnvaiois (AMommsen Heortologie . 173, Martin Les
Cavaliers Athe? niens pp. 145--57). The At enian hoplites also
took part in the Panathenaic procession (Thuc. vi 56 ? 2, 58,
Aristotle Uonsi. of Athens 18 ? 4).
228. iepo'lrouiiv, 'commissioners of sacrifices,' appointed by
lot, to superintend nearly all the quadrennial festivals: of . .
'rds wsvrcrnplfias drdaas BioLKoilo'w 1rth Havafi'rlvalwv (Aristotle
C'onst. of Athens 54 ? 6).
229. at nhdfiov'res 'roiis Ir'quous: ol Koporhdfloi (Isocr. 15
? 2), 'pnppet-makers,' lit. 'those who model the clay figures ' ;
sc. 1roiob'a'w (? 34), or whdrroua'w, :1: Tip! d'yopdv. We may
supply with robs mvaovs a cogn. acc. dufipidv-ras.
Cp. [Xen. ] de rep. Lac. 3 ? 5 e? xeivmv . . fi-rmv pe? v 5w ? uwiyv alums '
15w Aifli'vwv, fir-rov 8' 5w ennui-a. neraarpe'il/ais i) 1'ti xanGw, and
Ariswph. Ecol. 1035 117w n'pivwv, and especially Anon. Oi'ntio Corinthinoa,
printed in Teubner text of Die Chrys. ii 801, 18 1'; 16 main" niw rail;
nnkivouq 1r/\a. 'r're? v-rwv; ib. 23 oil; . . Mxoiis 'id-m-rs Tod-ron |i1ro? aivrre
75w hypivaw #Maxw-re'povc, where 101'; we "in occurs two lines before
for}; "Malone. Lucian Lez'iphanes 22 EAs/hj u: mun-bu 70? ; inrb 111w nope-
1r/\a'. 0wv sis ripv ei-yo iiv nAarrope'vors c'oma'n, xexpwa'ae'vos p. 51: rfi
pL'M-q: Kai. 1n} nvavqi, 10 8' e? 'vSoOcv mihuni; 're Kai. eiiO vm'og 6311(KOMiiller
Ancient Art ? 805, 4, Becker's Chanclcs p. 223 Eng . ed. 1866). In 1896
Dr. Dorpfeld excavated on the W. slope of the Areopagus a house con-
taining a large number of moulds for casting term-cottn figures (Berlin.
phil. Wurh. 1896 p. 1087). Some commentators (Franke, Westermann,
Blass, and Weil) prefer understanding ra? ie? pxovs mi ? w\a'. pxovq, in which
case there would be a special reference to term-cotta figures of oflieers,
corresponding to the tin soldiers of modern times. The invention of toy
soldiers is ascribed (by Eustathius Comm. on Iliad xi 20) to a prehistoric
king of Cyprus--L'imagimttion des Grecs avail reporie? s'ua' le want that mi
le? gendaire dc Chyp're, Kinyros, l'e'closion de ceile ee? ramique militai're. 0n
meonlait qu'au temps de la gzler're dc Troie, 12 mi chyp'riote, lie? par une
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? 1v ? ? 26, 27 FIRST PHILIPPIC' 97
promesse d'auiunce?
"P96 Agumemnon, avait en recou'rs d an subterfuge pour
se soustmi're 1'1 L'obltgG/tion dz prendre part it l'expe'dition et qu'il avail
envoye' une jlotte de EB'I'Te 614i? 2(6<11pe? mvuv o're? on), monte? e par zles solduts de
me? m nuttie're (yrfivous 6118 as). EPottier Les Statuettes de Terre Cum dans
Z'A ntiquize? 1890 p. 27. ne of the Tanagra figurines represents a Greek
hoplite with helmet, cuirass, and chlamys (figured ib. p. 93). But it is
not until the latter part of the sentence that the 'oflicers' are mentioned,
and it seems best to understand such a word as ivSpuim-ag, which would
suggest itself to the audience immediately after hearing 10in; 1rq/\|. 'vovq.
Reference to toy officers is not excluded by this interpretation. All that
is here contended is that the reference is not to toy oflicers alone.
els 'rv'lv dyopdv, 'for the market-place,' here mentioned not
only as the place where terra-cotta toys, etc, were sold, but
also as the principal scene of the festal processions.
For the former cp. Lucian (quoted in last note), and sis r2111 dye/adv
Mania/aw (Menander); also Aeschiu. 1 ? 97 yvvaina. dne? wa. e? mu-rancvnv
e'pya'gso'flal. . . sis 'riqv dyopulv (Cobet VL. pp. 94 f). FOI' t e letter, 21 ? 171
inapxov bxsio'em. 81. 6. 'rfis zi'yopa-s fair; around-i: of: Suvafuevov, Xen.
Hipparchicus 3 ? 2 16. : ne? v 05v roan-ii; oinaau. iv Kai 'rois Gabi; KlXU-Pl'
int-evm-rzi-rag- Kai-10? ; Osaraiq (Ivar, 62, 30101! Zepd. Kai. dyaiAua-ru. Ev rfi dycpq:
150-11, 1a|71a dpfa'pevol. a'. 1ro 1'de 'Eppjw KiiKMy nepi. 'n'pl iyopdv Kai. 1'6.
is b. nepiehaiivoiev Til/. 611"; 1'01): Osofis, Eur. El. 388 i'yiihya'r' dyope? is,
enander (ap. Phot. s. v. ne'mrew) ampa'i. HavaOfii/al. ' c'1ru8i7 8U dyopig
are'prnwni we, | Mocrxiwv, inf-mp e? a'ipn. 1'1"; xe? pns' if dpuaros.
? 27 l. 231. e'xpfiv: like e? BEt, 1rpoo'fiKev, without it>>; followed
(as here) by Infin. , 18 ? 28, 51 ? 3 (Goodwin llIT. ? ? 415--9).
232. 'rafiuipxovs map' iipfiw, 'captains elected by yourselves,'
=|'1? ' ill/1&1! Kexezporovnae? vour 1. 238, 8 ? 24; Lycurg. 105 702'};
1ra. p' 13,1461! iryepovas, Xen. Hell. Vii 4, 9, and Anab. v 5, 19 To"
1rap' l'l/MTW c'tp/Loa'r'rfiv (i1). ? 20 1Q i'J/Lere? pq, dppoarfi).
'ii'lr'l'rmpxov, the reading of S alone, has been generally preferred to
imrdpxovs 0n the ground that, as these officers had to take rt in the
festal processions, only one of the two could be sent abroa (Sauppe).
But each of the 'hmapxm normally commanded the cavalry of five of the
tribes (Aristotle Coast. of Athens 61 ? 4). Thus the cavalry of Athens was
divided into two corps under two separate commanders, and in battle
one of the two corps would naturally be on each wing (cp. Martin Les
Cav. Ath. p. 381). During any important war, probably both the
commanders were abroad; in ordinary times, perhaps only one was
abroad at a time. It may be suspected that 'hnmpxov is due to the
mistaken supposition that one of the two was sent to Leinnos, whereas
this was really a third ofilcer. If imdpxnu: is accepted, it would prob-
ably require the Article: at plurali Dem. usus esset, articulum addidisset;
na'm, 12a. omnes, qui duo tantmn. eromt, H/ipparchos dizisset (Voemel).
233. dpxov-ras oixstovs, '(in short) ought not all your
officers to belong to yourselves ? ' llv' v : Ind. of that which
is not the fact; 28 ? 5 e? xpfiv Ketha-ai, 'lu fir, 22 ? 21, 24 ? 48,
Goodwin M T. ? 333, Pcher ii 37. alas dh'nefis: sometimes
supposed to be=oiifws (:8 av dknfliis, but this explanation
will not apply to (bi e? -re? pws (18 ? ? 85, 212). a"; is better
regarded as the Adv. of the Article, just as diaai'lrws is the
H
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? 98 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 27
Adv. of 6 afi-re? s. In fact all Adverbs in -ws may be ex-
plained as old forms of the Abl. ; thus the original form of the
Abl. of HIM" would be *Kahe? e, which by droppin 6 and
adding s became Kn. th (Giles Manual Comp. Et. ? 2 8). dis
M17061: would thus be the old Abl. of To dX-qfie? s used as an
Adv. Plato Lashes 1831) has e? v 1i) dMOslg d" M11069. (Cp.
Rehdantz Ind. s. v. dis, Schomann on Isaeus 7 ? 27, Kiihner
Gr. Gr. ii ? 555, 15, and Fox on Dem. Mcgalop. p. 166. )
234. "s Tokens: ? 19 l. 165. sis pe? v Afinvov--
nheiv, 'lizliile the commander of horse elected by yourselves
sails to Lemnos, yet' etc. The regular despatcli of a Y1r1rapxos
to Lemnos is also attested by llypereides pro Lycophrmw
001. 14 l'l/LeTs . . ,ue . . rpt'e? rov ? 25hapxov e? xetpo-rorfio'a're, e? '1rec'ra
els Afiavou Y1r1rapxov KT)\. (Cp. Martin 1. 0. p. 383. ) We
now know further that this Z'1r1rapxos was a special and local
officer, different from the two i'1r1rapxor at Athens itself,
Aristotle's Const. of Athens 61 ? 6 Xezporovofim 6% ml els
Afi/uov i'1r1rapxov, 5s e? 'lrzpleheT'raL T6511 Z1r1re? wv To? >> 6:4 Artur/qr.
Cp. 0111. ii 14 (378--6 13. 0. ) [l1r1rapx]oiiv-ros e? v Avian/(p.
This new evidence disposes of Grote's supposition that 129 Afinvov . .
nkeiv may here refer to some ' proverbial expression at Athens for getting
out of the way and evading the performance of duty ' (c. 34 iii 238).
235. re? v--K-mpdrmv: in Thrace, e. g. , the Chersonesus is
called 10:11 16101:!