In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow.
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He was condemned to the Siberian
mines in 1849 for a socialist conspiracy, but in
1859 returned to St. Petersburg and resumed
literary work. The thrilling (Memoirs of a
Dead House) describes penal life in Siberia.
(Raskolnikov) traces with wonderful skill the
origin and effects on the soul of a criminal
act. Complete Works, 14 vols. There are
translations of several of his works. *
Doucet, Charles Camille (dö-sā'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, May 16, 1812. He
became in 1853 a government official in the
theatrical department ; was elected to the
Academy in 1876, and soon after made its
standing secretary. The best known of his
many very successful comedies are: A Young
Man (1841); "Lawyer in his Own Cause)
(1842); Forbidden Fruit) (1857); Considera-
tion. His lyric pieces for the stage, Velas-
quez) (1847) and (Antonio's Barque) (1849),
were crowned by the Academy.
## p. 151 (#167) ############################################
DOVIZI - DRAPER
151
(
1
Dovizi or Dovizio, Bernardo. See Bibbiena.
Dowden, Edward. An Irish poet and his.
torian of literature; born at Cork, May 3, 1843.
He is professor of English literature in Trinity
College, Dublin. He published a volume of
(Poems) (1876); his other writings are bio-
graphical and critical : e. g. , 'Shakespeare, his
Mind and Art) (1872), a work of high author-
ity, which reached a fifth edition (1887) and has
been translated into German ; (Southey) (1879);
Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley) (1886); (Studies
in Literature) (3d ed. 1887); Introduction to
Shakespeare) (1893); (Primer of French Liter-
ature (1897). He visited this country in 1896,
delivering a notable series of lectures at Prince-
ton. *
Dowling, Bartholomew. An Irish poet ;
born in Limerick, 182-. He lived for a time
in this country. He is noted for his lyric (The
Brigade at Fontenoy) and for (The Revel. ?
Downes, William Howe. An American jour-
nalist; born in Connecticut, 1854. He is on the
staff of the Boston Transcript, and is an art
critic. His publications are : (Spanish Ways
and By-Ways); “The Tin Army of the Poto-
mac, or a Kindergarten of War.
Downing, Andrew Jackson. An American
landscape-gardener; born in Newburg, N. Y. ,
Oct. 20, 1815; drowned near Yonkers, N. Y. , July
28, 1852. His Landscape Gardening and Rural
Architecture ) (1841); <Cottage Residences)
(1842); Fruits and Fruit Trees of America)
(1845), were long considered authorities on the
subjects of which they treat.
Downing, Fanny Murdaugh. An American
poet and novelist; born in Portsmouth, Va. ,
about 1835; died 1894. Included in her novels
are Nameless) (1865); Perfect through Suf-
fering); her poems are (The Legend of Ca-
tawba) and (Dixie) (1867). Her pen-names
were ( Viola” and “Frank Dashmore. ”
Doyle, A. Conan. A Scotch story and ro.
mance writer; born in Edinburgh, 1859. He
was carefully trained for a physician, but went
to London at 20 and adopted literature as a
profession. His greatest success was won with
the series of detective tales known as the Sher-
lock Holmes stories : (The Adventures of Sher-
lock Holmes, etc. He has also written : (The
Adventures of Brigadier Gerard (1895), a Na-
poleonic romance; (The Stark-Munro Letters)
(1895), a series of portraitures; and Uncle
Bernac) (1897), a historical tale. *
Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings. An English
poet; born in Yorkshire, 1810; died 1888. He
was long professor of poetry at Oxford. He
published The Return of the Guards, and
Other Poems) (1866).
Drachmann, Holger (dräch'män). A Dan.
ish poet and novelist; born at Copenhagen,
Oct. 9, 1846. He is essentially an improvisatore;
and his works show a lively fancy, and excel
in descriptions of the life of the common peo.
ple, especially fishermen and mariners. His
(Poems) appeared in 1872. His novels are
(Condemned) and "Once upon a Time. *
Drake, Benjamin. An American biograph.
ical writer; born in Mason County, Ky. , in
1794; died in Cincinnati, O. , April 1, 1841. He
established and for many years edited the West-
ern Agriculturist. Among his publications are :
(Adventures of Black Hawk) (1838); Life
of William Henry Harrison) (1840); and Life
of Tecumseh) (1841). The last work is consid-
ered of especial historic value.
Drake, Francis Samuel. An American his-
torical writer; born in Northwood, N. H. , Feb.
22, 1828; died in Washington, D. C. , Feb. 22,
1885. He prepared a Dictionary of American
Biography) (1872). He also published: (Life
of Gen. Henry Knox) (1873); (Tea Leaves)
(1884); and (Indian History for Young Folks)
(1885). Before his death he had gathered ma-
terial for a new edition of his Dictionary,'
which is to be found in (Appleton's Cyclopædia
of American Biography. '
Drake, Joseph Rodman. An American poet;
born at New York, Aug. 7, 1795; died Sept. 21,
1820. The poems for which he is gratefully
remembered are (The Culprit Fay' (1819) and
(The American Flag) (1819). He wrote also
some shorter pieces, notably a poem : Abe-
lard to Heloïse. With Fitz-Greene Halleck,
under the signature «The Croakers,” he pub-
lished in a New York journal in 1819 a series
of short lyrics, mostly of a humorous kind, on
the political affairs of the time. *
Drake, Samuel Adams. An American jour-
nalist and miscellaneous writer; born at Bos.
ton, Dec. 20, 1833. He entered journalism in
1858 as correspondent of the Louisville Journal
and St. Louis Republican. In 1861 he joined
the army and served throughout the war, be-
coming brigadier-general in 1863. He returned
to Boston in 1871 and resumed literary work.
His most important publications are: Old
Landmarks of Boston' (1872); Around the
Hub) (1881); New England Legends) (1883).
Drake, Samuel Gardner. An American
antiquarian; born in Pittsfield, N. H. , Oct. II,
1798; died in Boston, Mass. , June 14, 1875. Pub.
lished (The History and Antiquities of Boston)
(1856), and History of the French and Indian
War) (1870).
Dranmor (drän'mör), pseudonym of Ferdi.
nand von Schmid. A Swiss poet; born in
Muri, Switzerland, July 22, 1823; died in Bern,
March 17, 1888. He was in mercantile life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Draper, John William. An American phys-
iologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous
prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England,
May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y. , Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country
in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the
3
2
#
## p. 152 (#168) ############################################
152
DRAPER - DROZ
University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became
professor of chemistry in the University of New
York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physi-
ology. Among his works are: (Human Phys-
iology) (1856); History of the Intellectual
Development of Europe) (1862), a work of
great importance and very widely read; (His-
tory of the American Civil War) (1867–70);
(History of the Conflict between Religion and
Science) (1875), which ran through many edi-
tions and was translated into nearly all the
languages of Europe. *
Draper, Lyman Copeland. An American
antiquarian; born in Hamburg, N. Y. , Sept. 4,
1815; died in Madison, Wis. , Aug. 26, 1891.
He removed to Madison in 1853; became cor-
responding secretary of the State Historical
Society, and it was mainly through his efforts
that the State secured its library and its im-
portant antiquarian collection. The State Uni.
versity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871.
He has published (Collections) of the State
Historical Society (10 vols. , 1853–87); Madison
the Capital of Wisconsin (1857); King's
Mountain and its Heroes' (1881).
Draxler-Manfred, Karl Ferdinand (drex'ler
män'fred). An Austrian poet and story-writer;
born in Lemberg, June 17, 1806; died in Darm-
stadt, Dec. 31, 1879. His collected Poems)
(1839), and the verse collection (Joy and Pain)
(1858), have profoundly impressed thousands
of earnest men and women, while his tales in
prose are original and pleasing.
Drayton, Michael. An English poet; born
near Atherstone in Warwickshire in 1563; died
in 1631. His first poem, "Harmonie of the
Church, was condemned. Then followed (The
Shepherd's Garland,' and poems on the wars
of England. His most celebrated composition
is 'Polyolbion. He wrote also several dramas,
among them (Sir John Oldcastle); and (Poems
Lyrick and Pastorall (1605), including the
celebrated (Ballad of Agincourt. *
Dreyfus, Abraham (drā-füs'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, June 20, 1847. He
has a fine vein of kindly humor, and it per-
vades both his contributions to the public jour-
nals and his theatrical compositions, which are
mostly in one act. Among them are: (A
Gentleman in Black); (The Victim); (The
Klepht); (A Break. His four-act play (The
St. Catherine Institution, a comedy of man-
ners, was
ght out at the Odéon (1881).
Drinker, Anna. An American poet; born at
Philadelphia, Pa. , Dec. 3, 1827. She is best
known by her nom de plume (Edith May. ”
She has published: Poems by Edith May)
(1854); (Tales and Verses for Children' (1855);
and Katy's Story. )
Driver, Samuel Rolles. An English edu-
cator and eminent Hebraist; born in South-
ampton in 1846. Fellow of and tutor in New
College, Oxford, in 1882, he became professor
of llebrew there. He was a member of the
Old Testament Revision Company. His best-
known works are : (Isaiah) (1888); Notes on
the Books of Samuel (1890); Introduction to
the Literature of the Old Testament (4th ed.
1893); and a new Hebrew Lexicon now in
course of publication.
Drobisch, Gustav Theodor (dro'bish). A
German humorist and versifier; born in Dres-
den, Dec. 26, 1811; died there, April 15, 1882.
His perception of the droll side of things is
keen and irresistible in 'Conceits and Satires)
(1843) and many similar collections of prose
and rhyme.
Droogenbroeck, Jan van (drö'gen-brėk). A
Flemish poet; born in St. Amand-on-Scheldt,
Jan. 18, 1835. He has long been an educator
of eminence, and issued his first verse collec-
tion, (Ghazels and Makames) (Arabian terms
for stanzas and songs) in 1866, under the
pseudonym of Jan Fergunt); his subsequent
volumes, on Camoens and other important sub-
jects, fully sustaining his reputation.
Drossinis, Georg (drõs'in-is). A Greek poet;
born at Athens, Dec. 21, 1859. He has pub-
lished five volumes of lyrics : “Spiders' Webs)
(1880); (Stalactites) (1881); Idylls) (1885);
(Straw Flowers) (1890); (Amaranths) (1891):
also some stories and other minor works in
prose. A charming simplicity of language and
an unsophisticated sensibility characterize all
his works.
Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth von,
Baroness. A German poet (1797-1848); born
at Hülshoff near Münster. Learned in science,
she resided for years at Coblentz, Cologne, and
Bonn, in intimate friendship with the ablest
men there; from 1840 on she lived in studious
retirement at Meersburg Castle on Lake Con-
stance. Her poetry is comprised in a volume
of Poems) (1838), with two posthumous vol-
umes : (The Church Year, with an Appendix
of Religious Poems) (1852), and "Last Gifts
(1860). It is vigorous, original, unaffected, and
perfect in form. Her simple devoutness is
specially marked in the fragments (A Noble-
man of Lusatia) and (A Country Priest's Ways. ?
She excelled also as a novelist.
Droysen, Johann Gustav (droi'sen). A
German historian and biographer; born in
Treptow, on the Rega, July 6, 1808; died in
Berlin, June 19, 1884. He was noted for ripe
scholarship and for versions of Æschylus long
before the production of his masterpieces : (The
Life of Field Marshal Count York of Warten-
burg) (1851), and “The History of Prussian
Politics) (1855), politics meaning statecraft.
Droz, Gustave (dro). A French story-teller;
born at Paris, June 6, 1832; died 1895. He was
trained for a painter, but in 1864 gave up the
pencil for the pen. The extraordinary success
of his first volume of stories, Monsieur, Ma-
dame, and Baby,' justified the change. He
excels in little sketches of life and manners,
and his lively, playful descriptions of bachelor-
hood and married life captivate the public. He
has written : (Sadnesses and Smiles) (1883);
>
## p. 153 (#169) ############################################
DRUMMOND-DUCANGE
153
PI
LE
(A Bunch of Letters ); (At a Spring'; (The
Child); etc.
Drummond, Henry. A Scotch geologist and
religious writer; born at Stirling, 1851; died at
Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. He
studied theology at Edinburgh University, but
did not adopt the clerical profession.
In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow. Natural
Law in the Spiritual World (1883), and its
successor (The Ascent of Man,' applications
of modern scientific methods to the immaterial
universe, have made his popular fame. He
traveled in Central Africa (1883-84) studying
its botany and geology, and later wrote the
highly interesting and instructive volume on
(Tropical Africa) (1888). Other semi-religious
writings of his are: Pax Vobiscum) (1890);
'The Greatest Thing in the World' (1890);
(The Programme of Christianity) (1892). *
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. A
Scotch poet; born at Hawthornden near Edin-
burgh, Dec. 13, 1585; died Dec. 4, 1649. His
principal works are: (Tears on the Death
of Mæliades! (1613), Maliades being Prince
Henry, son of James I. ; "Poems Amorous, Fu-
nerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs,
Sextains, Madrigals) (1616); Forth Feasting)
(1017); Flowers of Zion. After a visit from
Ben Jonson, Drummond printed notes of their
conversations; a very interesting chapter in
literary history. *
Drushinin, Alexander Vassilyevitch (drö'-
she-nēn). A Russian critic and story-writer;
born in St. Petersburg, Oct. 20, 1824; died
there, Jan. 31, 1864. He is best known by his
tales, especially that of (Pauline Sachs) (1847);
but his essays on literary topics, notably (John-
son and Boswell,' and his translations from
Shakespeare, are meritorious.
Dryden, John. An eminent English poet;
born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Aug. 9,
1631 ; died in London, May 1, 1700. His first
poems include (Astræa Returned' (Astræa Re-
dux) and the Year of Wonder) (Annus Mira-
bilis). The best of his plays are: (The Conquest
of Grenada! (1670); Marriage à la Mode);
Aurungzebe); (All for Love) (1677); “The
Spanish Friar' (1681); (Don Sebastian' (1689).
Much more worthy of his talents and his fame
are (Absalom and Achitophel' and (The Hind
and the Panther. His Pindaric odes are not
surpassed by the work of any English poet ;
and his (Alexander's Feast) stands supreme
in its kind. He made spirited translations
of Virgil and Juvenal; and elaborated into
'Fables,' stories culled from foreign authors or
earlier English. *
Duboc, Charles Edouard. See Waldmüller.
Duboc, Julius (dü'bok). A German essay-
ist and critic; born in Hamburg, Oct. 10, 1829.
In periodical literature his distinction is marked,
and as a student of men and things he works
to good purpose in "The Psychology of Love)
(1874) and ( Against the Stream) (1877).
Du Boccage, Marie Anne Fiquet (dü-bok-
äzh'). A French poet (1710-1802); born (Le-
page) at Rouen. She accompanied her husband
in his European travels, and everywhere won
great celebrity for wit and beauty: "A Venus
for form, a Minerva for art. ” Her principal
works are an imitation of Paradise Lost'; a
paraphrase of Gessner's (Death of Abel); an
original epic, (The Columbiad); a tragedy,
(The Amazons, well received. Her Letters
on England, etc. , give full report of the hon-
ors showered upon her.
Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey.
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (dü-bwä'rā-môn').
An eminent German scientist ; born in Berlin,
Nov. 7, 1818. His career has been a series of
services to chemical, electrical, and physiologi-
cal science, well attested by his "Extant Con-
clusions of the Ancients with Reference to
Magnetism in Fishes) (1843); (The Limits of
Our Knowledge of Nature) (6th ed. 1884); and
(Investigations into Animal Magnetism (1848–
84).
Dubos, Jean Baptiste (dü-bo'). A French
critic and essayist; born in Beauvais, 1670; died
in Paris, March 23, 1742. He elevated criticism
to a place among the arts with his (Critical
Reflections on Poetry, Painting, and Music)
(1719), and other works on ästhetic topics.
Du Oamp, Maxime (dü-kon'). A French
writer of history and travels; born at Paris,
Feb. 8, 1822; died at Baden-Baden, Feb. 8, 1894.
(Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Syria) (1852) ex-
plains itself. He wrote the history of the Paris
Commune : (The Convulsions of Paris) (4 vols. ,
1878–79), and other historical sketches. His
greatest work is Paris : Its Organs, its Func-
tions, and its Life) (6 vols. , 1869-75). He wrote
some lyric poems: Modern Chants) (1855);
(Convictions) (1858); and several novels, among
them : (Memoirs of a Suicide) (1853); (The
Six Adventures) (1857); (The Man with the
Gold Bracelet) (1862). *
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur (dü-
känzh'). A celebrated French scholar, lexi-
cographer, and historian; born at Amiens, Dec.
18, 1610; died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A juris-
consult, advocate of the Paris Parliament, he
gave up the post to study. His (Glossary of
Middle and Low Latin) (3 vols. , 1678; com-
pleted and extended to 6 vols. by the Benedic-
tines of St. Maur, 1733-36; latest ed. by La
Fayre, 10 vols. , 1883-88) is still indispensable in
reading mediæval books. He is author of a
similar work on Greek: (Glossary for the Au-
thors of Middle and Low Greek) (2 vols. , 1688).
Besides these he wrote in French a History
of the Empire of Constantinople under the
Frank Emperors' (1657), and in Latin a By-
zantine History. Another important historical
work written by him is “Of the Princedoms
Oversea, first published (1869) under the title
(Families of Oversea. '
Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. A
French poet and story-teller (1783-1833); born
1
1
N
(
:
## p. 154 (#170) ############################################
154
DU CHAILLU – DUGDALE
(
etc.
at the Hague. His first stories, Agatha' and
(Valentine,' were received with great favor; but
for his too realistic description in Valentine !
of the excesses of the royalist bands, he was
sent to jail for six months. Released, he was
again imprisoned, ostensibly for vilifying the
French Academy. Once more he offended
with «Thelene, or Love and War, and had to
take refuge in Belgium. Other novels are :
(The Confessor-Doctor); (The Artist and the
Soldier'; etc. Of his numerous plays the best
and most famed is (Thirty Years, or the Life
of a Gambler. His novels are vividly dra.
matic and descriptive, but he loves the horri.
ble too well.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni (dü-shi-yü'). A
French-American explorer and writer; born in
Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in
which he discovered the gorilla and the Pig-
mies, are detailed charmingly in (A Journey to
Ashango Land (1867), and My Apingi King-
dom) (1870). "The Land of the Midnight
Sun (1881) deals with Norway. (The Viking
Age) (1887) is a more ambitious work, intended
to re-create the old Norse civilization, and is
full of interest and picturesque touches. He
has written also many books for the young.
“Duchess, The. ” See Hungerford.
Ducis, Jean François (dü-se'). A French
dramatist (1733-1816); born at Versailles. His
adaptations of Shakespeare, all conformed to
the classic traditions of the French stage, were
very successful. His first original play, (Abu-
far, or the Arab Family,' met with hearty ap-
probation. A royalist, and secretary to the
Count d'Artois, during the Revolution and Con-
sulate he lived abroad; he returned when the
Empire was set up, but declined Napoleon's
offers of a place in public life.
Duclos, Charles Pinot (dü-klö'). A French
historian (1704-72); born at Dinant. He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count . . . ) (1742), which had
great success. Turning to history, he published
the History of Louis XI. ? (4 vols. , 1745). This
was followed by his greatest work but one,
"Considerations on the Manners of the Present
Age) (1749). His (Secret Memoirs upon the
Reign of Louis XIV. , the Regency, and the
Reign of Louis XV. (2 vols. , 1791) give him
a place among the most celebrated memoirists.
Dudevant, Madame. See Sand, George.
Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, Sir.
An English barrister and statesman; born in
1829. Graduated from Oxford.
He was
lawyer, and M. P. 1857-81; Under-Secretary of
State for India, and later for the colonies, in
Mr. Gladstone's cabinets. He was the success-
ful governor of Madras, 1881-86. Of his notable
works, the best-known are: (Studies in Eu-
ropean Politics (1866); (A Political Survey)
(1868); (Elgin Speeches' (1871); Notes of an
Indian Journey' (1876).
Dufferin, Frederick Temple Hamilton
Blackwood, Earl of. A British statesman;
born in Florence, Italy, June 21, 1826. He has
been successively governor-general of Canada
(1872), viceroy of India, and ambassador at
Paris. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D.
His published works include : Letters from
High Latitudes) (1860); Irish Emigration and
the Tenure of Land in Ireland) (1867); "Mr.
Mill's Plan for the Pacification of Ireland Ex-
amined' (1868); (The Honourable Impulsia
Gushington'; 'Speeches and Addresses) (1882);
(Speeches delivered in India, 1884-88) (1880);
His wife (born Hamilton) has written
(Our Viceroyal Life in India' (1890) and “My
Canadian Journal) (1892).
Dufferin, Helena Selina (Sheridan), Lady.
A British poet; born 1807 ; died 1867. She
was granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheri-
dan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton. Her
songs and lyrics are collected into a volume
bearing date 1895, her son being the editor.
Duffield, Samuel Willoughby. An Ameri-
can clergyman; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in
1843; died in Bloomfield, N. J. , May 12, 1887.
Under the pen name of “Anselmus » he con-
tributed to the Evangelist. His publications,
in part, are : (The Heavenly Land, from the
De Contemptu Mundi) of Bernard de Mor-
laix (1868); (Warp and Woof' (1870); "Eng.
lish Hymns, their Authors and History' (1886);
and Latin Hymn-Writers) (1887).
Dufresny, Charles de la Rivière (dü-fră-nē).
A French poet (1654-1724); born at Paris. He
was great-grandson of Henry IV. 's favorite, la
belle jardinière d’Anet," and was given lucra-
tive offices by Louis XIV. He was a reckless
spendthrift, and often reduced to want. His
comedies, though weak in construction and
character-drawing, are very lively in dialogue,
especially (The Spirit of Contradiction); 'The
Double Widowhood"; "The Village Flirt';
( The Match Made and Unmade. He wrote
also a volume of Divers Poems'; one of
(Historical Tales); and (Serious and Comic
Amusements of a Siamese, which suggested
Montesquieu's (Persian Letters.
Duganne, Augustine Joseph Hickey. An
American poet and prose-writer; born in Bos-
ton, 1823; died in New York, Oct. 20, 1884.
His poems were patriotic, political, and senti-
mental. His prose comprised philosophical,
historical, and dramatic works. He published :
(Hand Poems) (1844); (A Comprehensive
Summary of General Philosophy) (1845); (The
Iron Harp' (1847); 'The Lydian Queen (1848);
(MDCCCXLVIII (1849); "Parnassus in Pillory)
(1851); (A Class Book of Government and
Civil Society) (1859); Fighting Quakers)
(1866); and others.
Dugdale, William, Sir. A celebrated Eng.
lish antiquarian ; born at Shustoke, Warwick-
shire, Sept. 12, 1605; died there, Feb. 10,
1686. In 1638 he was created pursuivant-at-
arms extraordinary. A royalist in the civil
war, he was knighted by Charles II. at the
Restoration. His monumental work is the
a
## p. 155 (#171) ############################################
DUGUAY-TROUIN – DU MAURIER
155
(Monasticon Anglicanum' (1655), reissued with
additions 1817-30 and 1846; a mine of informa-
tion on the history and biography of English
cathedrals, and English history in general.
Among his other works are : (The Antiquities
of Warwickshire) (1656); (Short View of the
Late Troubles in England (1681).
Duguay-Trouin, René (dü-gā'trö-an'). A
French naval commander of the first distinc-
tion; born in St. Malo, June 10, 1673; died in
Paris, Sept. 27, 1736. In his Memoirs,' pub.
lished surreptitiously in 1730, but with authority
ten years later, he relates, with becoming mod.
esty, the series of events which gave him such
heroic proportions as a conqueror on the sea.
Duhring, Julia. An American essayist ;
born in Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 1836. She has
been an extensive traveler in the United States,
Europe, Asia, and Africa; and published two
volumes of critical essays on social life, the
titles to which are: Philosophers and Fools)
(1874); (Gentlefolks and Others ); (Amor in
Society); Mental Life and Culture. '
Dulaurens, Henri Joseph (dü-lor-an'). A
French satirical poet and novelist; born at
Douai, in 1719; died at Marienbourg, Belgium,
in 1797 (1787? ). He wrote with his friend
Groubenthal the Jesuitics (1761 : modeled on
Demosthenes's Philippics') against the Jesu-
its; but executed a more enduring task in the
"Jesuit Priest (or Companion) Matthew) (Com-
père Mathieu : 1776), a novel of genuine literary
merit, and of great vogue even within a recent
time.
Dulk, Albert Friedrich Benno (dülk). A
German dramatist and polemic prose-writer ;
born in Königsberg, June 17, 1819; died in
Stuttgart, Oct. 30, 1884. His (Arla) (1844);
Jesus the Christ) (1865); Lea) (1874); and
other dramas, are rich in subtleties and in
powerful appeals to the loftier side of human
nature, but lack poetic feeling. He advocates
a new religious evolution, as against Christian-
ity, in (Beast or Man ? " (1872); "What Is
to be Expected from the Christian Church ? )
(1877); and other like argumentative works.
Duller, Eduard (düller). A German poet
and historian (1809-53); born at Vienna. His
drama Master Pilgram' was produced with
success at 17, and followed by (The Swan
Song of Revenge, a tragedy (1834). He was
a passionate champion of free thought; this
made Vienna under Metternich too warm for
him, and he lived at Munich, Trier, and other
places. The lyric poem Prince of Love)
(1842), and the volume of Collected Poems)
(1845), are his least polemic and literarily best
works. His novels are pompous. He wrote a
"History of the German People, and a (His-
tory of the Jesuits.
mines in 1849 for a socialist conspiracy, but in
1859 returned to St. Petersburg and resumed
literary work. The thrilling (Memoirs of a
Dead House) describes penal life in Siberia.
(Raskolnikov) traces with wonderful skill the
origin and effects on the soul of a criminal
act. Complete Works, 14 vols. There are
translations of several of his works. *
Doucet, Charles Camille (dö-sā'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, May 16, 1812. He
became in 1853 a government official in the
theatrical department ; was elected to the
Academy in 1876, and soon after made its
standing secretary. The best known of his
many very successful comedies are: A Young
Man (1841); "Lawyer in his Own Cause)
(1842); Forbidden Fruit) (1857); Considera-
tion. His lyric pieces for the stage, Velas-
quez) (1847) and (Antonio's Barque) (1849),
were crowned by the Academy.
## p. 151 (#167) ############################################
DOVIZI - DRAPER
151
(
1
Dovizi or Dovizio, Bernardo. See Bibbiena.
Dowden, Edward. An Irish poet and his.
torian of literature; born at Cork, May 3, 1843.
He is professor of English literature in Trinity
College, Dublin. He published a volume of
(Poems) (1876); his other writings are bio-
graphical and critical : e. g. , 'Shakespeare, his
Mind and Art) (1872), a work of high author-
ity, which reached a fifth edition (1887) and has
been translated into German ; (Southey) (1879);
Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley) (1886); (Studies
in Literature) (3d ed. 1887); Introduction to
Shakespeare) (1893); (Primer of French Liter-
ature (1897). He visited this country in 1896,
delivering a notable series of lectures at Prince-
ton. *
Dowling, Bartholomew. An Irish poet ;
born in Limerick, 182-. He lived for a time
in this country. He is noted for his lyric (The
Brigade at Fontenoy) and for (The Revel. ?
Downes, William Howe. An American jour-
nalist; born in Connecticut, 1854. He is on the
staff of the Boston Transcript, and is an art
critic. His publications are : (Spanish Ways
and By-Ways); “The Tin Army of the Poto-
mac, or a Kindergarten of War.
Downing, Andrew Jackson. An American
landscape-gardener; born in Newburg, N. Y. ,
Oct. 20, 1815; drowned near Yonkers, N. Y. , July
28, 1852. His Landscape Gardening and Rural
Architecture ) (1841); <Cottage Residences)
(1842); Fruits and Fruit Trees of America)
(1845), were long considered authorities on the
subjects of which they treat.
Downing, Fanny Murdaugh. An American
poet and novelist; born in Portsmouth, Va. ,
about 1835; died 1894. Included in her novels
are Nameless) (1865); Perfect through Suf-
fering); her poems are (The Legend of Ca-
tawba) and (Dixie) (1867). Her pen-names
were ( Viola” and “Frank Dashmore. ”
Doyle, A. Conan. A Scotch story and ro.
mance writer; born in Edinburgh, 1859. He
was carefully trained for a physician, but went
to London at 20 and adopted literature as a
profession. His greatest success was won with
the series of detective tales known as the Sher-
lock Holmes stories : (The Adventures of Sher-
lock Holmes, etc. He has also written : (The
Adventures of Brigadier Gerard (1895), a Na-
poleonic romance; (The Stark-Munro Letters)
(1895), a series of portraitures; and Uncle
Bernac) (1897), a historical tale. *
Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings. An English
poet; born in Yorkshire, 1810; died 1888. He
was long professor of poetry at Oxford. He
published The Return of the Guards, and
Other Poems) (1866).
Drachmann, Holger (dräch'män). A Dan.
ish poet and novelist; born at Copenhagen,
Oct. 9, 1846. He is essentially an improvisatore;
and his works show a lively fancy, and excel
in descriptions of the life of the common peo.
ple, especially fishermen and mariners. His
(Poems) appeared in 1872. His novels are
(Condemned) and "Once upon a Time. *
Drake, Benjamin. An American biograph.
ical writer; born in Mason County, Ky. , in
1794; died in Cincinnati, O. , April 1, 1841. He
established and for many years edited the West-
ern Agriculturist. Among his publications are :
(Adventures of Black Hawk) (1838); Life
of William Henry Harrison) (1840); and Life
of Tecumseh) (1841). The last work is consid-
ered of especial historic value.
Drake, Francis Samuel. An American his-
torical writer; born in Northwood, N. H. , Feb.
22, 1828; died in Washington, D. C. , Feb. 22,
1885. He prepared a Dictionary of American
Biography) (1872). He also published: (Life
of Gen. Henry Knox) (1873); (Tea Leaves)
(1884); and (Indian History for Young Folks)
(1885). Before his death he had gathered ma-
terial for a new edition of his Dictionary,'
which is to be found in (Appleton's Cyclopædia
of American Biography. '
Drake, Joseph Rodman. An American poet;
born at New York, Aug. 7, 1795; died Sept. 21,
1820. The poems for which he is gratefully
remembered are (The Culprit Fay' (1819) and
(The American Flag) (1819). He wrote also
some shorter pieces, notably a poem : Abe-
lard to Heloïse. With Fitz-Greene Halleck,
under the signature «The Croakers,” he pub-
lished in a New York journal in 1819 a series
of short lyrics, mostly of a humorous kind, on
the political affairs of the time. *
Drake, Samuel Adams. An American jour-
nalist and miscellaneous writer; born at Bos.
ton, Dec. 20, 1833. He entered journalism in
1858 as correspondent of the Louisville Journal
and St. Louis Republican. In 1861 he joined
the army and served throughout the war, be-
coming brigadier-general in 1863. He returned
to Boston in 1871 and resumed literary work.
His most important publications are: Old
Landmarks of Boston' (1872); Around the
Hub) (1881); New England Legends) (1883).
Drake, Samuel Gardner. An American
antiquarian; born in Pittsfield, N. H. , Oct. II,
1798; died in Boston, Mass. , June 14, 1875. Pub.
lished (The History and Antiquities of Boston)
(1856), and History of the French and Indian
War) (1870).
Dranmor (drän'mör), pseudonym of Ferdi.
nand von Schmid. A Swiss poet; born in
Muri, Switzerland, July 22, 1823; died in Bern,
March 17, 1888. He was in mercantile life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Draper, John William. An American phys-
iologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous
prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England,
May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y. , Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country
in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the
3
2
#
## p. 152 (#168) ############################################
152
DRAPER - DROZ
University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became
professor of chemistry in the University of New
York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physi-
ology. Among his works are: (Human Phys-
iology) (1856); History of the Intellectual
Development of Europe) (1862), a work of
great importance and very widely read; (His-
tory of the American Civil War) (1867–70);
(History of the Conflict between Religion and
Science) (1875), which ran through many edi-
tions and was translated into nearly all the
languages of Europe. *
Draper, Lyman Copeland. An American
antiquarian; born in Hamburg, N. Y. , Sept. 4,
1815; died in Madison, Wis. , Aug. 26, 1891.
He removed to Madison in 1853; became cor-
responding secretary of the State Historical
Society, and it was mainly through his efforts
that the State secured its library and its im-
portant antiquarian collection. The State Uni.
versity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871.
He has published (Collections) of the State
Historical Society (10 vols. , 1853–87); Madison
the Capital of Wisconsin (1857); King's
Mountain and its Heroes' (1881).
Draxler-Manfred, Karl Ferdinand (drex'ler
män'fred). An Austrian poet and story-writer;
born in Lemberg, June 17, 1806; died in Darm-
stadt, Dec. 31, 1879. His collected Poems)
(1839), and the verse collection (Joy and Pain)
(1858), have profoundly impressed thousands
of earnest men and women, while his tales in
prose are original and pleasing.
Drayton, Michael. An English poet; born
near Atherstone in Warwickshire in 1563; died
in 1631. His first poem, "Harmonie of the
Church, was condemned. Then followed (The
Shepherd's Garland,' and poems on the wars
of England. His most celebrated composition
is 'Polyolbion. He wrote also several dramas,
among them (Sir John Oldcastle); and (Poems
Lyrick and Pastorall (1605), including the
celebrated (Ballad of Agincourt. *
Dreyfus, Abraham (drā-füs'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, June 20, 1847. He
has a fine vein of kindly humor, and it per-
vades both his contributions to the public jour-
nals and his theatrical compositions, which are
mostly in one act. Among them are: (A
Gentleman in Black); (The Victim); (The
Klepht); (A Break. His four-act play (The
St. Catherine Institution, a comedy of man-
ners, was
ght out at the Odéon (1881).
Drinker, Anna. An American poet; born at
Philadelphia, Pa. , Dec. 3, 1827. She is best
known by her nom de plume (Edith May. ”
She has published: Poems by Edith May)
(1854); (Tales and Verses for Children' (1855);
and Katy's Story. )
Driver, Samuel Rolles. An English edu-
cator and eminent Hebraist; born in South-
ampton in 1846. Fellow of and tutor in New
College, Oxford, in 1882, he became professor
of llebrew there. He was a member of the
Old Testament Revision Company. His best-
known works are : (Isaiah) (1888); Notes on
the Books of Samuel (1890); Introduction to
the Literature of the Old Testament (4th ed.
1893); and a new Hebrew Lexicon now in
course of publication.
Drobisch, Gustav Theodor (dro'bish). A
German humorist and versifier; born in Dres-
den, Dec. 26, 1811; died there, April 15, 1882.
His perception of the droll side of things is
keen and irresistible in 'Conceits and Satires)
(1843) and many similar collections of prose
and rhyme.
Droogenbroeck, Jan van (drö'gen-brėk). A
Flemish poet; born in St. Amand-on-Scheldt,
Jan. 18, 1835. He has long been an educator
of eminence, and issued his first verse collec-
tion, (Ghazels and Makames) (Arabian terms
for stanzas and songs) in 1866, under the
pseudonym of Jan Fergunt); his subsequent
volumes, on Camoens and other important sub-
jects, fully sustaining his reputation.
Drossinis, Georg (drõs'in-is). A Greek poet;
born at Athens, Dec. 21, 1859. He has pub-
lished five volumes of lyrics : “Spiders' Webs)
(1880); (Stalactites) (1881); Idylls) (1885);
(Straw Flowers) (1890); (Amaranths) (1891):
also some stories and other minor works in
prose. A charming simplicity of language and
an unsophisticated sensibility characterize all
his works.
Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth von,
Baroness. A German poet (1797-1848); born
at Hülshoff near Münster. Learned in science,
she resided for years at Coblentz, Cologne, and
Bonn, in intimate friendship with the ablest
men there; from 1840 on she lived in studious
retirement at Meersburg Castle on Lake Con-
stance. Her poetry is comprised in a volume
of Poems) (1838), with two posthumous vol-
umes : (The Church Year, with an Appendix
of Religious Poems) (1852), and "Last Gifts
(1860). It is vigorous, original, unaffected, and
perfect in form. Her simple devoutness is
specially marked in the fragments (A Noble-
man of Lusatia) and (A Country Priest's Ways. ?
She excelled also as a novelist.
Droysen, Johann Gustav (droi'sen). A
German historian and biographer; born in
Treptow, on the Rega, July 6, 1808; died in
Berlin, June 19, 1884. He was noted for ripe
scholarship and for versions of Æschylus long
before the production of his masterpieces : (The
Life of Field Marshal Count York of Warten-
burg) (1851), and “The History of Prussian
Politics) (1855), politics meaning statecraft.
Droz, Gustave (dro). A French story-teller;
born at Paris, June 6, 1832; died 1895. He was
trained for a painter, but in 1864 gave up the
pencil for the pen. The extraordinary success
of his first volume of stories, Monsieur, Ma-
dame, and Baby,' justified the change. He
excels in little sketches of life and manners,
and his lively, playful descriptions of bachelor-
hood and married life captivate the public. He
has written : (Sadnesses and Smiles) (1883);
>
## p. 153 (#169) ############################################
DRUMMOND-DUCANGE
153
PI
LE
(A Bunch of Letters ); (At a Spring'; (The
Child); etc.
Drummond, Henry. A Scotch geologist and
religious writer; born at Stirling, 1851; died at
Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. He
studied theology at Edinburgh University, but
did not adopt the clerical profession.
In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow. Natural
Law in the Spiritual World (1883), and its
successor (The Ascent of Man,' applications
of modern scientific methods to the immaterial
universe, have made his popular fame. He
traveled in Central Africa (1883-84) studying
its botany and geology, and later wrote the
highly interesting and instructive volume on
(Tropical Africa) (1888). Other semi-religious
writings of his are: Pax Vobiscum) (1890);
'The Greatest Thing in the World' (1890);
(The Programme of Christianity) (1892). *
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. A
Scotch poet; born at Hawthornden near Edin-
burgh, Dec. 13, 1585; died Dec. 4, 1649. His
principal works are: (Tears on the Death
of Mæliades! (1613), Maliades being Prince
Henry, son of James I. ; "Poems Amorous, Fu-
nerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs,
Sextains, Madrigals) (1616); Forth Feasting)
(1017); Flowers of Zion. After a visit from
Ben Jonson, Drummond printed notes of their
conversations; a very interesting chapter in
literary history. *
Drushinin, Alexander Vassilyevitch (drö'-
she-nēn). A Russian critic and story-writer;
born in St. Petersburg, Oct. 20, 1824; died
there, Jan. 31, 1864. He is best known by his
tales, especially that of (Pauline Sachs) (1847);
but his essays on literary topics, notably (John-
son and Boswell,' and his translations from
Shakespeare, are meritorious.
Dryden, John. An eminent English poet;
born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Aug. 9,
1631 ; died in London, May 1, 1700. His first
poems include (Astræa Returned' (Astræa Re-
dux) and the Year of Wonder) (Annus Mira-
bilis). The best of his plays are: (The Conquest
of Grenada! (1670); Marriage à la Mode);
Aurungzebe); (All for Love) (1677); “The
Spanish Friar' (1681); (Don Sebastian' (1689).
Much more worthy of his talents and his fame
are (Absalom and Achitophel' and (The Hind
and the Panther. His Pindaric odes are not
surpassed by the work of any English poet ;
and his (Alexander's Feast) stands supreme
in its kind. He made spirited translations
of Virgil and Juvenal; and elaborated into
'Fables,' stories culled from foreign authors or
earlier English. *
Duboc, Charles Edouard. See Waldmüller.
Duboc, Julius (dü'bok). A German essay-
ist and critic; born in Hamburg, Oct. 10, 1829.
In periodical literature his distinction is marked,
and as a student of men and things he works
to good purpose in "The Psychology of Love)
(1874) and ( Against the Stream) (1877).
Du Boccage, Marie Anne Fiquet (dü-bok-
äzh'). A French poet (1710-1802); born (Le-
page) at Rouen. She accompanied her husband
in his European travels, and everywhere won
great celebrity for wit and beauty: "A Venus
for form, a Minerva for art. ” Her principal
works are an imitation of Paradise Lost'; a
paraphrase of Gessner's (Death of Abel); an
original epic, (The Columbiad); a tragedy,
(The Amazons, well received. Her Letters
on England, etc. , give full report of the hon-
ors showered upon her.
Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey.
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (dü-bwä'rā-môn').
An eminent German scientist ; born in Berlin,
Nov. 7, 1818. His career has been a series of
services to chemical, electrical, and physiologi-
cal science, well attested by his "Extant Con-
clusions of the Ancients with Reference to
Magnetism in Fishes) (1843); (The Limits of
Our Knowledge of Nature) (6th ed. 1884); and
(Investigations into Animal Magnetism (1848–
84).
Dubos, Jean Baptiste (dü-bo'). A French
critic and essayist; born in Beauvais, 1670; died
in Paris, March 23, 1742. He elevated criticism
to a place among the arts with his (Critical
Reflections on Poetry, Painting, and Music)
(1719), and other works on ästhetic topics.
Du Oamp, Maxime (dü-kon'). A French
writer of history and travels; born at Paris,
Feb. 8, 1822; died at Baden-Baden, Feb. 8, 1894.
(Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Syria) (1852) ex-
plains itself. He wrote the history of the Paris
Commune : (The Convulsions of Paris) (4 vols. ,
1878–79), and other historical sketches. His
greatest work is Paris : Its Organs, its Func-
tions, and its Life) (6 vols. , 1869-75). He wrote
some lyric poems: Modern Chants) (1855);
(Convictions) (1858); and several novels, among
them : (Memoirs of a Suicide) (1853); (The
Six Adventures) (1857); (The Man with the
Gold Bracelet) (1862). *
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur (dü-
känzh'). A celebrated French scholar, lexi-
cographer, and historian; born at Amiens, Dec.
18, 1610; died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A juris-
consult, advocate of the Paris Parliament, he
gave up the post to study. His (Glossary of
Middle and Low Latin) (3 vols. , 1678; com-
pleted and extended to 6 vols. by the Benedic-
tines of St. Maur, 1733-36; latest ed. by La
Fayre, 10 vols. , 1883-88) is still indispensable in
reading mediæval books. He is author of a
similar work on Greek: (Glossary for the Au-
thors of Middle and Low Greek) (2 vols. , 1688).
Besides these he wrote in French a History
of the Empire of Constantinople under the
Frank Emperors' (1657), and in Latin a By-
zantine History. Another important historical
work written by him is “Of the Princedoms
Oversea, first published (1869) under the title
(Families of Oversea. '
Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. A
French poet and story-teller (1783-1833); born
1
1
N
(
:
## p. 154 (#170) ############################################
154
DU CHAILLU – DUGDALE
(
etc.
at the Hague. His first stories, Agatha' and
(Valentine,' were received with great favor; but
for his too realistic description in Valentine !
of the excesses of the royalist bands, he was
sent to jail for six months. Released, he was
again imprisoned, ostensibly for vilifying the
French Academy. Once more he offended
with «Thelene, or Love and War, and had to
take refuge in Belgium. Other novels are :
(The Confessor-Doctor); (The Artist and the
Soldier'; etc. Of his numerous plays the best
and most famed is (Thirty Years, or the Life
of a Gambler. His novels are vividly dra.
matic and descriptive, but he loves the horri.
ble too well.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni (dü-shi-yü'). A
French-American explorer and writer; born in
Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in
which he discovered the gorilla and the Pig-
mies, are detailed charmingly in (A Journey to
Ashango Land (1867), and My Apingi King-
dom) (1870). "The Land of the Midnight
Sun (1881) deals with Norway. (The Viking
Age) (1887) is a more ambitious work, intended
to re-create the old Norse civilization, and is
full of interest and picturesque touches. He
has written also many books for the young.
“Duchess, The. ” See Hungerford.
Ducis, Jean François (dü-se'). A French
dramatist (1733-1816); born at Versailles. His
adaptations of Shakespeare, all conformed to
the classic traditions of the French stage, were
very successful. His first original play, (Abu-
far, or the Arab Family,' met with hearty ap-
probation. A royalist, and secretary to the
Count d'Artois, during the Revolution and Con-
sulate he lived abroad; he returned when the
Empire was set up, but declined Napoleon's
offers of a place in public life.
Duclos, Charles Pinot (dü-klö'). A French
historian (1704-72); born at Dinant. He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count . . . ) (1742), which had
great success. Turning to history, he published
the History of Louis XI. ? (4 vols. , 1745). This
was followed by his greatest work but one,
"Considerations on the Manners of the Present
Age) (1749). His (Secret Memoirs upon the
Reign of Louis XIV. , the Regency, and the
Reign of Louis XV. (2 vols. , 1791) give him
a place among the most celebrated memoirists.
Dudevant, Madame. See Sand, George.
Duff, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, Sir.
An English barrister and statesman; born in
1829. Graduated from Oxford.
He was
lawyer, and M. P. 1857-81; Under-Secretary of
State for India, and later for the colonies, in
Mr. Gladstone's cabinets. He was the success-
ful governor of Madras, 1881-86. Of his notable
works, the best-known are: (Studies in Eu-
ropean Politics (1866); (A Political Survey)
(1868); (Elgin Speeches' (1871); Notes of an
Indian Journey' (1876).
Dufferin, Frederick Temple Hamilton
Blackwood, Earl of. A British statesman;
born in Florence, Italy, June 21, 1826. He has
been successively governor-general of Canada
(1872), viceroy of India, and ambassador at
Paris. Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D.
His published works include : Letters from
High Latitudes) (1860); Irish Emigration and
the Tenure of Land in Ireland) (1867); "Mr.
Mill's Plan for the Pacification of Ireland Ex-
amined' (1868); (The Honourable Impulsia
Gushington'; 'Speeches and Addresses) (1882);
(Speeches delivered in India, 1884-88) (1880);
His wife (born Hamilton) has written
(Our Viceroyal Life in India' (1890) and “My
Canadian Journal) (1892).
Dufferin, Helena Selina (Sheridan), Lady.
A British poet; born 1807 ; died 1867. She
was granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheri-
dan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton. Her
songs and lyrics are collected into a volume
bearing date 1895, her son being the editor.
Duffield, Samuel Willoughby. An Ameri-
can clergyman; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in
1843; died in Bloomfield, N. J. , May 12, 1887.
Under the pen name of “Anselmus » he con-
tributed to the Evangelist. His publications,
in part, are : (The Heavenly Land, from the
De Contemptu Mundi) of Bernard de Mor-
laix (1868); (Warp and Woof' (1870); "Eng.
lish Hymns, their Authors and History' (1886);
and Latin Hymn-Writers) (1887).
Dufresny, Charles de la Rivière (dü-fră-nē).
A French poet (1654-1724); born at Paris. He
was great-grandson of Henry IV. 's favorite, la
belle jardinière d’Anet," and was given lucra-
tive offices by Louis XIV. He was a reckless
spendthrift, and often reduced to want. His
comedies, though weak in construction and
character-drawing, are very lively in dialogue,
especially (The Spirit of Contradiction); 'The
Double Widowhood"; "The Village Flirt';
( The Match Made and Unmade. He wrote
also a volume of Divers Poems'; one of
(Historical Tales); and (Serious and Comic
Amusements of a Siamese, which suggested
Montesquieu's (Persian Letters.
Duganne, Augustine Joseph Hickey. An
American poet and prose-writer; born in Bos-
ton, 1823; died in New York, Oct. 20, 1884.
His poems were patriotic, political, and senti-
mental. His prose comprised philosophical,
historical, and dramatic works. He published :
(Hand Poems) (1844); (A Comprehensive
Summary of General Philosophy) (1845); (The
Iron Harp' (1847); 'The Lydian Queen (1848);
(MDCCCXLVIII (1849); "Parnassus in Pillory)
(1851); (A Class Book of Government and
Civil Society) (1859); Fighting Quakers)
(1866); and others.
Dugdale, William, Sir. A celebrated Eng.
lish antiquarian ; born at Shustoke, Warwick-
shire, Sept. 12, 1605; died there, Feb. 10,
1686. In 1638 he was created pursuivant-at-
arms extraordinary. A royalist in the civil
war, he was knighted by Charles II. at the
Restoration. His monumental work is the
a
## p. 155 (#171) ############################################
DUGUAY-TROUIN – DU MAURIER
155
(Monasticon Anglicanum' (1655), reissued with
additions 1817-30 and 1846; a mine of informa-
tion on the history and biography of English
cathedrals, and English history in general.
Among his other works are : (The Antiquities
of Warwickshire) (1656); (Short View of the
Late Troubles in England (1681).
Duguay-Trouin, René (dü-gā'trö-an'). A
French naval commander of the first distinc-
tion; born in St. Malo, June 10, 1673; died in
Paris, Sept. 27, 1736. In his Memoirs,' pub.
lished surreptitiously in 1730, but with authority
ten years later, he relates, with becoming mod.
esty, the series of events which gave him such
heroic proportions as a conqueror on the sea.
Duhring, Julia. An American essayist ;
born in Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 1836. She has
been an extensive traveler in the United States,
Europe, Asia, and Africa; and published two
volumes of critical essays on social life, the
titles to which are: Philosophers and Fools)
(1874); (Gentlefolks and Others ); (Amor in
Society); Mental Life and Culture. '
Dulaurens, Henri Joseph (dü-lor-an'). A
French satirical poet and novelist; born at
Douai, in 1719; died at Marienbourg, Belgium,
in 1797 (1787? ). He wrote with his friend
Groubenthal the Jesuitics (1761 : modeled on
Demosthenes's Philippics') against the Jesu-
its; but executed a more enduring task in the
"Jesuit Priest (or Companion) Matthew) (Com-
père Mathieu : 1776), a novel of genuine literary
merit, and of great vogue even within a recent
time.
Dulk, Albert Friedrich Benno (dülk). A
German dramatist and polemic prose-writer ;
born in Königsberg, June 17, 1819; died in
Stuttgart, Oct. 30, 1884. His (Arla) (1844);
Jesus the Christ) (1865); Lea) (1874); and
other dramas, are rich in subtleties and in
powerful appeals to the loftier side of human
nature, but lack poetic feeling. He advocates
a new religious evolution, as against Christian-
ity, in (Beast or Man ? " (1872); "What Is
to be Expected from the Christian Church ? )
(1877); and other like argumentative works.
Duller, Eduard (düller). A German poet
and historian (1809-53); born at Vienna. His
drama Master Pilgram' was produced with
success at 17, and followed by (The Swan
Song of Revenge, a tragedy (1834). He was
a passionate champion of free thought; this
made Vienna under Metternich too warm for
him, and he lived at Munich, Trier, and other
places. The lyric poem Prince of Love)
(1842), and the volume of Collected Poems)
(1845), are his least polemic and literarily best
works. His novels are pompous. He wrote a
"History of the German People, and a (His-
tory of the Jesuits.
