No More Learning

The Spectator and its Character-types. The Coverly Group.
The Spectator and The Tatler compared. The Spectator's
Correspondence. Its Literary Criticism: Addison on Paradise
Lost, and on the Pleasures of the Imagination. Addison on
Religion. Cato. The Guardian. Steele's last Comedy. Steele,
Addison and the Essay
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viii
Contents
CHAPTER III
POPE
By EDWARD BENSLY, M. A. , Trinity College, Professor of
Latin, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth
PAGE
Pope's Literary Consciousness, and his attitude towards Contemporary
Literature. His early Life and Studies. His literary beginnings.
Pastorals. Windsor Forest. Messiah. An Essay on Criticism.
The Rape of the Lock. Eloisa to Abelard. Elegy to the Memory
of an Unfortunate Lady. Epistles. Pope's Workmanship and
Style. His Homer. His edition of Shakespeare. Pope's literary
success and quarrels. The Dunciad. Influence of Bolingbroke.
Moral Essays. An Essay on Man. Imitations of Horace. Other
Satires. The new Dunciad and Colley Cibber. Influence of
Warburton. Pope's Genius and Influence upon Literature
66
CHAPTER IV
SWIFT
By GEORGE ATHERTON AITKEN, M. V. O.
Swift's parentage and descent. Residences with Sir William Temple.
Esther Johnson (Stella). The Phalaris Controversy. Swift Vicar
of Laracor. Swift in London. Association with Addison and the
Whigs. Intimacy with Harley and St John. Swift and The
Examiner. The Conduct of the Allies and Some Remarks on the
Barrier Treaty. The Brothers' Club. Swift retires to Dublin.
Stella and Vanessa. Irish Politics. Swift's Irish popularity. His
despondency and death. His chief Satires: A Tale of a Tub;
The Battle of the Books; Gulliver's Travels. Inception,
contributory sources and original features of Gulliver. Genteel
Conversation, Directions to Servants, Argument against abolish-
ing Christianity, and other Pamphlets. Swift's Religions and
Political Writings. Pamphlets on Irish affairs: Drapier's Letters.
Swift's Verse. Baucis and Philemon; The Grand Question
Debated; Cadenus and Vanessa. Later savage Satirical Verse:
The Legion Club. Swift On the Death of Dr Swift. The Journal
to Stella. Character of Swift's life and work. Swift a Master of
Style and of Satire. What he lacks
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Contents
ix
CHAPTER V
ARBUTHNOT AND LESSER PROSE WRITERS
By G. A. AITKEN, M. V. O.
PAGB
Arbuthnot's early life and scientific work. His association with Harley
and the Court of Queen Anne. His Tory pamphlets : The History
of John Bull series; The Art of Political Lying. Arbuthnot,
the Tory Wits, and The Memoirs of Scriblerus. His pamphlets
after the crisis. Critical estimate of bis political writings. His
other works. William King. Literary criticism of the age :
Rymer; Langbaine; Gildon. John Dennis. Colley Cibber's
Apology. Hughes; Rowe; Edwards; Heath; Upton ; Zachary
Grey
129
.
CHAPTER VI
LESSER VERSE WRITERS
I
By THOMAS SECCOMBE, M. A. , Balliol College, Oxford
Prior's personal and literary beginnings. The Country and the City
Mouse. His early official Life and Verse: Carmen Seculare.
Prior under Queen Anne. His last years. His lyrical verse :
Henry and Emma. Alma. Solomon. His light Satirical Verse
and its excellence. His Versification. His productions in Prose :
Essays, and Dialogues of the Dead. John Gay and his early
literary efforts. Rural Sports; The Shepherd's Week; The
What D'ye Call it; Trivia. Gay and the Queensberrys. The
Beggar's Opera and Polly. Gay's love of ease. His Friends.
Ambrose Philips and his Pastorals. His ‘Namby-Pamby' poems.
Thomas Parnell. His Homeric Scholarship. The Hermit. Lady
Winchilsea. John Pomfret. Thomas Tickell. His attachment to
Addison
146
II
9
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, LL. D. , D. Litt. , F. B. A. , á Merton
College, Oxford, Professor of Rhetoric and English
Literature in the University of Edinburgh
Minor Versifiers of the Age. Younger Contemporaries of Dryden:
George Granville (Lord Lansdowne); William Walsh. Duke,
Stepney, Yalden and William King. Older contemporaries of
Pope: Isaac Watts and his ‘Hymns. ' Sir Samuel Garth. The
Dispensary: significance of its Versification and Diction. Sir
Richard Blackmore: Creation. The Spectator Group: John
Philips; Broome and Fenton; Edmund ('Rag') Smith; Hughes.
Henry Brooke's poetry. David Mallet. Richard Savage. Stephen
Duck. Aaron Hill. Other Lesser Verse Writers of the Age.
Robert Dodeley and his Collection
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X
Contents
CHAPTER VII
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL WRITERS
I.
BURNET
By A. W. WARD, Litt. D. , P. B. A. , Master of Peterhouse
PAGE
Burnet's Historical and Political Writings during his residence in
Scotland. Thoughts on Education. Memoires of the Hamiltons.
Burnet in London. The History of the Reformation of the
Church of England. Attacks upon it and Replies. The Life
and Death of Sir Matthew Hale. Burnet in Exile. Beginnings
of Memoirs; and various Political Pamphlets. A Memorial for
the Electress Sophia. The History of My Own Time and its
genesis. Characteristics of the Work. Its pervading Purpose.
Historians Contemporary with Burnet: Strype. Jeremy Collier.
His Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain. Neal's History of
the Puritans. Letters to Sir Joseph Williamson. Memoirs of
James II. Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun. His Political Career
and Discourses
192
CHAPTER VIII
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL WRITERS
II. BOLINGBROKE
By A. W. WARD, Litt. D. , P. B. A.
Henry St John's Earlier Life and Letters. His Contributions to The
Examiner. A Letter to Sir William Wyndham. Bolingbroke
in France. His political activity after his return home. The
Craftsman and its Contributors. Bolingbroke's Remarks upon
the History of England; Dissertation upon Parties ; Letters
on the Study and Use of History; Letter on the Spirit of
Patriotism; Idea of a Patriot King. His last Political Pamphlets.
Qualities of his Style. Historical and Political Writers con-
temporary with Bolingbroke: White Kennett; Echard; Rapin;
Lediard; Tindal; Boyer; Oldmixon. Roger North’s Lives of the
Norths. Merits of these Biographies
216
CHAPTER IX
MEMOIR-WRITERS, 1715-60
By THOMAS SECCOMBE, M. A.
English Society under the First Two Georges. Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu. The Story of her Life. Her Turkish Letters. Her
other writings in Verse and Prose. Lady Cowper's Diary.
Correspondence of Lady Suffolk. Lord Hervey and Lady Mary.
His Political Career. His Memoirs and their Character. Memoirs
of Lord Waldegrave and Melcombe (George Bubb Dodington)
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Contents
xi
CHAPTER X
WRITERS OF BURLESQUE AND TRANSLATORS
By CHARLES WHIBLEY, M. A. , Hon. Fellow of
Jesus College
PAGE
The Underworld of Letters and its Vagabond Inhabitants. Their
love of Burlesque and Indebtedness to Scarron. His Imitators in
France and in England. Charles Cotton's, Monsey's and John
Phillips's Travesties of Vergil, Scudamore's of Homer and Alexander
Radcliffe's of Ovid.
Hudibras and Hudibrastic Verse. Ned
Ward's Hudibras Redivivus, Vulgus Britannicus and London
Spy. Tom Brown's Amusements for the Meridian of London.
The New Art of Translation Versions of Petronius. John
Phillips's Literary Career. His Don Quixote. Motteux and his
Translation of Rabelais. Roger L'Estrange as a Translator.
His Selection of Originals. His Aesop. Charles Cotton and his
Montaigne. John Stevens and his Services to English knowledge
of Spanish Literature
255
CHAPTER XI
BERKELEY AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY
By W. R. SORLEY, Litt. D. , F. B. A. , Fellow of King's College,
Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy
English Thought in the Period after the Death of Locke. I. Meta-
physicians: Berkeley's Life and Authorship before and after his
sojourn in America. Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher.
Essay towards a New Theory of Vision. The Merits of the Essay
as a work of Psychological Analysis. Treatise concerning the
Principles of Human Knowledge. Berkeley's Idealism. His
place in the History of Thought. His Common-place Book.
Arthur Collier. II. Deists. The Deistical Controversy in English
Theology. Charles Blount. Charles Leslie as Champion of
Orthodoxy. Toland's Christianity not Mysterious. His Literary
Career and Philosophical Development: Letters to Serena ;
Pantheisticon. Anthony Collins's Discourse of Free-thinking.
Tindals Christianity as old as the Creation. Other Deistical
Writers: Woolston; Chubb; Morgan; Henry Dodwell the younger.
Influence of Deism. Bolingbroke. Whiston's Primitive Chris-
tianity Revived. Opponents of the Deists: William Warburton.
III. Moralists. Samuel Clarke and Rational Ethics. Shaftesbury;
his Characteristics of Men and Manners. Hutcheson. Mandeville's
Fable of the Bees. Bishop Butler's Fifteen Sermons and Analogy.
Exhaustiveness of Butler's Reasonings
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xii
Contents
CHAPTER XII
WILLIAM LAW AND THE MYSTICS
By CAROLINE F. E. SPURGEON, Dr of the University
of Paris, Fellow of King's College for Women and
Lecturer in English Literature at Bedford College,
University of London
PAGE
6
Undercurrent of Mystical Thought in England in the Earlier Half of
the Eighteenth Century. Mysticism in the Seventeenth Century.
*Children of Light' in Holland. The Behmenites' and the
Founders of the Society of Friends. Life and Writings of William
Law. Law's Controversial Writings against Hoadly, Mandeville
and Tindal. Christian Perfection and A Serious Call. Influence
of Malebranche, the earlier German Mystics and the Seventeenth
Century Quietists upon Law. Jacob Boehme and the Essence of
his Mysticism. Boehme and Law. An Appeal to all who Doubt
and The Way to Divine Knowledge. Character of Law's Prose:
Law and Mandeville; The Spirit of Prayer; A Serious Call.
Law's Followers: John Byrom; Henry Brooke. Later influence
of Boehme on English Thought .
305
.
CHAPTER XIII
SCHOLARS AND ANTIQUARIES
I. BENTLEY AND CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIP
By JAMES DUFF DUFF, M. A. , Fellow and Lecturer in
Classics of Trinity College
Learning in England at the Time of Bentley's Birth: Pearson; Fell;
William Lloyd; Henry Dodwell; John Moore. Bentley's Earlier
Life and Labours. Epistola ad Millium. His Lectures against
Atheism. The Phalaris Controversy: Bentley and his Adversaries.
Bentley Master of Trinity. The Troubles of his Mastership. His
Reforms at Cambridge. Phileleutherus Lipsiensis. Bentley's
Horace. Remarks upon a late Discourse of Free-Thinking.
Editions of Terence and Manilius. Bentley and Paradise Lost.
His death. Joseph Wasse; Conyers Middleton; Jeremiah
Markland; John Taylor; Richard Dawes
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Contents
xiii
II. ANTIQUARIES
By H. G. ALDIS, M. A. , Peterhouse, Secretary of the
University Library
PAGE
Oxford and the Bodleian. Dagdale and Dodsworth. The Antiquities
of Warwickshire and Monasticon Anglicanum. Dugdale's Other
Labours. Anthony Wood and Athenae Oxonienses. Thomas
Hearne. John Tanner. John Aubrey. Local History and
Topography: Burton; Plot; Stukeley; Gordon. Chamberlayne's
Angliae Notitia and its Sequel. Gibson's Edition of Camden's
Britannia Ashmole and other County Antiquaries. Baker's
collections: his History of St John's College, Cambridge.
Writers on Monastic and Cathedral Antiquities. Old English
Studies: Sir Henry Spelman. Diplomatic: Thomas Madox.
Heraldry. Ames's Typographical Antiquities. The Cottonian
and the Harloian Libraries. Osborne and Oldys. Revival of the
Society of Antiquaries.
.
341
CHAPTER XIV
SCOTTISH POPULAR POETRY BEFORE BURNS
By T. F. HENDERSON
1
The long Blight on Scottish Secular Verse. Exceptional popularity of
Lyndsay. Survival of Songs in the Puritan Period. Peculiarity
of the relation between English and Scottish Song in the Seventeenth
Century. Ane Compendious Booke of Godly and Spirituall
Songs. Original Scots Songs in The Tea-Table Miscellany:
Lady Grizel Baillie, Lady Wardlaw and William Hamilton of
Gilbertfield. Robert Sempill and The Life and Death of Habbie
Simson. Watson's Choice Collection. Allan Ramsay. His
earlier productions and The Gentle Shepherd. Difficulty of
estimating his Originality. His treatment of the Old Songs. The
Tea-Table Miscellany and The Evergreen. Alexander Pennecuick.
Robert Crawford. William Hamilton of Bangour. Sir John
Clerk and George Halkett. Alexander Ross. Alexander Geddes.
Dougal Graham. Mrs Cockburn. Jane and Sir Gilbert Elliot.
Anonymous Songs. Songs from David Herd's Manuscript and
other Collections. Jacobite Songs in Hogg's Jacobite Relics of
Scotland. Hogg's editorial methods. Literary value of the
Jacobite Songs. Robert Fergusson: his personality and poetio
qualities
359
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xiv
Contents
CHAPTER XV
EDUCATION
By J. W. ADAMSON, Fellow of King's College, London, and
Professor of Education in the University of London
PAGE
The Seventeenth Century Curriculum. Henry Wotton's Essay on the
Education of Children. Proposed supersession of Oxford and
Cambridge under the Commonwealth: Milton; Harrington;
Hobbes. Seth Ward's Vindiciae Academiarum. The Long
Parliament and Education. Projected Reforms of Schools.
Influence of John Amos Comenius. Hartlib, Petty and Dury.
Educational Projects after the Restoration: Cowley's Proposition.
The Ancients v. Moderns Controversy: Temple and Bentley.
Dissenting Academies : Secker's Experience. Courtly and Private
Education: Comments of Clarendon, Peacham, Francis Osborn
and others. Cavils of Swift and Defoe. Locke's Thoughts on
Education and Essay concerning Human Understanding.
Influence of the Essay on subsequent Educational Theory.
Education of Girls: Swift, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and
others. Elementary Education. Private Schools. Charity Schools:
Mandeville. The Public Schools : Eton and Westminster. Subjects
of Teaching. The Universities. Examinations at Cambridge.
The Oxford Tutorial System. _Foundation of the Royal Society.
Bentley's Range of Studies. Extension of University Learning.
New Chairs at Cambridge. Gibbon's Charges against the Oxford
System. Difficulties in the way of Reform
381
415
Bibliographies.
Table of Principal Dates
Index of Names
575
.
579
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THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY
OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
i
VOLUME IX. FROM STEELE AND ADDISON TO POPE AND SWIFT
Second Impression, 1919, Corrections and Additions
2
I
The errata mentioned in volumes of the History published later than the first
edition of this volume have been corrected in the present impression. In addition, some
misprints noticed later have been corrected, and a few alterations made. The more
important of these are as follows:
p. 78, 11. 17, 18 for Cytherea . . . 1723, read The St James's Journal of 15 December 1722,
p. 149, 11. 2-4 of footnote for Prior's. . . manuscripts. read J. Bancks, under the title
The History of His Own Time by Matthew Prior, and professing to be compiled from
the manuscripts of Adrian Drift, Prior's former secretary.
Addenda to the present (2nd) impression
The following should be added to the bibliographies :
pp. 415 ff. chapter 1. Defoe, The Newspaper and the Novel :
Behn, Mrs Aphra. See vol. VIII, chapter v and bibliography.
Haywood, Mrs Eliza (1693 ?