He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
An Ameri-
can author and novelist; born in New Haven,
Conn. , in 1836. She has edited Arthur's Home
Magazine, has contributed to many journals and
magazines, and written many popular novels.
Among these are: “While It Was Morning)
(1859); (Amy Deane, and Other Tales) (1862);
(The Well in the Rock,' etc. (1863); (The Battle-
Fields of our Fathers) (1864); Janet Strong
(1865); Darryl Gap) (1866); (The Hollands)
(1869); (One Woman's Two Lovers) (1872);
(Elizabeth Tudor) (1874); (Only Girls) (1876);
(Six in All' (1878); and (Our Presidents' (1888).
Toy, Crawford Howell. An American L'ni-
tarian clergyman and scholar; born in Norfolk,
Va. , March 23, 1836. He has been professor of
Hebrew at Harvard University since 1880. He
has written : (History of the Religion of Israel
(1882); (Quotations in the New Testament)
(1884); (Judaism and Christianity : Progress of
Thought from the Old Testament to the New)
(1890).
Traill, Catherine Parr (Strickland). An
English writer, sister of Agnes; born in Kent,
Jan. 9, 1802. She removed to Canada in 1833
## p. 531 (#547) ############################################
TRAILL-TRESCOT
531
:
and has made her home for many years at
Lakefield, Ont. Among her works are : (The
Backwoods of Canada) (London, 1835); (Cana.
dian Crusoes) (1852); “Ramblings in the Cana-
dian Forests) (1854); Afar in the Forest)
(1869); (Studies of Plant Life) (1884); "Pearls
and Pebbles) (1895).
Traill, Henry Duff. An English journalist
and man of letters; born at Blackheath, Aug.
14, 1842; graduated from St. John's, Oxford,
1864. He was called to the bar in 1868, but
soon took to literature. He has written (Lives)
of Strafford (a very original work with a new
view), William III. , Sterne, Coleridge, and
others; also Central Government) (1881); Re-
captured Rhymes) (1882); “The New Lucian)
(1884); (Two Proper Prides;) etc. He has
lately edited (Social England: A Record of the
Progress of the People, in six large volumes;
and been made (1897) editor of the weekly
review Literature.
Train, Elizabeth Phipps. An American
novelist; born in 1857. Among her works are :
(Dr. Lamar); (Autobiography of a Professional
Beauty); (A Social Highwayman); (A Marital
Liability); and translations from the French,
(The Shadow of Dr. Laroque); (Recollections
of the Court of the Tuileries.
Train, George Francis. An American lect-
urer and writer, noted for his eccentricities;
born in Boston, March 24, 1829; traveled ex-
tensively in early life; lectured in Great Britain
and Ireland, returning to this country in 1862.
He has written : (An American Merchant in
Europe, Asia, and Australia) ( 1857 ); “Young
America Abroad' ( 1857 ); “Young America in
Wall Street) (1858); “Spread-Eagleism' (1859);
(Every Man his own Autocrat) (1859); (Observ-
ations on Street Railways); (Union Speeches)
(1862); Downfall of England) (1865); and
(Championship of Woman) (1868).
Treat, Mrs. Mary Lea Adelia (Davis)
(Allen). An American naturalist; born 18–.
She has written : "Chapters on Ants); (Home
Studies in Nature); Injurious Insects of the
Farm and Garden); (My Garden Pets. )
Treitschke, Heinrich Gotthard von (tritsh'-
kė). A German historian ; born at Dresden,
Sept. 15. 1834; died at Berlin, April 28, 1896.
He wrote: (The Science of Society) (1859).
His chief work is "German History in the 19th
Century) (5 vols. , 1879-94). He wrote also:
(Historical and Political Disquisitions) (1865);
"Socialism and its Supporters) (1878); (A Word
on our Jewry) (1890); Biographical and His-
torical Discussions) (1897).
Trelawny, Edward John. An English au-
thor of celebrity ; born in Cornwall, March 10,
1792 ; died at Sompting, Sussex, Aug. 13, 1881.
He is remembered as a picturesque and some-
what theatrical adventurer (supposed to be
drawn by Byron in (The Corsair), the friend
of Byron, Shelley, etc. , and Byron's companion
(1823) in the Greek war of liberation. He
wrote a novel called Adventures of a Younger
Son) (1830); but his best-known work is (Recol-
lections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron)
(1858), reissued in 1878 as (Records of Byron,
Shelley, and the Author. His body was cre-
mated, and the ashes interred near Shelley's
at Rome. His portrait is preserved in Millais's
painting (The Northwest Passage. )
Trembecki, Stanislav (trem-betsʻkē). A
Polish poet; born near Cracow, about 1723;
died at Tulczyn in Podolia, Dec. 12, 1812. His
most considerable poem, Zofijovka,' is a de-
scription of a park laid out by the poet's patron,
Count Potocki, for his wife Sophia.
Trench, Richard Chenevix. An eminent
British philologist and essayist; born in Dub-
lin, Sept. 9, 1807; died in London, March 28,
1886. He was dean of Westminster 1856-63;
archbishop of Dublin from 1864. He was noted
in philology, on which he wrote Deficiencies
in our English Dictionaries. ) Among many
other works may be mentioned : (Poems from
Eastern Sources) (1842 ); «Elegiac Poems)
(1846); Poems Collected and Arranged Anew)
(1865); Notes on the Parables of our Lord)
(1841; 15th ed. 1884); Notes on the Mir-
acles of our Lord) (1846, 13th ed. 1886); (On
the Study of Words) (1851, 15th ed. 1874 );
(English Past and Present) (1855-81); (The
Authorized Version of the New Testament, in
Connection with some Recent Proposals for Its
Revision) (1858); (Select Glossary of English
Words Used Formerly in Senses Different from
their Present' (1859); “Studies on the Gospels)
(1867); Lectures on Mediæval Church His-
tory) (1877). He edited several volumes of
poetry, and (Remains of the Late Mrs. Richard
Trench,' his mother (1862).
Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf (tren'de-
len-börs'). A German philosopher; born at
Eutin, Nov. 30, 1802; died at Berlin, Jan. 24,
1872. He set forth the ethical aspect of his
philosophy in the treatise (The Ethical Idea
of Right and Law,' and the æsthetic aspect in
(Niobe ) ( 1846 ) and (The Cathedral of Cologne)
(1853). He wrote also Natural Justice on the
Ground of Ethics) (2d ed. 1860).
Trent, William Peterfield. An American
man of letters, dean of the department of arts
and sciences and professor of English and of
history in the University of the South; born
1862. He has made a special study of South-
ern men and times, and has published: (Life
of William Gilmore Simms); English Culture
in Virginia); (Southern Statesmen of the Old
Régime) (1897).
Trescot, William Henry. An American
diplomatist; born in Charleston, S. C. , Nov. 10,
1822. He was United States counsel at the
Halifax Fishery Commission in 1877 ; special
envoy to South America in 1881; and pleni-
potentiary with General Grant to negotiate a
treaty with Mexico in 1882. He is the author
of Foreign Policy of the United States) (1849);
(Diplomacy of the Revolution (1852); (An
(
## p. 532 (#548) ############################################
532
TREVELYAN - TROUBETZKOI
>
American View of the Eastern Question) (1854);
(Diplomatic History of the Administrations of
Washington and Adams) (1857); besides vari.
ous memoirs, addresses, and pamphlets.
Trevelyan, Charles Edward, Sir. An Eng-
lish statesman and writer; born April 2, 1807;
died in London, June 19, 1886. He was Assist-
ant Secretary to the Treasury, 1840; finance
minister in India, 1862–65. He married Lord
Macaulay's sister. He wrote: (Education of
the People of Ireland) (1838); (The Irish
Crisis) (1848); (The Purchase System in the
British Army) (1867); (The British Army in
1868) (1869 ); (Christianity and Hinduism
(1881); etc.
Trevelyan, George Otto, Sir. An English
statesman and author, son of Sir Charles Tre-
velyan and Hannah Macaulay; born at Rothley
Temple, Leicestershire, July 20, 1838. He was
secretary for Scotland, 1885-86, and again 1892-
95. Among his writings are : (Letters of a Com-
petition Wallah) (1864); (Cawnpore) (1865);
(The Ladies in Parliament, and Other Pieces)
(1869); Life of Lord Macaulay) (1876); Early
History of Charles James Fox) (1880).
Trochu, Louis Jules (tro-shü'). A distin-
guished French soldier; born at Palais in
Morbihan, May 12, 1815; died at Tours, Oct.
7, 1896. He wrote: (The Empire and the De-
fense of Paris) (1872); For Truth and Justice)
(1873); (Politics and the Siege of Paris) (1874);
"Society, the State, and the Army) (1896).
Trogus. Pompeius, or Pompeius Trogus
(trö'gus pom-pē’us). A Roman historian of
the Augustan age. Drawing principally on
Greek sources, he wrote a universal history
from Ninus to his own time, which he called
(Philippian Histories, because the fortunes of
Philip of Macedon and his line formed the
central point of the narrative : all that remains
of its 44 books is the table of contents and
some few fragments.
Trollope, Anthony. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, April 24, 1815;
died there, Dec. 6, 1882. He published: (The
Macdermots of Ballydoran) (1847); “The Kellys
and the O'Kellys) (1848); "La Vendée) (1850);
(The Warden) (1855); Barchester Towers)
(1857); (The Three Clerks) (1857); Doctor
Thorne) (1858); “The Bertrams) (1859); “The
West Indies and the Spanish Main' (1859);
(Castle Richmond (1860); Framley Parsonage)
(1861); (Tales of All Countries) (1861); "Orley
Farm' (1862); (The Struggles of Brown, Jones,
and Robinson' (1862); North America' (1862);
'Rachel Ray) (1863); (The Small House at
Allington (1864); (The Belton Estate) (1864);
(Hunting Sketches) (1864); "Can You Forgive
Her ? ) ( 1865); (Miss Mackenzie) (1865); (Cler-
gymen of the Church of England' (1866);
(Traveling Sketches) (1866); (Lotta Schmidt,
and Other Stories) (1867); (The Claverings)
(1867); “The Last Chronicle of Barset) (1867);
Nina Balatka! (anonymous: 1867); Linda
Tressel) (do. : 1868); (British Sports and Pas-
times) (edited : 1868); (Phineas Finn, the Irish
Member' (1869); He Knew He Was Right)
(1869); (Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite)
(1870); (An Editor's Tales) (1870); (The Vicar
of Bullhampton) (1870); Cæsar's Comment-
aries) (edited : 1870); Mary Gresley) (1871);
(Ralph the Heir) (1871); «The Eustace Dia-
monds) (1872); (The Golden Lion of Gran.
père) (1872); (Australia and New Zealand)
(1873); Phineas Redux' (1873); (Harry Heath-
cote of Gangoil) (1874); (South Australia and
Western Australia,' (Victoria and Tasmania,
and New South Wales and Queensland' (all
1874); Lady Anna) (1874); (The Way we
Live Now' (1875); (The Prime Minister'(1876);
(The American Senator (1877); “South Africa
(1877); "Is he Popenjoy ? ) (1878); (John Cal-
digate! (1879); An Eye for an Eye) (1879);
(Cousin Henry) (1879); (Thackeray) in (Eng.
lish Men of Letters) (1879); (The Duke's
Children' (1880); Life of Cicero) (1880);
Ayala's Angel' (1881); (Dr. Wortle's School
(1881); "Why Frau Frohmann Raised her
Prices, and Other Stories) (1881); (The Fixed
Period (1882); (Kept in the Dark) (1882);
(Lord Palmerstond in English Political Lead-
ers) (1882); Marion Fay) (1882); Mr. Scar.
borough's Family) (1883). Posthumously ap-
peared: his Autobiography) (1883); (The
Land Leaguers) (1883, unfinished); and (An
Old Man's Love) (1884). *
Trollope, Frances M. An English author,
mother of Anthony; born in Hampshire, about
1778; died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. In
1829 she visited America, and afterwards pub-
lished a volume entitled Domestic Manners of
the Americans) (1831). She followed this with
the novel (The Refugee in America) (1832).
Among her other works are: (The Abbess)
(1833); “Tremordyn Cliff) (1835); “The Barna-
bys in America (1843); (Life and Adventures
of a Clever Woman (1854); and ( Fashionable
Life; or, Paris and London (1856).
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, elder brother
of Anthony; born April 29, 1810; died at Clif-
ton, Nov. II, 1892. He was a constant con-
tributor to English periodicals, and was Italian
correspondent of the New York Tribune.
Among his many books are: (A Summer
in Brittany) (1840); (A Summer in Western
France) (1841); "La Beata) (1861); (Marietta
(1862); (Beppo the Conscript' (1864); Lindis.
farn Chase ) (1864); (History of the Common-
wealth of Florence' (4 vols. , 1865); (Dream
Numbers) (1868); (A Siren (1870); Life of
Pius IX. (1877); (Sketches from French His-
tory) (1878); (What I Remember) (1887-89).
Troubetzkoi, Mrs. Amélie (Rives) (Chan-
ler) (trö-bets’koi). An American novelist ; born
in Virginia, Aug. 23, 1863. She has lived abroad
since her second marriage. She has written :
(A Brother to Dragons, and Other Tales) (1888);
( The Quick or the Dead ? ) (1888); (Barbara
Dering); (The Witness of the Sun); Herod
and Mariamne: Drama'; Virginia of Vir-
ginia); (Athelwold); etc.
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
TROWBRIDGE – TUCKER
533
Trowbridge, John Townsend. An Amer-
ican poet, novelist, and general writer; born in
Ogden, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1827. His first poems,
(The Vagabonds, At Sea, (The Pewee,'
etc. , appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, also the
story (Coupon Bonds. Among his numerous
novels, tales of adventure, etc. , are: (Father
Brighthopes) (1853); ( Hearts and Faces) (1853);
(Martin Merrivale) (1855); Neighbor Jack-
wood’ (1857); (The Old Battle-Ground' (1859);
(The Drummer Boy) (1863); Cudjo's Cave)
(1864); ( The Three Scouts' (1865); “Lucy Arlyn)
(1800); (Coupon Bonds) (1866); Neighbors'
Wives) (1867); (The Story of Columbus) (1867);
(The Jack Hazard Series) (1871-75); (The
Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems) (1875);
(The Silver Medal Series) (1877-82); (The
Book of Gold, and Other Poems) (1878); (A
Home Idyl, etc. (1881); ( The Tide-Mill Series)
(1882-87); "The Lost Earl) (1888).
True, Charles Kittridge. An American edu-
cator and historical writer; born in Portland,
Me. , Aug. 14, 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
Jan. 20, 1878. He was pastor of various Metho-
dist churches, and subsequently professor of
intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan University
(1849-60). He was the author of (Elements of
Logic) (1840); (Shawmut; or, The Settlement
of Boston) (1845); (John Winthrop) (1875);
(Sir Walter Raleigh) (1878); “Life and Times
of John Knox) (1878); Memoirs of John How-
ard) (1878); (The Thirty Years' War) (1879);
(Heroes of Holland) (1882).
Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de (trwā'bä ē
kös'yo). A Spanish poet; born at Santander,
1798; died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1835. He wrote
several comedies, as "The Fickle One) and
Marrying on 60,000 Duros. He wrote in Eng-
lish several historical novels, among them
Gomez Arias) (1828), and "The Castilian)
(1829); and also in English, (Lives of Cortés
and Pizarro (1830) and the historical drama
(The Royal Delinquent. The most successful
of his works was "Paris and London (1833),
a portraiture of manners and morals.
Trumbull, Gurdon. An American ornitholo-
gist, brother of H. C. and J. H. ; born in
Stonington, Conn. , May 5, 1841. He has pub-
lished (American Game Birds; or, Names and
Portraits of Birds, with Descriptions) (1888. )
Trumbull, Henry Clay. An American edi.
tor, author, and lecturer; born in Stonington,
Conn. , June 8, 1831. He was army chaplain
1862–65; afterwards secretary of the American
Sunday School Union, 1865-72; and since 1875
editor of the Sunday School Times. He has
published many books, including : Army Ser-
mons) (1864); (The Knightly Soldier) (1865);
(A Useful Life,' etc. (1866); (The Captured
Scout) (1869); (Children in the Temple) (1809);
(A Model Superintendent) (1880); Kadesh-
Barnea) (1884); (Teaching and Teachers )
(1884); (The Blood Covenant) (1885); Vale
Lectures on the Sunday School) (1888); (Studies
in Oriental Social fe) (1894); etc.
Trumbull, James Hammond. An American
philologist and librarian, brother of H. C. ; born
in Stonington, Conn. , Dec. 20, 1821 ; died in
Hartford, Conn. , 1897. He was Secretary of
State of Connecticut during the War, 1861–64,
and held many honorable posts connected with
historical and educational associations. He
was president of the American Philological
Association 1874-75. He made the Indian
languages of North America a special study;
is the acknowledged authority on the Algonkin
tongues; and published many essays on Indian
philology. He was a frequent contributor to
proceedings of historical societies. Among his
works are: (The Colonial Records of Con-
necticut' (1850-59); Historical Notes on some
Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes) (1860-
61); (The Composition of Indian Geographical
Names) (1870); (Historical Notes on the Con-
stitution of Connecticut (1872); (The True
Blue-Laws of Connecticut,' etc. (1876). He
edited (The Memorial History of Hartford
County) (1886). His knowledge of books was
vast; as a shrewd collector and book-buyer
he had few superiors; and his name is asso.
ciated with the sale of the “Brinley Library,
and with the Watkinson Library at Hartford.
Trumbull, John. An American poet and
lawyer, famous in his day as a satirist; born
in Westbury, Conn. , April 24, 1750; died at
Detroit, Mich. , May 10, 1831.
He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
ity. In “The Progress of Dulness) (1772-73) he
satirized contemporary methods of education ;
but he won his greatest fame with McFingal
(1775-82), a satire on the loyalists of the
Revolution time, written in Hudibrastic verse.
Thirty pirated editions are said to have been
sold; and some of its lines are still «familiar
quotations popularly credited to 'Hudibras.
Later he was associated with Joel Barlow and
others in the production of "The Anarchiad
(1786-87). His “Poetical Works) were pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn. , in 1820.
Trumpp, Ernst (trömp). A German Ori-
entalist; born at Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, March
13, 1828; died at Munich, April 5, 1885. His
principal work is (The Adi Granth; or, The
Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, Translated from
the Original Gurmukhi) (1877). He wrote
also : (The Language of the so-called Caffres
in the Hindu Caucasus); (Sindi Literature :
The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif) (1866); (The Bap-
tism Book of the Ethiopian Church (1876).
Tschudi, Johann Jakob von (tshö'dē). A
Swiss naturalist and traveler; born at Glarus,
July 25, 1818; died at Jakobshof in Lower
Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. He traveled extensively
in South America in 1838-43, and again in
1857–61. He wrote: (The Kechua Language)
(1853); Peru: Sketches of Travel' (1846); Pe-
ruvian Antiquities) (1851); (Travels in South
America) (5 vols. , 1866-69).
Tucker, George. An American lawyer, ed-
ucator, and author; born in Bermuda in 1775;
(
## p. 534 (#550) ############################################
534
TUCKER --TURNBULL
(
died in Albemarle County, Va. , April 10, 1861.
He was a Member of Congress, 1819-25. For
twenty years he was professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Virginia (1825-45).
He wrote for many journals and periodicals:
was the author of Letters on the Conspiracy
of Slaves in Virginia) (1800); “Essays on Sub.
jects of Taste, etc. (1822); «The Valley of the
Shenandoah) (1824), a novel; Principles of
Rent, Wages, and Profits) (1837); "Life of
Thomas Jefferson' ( 1837 ); History of the
United States from their Colonization to 1841)
(4 vols. , 1856-58); “Banks or No Banks) (1857);
and (Essays, Moral and Philosophical' (1860).
Tucker, William Jowett. An American
educator and clergyman; born at Griswold,
Conn. , July 13, 1839. He was professor at Ando-
ver Seminary until 1893, and since then presi.
dent of Dartmouth College. He has written
(The New Movement in Humanity. '
Tuckerman, Bayard. An American writer;
born in New York in 1855. His works include
(A History of English Prose Fiction (1882);
"Life of Lafayette); (William Jay and the Abo-
lition of Slavery); Life of Peter Stuyvesant. '
Tuckerman, Henry Theodore. An Amer-
ican author and critic, of much note in his
day; born in Boston, April 20, 1813; died in
New York, Dec. 17, 1871. His works include:
(The Italian Sketch Book) (1835); Isabel ;
or, Sicily) (1839); Rambles and Reveries)
(1841); 'Thoughts on the Poets) (1846); (Artist
Life) (1847); (Characteristics of Literature)
(1849-51); (The Optimist) (1850); Poems)
(1851);( Memorial of Horatio Greenough'(1853);
(Bibliographical Essays) (1857); (Art in Amer-
ical (1858); (The Book of the Artists) (1867);
(The Collector : Essays) (1868). He edited
with William Smith A Smaller History of
English and American Literature) (1870).
Tulloch, John. A Scottish educator and
ecclesiastical writer; born near Tibbermuir,
Perthshire, June 1, 1823; died at Torquay, Eng.
land, Feb. 13, 1886. He published: (Leaders
of the Reformation) (1859); English Puri-
tanism and its Leaders) (1861); Beginning
Life) (1862); «The Christ of the Gospels and
the Christ of Modern Criticism); Lectures
on Renan's Life of Jesus) (1864); (Theology
and Greek Philosophy in England in the 17th
Century) (1872); (Pascal) (1878); (Movements
in Religious Thought in Britain during the
19th Century) (1885); and several volumes of
sermons. He gained the second Burnett prize
of £600 for an essay (On the Being and Attri-
butes of God,' which was published under the
title (Theism: The Witness of Reason and
Nature to an All-Wise and Beneficent Creator)
(1855). He also did much review work, and
wrote (The Wigtown Martyrs Proved to be
Myths.
Tupper, Martin Farquhar. An English
poet; born in London, July 17, 1810; died at
Albury, Surrey, Nov. 29, 1889. In 1838 he
issued the work by which he is best known,
(Proverbial Philosophy,' which had an im-
mense circulation. He wrote other volumes
of prose and verse : Hactenus : A Budget of
Lyrics'; (Ballads for the Time); (Stephen
Langton; or, The Days of King John); Prob-
abilities); (An Aid to Faith'; My Life as an
Author. He twice visited the United States,
and in 1875 wrote a drama in honor of the
centenary of American independence.
Tupy, Eugen (to'pē). [“Voleslav Jablonsky. ”]
A Czech poet; born at Kardasch-Rzetschitz,
Jan. 14, 1813; died at Cracow, March 1881. He
is one of the foremost of Bohemian lyrists, and
his 'Love Songs) in particular are held in great
popular favor. He also wrote the didactic poem
(The Father's Wisdom. '
Turgeneff, Ivan (tör-gān'yef). A celebrated
Russian novelist; born in Orel, Nov. 9, 1818;
died in Bougival, near Paris, Sept. 3, 1883.
His works include: Poems) (1841); (Para-
scha) (1843); Improvidence) (1843); Andrei
Kolosov) (1844); Andrei? (1845), a volume
of poems; “The Conversation (1845); (The
Landlord '(1846); (Three Portraits) (1846);
(Khor and Kalinych) (1847); “The Bully'(1847);
(Dimitri Rudin) (1852); “Two Friends' (1853);
(Quiet Life) (1854); “Rudin) (1856); (Faust)
(1856); (Asja' (1858); (A Nest of Noblemen
(1859), also translated as "Lisa'; (First Love)
(1860); “Hamlet and Don Quixote (1800); On
the Eve' (1862); Fathers and Sons) (1862);
(Visions) (1863); (The Dog) (1863? ); "Story
of Lieutenant Jergunov) (1864); (The Brig-
adier) (1866); (Smoke) (1867); (An Unfortu.
nate) (1868); (A Strange Tale) (1869); (A King
Lear of the Steppe) (1870); (Knock! Knock!
Knock! ' (1870); Pegasus (1871); 'Chertopcha-
nov's End' (1872); (Punin and Baburin' (1874);
(The Living Skeleton (1875); (The Watch)
(1875); (Some One Knocks) (1875); "The
Dream) (1876); New) (1877), also translated
as (Virgin Soil';'Father Alexei's Story) (1877);
(Song of Triumphant Love' (1881); (The Old
Portraits) (1882); (The Despairing One' (1882);
(Poems in Prose' (1882); Klara Milich' (1883);
(The Conflagration at Sea? (1883). *
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de
l'Aulne (tör-go'). An eminent French polit.
ical economist and statesman; born at Paris,
May 10, 1727; died there, March 8, 1781. He
was minister of finance under Louis XVI. In
political economy he was one of the chief rep-
resentatives of the Physiocrat school (see Ques-
nay). It was he who said of Franklin in a
Latin hexameter), he wrested the lightning
from the sky and the sceptre from tyrants. ”
Turnbull, Robert. A Scottish-American Bap-
tist pastor, editor, and author; born in Scot-
land, Sept. 10, 1809; came to the United States
in 1833; died Nov. 20, 1877, in Hartford, Conn. ,
where he was many years a pastor. He was
editor of the Christian Review for two years.
Among his many books are: (The Theatre
(1840); (Olympia Morata) (1842); (The Genius
of Scotland) (1847); (The Genius of Italy)
(1849); (Theophany' (1851); Pulpit Orators
## p. 535 (#551) ############################################
TURNER- TYNDALL
535
of France and Switzerland) (1853); (The Stu-
dent Preacher) (1854); (The World We Live
In) (1855); (Christ in History) (1856); "Life
Pictures; or, Sketches from a Pastor's Note-
Book) (1857).
Turner, Charles Tennyson. An English
poet, brother of Alfred Tennyson; born at Som-
ersby, Lincolnshire, July 4, 1808 ; died at Chel-
tenham, April 25, 1879. He assumed the name
of Turner (1835) by royal license, having in-
herited some property from his great-uncle,
Rev. Samuel Turner. Besides (Poems of Two
Brothers,' written in collaboration with Alfred,
he wrote: (Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces) (1830);
(Sonnets) (1864); "Small Tableaux) (1868);
(Sonnets, Lyrics, and Translations) (1873);
(Collected Sonnets, Old and New) (1880). *
Turner, Sharon. An English historian; born
at London, Sept. 24, 1768; died there, Feb. 13,
1847. He wrote: “History of the Anglo-Saxons)
(4 vols. , 1799-1805; 7th ed. , 3 vols. , 1852); (His-
tory of England during the Middle Ages) (3
vols. , 1814-23; 7th ed. , 4 vols. , 1853); Modern
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII. (1826) and (The Reigns of
Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth) (1829); “Sa-
cred History of the World) (3 vols. , 1832); and
a volume of miscellaneous essays, poems, etc.
Tusser, Thomas. An English poet; born at
Rivenhall, Essex, about 1515; died in London,
about April 1580. He was the author of Five
Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, United
to as many of Good Housewifery,' etc. (1573),
in verse, with metrical autobiography; chiefly
valuable for its picture of the manners and
domestic life of the English farmer.
Tuttiett, Mary G. (tut'i-et). [“Maxwell
Grey. )) An English novelist; born in the
Isle of Wight, 18. -, and resides there. She has
written: "The Broken Tryst) (1879); (The
Silence of Dean Maitland) (1886); (The Re-
proach of Annesley) (1889).
Twain, Mark. See Clemens.
Twesten, Karl (tves'ten). A German mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Kiel; died at Ber-
lin, Oct. 14, 1870. He wrote: (Schiller in his
Relation to Science) (1863); Machiavelli?
(1868); (The Religious, Political, and Social
Ideas of the Civilized Peoples of Asia and
Egypt) (2 vols. , 1872).
Twichell, Joseph Hopkins. An American
Congregational clergyman, and writer of bio.
graphy; born in Connecticut, 183–. He has
published Life of John Winthrop); and ed-
ited (Some Old Puritan Love Letters.
Twiss, Sir Travers. A celebrated English
writer and authority on international law ; born
1809; died 189-. He resigned all his important
offices in 1872. He published: (View of the
Progress of Political Economy since the 16th
Century) (1847); Lectures on International
Law) (1856); (The Law of Nations) (1861);
(Law of Nations in Times of War' (1863);
( Monumenta Juridica) (1871-76); “Belligerent
Right on the High Seas) (1884).
Tycho Brahe (ti'ko brä'ę). An illustrious
Danish astronomer; born at Knudstrup, Dec.
24, 1546; died at Prague, Oct. 24, 1601. In
(On the New Star) (1573) he treats of the
star discovered by him in Cassiopeia. His other
writings, most of which were published post-
humously, include : (Astronomical Works);-Me-
chanical Astronomy); (Astronomical Letters. '
Tychsen, Olaus Gerhard (tich'sen). A Ger-
man Orientalist; born at Tondern, Dec. 14,
1734; died at Rostock, Dec. 30, 1815. His
greatest work is (Leisure Hours at Bützow)
(6 vols. , 1766-69), a valuable repertory of Jew-
ish history and erudition. He also wrote:
(Elements of Arabic) (1792); Elements of
Syriac) (1793); (Syriac Natural Science) (1795).
Tychsen, Thomas Christian. A German
Orientalist ; born at Horsbyll, Silesia, May 8,
1758; died Oct. 23, 1834, at Göttingen, where
he was professor of theology. He wrote:
(Principles of Hebrew Archæology) (1789);
(Grammar of Literary Arabic) (1823); and
several essays on Numismatics,' (Palæogra-
phy,' (The Poetry of the Arabs, etc.
Tyler, Moses Coit. An American educator
and author; born in Griswold, Conn. , Aug. 2,
1835. He graduated at Yale in 1857; and was
pastor of a Congregational church 1860-62.
From 1867 to 1881 he was professor in the
University of Michigan; and since then has
been professor of American history in Cornell
University. He has published: (Brawnville
Papers) (1868); (History of American Litera-
ture) (1878); (Manual of English Literature
(1879); "Life of Patrick Henry) (1887); Lit.
erary History of the American Revolution,
1763-83' (2 vols. , 1887); (Three Men of Let-
ters) (1895).
Tyler, Royall. An American jurist and au.
thor; born in Boston, 1757 ; died in Brattle-
boro, Vt. , Aug. 16, 1826. In 1794 he was judge
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and in 1800
Chief Justice. He wrote the first American
play to be acted by regular comedians: “The
Contrast,' produced in 1786 at New York.
He also wrote: (May-Day: A Comedy' (1787);
(The Georgia Spec. ; or, Land in the Moon
(1797); “The Algerine Captive) (1799); Moral
Tales for American Youths); (The Yankee
in London); and contributed many sketches,
verses, and essays to various journals and mag-
azines.
Tylor, Edward Burnett. An English writer
on the early history of civilization; born at
Camberwell, Oct. 2, 1832. He wrote: Ana-
huac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans) ( 1861 );
Early History of Mankind and of Civilization)
(1865; 3d ed. 1878); Primitive Culture : Re-
searches into the Development of Mythology,
Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom (1871;
3d ed. 1891); (Anthropology (1881).
Tyndall, John. A British physicist and
writer on science; born at Leighlin Bridge, near
Ca w, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1820; died at Hasle.
mere, Surrey, England, Dec. 4, 1893. He studied
## p. 536 (#552) ############################################
536
TYNG-L'BICINI
(
in Germany; in 1850 he published in the Philo-
sophical Magazine Discoveries in Magnetism.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
in 1852; professor of natural philosophy at the
Royal Institution in 1853, and in 1867 its super-
intendent. He was the first to climb the Weiss-
horn, and subsequently reached the summit of
the Matterhorn; and published: (Philosophical
Transactions in Glaciers of the Alps) (1860);
Mountaineering in 1861) (1862); and Hours
of Exercise in the Alps) (1871). Heat Con-
sidered as a Mode of Motion appeared in
1863; Dust and Disease, 1870. In 1872
he lectured in the United States : the profits
he devoted as a fund. (in aid of students
who devote themselves to original research. ”
Besides the works mentioned, he published :
(Sound: A Course of Eight Lectures) (2d ed.
1875); (Faraday as a Discoverer) (1868); “Nine
Lectures on Light (1870); Essays on the
Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science)
(1871); (The Forms of Water in Clouds and
Rivers, Ice and Glaciers) (1872); Essays on
the Floating Matter of the Air) (1881); and
New Fragments) (1892); besides many others.
He received honorary degrees from the Univer.
sities of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and was
made D. C. L. by Oxford. *
Tyng, Stephen Higginson. A prominent
American clergyman, long rector of St. George's
Church, New York; born in Newburyport,
Mass. , March 1, 1800; died in Irvington, N. Y. ,
Sept. 4, 1885. For several years he edited the
Episcopal Recorder, the Protestant Church-
man, etc. , and he published in book form many
volumes; among them : Lectures on the Law
and Gospel (1832 ); Sermons) (1839-52 );
(Recollections of England (1847); “The Israel
of God' (1854); (Christ Is All (1852); “The
Rich Kinsman) (1856); Forty Years' Experi-
ence in Sunday Schools) (1860); 'The Prayer
Book) (1863-67).
Tyrtæus (tir-tē'us).
can author and novelist; born in New Haven,
Conn. , in 1836. She has edited Arthur's Home
Magazine, has contributed to many journals and
magazines, and written many popular novels.
Among these are: “While It Was Morning)
(1859); (Amy Deane, and Other Tales) (1862);
(The Well in the Rock,' etc. (1863); (The Battle-
Fields of our Fathers) (1864); Janet Strong
(1865); Darryl Gap) (1866); (The Hollands)
(1869); (One Woman's Two Lovers) (1872);
(Elizabeth Tudor) (1874); (Only Girls) (1876);
(Six in All' (1878); and (Our Presidents' (1888).
Toy, Crawford Howell. An American L'ni-
tarian clergyman and scholar; born in Norfolk,
Va. , March 23, 1836. He has been professor of
Hebrew at Harvard University since 1880. He
has written : (History of the Religion of Israel
(1882); (Quotations in the New Testament)
(1884); (Judaism and Christianity : Progress of
Thought from the Old Testament to the New)
(1890).
Traill, Catherine Parr (Strickland). An
English writer, sister of Agnes; born in Kent,
Jan. 9, 1802. She removed to Canada in 1833
## p. 531 (#547) ############################################
TRAILL-TRESCOT
531
:
and has made her home for many years at
Lakefield, Ont. Among her works are : (The
Backwoods of Canada) (London, 1835); (Cana.
dian Crusoes) (1852); “Ramblings in the Cana-
dian Forests) (1854); Afar in the Forest)
(1869); (Studies of Plant Life) (1884); "Pearls
and Pebbles) (1895).
Traill, Henry Duff. An English journalist
and man of letters; born at Blackheath, Aug.
14, 1842; graduated from St. John's, Oxford,
1864. He was called to the bar in 1868, but
soon took to literature. He has written (Lives)
of Strafford (a very original work with a new
view), William III. , Sterne, Coleridge, and
others; also Central Government) (1881); Re-
captured Rhymes) (1882); “The New Lucian)
(1884); (Two Proper Prides;) etc. He has
lately edited (Social England: A Record of the
Progress of the People, in six large volumes;
and been made (1897) editor of the weekly
review Literature.
Train, Elizabeth Phipps. An American
novelist; born in 1857. Among her works are :
(Dr. Lamar); (Autobiography of a Professional
Beauty); (A Social Highwayman); (A Marital
Liability); and translations from the French,
(The Shadow of Dr. Laroque); (Recollections
of the Court of the Tuileries.
Train, George Francis. An American lect-
urer and writer, noted for his eccentricities;
born in Boston, March 24, 1829; traveled ex-
tensively in early life; lectured in Great Britain
and Ireland, returning to this country in 1862.
He has written : (An American Merchant in
Europe, Asia, and Australia) ( 1857 ); “Young
America Abroad' ( 1857 ); “Young America in
Wall Street) (1858); “Spread-Eagleism' (1859);
(Every Man his own Autocrat) (1859); (Observ-
ations on Street Railways); (Union Speeches)
(1862); Downfall of England) (1865); and
(Championship of Woman) (1868).
Treat, Mrs. Mary Lea Adelia (Davis)
(Allen). An American naturalist; born 18–.
She has written : "Chapters on Ants); (Home
Studies in Nature); Injurious Insects of the
Farm and Garden); (My Garden Pets. )
Treitschke, Heinrich Gotthard von (tritsh'-
kė). A German historian ; born at Dresden,
Sept. 15. 1834; died at Berlin, April 28, 1896.
He wrote: (The Science of Society) (1859).
His chief work is "German History in the 19th
Century) (5 vols. , 1879-94). He wrote also:
(Historical and Political Disquisitions) (1865);
"Socialism and its Supporters) (1878); (A Word
on our Jewry) (1890); Biographical and His-
torical Discussions) (1897).
Trelawny, Edward John. An English au-
thor of celebrity ; born in Cornwall, March 10,
1792 ; died at Sompting, Sussex, Aug. 13, 1881.
He is remembered as a picturesque and some-
what theatrical adventurer (supposed to be
drawn by Byron in (The Corsair), the friend
of Byron, Shelley, etc. , and Byron's companion
(1823) in the Greek war of liberation. He
wrote a novel called Adventures of a Younger
Son) (1830); but his best-known work is (Recol-
lections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron)
(1858), reissued in 1878 as (Records of Byron,
Shelley, and the Author. His body was cre-
mated, and the ashes interred near Shelley's
at Rome. His portrait is preserved in Millais's
painting (The Northwest Passage. )
Trembecki, Stanislav (trem-betsʻkē). A
Polish poet; born near Cracow, about 1723;
died at Tulczyn in Podolia, Dec. 12, 1812. His
most considerable poem, Zofijovka,' is a de-
scription of a park laid out by the poet's patron,
Count Potocki, for his wife Sophia.
Trench, Richard Chenevix. An eminent
British philologist and essayist; born in Dub-
lin, Sept. 9, 1807; died in London, March 28,
1886. He was dean of Westminster 1856-63;
archbishop of Dublin from 1864. He was noted
in philology, on which he wrote Deficiencies
in our English Dictionaries. ) Among many
other works may be mentioned : (Poems from
Eastern Sources) (1842 ); «Elegiac Poems)
(1846); Poems Collected and Arranged Anew)
(1865); Notes on the Parables of our Lord)
(1841; 15th ed. 1884); Notes on the Mir-
acles of our Lord) (1846, 13th ed. 1886); (On
the Study of Words) (1851, 15th ed. 1874 );
(English Past and Present) (1855-81); (The
Authorized Version of the New Testament, in
Connection with some Recent Proposals for Its
Revision) (1858); (Select Glossary of English
Words Used Formerly in Senses Different from
their Present' (1859); “Studies on the Gospels)
(1867); Lectures on Mediæval Church His-
tory) (1877). He edited several volumes of
poetry, and (Remains of the Late Mrs. Richard
Trench,' his mother (1862).
Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf (tren'de-
len-börs'). A German philosopher; born at
Eutin, Nov. 30, 1802; died at Berlin, Jan. 24,
1872. He set forth the ethical aspect of his
philosophy in the treatise (The Ethical Idea
of Right and Law,' and the æsthetic aspect in
(Niobe ) ( 1846 ) and (The Cathedral of Cologne)
(1853). He wrote also Natural Justice on the
Ground of Ethics) (2d ed. 1860).
Trent, William Peterfield. An American
man of letters, dean of the department of arts
and sciences and professor of English and of
history in the University of the South; born
1862. He has made a special study of South-
ern men and times, and has published: (Life
of William Gilmore Simms); English Culture
in Virginia); (Southern Statesmen of the Old
Régime) (1897).
Trescot, William Henry. An American
diplomatist; born in Charleston, S. C. , Nov. 10,
1822. He was United States counsel at the
Halifax Fishery Commission in 1877 ; special
envoy to South America in 1881; and pleni-
potentiary with General Grant to negotiate a
treaty with Mexico in 1882. He is the author
of Foreign Policy of the United States) (1849);
(Diplomacy of the Revolution (1852); (An
(
## p. 532 (#548) ############################################
532
TREVELYAN - TROUBETZKOI
>
American View of the Eastern Question) (1854);
(Diplomatic History of the Administrations of
Washington and Adams) (1857); besides vari.
ous memoirs, addresses, and pamphlets.
Trevelyan, Charles Edward, Sir. An Eng-
lish statesman and writer; born April 2, 1807;
died in London, June 19, 1886. He was Assist-
ant Secretary to the Treasury, 1840; finance
minister in India, 1862–65. He married Lord
Macaulay's sister. He wrote: (Education of
the People of Ireland) (1838); (The Irish
Crisis) (1848); (The Purchase System in the
British Army) (1867); (The British Army in
1868) (1869 ); (Christianity and Hinduism
(1881); etc.
Trevelyan, George Otto, Sir. An English
statesman and author, son of Sir Charles Tre-
velyan and Hannah Macaulay; born at Rothley
Temple, Leicestershire, July 20, 1838. He was
secretary for Scotland, 1885-86, and again 1892-
95. Among his writings are : (Letters of a Com-
petition Wallah) (1864); (Cawnpore) (1865);
(The Ladies in Parliament, and Other Pieces)
(1869); Life of Lord Macaulay) (1876); Early
History of Charles James Fox) (1880).
Trochu, Louis Jules (tro-shü'). A distin-
guished French soldier; born at Palais in
Morbihan, May 12, 1815; died at Tours, Oct.
7, 1896. He wrote: (The Empire and the De-
fense of Paris) (1872); For Truth and Justice)
(1873); (Politics and the Siege of Paris) (1874);
"Society, the State, and the Army) (1896).
Trogus. Pompeius, or Pompeius Trogus
(trö'gus pom-pē’us). A Roman historian of
the Augustan age. Drawing principally on
Greek sources, he wrote a universal history
from Ninus to his own time, which he called
(Philippian Histories, because the fortunes of
Philip of Macedon and his line formed the
central point of the narrative : all that remains
of its 44 books is the table of contents and
some few fragments.
Trollope, Anthony. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, April 24, 1815;
died there, Dec. 6, 1882. He published: (The
Macdermots of Ballydoran) (1847); “The Kellys
and the O'Kellys) (1848); "La Vendée) (1850);
(The Warden) (1855); Barchester Towers)
(1857); (The Three Clerks) (1857); Doctor
Thorne) (1858); “The Bertrams) (1859); “The
West Indies and the Spanish Main' (1859);
(Castle Richmond (1860); Framley Parsonage)
(1861); (Tales of All Countries) (1861); "Orley
Farm' (1862); (The Struggles of Brown, Jones,
and Robinson' (1862); North America' (1862);
'Rachel Ray) (1863); (The Small House at
Allington (1864); (The Belton Estate) (1864);
(Hunting Sketches) (1864); "Can You Forgive
Her ? ) ( 1865); (Miss Mackenzie) (1865); (Cler-
gymen of the Church of England' (1866);
(Traveling Sketches) (1866); (Lotta Schmidt,
and Other Stories) (1867); (The Claverings)
(1867); “The Last Chronicle of Barset) (1867);
Nina Balatka! (anonymous: 1867); Linda
Tressel) (do. : 1868); (British Sports and Pas-
times) (edited : 1868); (Phineas Finn, the Irish
Member' (1869); He Knew He Was Right)
(1869); (Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite)
(1870); (An Editor's Tales) (1870); (The Vicar
of Bullhampton) (1870); Cæsar's Comment-
aries) (edited : 1870); Mary Gresley) (1871);
(Ralph the Heir) (1871); «The Eustace Dia-
monds) (1872); (The Golden Lion of Gran.
père) (1872); (Australia and New Zealand)
(1873); Phineas Redux' (1873); (Harry Heath-
cote of Gangoil) (1874); (South Australia and
Western Australia,' (Victoria and Tasmania,
and New South Wales and Queensland' (all
1874); Lady Anna) (1874); (The Way we
Live Now' (1875); (The Prime Minister'(1876);
(The American Senator (1877); “South Africa
(1877); "Is he Popenjoy ? ) (1878); (John Cal-
digate! (1879); An Eye for an Eye) (1879);
(Cousin Henry) (1879); (Thackeray) in (Eng.
lish Men of Letters) (1879); (The Duke's
Children' (1880); Life of Cicero) (1880);
Ayala's Angel' (1881); (Dr. Wortle's School
(1881); "Why Frau Frohmann Raised her
Prices, and Other Stories) (1881); (The Fixed
Period (1882); (Kept in the Dark) (1882);
(Lord Palmerstond in English Political Lead-
ers) (1882); Marion Fay) (1882); Mr. Scar.
borough's Family) (1883). Posthumously ap-
peared: his Autobiography) (1883); (The
Land Leaguers) (1883, unfinished); and (An
Old Man's Love) (1884). *
Trollope, Frances M. An English author,
mother of Anthony; born in Hampshire, about
1778; died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. In
1829 she visited America, and afterwards pub-
lished a volume entitled Domestic Manners of
the Americans) (1831). She followed this with
the novel (The Refugee in America) (1832).
Among her other works are: (The Abbess)
(1833); “Tremordyn Cliff) (1835); “The Barna-
bys in America (1843); (Life and Adventures
of a Clever Woman (1854); and ( Fashionable
Life; or, Paris and London (1856).
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, elder brother
of Anthony; born April 29, 1810; died at Clif-
ton, Nov. II, 1892. He was a constant con-
tributor to English periodicals, and was Italian
correspondent of the New York Tribune.
Among his many books are: (A Summer
in Brittany) (1840); (A Summer in Western
France) (1841); "La Beata) (1861); (Marietta
(1862); (Beppo the Conscript' (1864); Lindis.
farn Chase ) (1864); (History of the Common-
wealth of Florence' (4 vols. , 1865); (Dream
Numbers) (1868); (A Siren (1870); Life of
Pius IX. (1877); (Sketches from French His-
tory) (1878); (What I Remember) (1887-89).
Troubetzkoi, Mrs. Amélie (Rives) (Chan-
ler) (trö-bets’koi). An American novelist ; born
in Virginia, Aug. 23, 1863. She has lived abroad
since her second marriage. She has written :
(A Brother to Dragons, and Other Tales) (1888);
( The Quick or the Dead ? ) (1888); (Barbara
Dering); (The Witness of the Sun); Herod
and Mariamne: Drama'; Virginia of Vir-
ginia); (Athelwold); etc.
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
TROWBRIDGE – TUCKER
533
Trowbridge, John Townsend. An Amer-
ican poet, novelist, and general writer; born in
Ogden, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1827. His first poems,
(The Vagabonds, At Sea, (The Pewee,'
etc. , appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, also the
story (Coupon Bonds. Among his numerous
novels, tales of adventure, etc. , are: (Father
Brighthopes) (1853); ( Hearts and Faces) (1853);
(Martin Merrivale) (1855); Neighbor Jack-
wood’ (1857); (The Old Battle-Ground' (1859);
(The Drummer Boy) (1863); Cudjo's Cave)
(1864); ( The Three Scouts' (1865); “Lucy Arlyn)
(1800); (Coupon Bonds) (1866); Neighbors'
Wives) (1867); (The Story of Columbus) (1867);
(The Jack Hazard Series) (1871-75); (The
Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems) (1875);
(The Silver Medal Series) (1877-82); (The
Book of Gold, and Other Poems) (1878); (A
Home Idyl, etc. (1881); ( The Tide-Mill Series)
(1882-87); "The Lost Earl) (1888).
True, Charles Kittridge. An American edu-
cator and historical writer; born in Portland,
Me. , Aug. 14, 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
Jan. 20, 1878. He was pastor of various Metho-
dist churches, and subsequently professor of
intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan University
(1849-60). He was the author of (Elements of
Logic) (1840); (Shawmut; or, The Settlement
of Boston) (1845); (John Winthrop) (1875);
(Sir Walter Raleigh) (1878); “Life and Times
of John Knox) (1878); Memoirs of John How-
ard) (1878); (The Thirty Years' War) (1879);
(Heroes of Holland) (1882).
Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de (trwā'bä ē
kös'yo). A Spanish poet; born at Santander,
1798; died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1835. He wrote
several comedies, as "The Fickle One) and
Marrying on 60,000 Duros. He wrote in Eng-
lish several historical novels, among them
Gomez Arias) (1828), and "The Castilian)
(1829); and also in English, (Lives of Cortés
and Pizarro (1830) and the historical drama
(The Royal Delinquent. The most successful
of his works was "Paris and London (1833),
a portraiture of manners and morals.
Trumbull, Gurdon. An American ornitholo-
gist, brother of H. C. and J. H. ; born in
Stonington, Conn. , May 5, 1841. He has pub-
lished (American Game Birds; or, Names and
Portraits of Birds, with Descriptions) (1888. )
Trumbull, Henry Clay. An American edi.
tor, author, and lecturer; born in Stonington,
Conn. , June 8, 1831. He was army chaplain
1862–65; afterwards secretary of the American
Sunday School Union, 1865-72; and since 1875
editor of the Sunday School Times. He has
published many books, including : Army Ser-
mons) (1864); (The Knightly Soldier) (1865);
(A Useful Life,' etc. (1866); (The Captured
Scout) (1869); (Children in the Temple) (1809);
(A Model Superintendent) (1880); Kadesh-
Barnea) (1884); (Teaching and Teachers )
(1884); (The Blood Covenant) (1885); Vale
Lectures on the Sunday School) (1888); (Studies
in Oriental Social fe) (1894); etc.
Trumbull, James Hammond. An American
philologist and librarian, brother of H. C. ; born
in Stonington, Conn. , Dec. 20, 1821 ; died in
Hartford, Conn. , 1897. He was Secretary of
State of Connecticut during the War, 1861–64,
and held many honorable posts connected with
historical and educational associations. He
was president of the American Philological
Association 1874-75. He made the Indian
languages of North America a special study;
is the acknowledged authority on the Algonkin
tongues; and published many essays on Indian
philology. He was a frequent contributor to
proceedings of historical societies. Among his
works are: (The Colonial Records of Con-
necticut' (1850-59); Historical Notes on some
Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes) (1860-
61); (The Composition of Indian Geographical
Names) (1870); (Historical Notes on the Con-
stitution of Connecticut (1872); (The True
Blue-Laws of Connecticut,' etc. (1876). He
edited (The Memorial History of Hartford
County) (1886). His knowledge of books was
vast; as a shrewd collector and book-buyer
he had few superiors; and his name is asso.
ciated with the sale of the “Brinley Library,
and with the Watkinson Library at Hartford.
Trumbull, John. An American poet and
lawyer, famous in his day as a satirist; born
in Westbury, Conn. , April 24, 1750; died at
Detroit, Mich. , May 10, 1831.
He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
ity. In “The Progress of Dulness) (1772-73) he
satirized contemporary methods of education ;
but he won his greatest fame with McFingal
(1775-82), a satire on the loyalists of the
Revolution time, written in Hudibrastic verse.
Thirty pirated editions are said to have been
sold; and some of its lines are still «familiar
quotations popularly credited to 'Hudibras.
Later he was associated with Joel Barlow and
others in the production of "The Anarchiad
(1786-87). His “Poetical Works) were pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn. , in 1820.
Trumpp, Ernst (trömp). A German Ori-
entalist; born at Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, March
13, 1828; died at Munich, April 5, 1885. His
principal work is (The Adi Granth; or, The
Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, Translated from
the Original Gurmukhi) (1877). He wrote
also : (The Language of the so-called Caffres
in the Hindu Caucasus); (Sindi Literature :
The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif) (1866); (The Bap-
tism Book of the Ethiopian Church (1876).
Tschudi, Johann Jakob von (tshö'dē). A
Swiss naturalist and traveler; born at Glarus,
July 25, 1818; died at Jakobshof in Lower
Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. He traveled extensively
in South America in 1838-43, and again in
1857–61. He wrote: (The Kechua Language)
(1853); Peru: Sketches of Travel' (1846); Pe-
ruvian Antiquities) (1851); (Travels in South
America) (5 vols. , 1866-69).
Tucker, George. An American lawyer, ed-
ucator, and author; born in Bermuda in 1775;
(
## p. 534 (#550) ############################################
534
TUCKER --TURNBULL
(
died in Albemarle County, Va. , April 10, 1861.
He was a Member of Congress, 1819-25. For
twenty years he was professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Virginia (1825-45).
He wrote for many journals and periodicals:
was the author of Letters on the Conspiracy
of Slaves in Virginia) (1800); “Essays on Sub.
jects of Taste, etc. (1822); «The Valley of the
Shenandoah) (1824), a novel; Principles of
Rent, Wages, and Profits) (1837); "Life of
Thomas Jefferson' ( 1837 ); History of the
United States from their Colonization to 1841)
(4 vols. , 1856-58); “Banks or No Banks) (1857);
and (Essays, Moral and Philosophical' (1860).
Tucker, William Jowett. An American
educator and clergyman; born at Griswold,
Conn. , July 13, 1839. He was professor at Ando-
ver Seminary until 1893, and since then presi.
dent of Dartmouth College. He has written
(The New Movement in Humanity. '
Tuckerman, Bayard. An American writer;
born in New York in 1855. His works include
(A History of English Prose Fiction (1882);
"Life of Lafayette); (William Jay and the Abo-
lition of Slavery); Life of Peter Stuyvesant. '
Tuckerman, Henry Theodore. An Amer-
ican author and critic, of much note in his
day; born in Boston, April 20, 1813; died in
New York, Dec. 17, 1871. His works include:
(The Italian Sketch Book) (1835); Isabel ;
or, Sicily) (1839); Rambles and Reveries)
(1841); 'Thoughts on the Poets) (1846); (Artist
Life) (1847); (Characteristics of Literature)
(1849-51); (The Optimist) (1850); Poems)
(1851);( Memorial of Horatio Greenough'(1853);
(Bibliographical Essays) (1857); (Art in Amer-
ical (1858); (The Book of the Artists) (1867);
(The Collector : Essays) (1868). He edited
with William Smith A Smaller History of
English and American Literature) (1870).
Tulloch, John. A Scottish educator and
ecclesiastical writer; born near Tibbermuir,
Perthshire, June 1, 1823; died at Torquay, Eng.
land, Feb. 13, 1886. He published: (Leaders
of the Reformation) (1859); English Puri-
tanism and its Leaders) (1861); Beginning
Life) (1862); «The Christ of the Gospels and
the Christ of Modern Criticism); Lectures
on Renan's Life of Jesus) (1864); (Theology
and Greek Philosophy in England in the 17th
Century) (1872); (Pascal) (1878); (Movements
in Religious Thought in Britain during the
19th Century) (1885); and several volumes of
sermons. He gained the second Burnett prize
of £600 for an essay (On the Being and Attri-
butes of God,' which was published under the
title (Theism: The Witness of Reason and
Nature to an All-Wise and Beneficent Creator)
(1855). He also did much review work, and
wrote (The Wigtown Martyrs Proved to be
Myths.
Tupper, Martin Farquhar. An English
poet; born in London, July 17, 1810; died at
Albury, Surrey, Nov. 29, 1889. In 1838 he
issued the work by which he is best known,
(Proverbial Philosophy,' which had an im-
mense circulation. He wrote other volumes
of prose and verse : Hactenus : A Budget of
Lyrics'; (Ballads for the Time); (Stephen
Langton; or, The Days of King John); Prob-
abilities); (An Aid to Faith'; My Life as an
Author. He twice visited the United States,
and in 1875 wrote a drama in honor of the
centenary of American independence.
Tupy, Eugen (to'pē). [“Voleslav Jablonsky. ”]
A Czech poet; born at Kardasch-Rzetschitz,
Jan. 14, 1813; died at Cracow, March 1881. He
is one of the foremost of Bohemian lyrists, and
his 'Love Songs) in particular are held in great
popular favor. He also wrote the didactic poem
(The Father's Wisdom. '
Turgeneff, Ivan (tör-gān'yef). A celebrated
Russian novelist; born in Orel, Nov. 9, 1818;
died in Bougival, near Paris, Sept. 3, 1883.
His works include: Poems) (1841); (Para-
scha) (1843); Improvidence) (1843); Andrei
Kolosov) (1844); Andrei? (1845), a volume
of poems; “The Conversation (1845); (The
Landlord '(1846); (Three Portraits) (1846);
(Khor and Kalinych) (1847); “The Bully'(1847);
(Dimitri Rudin) (1852); “Two Friends' (1853);
(Quiet Life) (1854); “Rudin) (1856); (Faust)
(1856); (Asja' (1858); (A Nest of Noblemen
(1859), also translated as "Lisa'; (First Love)
(1860); “Hamlet and Don Quixote (1800); On
the Eve' (1862); Fathers and Sons) (1862);
(Visions) (1863); (The Dog) (1863? ); "Story
of Lieutenant Jergunov) (1864); (The Brig-
adier) (1866); (Smoke) (1867); (An Unfortu.
nate) (1868); (A Strange Tale) (1869); (A King
Lear of the Steppe) (1870); (Knock! Knock!
Knock! ' (1870); Pegasus (1871); 'Chertopcha-
nov's End' (1872); (Punin and Baburin' (1874);
(The Living Skeleton (1875); (The Watch)
(1875); (Some One Knocks) (1875); "The
Dream) (1876); New) (1877), also translated
as (Virgin Soil';'Father Alexei's Story) (1877);
(Song of Triumphant Love' (1881); (The Old
Portraits) (1882); (The Despairing One' (1882);
(Poems in Prose' (1882); Klara Milich' (1883);
(The Conflagration at Sea? (1883). *
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de
l'Aulne (tör-go'). An eminent French polit.
ical economist and statesman; born at Paris,
May 10, 1727; died there, March 8, 1781. He
was minister of finance under Louis XVI. In
political economy he was one of the chief rep-
resentatives of the Physiocrat school (see Ques-
nay). It was he who said of Franklin in a
Latin hexameter), he wrested the lightning
from the sky and the sceptre from tyrants. ”
Turnbull, Robert. A Scottish-American Bap-
tist pastor, editor, and author; born in Scot-
land, Sept. 10, 1809; came to the United States
in 1833; died Nov. 20, 1877, in Hartford, Conn. ,
where he was many years a pastor. He was
editor of the Christian Review for two years.
Among his many books are: (The Theatre
(1840); (Olympia Morata) (1842); (The Genius
of Scotland) (1847); (The Genius of Italy)
(1849); (Theophany' (1851); Pulpit Orators
## p. 535 (#551) ############################################
TURNER- TYNDALL
535
of France and Switzerland) (1853); (The Stu-
dent Preacher) (1854); (The World We Live
In) (1855); (Christ in History) (1856); "Life
Pictures; or, Sketches from a Pastor's Note-
Book) (1857).
Turner, Charles Tennyson. An English
poet, brother of Alfred Tennyson; born at Som-
ersby, Lincolnshire, July 4, 1808 ; died at Chel-
tenham, April 25, 1879. He assumed the name
of Turner (1835) by royal license, having in-
herited some property from his great-uncle,
Rev. Samuel Turner. Besides (Poems of Two
Brothers,' written in collaboration with Alfred,
he wrote: (Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces) (1830);
(Sonnets) (1864); "Small Tableaux) (1868);
(Sonnets, Lyrics, and Translations) (1873);
(Collected Sonnets, Old and New) (1880). *
Turner, Sharon. An English historian; born
at London, Sept. 24, 1768; died there, Feb. 13,
1847. He wrote: “History of the Anglo-Saxons)
(4 vols. , 1799-1805; 7th ed. , 3 vols. , 1852); (His-
tory of England during the Middle Ages) (3
vols. , 1814-23; 7th ed. , 4 vols. , 1853); Modern
History of England,' comprising (The Reign
of Henry VIII. (1826) and (The Reigns of
Edward VI. , Mary, and Elizabeth) (1829); “Sa-
cred History of the World) (3 vols. , 1832); and
a volume of miscellaneous essays, poems, etc.
Tusser, Thomas. An English poet; born at
Rivenhall, Essex, about 1515; died in London,
about April 1580. He was the author of Five
Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, United
to as many of Good Housewifery,' etc. (1573),
in verse, with metrical autobiography; chiefly
valuable for its picture of the manners and
domestic life of the English farmer.
Tuttiett, Mary G. (tut'i-et). [“Maxwell
Grey. )) An English novelist; born in the
Isle of Wight, 18. -, and resides there. She has
written: "The Broken Tryst) (1879); (The
Silence of Dean Maitland) (1886); (The Re-
proach of Annesley) (1889).
Twain, Mark. See Clemens.
Twesten, Karl (tves'ten). A German mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Kiel; died at Ber-
lin, Oct. 14, 1870. He wrote: (Schiller in his
Relation to Science) (1863); Machiavelli?
(1868); (The Religious, Political, and Social
Ideas of the Civilized Peoples of Asia and
Egypt) (2 vols. , 1872).
Twichell, Joseph Hopkins. An American
Congregational clergyman, and writer of bio.
graphy; born in Connecticut, 183–. He has
published Life of John Winthrop); and ed-
ited (Some Old Puritan Love Letters.
Twiss, Sir Travers. A celebrated English
writer and authority on international law ; born
1809; died 189-. He resigned all his important
offices in 1872. He published: (View of the
Progress of Political Economy since the 16th
Century) (1847); Lectures on International
Law) (1856); (The Law of Nations) (1861);
(Law of Nations in Times of War' (1863);
( Monumenta Juridica) (1871-76); “Belligerent
Right on the High Seas) (1884).
Tycho Brahe (ti'ko brä'ę). An illustrious
Danish astronomer; born at Knudstrup, Dec.
24, 1546; died at Prague, Oct. 24, 1601. In
(On the New Star) (1573) he treats of the
star discovered by him in Cassiopeia. His other
writings, most of which were published post-
humously, include : (Astronomical Works);-Me-
chanical Astronomy); (Astronomical Letters. '
Tychsen, Olaus Gerhard (tich'sen). A Ger-
man Orientalist; born at Tondern, Dec. 14,
1734; died at Rostock, Dec. 30, 1815. His
greatest work is (Leisure Hours at Bützow)
(6 vols. , 1766-69), a valuable repertory of Jew-
ish history and erudition. He also wrote:
(Elements of Arabic) (1792); Elements of
Syriac) (1793); (Syriac Natural Science) (1795).
Tychsen, Thomas Christian. A German
Orientalist ; born at Horsbyll, Silesia, May 8,
1758; died Oct. 23, 1834, at Göttingen, where
he was professor of theology. He wrote:
(Principles of Hebrew Archæology) (1789);
(Grammar of Literary Arabic) (1823); and
several essays on Numismatics,' (Palæogra-
phy,' (The Poetry of the Arabs, etc.
Tyler, Moses Coit. An American educator
and author; born in Griswold, Conn. , Aug. 2,
1835. He graduated at Yale in 1857; and was
pastor of a Congregational church 1860-62.
From 1867 to 1881 he was professor in the
University of Michigan; and since then has
been professor of American history in Cornell
University. He has published: (Brawnville
Papers) (1868); (History of American Litera-
ture) (1878); (Manual of English Literature
(1879); "Life of Patrick Henry) (1887); Lit.
erary History of the American Revolution,
1763-83' (2 vols. , 1887); (Three Men of Let-
ters) (1895).
Tyler, Royall. An American jurist and au.
thor; born in Boston, 1757 ; died in Brattle-
boro, Vt. , Aug. 16, 1826. In 1794 he was judge
of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and in 1800
Chief Justice. He wrote the first American
play to be acted by regular comedians: “The
Contrast,' produced in 1786 at New York.
He also wrote: (May-Day: A Comedy' (1787);
(The Georgia Spec. ; or, Land in the Moon
(1797); “The Algerine Captive) (1799); Moral
Tales for American Youths); (The Yankee
in London); and contributed many sketches,
verses, and essays to various journals and mag-
azines.
Tylor, Edward Burnett. An English writer
on the early history of civilization; born at
Camberwell, Oct. 2, 1832. He wrote: Ana-
huac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans) ( 1861 );
Early History of Mankind and of Civilization)
(1865; 3d ed. 1878); Primitive Culture : Re-
searches into the Development of Mythology,
Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom (1871;
3d ed. 1891); (Anthropology (1881).
Tyndall, John. A British physicist and
writer on science; born at Leighlin Bridge, near
Ca w, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1820; died at Hasle.
mere, Surrey, England, Dec. 4, 1893. He studied
## p. 536 (#552) ############################################
536
TYNG-L'BICINI
(
in Germany; in 1850 he published in the Philo-
sophical Magazine Discoveries in Magnetism.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
in 1852; professor of natural philosophy at the
Royal Institution in 1853, and in 1867 its super-
intendent. He was the first to climb the Weiss-
horn, and subsequently reached the summit of
the Matterhorn; and published: (Philosophical
Transactions in Glaciers of the Alps) (1860);
Mountaineering in 1861) (1862); and Hours
of Exercise in the Alps) (1871). Heat Con-
sidered as a Mode of Motion appeared in
1863; Dust and Disease, 1870. In 1872
he lectured in the United States : the profits
he devoted as a fund. (in aid of students
who devote themselves to original research. ”
Besides the works mentioned, he published :
(Sound: A Course of Eight Lectures) (2d ed.
1875); (Faraday as a Discoverer) (1868); “Nine
Lectures on Light (1870); Essays on the
Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science)
(1871); (The Forms of Water in Clouds and
Rivers, Ice and Glaciers) (1872); Essays on
the Floating Matter of the Air) (1881); and
New Fragments) (1892); besides many others.
He received honorary degrees from the Univer.
sities of Cambridge and Edinburgh, and was
made D. C. L. by Oxford. *
Tyng, Stephen Higginson. A prominent
American clergyman, long rector of St. George's
Church, New York; born in Newburyport,
Mass. , March 1, 1800; died in Irvington, N. Y. ,
Sept. 4, 1885. For several years he edited the
Episcopal Recorder, the Protestant Church-
man, etc. , and he published in book form many
volumes; among them : Lectures on the Law
and Gospel (1832 ); Sermons) (1839-52 );
(Recollections of England (1847); “The Israel
of God' (1854); (Christ Is All (1852); “The
Rich Kinsman) (1856); Forty Years' Experi-
ence in Sunday Schools) (1860); 'The Prayer
Book) (1863-67).
Tyrtæus (tir-tē'us).
