) In an anatomical treatise which
is attributed to different persons in different MSS.
is attributed to different persons in different MSS.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
ad an.
995.
)
6. A Macedonian officer in the service of An- 2. Coccinus, patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE a
tigonus, who was employed by him in B. c. 319, man of great and deserved renown. He was pro-
to endeavour by bribes and promises to corrupt bably born in the beginning of the 14th century,
the Argyraspids in the service of Eumenes, and and early took the monastic habit. After living
especially their leaders Antigenes and Tentamus. for a considerable time as a monk in, and after
But his efforts were unavailing : Teutamus was wards superior of, the content of St. Laura on
tempted for a moment, but was recalled to the Mount Sinai, he was appointed archbishop of
path of duty by his firmer-minded collengue, and Heracleia (before 1354). In 1355 he was em-
the Argyraspids continued faithful. (Diod. xviii. ployed by the emperor John Cantacuzenus in
62, 63. )
bringing about a reconciliation between Michael,
7. An officer in the service of Antiochus the the son, and John Palaeologus, the son-in-law of
Great, who commanded the garrison of Abydos in the emperor ; and in the same year he was chosen
the war against the Romans. He was besieged by patriarch of Constantinople, in the place of Cal-
the Roman feet under C. Livius (B. c. 190), and listus, who, however, recovered his see after John
was desirous to capitulate ; but before the terms Palaeologus had taken possession of Constantinople.
could be agreed upon, the news of the defeat of the Callistus, however, died soon afterwards, and now
Rhodian fleet under Pamphilidas caused Livius to Philotheus was once more placed on the patri-
withdraw in all haste in order to oppose Polyxen- archal chair, which post he occupied with great
idas. (Liv. xxxvii. 12. )
[E. H. B. ] dignity till 137) according to Cave, or 1376 ac-
PHILO'TAS (inctas), a dithyrambic poet cording to the Chronologia reformata of J. B. Ric-
and musician, the disciple of Philoxenus, is only cioli quoted by Fabricius. We give below the titles
worthy of notice as having once gained a victory of the most important of the numerous works of
over his great contemporary Timotheus. (Bode, Philotheus, very few of which have been published.
Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtkunst, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. ! . Liturgia et Ordo instituendi Diaconum, printed
324. )
(P. S. ) in Latin in the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pal. Maa, 2.
PHILOTAS (! Aras), a physician of Am- Libri XV. Antirrhetici, a defence of his friend the
phissa in Locris, who was born about the middle celebrated Palama, extant in different libraries.
of the first century B. C. He studied at Alexan- | 3. Sermo Encomiasticus in tres Hierarchas, Basi-
dria, and was in that city at the same time with lium, Gregorium Theologum, et Joannem Chrysos-
the triumvir Antony, of whose profusion and ex- tomum, Latin, in the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pat. Mar. ,
travagance he was an eye-witness. He became Gr. and Lat. . by Jac. Pontanus, together with
acquainted with the triumvir's son Antyllus, with Philippi Solitarii Dioptra, Ingolstadt, 1604, 8vo. ;
whom he sometimes supped, about B. C. 30. On one by Fronto Ducaeus, in the 2d vol. of Auctuar. Patr.
occasion, when a certain physician had been annoy: Paris, 1624. 3. Oratio de Cruce, Gr. and Lat.
ing the company by his logical sophisms and for apud Gretser. De Cruce, Ingolstadt, 1616, fol. ,
ward behaviour, Philotas silenced him at last with vol. ii. ; there is another Oratio de Cruce, in the
the following syllogism :-“ Cold water is to be same yolume, which is attributed by some to our
given in a certain fever ; but every one who has a Philotheus. 4. Oratio in tertiam Jejuniorum Do-
fever has a certain fever ; therefore cold water is minicam, Gr. and Lat. ibid. 5. Refutatio Anathe
to be given in all fevers ;" which so pleased An- matismorum ab Harmenopulo scriptorum, Gr. and
tyllus, who was at table, that he pointed to a Lat. apud Leunclav. Jus. Gr. Rom. lib. iv. 6.
sideboard covered with large goblets, and said, “I Confutatio Capitum XIV. Acindymi et Barlaami,
give you all these, Philotas. " As Antyllus was extant in MS. 7. Homilia. 8. Compendium de
quite a lad at that time, Philotas scrupled to Oeconomia Christi, &c. &c. Wharton in Care and
accept such a gift, but was encouraged to do so by Fabricius give a catalogue of the numerous works
one of the attendants, who asked him if he did of Philotheus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 513,
not know that the giver was a son of the triumvir &c. ; Care, Hist. Lit. ad an. 1362. )
Antonius, and that he had full power to make 3. MONACHU's or SANCTUS, an unknown monk,
Buch presents. (Plut. Anton. 28. )
wrote De Mandatis Domini nostri Jesu Christi, ed.
He may perhaps be the same physician, of Gr. and Lat. in P. Possinus, Ascetic, Paris, 1684.
whose medical formulae one is quoted by Celsus Although this work bears the same title as the
(De Med. v. 19. p. 89) and Asclepiades Phar- one quoted above under the head Philotheus Coe-
macion (ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. iv. cinus, the works as well as the authors are dif-
13, vol. xiii. p. 745), and who must have lived in ferent persons. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 519;
or before the first century B. C. (See also Gal. l. c. Cave, Hist. Lit. Dissert. 1. p. 17. ed. Oxon. )
p. 542; and De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. iv. 8, 4. Archbishop of SelYMBRIA, of unknown age,
v. 3, vol. xii. pp. 752, 838. ) [W. A. G. ) wrote Oratio in T. Agothonicum, which is still
PHILOʻTHEUS (P1100eós), 1. Patriarch of | extant in MS.
[W. P. }
&
## p. 331 (#347) ############################################
PHILOTIMUS.
PHILOXENUS.
331
PHILOTHEUS (P1160eos), is supposed to be is a mistake, ns M. Littré observes (Oeuvres
the same person as Theophilus Protospatharius d' Hippocr. vol. i. pp. 82, 367), for Galen only
[THEOPHILUS Protosp. ] There is extant under says that he composed a work on the same subjecí,
his name a commentary on the Aphorisms of Hip- and with the same title. (Comment, in Hippocr.
pocrates, which is in a great measure compiled “De Offic. Med. " i. praef. , 5, vol. xviii. pt. ii.
from Galen's commentary on the same work, and pp. 629, 666.
) In an anatomical treatise which
is attributed to different persons in different MSS. he wrote he pronounced the brain and heart to be
It was first published in a Latin translation by useless organs (Golen, De Usu l'art. viii. 3, vol. iji.
Ludov. Coradus, Venet. 8vo. 1549, and again, p. 625), and the foriner to be merely an excessive
Spirae, 8vo. 1581: and it is in a great measure, if development and offshoot (umepaútmua kal Bad-
not entirely, the same work that has lately been ornua) of the spinal marrow. (Ibid. c. 12, p. 671. )
published in Greek by F. R. Dietz in the second Philotimus is quoted in various other parts of
volume of his Scholiu in lippucratem et Gulenum Galen's writings (see Fabr. Bill. Gr. vol. iji.
(Regiin. Pruss. 8vo. 1834) under the name of p. 583, ed. vet. ), and Plutarch relates an anecdote
Theophilus. A short work relating to a MS. of of him. (De Necta Rat. Aud. c. 10; De Adului. et
Philotheus at Altdorf is mentioned by Choulant, Amico, c. 35. ) He is also quoted by the Scholiast
with the title, J. Andr. Nagel, Programma sistens on Homer (^. 424).
(W. A. G. )
Memoriain Donationis Trewianac, Altorf. 4to. 1788. PHILOTI'MUS (Pidótipos), a statuary of
(See Preface to vol. ii. of Dietz's Schol. in Hippocr. Aegina, who made the statue of the Olympic victor
el Gal. ; Choulant, Handb. der Bücherkunde für Xenombrotus of Cos, which stood in the Altis at
die Aeltere Medicin. )
(W. A. G. ) Olympia (Paus. vi. 14. & 5. s. 12. ) [P. S. )
PHILOTA or PHILOTIS (Φιλώτα, Φιλότιs), PHILO'XENUS (116&evos), a Macedonian
a woman of Epeirus, mother of CHAROPS the officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who
younger. She aided and seconded her son through was appointed by him after his return from Egypt
out in his cruelty and extortion, having quite thrown (B. C. 331) to superintend the collection of the
off her woman's nature, as Polybius and Diodorus tribute in the provinces north of Mount Taurus
tell us. (Polyb. xxxii. 21 ; Diod. Exc. de Virt. et (Arr. Anub. iii. 6. § 6). It would appear, how-
Vit. p. 587. )
(E. E. ) ever, that he did not immediately assume this
PHILOTIMUS, a freedman of Cicero, or rather command, as shortly afterwards we find him sent
of Terentia, is constantly mentioned in Cicero's forward by Alexander from the field of Arbela to
correspondence. He had the chief management of take possession of Susa and the treasures there
Cicero's property. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 4, iv. 10, v. 3, deposited, which he effected without opposition
et alibi. )
(Id. iii. 16. $ 9). After this he seems to have
PHILOTI'MUS (Quétiuus), an eminent Greek remained quietly in the discharge of his functions
physician, a pupil of Praxagoras (Galen, De Ali- in Asia Minor (see Plut. Aler. 22 ; Paus. ii. 33.
ment. Facult. i. 12, vol. vi. p. 509), and a fellow- $ 4), until the commencement of the year 323,
pupil of Herophilus (id. De Meth. Med. i. 3, vol. 1. when he conducted a reinforcement of troops from
p. 28). He was also a contemporary of Erasis- Caria to Babylon, where he arrived just before the
tratus (id. Comment. in Hippocr. “ Aphor. " vi. 1, last illness of Alexander (Id. vii. 23, 24). In
vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 7), and is quoted by Heracleides the distribution of the provinces which followed
of Tarentum (ap. Gal. Comment. in Hippocr. “ De the death of that monarch we find no mention of
Artic. ” iv. 40, vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 736), and there. Philoxenus, but in B. c. 321 he was appointed by
fore must probably have lived in the fourth and Perdiccas to succeed Philotas in the government of
third centuries B. C. Celsus mentions him as one Cilicia By what means he afterwards conciliated
of the eminent physicians of antiquity (De Medic. the favour of Antipater we know not, but in the
viii. 20, p. 185); and he is quoted by several of partition at Triparadeisus after the fall of Perdiccas
the ancient medical writers, viz. by Caelius Aure he was still allowed to retain his satrapy of Cilicia
lianus (De Morb. Acut. ii. 16, De Morb. Chron. (Justin. xiii. 6 ; Arrian, ap. Phot. p. 71, b. ; Diod.
i. 4. pp. 115, 323), Oribasius (Med. Coll. ii. 69, xviii. 39). From this time we hear no more of
iv. 10, v. 32, pp. 236, 255, 279), and Aëtius* him.
(E. H. B. )
(iii. 3, 12, p. 555), and very frequently by PHILOʻXENUS ($116evos). Among se-
Galen. He belonged to the medical sect of veral literary persons of this name, by far the
the Dogmatici or Logici (Galen, De Ven. Sect. most important is Philoxenus of Cythera, who
adv. Erasistr. cc. 5, 6, vol. xi. pp. 163, 169 ; Cra- was one of the most distinguished dithyrambic
mer's Anecd. Grueca Paris. vol. i. p. 395), and poets of Greece. The accounts respecting him are,
wrote several medical works, of which only a few however, strangely confused, owing to the fact that
fragments remain. Athenaeus quotes a work on there was another Philoxenus, a Leucadian, living
Cookery, 'Oyapturikós (vii. 81, p. 308), and at Athens about the same time or a little earlier:
another on Food, Nepl Tpoons, consisting of both these persons are ridiculed by the poets of the
at least thirteen books (iii
. 20, 24, pp. 81, 82): Old Comedy ; both seem to have spent a part of
this latter work is several times quoted by Galen their lives in Sicily ; and it is evident that the
(De Aliment. Facult, i. 11, ii.
6. A Macedonian officer in the service of An- 2. Coccinus, patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE a
tigonus, who was employed by him in B. c. 319, man of great and deserved renown. He was pro-
to endeavour by bribes and promises to corrupt bably born in the beginning of the 14th century,
the Argyraspids in the service of Eumenes, and and early took the monastic habit. After living
especially their leaders Antigenes and Tentamus. for a considerable time as a monk in, and after
But his efforts were unavailing : Teutamus was wards superior of, the content of St. Laura on
tempted for a moment, but was recalled to the Mount Sinai, he was appointed archbishop of
path of duty by his firmer-minded collengue, and Heracleia (before 1354). In 1355 he was em-
the Argyraspids continued faithful. (Diod. xviii. ployed by the emperor John Cantacuzenus in
62, 63. )
bringing about a reconciliation between Michael,
7. An officer in the service of Antiochus the the son, and John Palaeologus, the son-in-law of
Great, who commanded the garrison of Abydos in the emperor ; and in the same year he was chosen
the war against the Romans. He was besieged by patriarch of Constantinople, in the place of Cal-
the Roman feet under C. Livius (B. c. 190), and listus, who, however, recovered his see after John
was desirous to capitulate ; but before the terms Palaeologus had taken possession of Constantinople.
could be agreed upon, the news of the defeat of the Callistus, however, died soon afterwards, and now
Rhodian fleet under Pamphilidas caused Livius to Philotheus was once more placed on the patri-
withdraw in all haste in order to oppose Polyxen- archal chair, which post he occupied with great
idas. (Liv. xxxvii. 12. )
[E. H. B. ] dignity till 137) according to Cave, or 1376 ac-
PHILO'TAS (inctas), a dithyrambic poet cording to the Chronologia reformata of J. B. Ric-
and musician, the disciple of Philoxenus, is only cioli quoted by Fabricius. We give below the titles
worthy of notice as having once gained a victory of the most important of the numerous works of
over his great contemporary Timotheus. (Bode, Philotheus, very few of which have been published.
Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtkunst, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. ! . Liturgia et Ordo instituendi Diaconum, printed
324. )
(P. S. ) in Latin in the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pal. Maa, 2.
PHILOTAS (! Aras), a physician of Am- Libri XV. Antirrhetici, a defence of his friend the
phissa in Locris, who was born about the middle celebrated Palama, extant in different libraries.
of the first century B. C. He studied at Alexan- | 3. Sermo Encomiasticus in tres Hierarchas, Basi-
dria, and was in that city at the same time with lium, Gregorium Theologum, et Joannem Chrysos-
the triumvir Antony, of whose profusion and ex- tomum, Latin, in the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pat. Mar. ,
travagance he was an eye-witness. He became Gr. and Lat. . by Jac. Pontanus, together with
acquainted with the triumvir's son Antyllus, with Philippi Solitarii Dioptra, Ingolstadt, 1604, 8vo. ;
whom he sometimes supped, about B. C. 30. On one by Fronto Ducaeus, in the 2d vol. of Auctuar. Patr.
occasion, when a certain physician had been annoy: Paris, 1624. 3. Oratio de Cruce, Gr. and Lat.
ing the company by his logical sophisms and for apud Gretser. De Cruce, Ingolstadt, 1616, fol. ,
ward behaviour, Philotas silenced him at last with vol. ii. ; there is another Oratio de Cruce, in the
the following syllogism :-“ Cold water is to be same yolume, which is attributed by some to our
given in a certain fever ; but every one who has a Philotheus. 4. Oratio in tertiam Jejuniorum Do-
fever has a certain fever ; therefore cold water is minicam, Gr. and Lat. ibid. 5. Refutatio Anathe
to be given in all fevers ;" which so pleased An- matismorum ab Harmenopulo scriptorum, Gr. and
tyllus, who was at table, that he pointed to a Lat. apud Leunclav. Jus. Gr. Rom. lib. iv. 6.
sideboard covered with large goblets, and said, “I Confutatio Capitum XIV. Acindymi et Barlaami,
give you all these, Philotas. " As Antyllus was extant in MS. 7. Homilia. 8. Compendium de
quite a lad at that time, Philotas scrupled to Oeconomia Christi, &c. &c. Wharton in Care and
accept such a gift, but was encouraged to do so by Fabricius give a catalogue of the numerous works
one of the attendants, who asked him if he did of Philotheus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 513,
not know that the giver was a son of the triumvir &c. ; Care, Hist. Lit. ad an. 1362. )
Antonius, and that he had full power to make 3. MONACHU's or SANCTUS, an unknown monk,
Buch presents. (Plut. Anton. 28. )
wrote De Mandatis Domini nostri Jesu Christi, ed.
He may perhaps be the same physician, of Gr. and Lat. in P. Possinus, Ascetic, Paris, 1684.
whose medical formulae one is quoted by Celsus Although this work bears the same title as the
(De Med. v. 19. p. 89) and Asclepiades Phar- one quoted above under the head Philotheus Coe-
macion (ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. iv. cinus, the works as well as the authors are dif-
13, vol. xiii. p. 745), and who must have lived in ferent persons. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 519;
or before the first century B. C. (See also Gal. l. c. Cave, Hist. Lit. Dissert. 1. p. 17. ed. Oxon. )
p. 542; and De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. iv. 8, 4. Archbishop of SelYMBRIA, of unknown age,
v. 3, vol. xii. pp. 752, 838. ) [W. A. G. ) wrote Oratio in T. Agothonicum, which is still
PHILOʻTHEUS (P1100eós), 1. Patriarch of | extant in MS.
[W. P. }
&
## p. 331 (#347) ############################################
PHILOTIMUS.
PHILOXENUS.
331
PHILOTHEUS (P1160eos), is supposed to be is a mistake, ns M. Littré observes (Oeuvres
the same person as Theophilus Protospatharius d' Hippocr. vol. i. pp. 82, 367), for Galen only
[THEOPHILUS Protosp. ] There is extant under says that he composed a work on the same subjecí,
his name a commentary on the Aphorisms of Hip- and with the same title. (Comment, in Hippocr.
pocrates, which is in a great measure compiled “De Offic. Med. " i. praef. , 5, vol. xviii. pt. ii.
from Galen's commentary on the same work, and pp. 629, 666.
) In an anatomical treatise which
is attributed to different persons in different MSS. he wrote he pronounced the brain and heart to be
It was first published in a Latin translation by useless organs (Golen, De Usu l'art. viii. 3, vol. iji.
Ludov. Coradus, Venet. 8vo. 1549, and again, p. 625), and the foriner to be merely an excessive
Spirae, 8vo. 1581: and it is in a great measure, if development and offshoot (umepaútmua kal Bad-
not entirely, the same work that has lately been ornua) of the spinal marrow. (Ibid. c. 12, p. 671. )
published in Greek by F. R. Dietz in the second Philotimus is quoted in various other parts of
volume of his Scholiu in lippucratem et Gulenum Galen's writings (see Fabr. Bill. Gr. vol. iji.
(Regiin. Pruss. 8vo. 1834) under the name of p. 583, ed. vet. ), and Plutarch relates an anecdote
Theophilus. A short work relating to a MS. of of him. (De Necta Rat. Aud. c. 10; De Adului. et
Philotheus at Altdorf is mentioned by Choulant, Amico, c. 35. ) He is also quoted by the Scholiast
with the title, J. Andr. Nagel, Programma sistens on Homer (^. 424).
(W. A. G. )
Memoriain Donationis Trewianac, Altorf. 4to. 1788. PHILOTI'MUS (Pidótipos), a statuary of
(See Preface to vol. ii. of Dietz's Schol. in Hippocr. Aegina, who made the statue of the Olympic victor
el Gal. ; Choulant, Handb. der Bücherkunde für Xenombrotus of Cos, which stood in the Altis at
die Aeltere Medicin. )
(W. A. G. ) Olympia (Paus. vi. 14. & 5. s. 12. ) [P. S. )
PHILOTA or PHILOTIS (Φιλώτα, Φιλότιs), PHILO'XENUS (116&evos), a Macedonian
a woman of Epeirus, mother of CHAROPS the officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who
younger. She aided and seconded her son through was appointed by him after his return from Egypt
out in his cruelty and extortion, having quite thrown (B. C. 331) to superintend the collection of the
off her woman's nature, as Polybius and Diodorus tribute in the provinces north of Mount Taurus
tell us. (Polyb. xxxii. 21 ; Diod. Exc. de Virt. et (Arr. Anub. iii. 6. § 6). It would appear, how-
Vit. p. 587. )
(E. E. ) ever, that he did not immediately assume this
PHILOTIMUS, a freedman of Cicero, or rather command, as shortly afterwards we find him sent
of Terentia, is constantly mentioned in Cicero's forward by Alexander from the field of Arbela to
correspondence. He had the chief management of take possession of Susa and the treasures there
Cicero's property. (Cic. ad Att. ii. 4, iv. 10, v. 3, deposited, which he effected without opposition
et alibi. )
(Id. iii. 16. $ 9). After this he seems to have
PHILOTI'MUS (Quétiuus), an eminent Greek remained quietly in the discharge of his functions
physician, a pupil of Praxagoras (Galen, De Ali- in Asia Minor (see Plut. Aler. 22 ; Paus. ii. 33.
ment. Facult. i. 12, vol. vi. p. 509), and a fellow- $ 4), until the commencement of the year 323,
pupil of Herophilus (id. De Meth. Med. i. 3, vol. 1. when he conducted a reinforcement of troops from
p. 28). He was also a contemporary of Erasis- Caria to Babylon, where he arrived just before the
tratus (id. Comment. in Hippocr. “ Aphor. " vi. 1, last illness of Alexander (Id. vii. 23, 24). In
vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 7), and is quoted by Heracleides the distribution of the provinces which followed
of Tarentum (ap. Gal. Comment. in Hippocr. “ De the death of that monarch we find no mention of
Artic. ” iv. 40, vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 736), and there. Philoxenus, but in B. c. 321 he was appointed by
fore must probably have lived in the fourth and Perdiccas to succeed Philotas in the government of
third centuries B. C. Celsus mentions him as one Cilicia By what means he afterwards conciliated
of the eminent physicians of antiquity (De Medic. the favour of Antipater we know not, but in the
viii. 20, p. 185); and he is quoted by several of partition at Triparadeisus after the fall of Perdiccas
the ancient medical writers, viz. by Caelius Aure he was still allowed to retain his satrapy of Cilicia
lianus (De Morb. Acut. ii. 16, De Morb. Chron. (Justin. xiii. 6 ; Arrian, ap. Phot. p. 71, b. ; Diod.
i. 4. pp. 115, 323), Oribasius (Med. Coll. ii. 69, xviii. 39). From this time we hear no more of
iv. 10, v. 32, pp. 236, 255, 279), and Aëtius* him.
(E. H. B. )
(iii. 3, 12, p. 555), and very frequently by PHILOʻXENUS ($116evos). Among se-
Galen. He belonged to the medical sect of veral literary persons of this name, by far the
the Dogmatici or Logici (Galen, De Ven. Sect. most important is Philoxenus of Cythera, who
adv. Erasistr. cc. 5, 6, vol. xi. pp. 163, 169 ; Cra- was one of the most distinguished dithyrambic
mer's Anecd. Grueca Paris. vol. i. p. 395), and poets of Greece. The accounts respecting him are,
wrote several medical works, of which only a few however, strangely confused, owing to the fact that
fragments remain. Athenaeus quotes a work on there was another Philoxenus, a Leucadian, living
Cookery, 'Oyapturikós (vii. 81, p. 308), and at Athens about the same time or a little earlier:
another on Food, Nepl Tpoons, consisting of both these persons are ridiculed by the poets of the
at least thirteen books (iii
. 20, 24, pp. 81, 82): Old Comedy ; both seem to have spent a part of
this latter work is several times quoted by Galen their lives in Sicily ; and it is evident that the
(De Aliment. Facult, i. 11, ii.
