No More Learning

Hall.
wherefore, the earl March refused re ters the four gates cover his right, himself would take upon
22. Proceedings against HENRY BEAUMoNT, Bishop for High Treason: Henry VI. 1426.
Cobb. Parl. Hist. 354. ]
Holling.
ABOUT this time was, that dangerous becoming his high place and state. this quarrel was set foot between two very great situation the bishop, however, thought proper men, both chief supporters the house write letter the duke Bedford, regent Lancaster; Humphrey, duke Gloucester, France, come over and endeavour heal lord protector, and Henry Beaufort, the rich matters between them. The duke came ac bishop Winchester, great uncle the king. cordingly, and calling council the chief no The latter these, his magnificence and bility Saint Albans, many hot contests arose; grandeur, seemed much out-shine the and, nothing being concluded that time,
Protector himself, though almost the throne,
that drew him the odium and jealousy the other. The haughty spirit the bishop,
being legate the pope England, was great, that the Protector could not endure his pride; and such implacable enmity grew between them, that great parties were raised, on both siles, for each other's defence.
short, civil war, was much dreaded, would
was adjourned Northampton, but little purpose; till, last,it was determined,that these
differences should referred parliament. Accordingly, writs summons were issued out, dated Westminster, Jan. 1426, for one
meet, Leicester, on the 18th Feb. At which time and place being assembled, the great hall the Castle Leicester, much care had been taken prevent any tumults between the great trains the protector and the bishop, strictly prohibiting any person what
the consequence; and, their mutual
friends could do, was not sufficient pacify
the mind the Protector, make the Pre soever, come thither with swords any late yield any further, than, thought, was other warlike weapon. Which order, though
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269] STATE TRIALS, 4 HENny VI. 1426. —Bp. of Winchester, for High Treason. [210
it was literally observed, yet the lords and This all the account which sir Robert Cotton their attendants came armed with batts, or has thought extract, relating this strong great clubs, on their shoulders; from whence contention between these two noblemen; who, this meeting got the name of “The Parliament though nearly related uncle and nephew, of Bats;” but this, also, as soon as it was yet still carried that implacable malice t. ak. e"n notice was prohibited. Being all, against each other, which ended not but the
s
ai
young king being there, also, present, Chronicles of Hall and Hollingshead are not
sat peaceable manner, afore death one both them. However, the
d,
the bishop Winchester, lord chancellor silent this matter; they tell us, that when
the
England, declared the cause the sum the affair the quarrel was brought before the mons, very short manner; for, after telling parliament, and each party allowed plead his them that the king's will was, that estates cause freely, the Protector, who looked upon should enjoy their liberties, took his subject himself the person aggrieved, exhibited five from these words Saint Paul Sic facite Articles against the bishop, which salvi sitis. These the learned prelate divided was urged give his Answer. Which Arti
into three parts, and referred them “First God, for protecting the faith the church,
against invasions from Lollards and Here tics: 2dly, imparting sound counsel; and,
ject, their liberal grants. which ter, deny admittance him the said duke desired, that every estate this parliament Gloucester, then being Protector the king
lastly, granting the several needful subsidies.
By which, affirmed, three virtues and con
veniences would follow, viz. glory God,
protecting his faith; honour the king,
receiving good advice; and peace the sub encouragement the said bishop Winches
would labour; and that the commons would chuse, and the next day present, their Speaker. ’
dom, into the Tower, contrary reason and duty, and derogation the kings authority. To this Article the bishop answered, “That
while the duke Gloucester was gone into Hai nault, happened that many pamphlets and reports being dispersed and down the city London tending rebellion, was ordered
—The same day the commons presented, be fore the king, Richard Vernon, knight,
their Speaker; who, with the common pro testation, was allowed.
Then the commons expressed their great
dislike to the Dissentions bctween duke Hum the lords his majesty's council, that Richard
cles and Answers are follow:
Articles Accusation presented the Parlia ment the Duke Gloucester, against Henry, bishop Winchester, with his An swers them severally.
“That Richard Woodvile, esq. keeper the Tower London, did the instigation and
phrey, and the bishop Winchester, and Woodvile, esq. should with sufficient number
moved for their reconcilement. On which, the duke Bedford, some bishops, and other lords, made solemn decree amongst themselves, hear and determine the said difference, without favour affection. Which order, after every one the lords had sworn observe, they sent copy the commons. They then proceeded the matter, and, length, caused
the said duke and bishop, their formal in struments, have their disputes compro
armed men have the keeping the Tower, and should not permit any man come into the Tower stronger than himself, without the
special eommandment the king, the ad vice his council. After this strict charge the duke Gloucester returning out Hainault, and not approving the fortifying the Tower,
told the citizens, who were dissatisfied
‘That had been England should not have been so;' and immediately going the
mised, o
and referred the decision of select
Woodvile, not daring give him entrance, came the
committee certain bishops and lords; who, after some time, came this resolution first, that the said bishop of Winchester should sub mit himself the inercy;
Tower demanded admittance, but
which did accordingly. And, then the duke Bedford, open parliament, pronounced the said bishop
and that before admitted ought provide himself
innocent what was alledged against him, that procured person murder the late king, when was prince, the murderer
the king and council for the former order. ”— Winchester, without the
the duke Gloucester,
his majesty's privy council, contrived and purposed lay hands majesty's person, and have removed him from Eltham, the
himself confessed who was drowned earl Arundel. And, also, that
the should
have de
awarded the said committee, that the put him under the government such persons
counsel and advise the said prince
posed Henry IV. his father. Likewise, was
place that was then in, Windsor, there
bishop should acknowledge his offence the duke Gloucester, and, submissive man
ner, ask his pardon; that the said duke should freely forgive him; and, token thorough
reconciliation, each should take the other
the hand; which was accordingly done before the whole assembly.
pleased. The bishop's answer this
article was, “That never could propound himself any advantage removing the king, taking him into his custody charge, nor did ever intend meddle with any thing about the
king's person without the advice the privy council, time and place could prove. ”—
bishop Winchester for advice, who told him, that the duke Gloucester took more upon
sufficient warrant his doing contrary
him than
him into the Tower,
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2, 1] STATE TRIALS, 28 HENRY WI. 1451–Proceedings against the [272
3. That the bishop of Winchester knowing that appoint them judges, that might vindicate his the duke of Gloucester had resolved to prevent honour, else leave him sue out his right his design of seizing the king's person at El before suitable judges. ”—6. That the bishop of tham, laid wait for him, by placing armed men
at the end of London-bridge, and in the win dows of the chambers and cellars in South
Winchester bad, his letter the duke Bedford, plainly declared his malicious purpose
assembling the people, and stirring up re bellion the nation, contrary the king's way; wh. ich against the king's peace, and peace. The bishop's answer was, “That he
wark, to have killed him, if he had passed that
duty true subject. The bishop's defence was, “That true indeed that did pro vide certain number armed men, and set them the foot London-bridge,
never had any intention disturb the peace the nation, raise any rebellion, but sent the duke of Bedford come over hastc.
so
for his own safety and defence, being informed
and gathered together company citizens for
that end. ”—4. That the late king Henry
told him, that when was prince, man was
scized his chamber, who was hid behind the
hangings, and confessed after his apprehension,
that was set work the bishop Win
jlaces, without any intention
by several
field, such brother
the duke
but
“That
adventure
you have here:’ did not mean any de sign his own, but concerning the seditious assemblies masons, carpenters, tilers and plaisterers, who being distasted the late act
persons,
Gloucester had purposed bodily harm him,
chester, kill the prince his bed. He was
Glocester,
merely
letter, the land
settle things that were prejudicial
any bodily peace and though had indeed written
that the duke
and other
the
tarried, put we shall
pariiament against excessive wages those trades, had given out many seditious speeches
and menaces against the great men, which tend ed much rebellion; and yet the duke Glou
cester did not use his endeavour, ought have done his place, suppress such un lawful assemblies, that feared the king
and his good subjects must have made field withstand them prevent which,
chiefly desired the duke Bedford come over. ”
This Charge, and the Answers being thus delivered into the parliament, the further
the
delivered the earl Arundel, who drowned
him sack the Thames To this accusa
tion the bishop replied, “That was ever
true and faithful subject his sovereigns, and
never purposed contrived any treason against any their persons, and especially against his
sovereign lord Henry And this thought was sufficiently evident any, that considered
the great wisdom and courage king, and the great trust reposed
long remained king, which
not have done had found him guilty unfaithfulness him while was prince. ”—
the said him
examination was
the houses devolved lords, who having tho matters, acquitted the
bishop, and formal award enjoined them firm friends for the future; and such in ducements wrought upon them, that they shook hands, and parted with outward signs per
upon select number would roughly examined
such
That the bishop Winchester the sick
ness king Henry advised his son prince
Henry, assume the government the na fect love and agreement, which gave mighty
tion before his father's death, the said prince satisfaction people, both the clergy himself told him. The bishop replied “That and laity. And the king, the advice his this was mere calumny, which could not council, made magnificent feast Whitsun proved; and hoped the parliament would tide, rejoice for this happy reconciliation.
23. Proceedings against WILLIAM DE Pole, duke Suffolk,
for High Treason: 28 Hen. VI. 1451. Cobb. Parl. Hist. 386. ]
IN the parliament which met Westminster, being but knight, and taken prisoner, had on the 22nd January 1451, came on the paid for his ransom 2000l. That had been Trial the duke Suffolk, on several Arti the Order the Garter thirty years, and
cles High Treason which, because saw
that he could not avoid, he moved for himself.
For, according the Record, the twenty
second January the duke stood the had been true the king and realm, house lords, and required the king “That
might specially accused, and allowed answer what many inen reported hion,
that was unfaithful subject. ” IIe further
told the king, “That his father, and three lords and judges, upon consultation, “thought
his brethren, died his service and that there was good cause for unless some es his father's and grandfather's. That himself pecial matter was objected against him. "— had served the wars thirty-four years; and, January 28, the Sp;aker came again, and de
counsellor the king fifteen years, and had been seventeen years the wars, without returning home. And, asking God's mercy,
required his purgation. ”—January 26, the Commons came before the Lords, and required that the duke, confession,
might committed safe custody; but the
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273] STATE TRLALS, 28 HENRY VI. 1451. —Duke of Suffolk, for High Treason. [274
clared, “That the duke of Suffolk, as it was had taken effect. For causing the subsi said, had sold this realm to the French, who dies granted contrarily employed. For had prepared to come hither; and that the causing the king's treasure spent the said duke, for his own defence, had furnished French queen, and other French people. For the castle of Wallingford with warlike mu consuming the sum 00,000l. left the lord nition whereupon, the Speaker's request, Dudley the late treasurer. For conveying out the said duke was committed the Tower the king's treasury the obligations the London. —February the Speaker the con finance for the duke Orleans. For pro
mons, the chancellor, and the lords, sent the curing himself made earl Pembroke, king Bill Articles, which they accused and obtaining the lordships Haverford-west,
Suffolk, late after the death of sir Rowland Lenthal. For Oxford, sundry staying the process outlawry against Wil liam Talbois, esquire Lincoln, upon several
That the said duke having the ward
ship Margaret the daughter and heir John
duke Somerset, meant marry his son suretyship peace. For procuring persons John her; and thereby for want issue his confederacy made sheriffs. For pro the king, claim the crown, and procure curing garrison Englishmen fight against the French king, means certain French the Germans, the king's allies, the part lords, there named, depose the king. —2. the French, the king's enemies. ” All which That procured the delivery the duke
Orleans, and practised with him cause the
French recover the English conquests
that kingdom. –3. Related the duke's pro brought from the Tower,
mise delivery Anjou and Main, requite into the Parliament Chamber,
the king Sicily the king's enemy, without before the king and lords
the assent of the other ambassadors. -4. For cles aforesaid were rehearsed, who desired disclosing the king's counsel the earl Du copy them, which was granted. And, for moys bastard Orleans, and others the the more ready answer them, was coin French nation. —5. For betraying the mitted the custody certain esquires, the French the strength the king's piles, ord Tower within the king's palace.
nance, and munition, beyond sea—6. That
the said duke, disclosing the king's secrets,
caused the peace broken. —7. That the
said duke supported the king's enemies,
William Pole, duke
Ewelin the county Treasons, viz.
staying sundry arms which should have passed against them. —8. That the said duke had strengthened the king's enemies against him,
not compromising the last peace the king Arragon, who almost lost; and the
cles Treason against him; and offered prove them false any manner the king should
duke Britany, who wholly so. ” All which many the rest, referred himself the Articles, the commons require enrolled, king's letters patents, and some acts the
and that prosecution may awarded thereon. council. To the yielding Anjou and
On the 9th of March the commons made
new Complaint against the duke, effect fol
lowing: “First, for procuring the king, his
eighteenth year, give away the inheritance same was delivered the bishop Chi and lands the crown. For procuring many chester, then keeper the privy seal. —On the liberties derogation the common law, and 17th, the said duke was brought again before hindrance justice. For causing the king the lords, whom the chancellor repeated the
give away the castle Manlion Searl, Answer he had made, and told him, that and other territories Guienne. For that the therein had not put himself upon his peer
earl Armanac and other nobles Guienne, age, and asked the duke which way would were drawn from their obedience the king, tried Who, kneeling, said that hoped the said duke's discovering secrets, the had answered things the full, and utter impoverishment this realm. For pro protesting his innocency, referred himself en
curing the king bestow the keeping divers tirely the king's mercy and award. —There towns and offices Normandy and Guienne, upon the Chancellor, the king's command,
unworthy persons. For procuring the king pronounced this Sentence, “That since the grant the earldoms Enreney and Longue duke did not put himself upon his peerage, the
vile, and other lordships Normandy, the bastard Orleans, and other Frenchmen, the king's chiefest enemies, without the assent the council. For that the duke procured the king, his own presence, promise the French ambassador attend person the
convention France, the king's subversion WOL.
king,
contained
And
relation the Articles Treason the first Bill, would be doubtful.
the Articles Misprision, the king,
appeals murder. For procuring pardon the said William for not appearing upon
Articles the commons required enrolled, and that the said duke might answer them.
—On the same day, the duke
Suffolk was the king's writ, Westininster,
whom the Arti
ap peared again before the lords, and his knees denied the truth the first eight Arti
On the 14th March the said duke
appoint. The first them denied
in
possible, inferring, that some the lords knew he meant have married his son the earl of
Warwick's daughter, she had lived. To
Main,
cil; which shew, that other lords were privy thereto, well himself, and said that the
referred also the acts the coun
not judge the advice the lords, but
one whose order the duke had committed
himself, doth banish him the realm, and other his dominions, five years; from the
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275] STATE TRIALs, Edward 1. 7s. -Proceedings against [276
May next ensuing. ”—After which Sentence nister, taken from the Records themselves. being given, lord Beaumont, lord high consta Undoubtedly, the mildness his Sentence ble, stood up, the behalf the bishops and proceeded from the queen's great indulgence lords, and required, “That might en him; who was hopes, that his short rolled, that the said Judgment was the king's bauishment might last longer than the malice own rule, and not their assent; and also his enemies against him. But, unhappily required, that neither they nor their heirs for both, the duke was taken prisoner sea, should, this example,
peerage and privileges. ” The foregoing account
inquiry into the misconduct
24. Proceedings against GForge duke CLARENCE, brother
King Edward the Fourth, for Treason: Edw. IV.
1478. Kenn. 475. Rapin, 623. Cobb. Parl. Hist. 436. ]
WHILE the duke Clarence was Ireland, courscs: That had spread abroad impious
not suspecting any design against himself, the rumours that the king dealt necromancy,
queen and his brother the duke Gloster were and upon offence against such his subjects,
plotting his destruction. Upon his return whom order law could not destroy, he the court he understood that Thomas Burdet of was accustomed take them away poison
Arrow the county Warwick, esq. who ever That had not rested there, but thereby was dependant upon him, had been his ab advance himself the kingdom, and for ever sence apprehended, indited, arraigned and exe disable the king and his posterity from the cuted the compass two days. The crime crown, had, contrary truth, nature and upon which his Accusation was principally religion, viper-like destroying her who gave grounded, were inconsiderate words, which, him life, published that the king was bastard,
barred their
private English captain, who had way laid him, had his head struck off on the side long-boat, and his body thrown into the
this parliamentary
prime mi Sca. —
upon report that the white buck which much delighted was killed the king was hunt ing his park, wished the head and horns aud the king's belly, whereas indeed wished only his belly, who counselled the king kill With this Accusation were min gled many other poisoning, sorceries, and in chantments crimes which every judicious man easily perceived, were only put the scale like grains, make his rash language full weight, which otherwise would have been too light deserve the sentence death. These proceed ings Clarence resented, they were intended, and expostulated with the king about the injus tice done his servant, and injury himself. And according the custom expostulations, his words were bold and disorderly, and having received apparent injury, built too much on the right his cause, and provoked the king too far into indignation; that soon after was committed close prisoner the Tower, where being act parliament attainted, was secretly put death. The manner, ge nerally received, was thrusting his head into
butt Malmescy, which was stilled. his Attainder, according the form, are
Crines enough make his death have appear ance justice, the execution which the king seemed rather constrained to, than have sought. For there are reckoned, “how the duke
Clarence, bring the present government
and way capable reign: that make
this his monstrous ambition more successful, and already begin his usurpation, had caused many the king's subjects sworn
upon the most blessed sacrament true him and his heirs, without any exception
their allegiance; after which solemn oaths, discovered them his resolution right
himself and his followers, who had both suffered the king's violent wresting away their estates:
and particular revenge bimself upon the
king, who (as most impiously and falsely sug
gested) had art-magic contrived consume
him candle consumeth burning. And
what most expressed the treason his designs, that had got out exemplification under
the great seal IIenry late king; wherein was shewed how the parliament was en acted, that the said Henry and Edward his son should die without issue male, the kingdom should descend upon the duke Clarence and his heirs; whereby clearly appeared his inten tion, immediately possess himself the
into hatred with the peoplc, and thereby the
present state into trouble; had not only his
speeches frequently laid injustice the king's was accused falsely laying bastardy the charge attainting Thomas Burdet falsly, cou king, endeavour possession the crown; vict many notorious Treasons, but suborned which, afterwards was alledged indeed Richard many his scrvants and divers others, corrupted duke Gloucester, the absolute disinherit with money, divulge the like seditious dis the king's sons.
crown, with destruction children, pretence the commonwealth. ”
king Edward and his general election
his Attainder, which
This was the sum
we may well believe had not easily past but
the king's public declaring himself: the secret working the duke Gloucester; and the passionate urging the queen's kindred. But this Attainder hath one thing inost remarkable, that Clarence here
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277] STATE TRIALS, 10 Henry VII. 1494-5,-Sir W. Stanley, for Treason. [278 25. The Trial of Sir WILLIAM STANLEY, knight, for High Treason:
[Hall and Lord Bacon. ]
[There is not a regular account of the Trial of after that attempt begonne syr Robert, this eminent person, in any book we have was smal dangier himselfe, and that met with. Old Fabian, with his usual dry was not litle noted, and hys fame blemished, ness and brevity, only writes, that about but also hys frendes were suspected and had
10 Hen. VII. A. D. 1494-5.
Christmas 1494 sir Robert Clifford impeach gealosy. Secondarely,
ed sir William Stanley, and that William great favour, nor
was beheaded the 15th February follow kynge had been
ing. Fab. 530. Hall, with his followers was blotted and marked with that cryme Grafton and Hollingshead, explains, whom and offence. And therfore bearing his fa sir William was accused the king, what voure the house Yorke, entendynge was reported his offence, and how the the beginning administer displeasure kyng koing acted the occasion; adding some Henry, sayled the lady Margaret, beyng sc conjectures the cause William's duced and brought belefe that Perkyn was alienation from the king; but the Trial the very sonne kynge Edward. But my itself, they say that was condemned purpose when syr Robert came the pre and executed. Even lord Bacon, though sence the kynge, knelyng his knees
have taken small pains most humblye, beseched hym grace and par
done, shortely obteyned. throw every light the subject, owns, that whiche
And after the memory the case was dark; and that beynge requyred the maner and ordre
that them every such person might called thether without suspeccion any evell, and
any theim culpable blame woorthy. —The re
Some men helde this opinion, that kyng Hen for polecy dyd sende him spye Flaunders, els he woulde not have some receaved him into his grace and favour agayn.
and affirmed there,That would never fight
the
yng that their could not more pernicious Wherefore the begynnynge coulde no nor more desperate begonne thinge then that wyse induced nor persuaded belove, that develishe enterprice, returned sodeynly agayn was such uprevy conspiratoure malicious into England. The kynge beynge certefied be offender; but when the cryme was openly fore his coming, went streight the Towre proved and probably affirmed, then the king
any the nobilitie partakers this un gracious fraternitie and diabolical conjuracion,
London the morrow after the daye Epi caused hym restraynod from his libertie phany, and there taryed suche tyme that his awne chambre within the Quadrate syr Robert Clyfford was there presented hys Towre. And there appoynted his person, which thinge used under this pre prevy counsayl examined.
whiche tence, that syr Robert Clifforde had accused examinacion nothinge denyed, but wisely
porte that this was offence. When there streight attached and cast holde. cominunicacion was had betwene hym, and —But before any farther wil shew the this syr Robert Clyfforde, concerning Per opinion that that time ranne many mens kyn, whiche falsely usurped the name kyng
heddes this knyghts goynge into Flaunders. Edwardes sonne, syr William Stanley sayde
Neverthelesse this not like true di and proveth hym that tyme, beynge moved
verse reasons and apparant argumentes, firste, with
beare great good will
and seriously did astipulate and agree thinges layed hys charge, were
nor beare armure agaynst the young man,
knew of truthe that he was the indubitate
so,
sonne kyng Edward Thys poynte argueth
was not after that
estemed with the tymes past, because
writes only from imperfect tradition, aided the strength his own conjecture. However, our readers will scarce be averse
seeing what historian such deep penetration writes subject interest ing. We shall therefore extract the result
the conjuracion and what was done
Flaunders, opened every pointe his know
lege, and after disclosed the names, well
the aiders and fautoures the inceptors and begynners. Amongest whome accused
syr William Stanley, whome the kynge made this investigation, after first giving Hall's hys chiefe chamberleyn, and one hys prevy
account, which will found be the groundwork some part lord Bacon's more splendid and enlightened narrative. —
Mr. Hargrave's Note. ]
counsayil. When had sayde, the kyng was greatly dismayed and greved, that shoulde partaker that greveaus offence, considerynge first that had the governaunce
his chambre, and the charge and comptrol ment suche were next hys bodye, and also callynge remembraunce the mani folde gratuities, whiche had receaved hys
Ertract from Hall's Henry VII.
SYR Robert Clyfford, partely trusting
kynges promes, and partely mistrustyng the
thing, because knewe that diverse that were hande, but especiall not forgettynge that accused partakers that faccion and benefite above other, that onely his aide conspiracy [in favor Perkyn Warbeck] and succoure, he had vanquished and over were put execucion; and, therfore perceav throwcm his mortall enemy kynge Rycharde.
35.
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*
270) STATE TRIALS, 10 IIENny VII. 1494-5. —Proceedings against [2so
łyng Henry, whereof suspicion first grewe, and a litle displeased, and so when both their after this ensued the accusacion of syr R. Clys- hartes were enflamed with melancoly, bothe . forde. —Then the kyng doubtinge what to do loste the fruite their longe continued amitie with him, did consult and breath with hymselfe of and favoure. And often chaunceth, that this sodeyne chaunce. For he feared least that when men not consider nor yet regard the his brother lorde Thomas Stanley, in whome he great benefites them exhibited, they rendre had founde great fiendship, woulde take this agayne hatred for liberalitee, and for breade mattre grevedusly. And if he should remit geven, they yelde agayne scorpion. Nowe
that fault, that, abusynge his lenyte and mer to returne to the matter.
cy, he would be the more bolder to offende At thys tyme the kyng thought best, and treaspace inore highly. Albeit at the last, and very necessary, not onely take hede
sever itee tooke place and mercy was put backe, about him, but also use some sharpe pu and so he was a reigned at Westmynster, and nyshment and correccion the offences his adjudged to dye, and accordinge to that subjects, the intent that the late begon se
Judgemente was broughte to the Towre-hill dicion might the soner repressed, and for the 16 daye of February, and there had bys this cause specially that some persons voyde head striken What was the occasion and of all honest feare and reverent dread, had cause, why the syncere and faythfull mynde, taken such courage and audacitie them, that syr William always before bare kyng that they feared not speake evell their Henry, was turned into cancarde hatred and kyng and sovereign lord, with moost spiteful dispite, and why the especiall favoure that the and contumelious wordes, though thei nei kynge bare towarde hym was transmuted into ther feared nor woulde obey him, his pre disdeyne and displeasure, dyverse men alledge ceptes and commaundementes, expecting dayly dyverse causes, affirmynge that when kynge and hourely the arryvall and landing the
Henry (what other mutuall benefites the one
had receaved the other, wyll nowe pre
sen from death lyse. But when knowlege termyt and overpasse) that battaile, the the slaunderous and opprobrious woordes
whiche berest kynge Rycharde bothe hys were brought the kynges eares, caused life and hys kyngdom, beynge associate and dyverse persons suffre condigne punyshment accompanied but with small numbre, and for their heynous offences, whereby their com circumvented kynge Richardes army, and plices wel perceavying that their entreprice had
great jeopardy his lyfe, thys syr William prosperous successe nor toke any good ef beynge sent from the lord Standiey hys brother fect, and especially such temerariously be with good company stronge and hardy gan make mastries and farther seyng what men (whiche lorde Stanley was nere the felde preparacion was made and provyded agaynst with great army) came sodeynly and fortu theyre tumulteous commocion and frantique nately the succours kynge Henry, and entreprice, they their awne swynge pacefied
feyned Rychard duke Yorke, now lately ry
-
s
aved hym fron destruccion, and overthrewe themselfes, and beganne turne their kynge kynge Rychard before you have heard. and naturall liege lorde.
Surely thys was benefite above benefites Ertract from Bacon's Henry Kennet's
remembred, the which kyng Henry
was not onely preserved alyve, but also ob.
teyned the croune and kingdome, which great
benefite, after the kingdome once obteyned,
did neither forget nor yet left unrewarded. son Henry was created duke York; and
For the lord Thomas Stanley invested with well the duke,
the swoorde the countie Daisy, and beside knights batchellours,
other great giftes and officies geven William were made knights
Stanley, made him chiefe chamberleyn. the ceremony. Upon the morrow after Twelfth This syr William, although were great day, the king removed from Westminster favoure with the kyng, and had great and (where had kept his Christmas) the Tower high estimacion, more remembring the bene of London. This he did soon he had ad fite done the kyng, then the rewardes vertisement, that Robert Clifford (in whose
and gratuitees his liberalite receaved, think bosom budget most Perkinis secrets were
And the that end, the great noise,
people, nought the kyng down his feet, and all humble manner
ing that the vessel oyle, (according the layed up) was come into England. gospel) woulde overflowe the brymmes, and place the Tower was chosen some saye, desirying erle Chestre and that Clifford should accuse any therof denyed, began grudge and disdeyne ones, they might without suspicion, the kyog his high frend: and one shing enco sending abroad warrants,
presently at raged him ouch, which was the riches and tached; the court and prison being within the toreasure king Richard, which onely cincture one wall. After day two, the possessed the conflict Boswoorth rea king drew unto him selected council, and ad son which haboundance ryches and greate mitted Clifford his presence; who first fell
lord and mastre. When the craved the king's pardon, which the king then canker and waxe rusty, was with him not his life before. Then commanded tell
sovereign
king perce aved that his stomack began granted, though were indeed secretly assured
Complete History, 610.
UPON Al-hallows-day even, being now the tenth year the king's reign, the king's second
divers others, noblemen, and gentlemen quality, the bath, according
to
of
of
is toin
set of he of
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2si) STATE TRIALS, 10 HENRY VII. 1494-5. —Sir W. Stanley, Treason. [282
o: the king's dark
knowledge, did amongst many others (of raigned high-treason, and condemned, and himself, not interrogated) appeach William after beheaded. —Yet this day
Stanley, the lord chamberlain houshold. —The king seemed
the naming this lord,
the news some strange and fearful prodigy. his defection, and the alienation his heart To hear man, that had done him service from the king. His case was said this:
high nature, save his life, and set the that discourse between sir Robert Clifford
memory,
much amazed this noble person was, for which suffered,
had heard and what likewise was the ground and cause
crown upon his head; man, that enjoyed
his favour and advancement great fortune,
both honour and riches; man, that was
tied unto him near band alliance, his
brother having married the king's mother; and
lastly, man, whom had committed the
trust his person, making him his chamber the judges that time (who were learned lain; that this man, ways disgraced,
ways discontent, ways put fear, should
false unto him. Clifford, was required
over again, and again, the particulars his accusation, being warned, that matter unlikely, and that concerned great servant
the king's, should not any wise too
far. But the king finding that did sadly who had said, “that king Henry the Eighth
and constantly (without hesitation varying,
and with those civil protestations that were fit)
stand that that had said, offering jus
tifie upon his soul and life; caused him nature. Which seemeth) the grave judges
be removed. And after he had not little taking into consideration, would not admit bemoaned himself unto his council there pre treasons upon condition. And for the posi
sent, gave order that William Stanley should tive words, “that would not bear arms
be restrained his own chamber, where against king Edward's son;' though the words
lay before, the Square Tower. And the seem calm, yet was plain and direct over
next day was examined the lords. Upon ruling the king's title, either the line his examination he denied little of that where Lancaster, act parliament. Which
with was charged, nor endeavoured much (no doubt) pierced the king more, than Stan excuse extenuate his fault. So that (not ley had charged his launce upon him the very wisely) thinking make his offence less field. For Stanley would hold that opinion, by confession, made enough for condem that son king Edward had still the better
nation. was conceived, that trusted much right, being principal person autho his former merits, and the interest that bis rity, and favour about the king; was brother had the king. But those helps were teach England say much. And there
over-weighed divers things that made against fore (as those times were) that speech touched him, and were predominant the king's na the quick. But some writers put this out ture and mind. First, over-merit; for con doubt; for they say, that Stanley did ex
venient merit, unto which reward may easily presly promise aid Perkin, and sent him reach, doth best with kings. Next the sense some help treasure. —Now for the motive
both what the case
and him, had said; that were sure, that that young man were king Edward's son, would never bear arms against him. This
case seems somewhat hard case, both re spect the conditional, and respect the other words. But for the conditional, seems
men, and the three chief them the privy council), thought was dangerous thing
say admit and ands, qualifie words trea son; whereby every man might express his malice, and blanch his danger. And was like the case (in the following times) Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid Kent;
did not take Katherine his wife again, should deprived his crown, and die the death
his power; for the king thought, that
that could set him up, was the more dangerous pull him down. Thirdly, the glimmering
his falling off from the king; true, that Bosworth Field the king was beset, and manner inclosed round about the troops king Richard, and manifest danger his
confiscation; for was the richest subject
for value the kingdom; there being found life; when this Stanley was sent his brother
his castle Holt forty thousand marks
ready money, and plate, besides jewels, hous
hold-stuff, stocks upon his grounds, and other
personal estate, exceeding great. And for his
revenue land and fee, was three thousand
pounds year old rent, great matter
those times. Lastly, the nature the time;
for the king had been out fear his own him great gifts, made him his councellour and
estate, was not unlike would have spared chamberlain and, somewhat contrary his
his life. But the cloud great rebellion, nature, had winked the great spoils Bos
hanging over his head, made him work sure. worth Field, which came almost wholly this
Wherefore after some six weeks distance of man's hands, his infinite enriching. Yet,
time, which the king did honourably interpose, nevertheless blown up with the conceit his
both give space his brother's intercession, and shew the world, that had conflict with himself what should do; was ar
merit, did not think
measure from the king, and running over,
had received good
least not prest down expected. And his
dog. ' And infinite cases may put like
with three thousand men his rescue, which
performed so, that king Richard was slain
upon the place.
men not capable
the condition mortal greater benefit, than
the king received
being like the benefit
and crown. For which service the king gave
the hands Stanley; Christ, once save
soofa he
in
by
in of if beof
a of hea of
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a a sir
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at byisdo as in is ofby bybe ofheofheit
to of
in of it of ofin be ofaatofto ofofofofto
in
a
to
go ofto
so beno
ofof
283] STATE TRIALS, 1 Henry VIII. 1509. —Trial of Empson and Dudley,
[284
ambition was so exorbitant, and unbounded, him his places until this his fall. —After him
as he became suitor to the king for the earldom was made lord chamberlain, Giles lord Dow
of Chester. Which ever being a kind of ap beny, man great sufficiency and valour;
pendage to the principality of Wales, and using the more, because was gentle and moderate.
to go to the king's son; his suit did not only —There was common opinion, that sir Robert
end in a denial, but in a distaste; the king Clifford (who now was become the state in
perceiving thereby, that his desires were in former) was from the beginning emissary, temperate, and his cogitations vast, and irre and spie the king's; and that fled over
gular, and that his former benefits were but into Flanders with his consent and privity. cheap, and lightly regarded by him. Where But this not probable; both because never
fore the king began not to brook him well. recovered that degree grace, which And as a little leaven of new distaste doth had with the king before his going over; and
{.
commonly sour the whole lump of former me chiefly, for that the discovery which had
rit, the began
touching
passion that Stanley, at Bosworth Field, though was his great service) grew not from any thing
suggest
he came time enough to save his life, yet he learned abroad, for that knew well
to
stayed long enough to endanger having matter against him,
26. The Trial Sir Thom.
the lord chamberlain (which
wit
unto his made
But yet before he went. continued
EMPson, knt. and EDMUND DUDLEY,
esq. for High Treason; Guildhall, London: Hen. VIII.
A. 1509. [Lord Herbert's Hen. VIII. Kenn. Compl.
-
Hist. 2. ]
[“The most exact account the proceedings against these two remarkable persons being
I. found lord Herbert, we shall lay before the reader; who, chooses
ursue the subject further, may consult Po
Virgil, Hall, Hollingshead.
and But
taint and Conviction parliament. ’ These words certainly import parliamentary at
tainder, and might well lead any person
ive credit the prior representation
eing so, without taking the trouble ex amine the act, which not the later edi tion of the Statutes. But whether their
proper premise, what we conceive
great error, which current respect thus describing the Bill was inaccuracy
Empson and Dudley. Our historians general, not excepting lord Herbert and Mr. Hume, represent Empson and Dudley have been doubly attainted, first judg
the penner the Journal, the Bill was first attaint, certainly did not pass
that form. Indeed the subsequent part
the Journal takes notice, that the bill was newly formed, before was sent the
ment trial before jury, and secondly
an act parliament. But the statute, thus Commons. ” Hargrave. ]
treated an act attainder, was truth
only act relieve certain persons, WHILE obsequies rites Hen. trust for whom Empson and Dudley were were preparing, (April 23, the particulars
seised various estates; and prevent whereof Hall after his manner relates) king their attainders from hurting innocent per Henry retired privately from Richmond (where sons. Nor there word the act, either his father died) the Tower London, both
confirm the attainder attaint; that might with more leisure advise with will appear consulting the act itself, his council concerning the present affairs his
which extant Rastall's edition of the
Statutes. Yet even the elaborate writers of
the ‘Parliamentary History,’ whom both
lawyers and politicians are much indebted
for their useful and important labours, have were past. He thought not mingle the adopted the error; though throughout that noises. Here then was the first place re work, recourse apparently had the solved make good his authority, having journals and records parliament, which more undoubted right the crown by the stamps with great authority. How this Union the White-Itose and the Red his happened, we cannot otherwise account for, person, than any king ever delivered
than conjecturing, that they were con warrantable history. For this end found firmed the error their predecessors, took occasions. one kind Henry Staf the particular manner which the Journals ford, brother the duke Buckingham,
the Lords take notice the act, whilst
was progress through that house
bill. On the first and second reading, which
was the same day, stiled ‘A Bill con wards frivolous, that, repair this disgrace, cerning Dudley and Empson, and their At was the same year made earl Wiltshire.
also the better avoid those sa lutes and acclamations the people, which could not but be unseasonable, till the lamen tations and solemnity his father's funeral
kingdom,
served for example, who (upon know not what suspicion) was apprehended presently, and com
mitted the Tower; which yet seemed after
he
or
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inby isanon its in it of asof
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heto as us in
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7. ]
in
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285] STATE TRIALS, I HENRY VIII. 1509. —for High Treason. [286
In the other kind, doctor Ruthall became the you imagine more certain sign ruine that object, being (together with one of his council) common-wealth. And will you alone hope made the same day bishop of Duresme. Thus, decline this heavy judgment? When, contrary
though it seems he hasted to take upon him equity and example, you not only make the real marks of soveraignty, yet he so tem precedents for injustice and impunity, but to pered them, as to leave his subjects in hope of gether with defaming would inflict cruel
an even hand. Besides, that he might shew himself gracious to his subjects, he not only
confirmed the pardon his father gave a little
before his death for offences, except mur been thought the best patriots; what can we
der, felony, and treason, (to which general
abolitions not properly reach) but for far
expect then, but fatal period let God turn this away, though
fice. Only, must die,
my inditement may entered
nor divulged foreign nations, lest, they hear, my condemnation, that may argue
ther performance proclamation
could prove himself prived his goods,
his father's last will caused made; that any man then wrongfully de
the sacri me desire that
occasion certain commission for forfeitures, should (upon due
final dissolution government, they invade and overcome you. ”
complaint), have satisfaction; whereupon many Petitions were presently exhibited against Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, esq.
(employed lately for taking the benefit penal well do: that he should find last, he
statutes) that was thought call them fore the council, where Empson spake this
effect:
“Right Honourable and others here present: have remarked two causes general, that
side, considering my violent persecution, can and bringing them wrongfully
not but think favour, that may speak for that tenure they call capite myself; but, alas, whom The king, my the parties could permitted
was punished for passing the bounds his commission from the late king, and for stretch ing law which it's self was severe enough
the common and poorer sort people, from whom exacted most unjustly. ”
The chief parts his Accusation (that can find) were: “1. That had committed di ment. Both these concur manifestly the vers persons prison, without suffering them affairs now questioned, that will not much answer till they had compounded for their implore your patience. Though the other fines. For searching unduly mens estates,
death on those who would maintain them; this might guerdon for those who
must tell you), every where else would have
To this was answered briefly, “That re ceived great deal liberty speak ill,
all? But
record,
move attention. One the greatness, the other the strangeness and novelty argu
master, whom should appeal, my su till they had payed great fines and ransoms. preme judge and protector, abandons me That wards, being come full years, were
my enemies, without other cause, than that not allowed sue out their livery, till they obeyed his father's commands, and upheld the had paid excessive composition. That regal authority. The people, whose equal out-lawed persons could not be allowed sue
trial should put my life, seek my destruction, out their
only because endeavour execute those laws half the profit their lands for two years, whereof themselves were authors. What upon pretence that was according law.
would have happened me, had disobey That usurped upon the jurisdiction
ed my king, broke my country's laws? Sure other courts, hearing, and determining di ly, have anyways transgressed, pro vers matters properly belonging them.
curing, that these penal statutes might ob That whereas
served, which yourselves open parliament theft, the city
decreed, and which you then submitted, one pound, was
both your persons, estates, and posterity; and said Empson conceiving the evidence suf
this crime, why you not first repeal ficient, committed the jury prison, till they your proper acts? Or (which truth) they entered into bond appear before the king's stand still full force and vertue, why you council, where the matter being again consi not vindicate from imputation both your dered, was ordered, they should pay eight selves and me? For who ever yet saw any man pounds for fine (which was thought hein condemned for doing justice? Especially when ous, as, sessions being held afterwards
by the chief dispencer thereof (which the Coventry, particular indictment was framed king) the whole frame the proceeding hath against him, and was found guilty). ” How
been confirmed and warranted Nay, whoever many these Allegations were verified,
saw iman on these terms not rewarded And how far they might warranted the last
must that, which the life and strength king's commission, appears not me. How other actions, the subversion and overthrow soever, for the present, they were (April 23)
mine? Have you read heard any well committed the Tower.
governed country, that the infractors laws This Empson, reported sieve-maker's made publick vote, and consent, escaped son Torcester, from this mean beginning, without punishment, and they only punished his wit and industry, came be council
who laboured sustain them Or when you king Henry and master surveyor his had not read heard any such thing, could forfeits divers kinds, which place served
. . .
pardon, till they had paid
prisoner £eing indicted for Coventry, the value
hold under
without that traverse,
the jury acquitted; the
or
to be is
to
to beof
in
of it in 2. asa in at to
:
if I
I on in fit
7,
to aaa he an he if a a in to to to I be
ofif Isira if I
I is
by be to of
of
to
all
to
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in a
orI it it Ia
do
if, do
or in to Iso he
in isitasontoofif
of
all
?
is
do
is bein
to of I in
a to of
of
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a
in a all
in be
to he
or to be to to
of
to to beus a ofatno
5. 3. to to
he ofofof ininaa toby beofbefit
it in of
all let
ato to ;to toonIto of
by
hesoto4. ifa
of be toto ofhe in tobyorat of6. of Ias (Iasto
is
so
if to
287] STATE TRIALS, 13 HENRY VIII. 1522. —Trial of the [2ss
as an instrument for raising great sums to the arms
king; Dudley (a gentleman of birth and such death
parts as he was chosen Speaker of the parlia Out
ment-house, 19 Henry 7), assisting him. These collected the jury, that their intent was men (called by Polydore Virgil Judices Fiscales) seize the person the new king, and
having it seems exceeded their bounds, were assume the sole government: when they detested of all, but especially the poorer sort, could not attain this, destroy him. —Of which who found it easier to hate than to pay. To crimes, how improbable soever, Dudley his satisfy their complaints therefore, it was thought Tryal Guildhall London, July 16, 1509,
permit them the ordinary ways jus and Empson Northamptor, October were tice; the promoters they used being severely found guilty their Juries, and both con punished the mean time, betwixt the pillory demned Treason, and remanded the
and shame, that they died few days after) prison, save one Giovanni Baptista Grimaldi,
who, foreseeing the storm, took sanctuary Westminster.
Empson and Dudley being (as abovesaid) committed the Tower, new and strange crimes were found and objected against them,
Tower.
Empson and Dudley lying now prison,
condemned and attainted parliament, the importunate clamours the people prevailing with the king this year's progress, not only restored divers mulcts, but for further satisfaction the commonalty (by speciał writ) commanded have their heads struck off, August 18, doing therein (as thought by
appears their Indictments upon record,
wherein they are accused conspiracy against
the king and state; and first, that during the many) more like good king, than good sickness the late king March last, they master. —The attaint against Dudley was re summoned certain of their friends be versed parliament, 5th Hen. 1533.
hour's warning; and upon the
the said king, hasten London. which, and other circumstances, was
27. Trial EDw ARD duke BuckINGHAM, for High Treason; the Court the Lord High Steward England 13th May,
13 Hen. VIII. 1522.
[Lord Herbert's Hen. VIII. Kenn. Compl. Hist. 40. Stowe's Chronicle, 510. ]
[“Some account this Trial met with large revenue, drew himself dangerous various writers, exclusive the notice suspicion; which though was again fomented taken our more modern historians. the cardinal, who disaffected him for some slightly mentioned Polydore Virgil, speeches had cast forth, yet could not have
whose history first came out within eleven twelve years after the event; and from him appears, that the prosecution origi
overthrown him, but that some indiscretion of his own concurred. Besides, suffered much through the offices Charles Knevet, for merly mentioned who yet durst not appear,
nated from the malice of one Charles Kne
vet, who, having been removed from the till saw the duke not only discountenanced,
stewardship some the duke's estates,
for oppressing the tenants, revenge turned
but weakened his friends and allies. And these find two principally one, Henry Percy earl Northumberland, whose daugh ter the duke had married; the other, Thomas
informer against his former master, and be
trayed him his great and powerful enemy
cardinal Wolsey. Polyd. , Virg. ed. Basil,
660, 665. Hall, who was also cytemporary
historian, gives many particulars, relative
well the manner arresting the duke and
his execution, the Trial itself. IIall's
Hen. fol. 85.