Aëtion seems to have
was surprised on one occasion by Poseidon in the excelled particularly in the art of mixing and lay-
island of Sphaeria, whither she had gone, in con- ing on his colours.
was surprised on one occasion by Poseidon in the excelled particularly in the art of mixing and lay-
island of Sphaeria, whither she had gone, in con- ing on his colours.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
)
[L. S. ) south; or a country is put as a town, as Arabia ;
AETHE'RIE. (HELIADES. ]
Noricum is put among the islands. Mistakes of
AEʻTHICUS, HISTER or ISTER, a Roman this kind would easily be made in copying lists,
writer of the fourth century, a native of Istria ac- especially if in double columns. But from other
cording to his surname, or, according to Rabanus reasons and from quotations given by Dicuil, a
Maurus, of Scythia, the author of a geographical writer of the 9th century, from the Cosmographia,
work, called Aethici Cosmographia. We learn differing from the text as we have it, the whole
from the preface that a measurement of the whole appears to be very corrupt. The whole is a very
Roman world was ordered by Julius Caesar to be meagre production, but presents a few valuable
made by the most able men, that this measurement points. Many successful emendations have been
was begun in the consulship of Julius Caesar and made by Salmasius in his Exercitationes Philolo
M. Antonius, i. e. B. C. 44; that three Greeks were gicae, and there is a very valuable essay on the
appointed for the purpose, Zenodoxus, Theodotus, whole subject by Ritschl in the Rheinisches Museum
and Polyclitus ; that Zenodoxus measured all the (1842), i. 4.
eastern part, which occupied him twenty-one years, The sources of the Cosmographia appear to have
five months, and nine days, on to the third consul- been the measurements above described, other offi-
ship of Augustus and Crassus ; that Theodotus cial lists and documents, and also, in all probability,
measured the northern part, which occupied him Agrippa's Commentarii, which are constantly re-
twenty-nine years, eight months, and ten days, on ferred to by Pliny (Hist. Nat. iii. iv. v. vi. ) as an
to the tenth consulship of Augustus; and that authority, and his Chart of the World, which was
Polyclitus measured the southem part, which oc- founded on his Commentari. (Plin. Hist. Nat. iii.
cupied him thirty-two years, one month, and ten 2. )
days; that thus the whole (Roman) world was Cassiodorus (de instit. divin. 25) describes a
gone over by the measurers within thirty-two (? ) cosmographical work by Julius Honorius Crator
years; and that a report of all it contained was in terms which suit exactly the work of Aethicus;
laid before the senate. So it stands in the edd. ; and Salmasius regards Julius Honorius as the real
but the numbers are evidently much corrupted : author of this work, to which opinion Ritschl seems
the contradictoriness of Polyclitus's share taking to lean, reading Ethnicus instead of Aethicus, and
more than 32 years, and the whole measurement considering it as a mere appellative. In some
being made in less than (intra) 32 years is obvious. MSS. the appellatives Sophista and Philosophus
It is to be observed that, in this introductory are found.
statement, no mention is made of the western part One of the oldest MSS. , if not the oldest, is the
(which in the work itself comes next to the east- Vatican one. This is the only one which speaks
ern), except in the Vatican MS. , where the eastern of the west in the introduction. But it is care
part is given to Nicodomus, and the western to lessly written : consulibus (e. g. ) is several times
Didymus.
put for consulatum. Suis is found as a contrac
A census of all the people in the Roman subjec- tion (? ) for suprascriptis. The introduction is very
tion was held under Augustus. (Suidas, s. v. different in this and in the other MSS.
Aŭyovotos. ) By two late writers (Cassiodorus, The first edition of the Cosmographia was by
Var. iji. 52, by an emendation of Huschke, p. 6, Simler, Basel, 1575, together with the luinerarium
über den zur Zeit der Geburt Jesu Christi gehaltenen Antonini. There is an edition by Henry Stephens,
Census, Breslau, 1840 ; and Isidorus, Orig. v. 36. & 1577, with Simler's notes, which also contains
4), this numbering of the people is spoken of as Dionysius, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus. The
connected with the measurement of the land. This last edition is by Gronovius, in his edition of Pom-
work in fact consists of two separate pieces. The ponius Mela Leyden, 1722.
[A. A. )
first begins with a short introduction, the substance AETHILLA (Αίθιλλα or AYθυλλα), a daughter
of which has been given, and then proceeds with of Laomedon and sister of Priam, Astyoche, and
an account of the measurement of the Roman world Medesicaste. After the fall of Troy she became
under four heads, Orientalis, Occidentalis, Septen- the prisoner of Protesilaus, who took her, together
trionalis, Meridiana pars. Then come series of with other captives, with him on his voyage home.
lists of names, arranged under heads, Maria Insu- He landed at Scione in Thrace in order to take in
lae, Montes, Provinciae, Oppida, Flumina and fresh water, While Protesilaus bad gone inland,
Gentes. These are bare lists, excepting that the Aethilla persuaded her fellow-prisoners to set fire
rivers have an account of their rise, course, and to the ships. This was done and all remained on
length annexed. This is the end of the first part, the spot and founded the town of Scione. (Tzetz.
the Expositio. The second part is called Alia to- ad Lycophr. 921, 1075; Conon, Narrat. 13; com-
tius orbis Descriptio, and consists of four divisions: pare P. Mela, ü. 2. § 150; Steph. Byz. s. v.
(1. ) Asiae Provinciae situs cum limitibus et populis Exccvn. )
(L. S. ]
suis ; (2. ) Europae situs, &c. ; (3. ) Africae situs, AE'THIOPS(Aldiox), the Glowing or the Black.
&c. ; (4. ) Insulae Nostri Maris. This part, the 1. A surname of Zeus, under which he was wor-
Descriptio, occurs with slight variations in Orosius, shipped in the island of Chios. (Lycophron, Cuss.
i. 2. In Aethicus what looks like the original 537, with the note of Tzetzes. )
commencement, Majores nostri, &c. , is tacked on 2. A son of Hephaestus, from whom Aethiopia
1
## p. 51 (#71) ##############################################
AETHUSA.
51
AETIUS.
a
a
was believed to have derived its name. (Plin. AETHYJA (Arduia), a surname of Athens,
H. N. vi. 35; Nat. Com. ii. 6. ) (L. S. ] under which she was worshipped in Megaria
AEʻTHLIUS ('Aéelos), the first king of Elis
. (Paus. i. 5. & 3; 41. $ 6; Lycophr. Cass. 359. )
(Paus. v. 1. & 2. ) He was a son of Zeus and The word arbuia signifies a diver, and figuratively
Protogeneia, the daughter of Deucalion (Apollod. a ship, so that the name must have reference to
i. 7. & 2; Hygin. Fab. 155), and was married to the goddess teaching the art of ship-building or
Calyce, by whom he begot Endymion. According navigation. (Tzetz. ad Lycophr. I. c. ) [L. S. ]
to some accounts Endymion was himself a son of AE'TION. [CYPSELUS. )
Zeus and first king of Elis. (Apollod. i. 7. & 5. ) AE'TION ('Aetlwr). 1. A Greek sculptor of
Other traditions again made Aëthlius a son of Amphipolis, mentioned by Callimachus (Anth. Gr.
Aeolus, who was called by the name of Zeus. ix. 336) and Theocritus (Epigr. vii. ), from whom
(Paus. v. 8. § 1. )
(L. S. ] we learn that at the request of Nicias, a famous
AEʻTHLIUS ('ADA. cos), the author of a work physician of Miletus, he executed a statue of Aes-
entitled “Samian Annals" ("poi Edwoi), the fifth culapius in cedar wood. He flourished about the
book of which is quoted by Athenaeus, although middle of the third century B. C. There was an
he expresses a doubt about the genuineness of the engraver of the same name ; but when he lived is not
work. (xiv. p. 650, d. 653, f. ) Aethlius is also known. (K. 0. Müller, Arch. der Kunst, p. 151. )
referred to by Clemens Alexandrinus (Protr. p. 2. A celebrated painter, spoken of by Lucian
30, a), Eustathius (ad Oil, vii. 120, p. 1573), and (De Merced. Cond. 42, Herod. or Aëtion, 4,
in the Etymologicum Magnum (s. 0. vévwtai), &c. , Imag. 7), who gives a description of one of
where the name is written Athlius.
his pictures, representing the marriage of Alexan-
•AETHRA (Alopa). 1. A daughter of king der and Roxana. This painting excited such
Pittheus of Troezen. Bellerophon sued for her admiration when exhibited at the Olympic games,
hand, but was banished from Corinth before the that Proxenidas, one of the judges, gave the artist
nuptials took place. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 12. ) She his daughter in marriage.
Aëtion seems to have
was surprised on one occasion by Poseidon in the excelled particularly in the art of mixing and lay-
island of Sphaeria, whither she had gone, in con- ing on his colours. It has commonly been sup
sequence of a dream, for the purpose of offering a posed that he lived in the time of Alexander the
sacrifice on the tomb of Sphaerus. Aethra there Great ; but the words of Lucian (Herod. 4) shew
fore dedicated in the island a temple to Athena clearly that he must have lived about the time of
Apaturia (the Deceitful), and called the island Hadrian and the Antonines. (K. 0. Müller,
Hiera instead of Sphaeria, and also introduced Arch. der Kunst. p. 240; Kugler, Kunstgeschichte,
among the maidens of Troezen the custom of dedi- p. 320. )
[C. P. M. ]
cating their girdles to Athena Apaturia on the day A E'TIUS, a Roman general, who with his rival
of their marriage. (Paus. ii. 33. $ 11. ) At a later Boniface, has justly been called by Procopius the
time she became the mother of Theseus by Aegeus. last of the Romans. He was born at Dorostana
(Plut. Thes. 3; Hygin. Fab. 14. ) In the night in Moesia (Jornandes, de reb. Get. 34), and his
in which this took place, Poseidon also was be father Gaudentius, a Scythian in the employ of
Jieved to have been with her. (Apollod. iii. 15. the empire, having been killed in a mutiny, he
$7; Hygin. Fab. 37. ) According to Plutarch was early given as a hostage to Alaric, and under
(Thes. 6) her father spread this report merely that bim learnt the arts of barbarian war. (Philostorgius,
Theseus might be regarded as the son of Poseidon, xii
. 12. ) After an ineffectual support of the usuiper
who was much revered at Troezen. This opinion, John with an army of 60,000 men (A. D. 424), he
however, is nothing else but an attempt to strip became the general of the Roman forces under
the genuine story of its marvels. After this event Placidia, at that time guardian of her son, the
she appears living in Attica, from whence she was emperor Valentinian III. In order to supplant in
carried off to Lacedaemon by Castor and Poly- her favour his rival Boniface, by treacherous accu-
deuces, and became a slave of Helen, with whom sations of each to the other, Aëtius occasioned his
she was taken to Troy. (Plut. Thes. 34 ; Hom. revolt and the loss of Africa (Procop. Bell, Vand. i.
Il. ii. 144. ) At the taking of Troy she came to 3, 4); the empress, however, discovered the fraud,
the camp of the Greeks, where she was recognised and Aëtius, after having met Boniface at Ravenna,
by her grandsons, and Demophon, one of them, and killed him in single combat (BONIFACIUS), was
asked Agamemnon to procure ber liberation. himself compelled to retire in disgrace to the
Agamemnon accordingly sent a messenger to Helen Hunnish army which in 424 he had settled in
to request her to give up Aethra. This was Pannonia. (Prosper. and Marcellinus, in anno
granted, and Aethra became free again. (Paus. X. 432. )
25. § 3; Dict. Cret. v. 13. ) According to Hy- Restored with their help to Italy, he became
ginus (Fab. 243) she afterwards put an end to her patrician and sole director of the armies of the
own life from grief at the death of her sons. The western empire. (Jprnandes, de reb. Get. 34. ) In
history of her bondage to Helen was represented this capacity, through his long acquaintance with
on the celebrated chest of Cypselus (Paus. iv. 19. the barbarian settlers, and chiefly with the Huns
$1; Dion Chrysost. Orat. 11), and in a painting and Attila himself, in whose court his son Carpilio
by Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi. (Paus. X. was brought up, he checked the tide of barbarian
25. & 2. )
invasion, and maintained the Roman power in
2. A daughter of Oceanus, by whom Atlas be peace for seventeen years (433-450) in Italy, Spain,
got the twelve Hyades, and a son, Hyas. (Ov. Britain, and Gaul, in which last country especially
Fast. v. 171; Hygin. Fab. 192. ) [L. S. ] he established his influence by means of his Hun
AETHU'SA (Aldovoa), a daughter of Poseidon and Alan allies and by his treaty with Theo
And Alcyone, who was beloved by Apollo, and doric the Visigoth. (Sidon. Apoll
. Panog. duit.
bore to him Eleuther. (Apollod. iü. 10. § 1; 300. ) And when in 450 this peace was broken by
Paus. ix. 20. § 2. )
(L. S. )
the invasion of Attila, Aetius in concert with
E 2
## p. 52 (#72) ##############################################
52
AETIUS.
A ETIUS.
1
1
1
Theodoric arrested it first by the timely relief of servant, and instructed him ; but he was dismissed
Orleans and then by the victory of Chalons in disgrace on publicly disputing against his
(Greg. Turon. ii. 7; Jornandes, de reb. Get. master's interpretation of the Scripture. The
36), and was only prevented from following up his Arian Bishop of the city, named Athanasius, re-
successes in Italy by want of support both from ceived him and read with him the Gospels. After-
Valentinian and his barbarian allies. (Idatius wards he read the Episties with Antonius, a priest
and Isidorus, in anno 450. ) [ATTILA) The of Tarsus till the promotion of the latter to the
greatness of his position as the sole stay of | Episcopate, when he returned to Antioch and
the empire, and as the sole link between Chris studied the Prophets with the priest Leontius.
tendom and the pagan barbarians, may well have His obtrusive irreligion obliged him again to quit
given rise to the belief, whether founded or not, Antioch, and he took refuge in Cilicia (before A. D.
that he designed the imperial throne for himself 348), where he was defeated in argument by some
and a barbarian throne for his son Carpilio (Sid. of the grossest (Borborian) Gnostics. He returni-
Apoll. Paneg. Avit. 204), and accordingly in ed to Antioch, but soon left it for Alexandria,
454, he was murdered by Valentinian himself in being led thither by the fame of the Manichee
an access of jealousy and suspicion (Procop. Bell. Aphthonius, against whom he recovered the fame
Vand. i. 4), and with him (to use the words of the for disputation which he had lately lost. He now
contemporary chronicler Marcellinus, in anno 454), resumed the study of medicine under Sopolis and
"cecidit Hesperium Imperium, nec potuit relevari. ” practised gratuitously, earning money by following
His physical and moral activity well fitted him his former trade by night (Phil. iii. 15) or living
for the life of a soldier (Gregor. Turon. ii. 8), and upon others. (Theodoret, Hist. Eocl. ii. 23. ) His
though destitute of any high principle, he belongs chief employment, however, was an irreverent ap
to the class of men like Augustus and Cromwell
, plication of logical figures and geometrical dia-
whose early crimes are obscured by the usefulness grams to the Nature of the Word of God. (S.
and glory of later life, and in whom a great and Epiphan. adv. Hoeres. & 2, and comp. $ 6, p. 920. )
trying position really calls out new and unknown He returned to Antioch on the elevation of his
excellences.
former master Leontius to that See, A. D. 348, and
(Renatus Frigeridus, in Gregor. Turon. i. 8. ; was by him ordained Deacon (S. Ath. $ 38, transl.
Procop. Bell. Vand. i. 3, 4; Jomandes, de Reb. p. 136), though he declined the ordinary duties of
Get. 34, 36 ; Gibbon, Decline and Fall. c. 33, 35; the Diaconate and accepted that of teaching, A. D.
Herbert's Attila, p. 322. )
[A. P. S. ] 350. (Phil. ii. 17. ) The Catholic laymen,
A EʻTIUS ('Aétios), surnamed the Atheist
, from Diodorus and Flavian, protested against this or-
his denial of the God of Revelation (St. Athanas dination, and Leontius was obliged to depose him.
de Synod. g 6, p. 83, of the translation, Oxf. 1842; | (Thd. ii. 19. ) His dispute with Basil of An-
Socr. Hist. Ecd. ii. 35; Sozom. Hist. Eccl. iv. 29), cyra, A. D.
[L. S. ) south; or a country is put as a town, as Arabia ;
AETHE'RIE. (HELIADES. ]
Noricum is put among the islands. Mistakes of
AEʻTHICUS, HISTER or ISTER, a Roman this kind would easily be made in copying lists,
writer of the fourth century, a native of Istria ac- especially if in double columns. But from other
cording to his surname, or, according to Rabanus reasons and from quotations given by Dicuil, a
Maurus, of Scythia, the author of a geographical writer of the 9th century, from the Cosmographia,
work, called Aethici Cosmographia. We learn differing from the text as we have it, the whole
from the preface that a measurement of the whole appears to be very corrupt. The whole is a very
Roman world was ordered by Julius Caesar to be meagre production, but presents a few valuable
made by the most able men, that this measurement points. Many successful emendations have been
was begun in the consulship of Julius Caesar and made by Salmasius in his Exercitationes Philolo
M. Antonius, i. e. B. C. 44; that three Greeks were gicae, and there is a very valuable essay on the
appointed for the purpose, Zenodoxus, Theodotus, whole subject by Ritschl in the Rheinisches Museum
and Polyclitus ; that Zenodoxus measured all the (1842), i. 4.
eastern part, which occupied him twenty-one years, The sources of the Cosmographia appear to have
five months, and nine days, on to the third consul- been the measurements above described, other offi-
ship of Augustus and Crassus ; that Theodotus cial lists and documents, and also, in all probability,
measured the northern part, which occupied him Agrippa's Commentarii, which are constantly re-
twenty-nine years, eight months, and ten days, on ferred to by Pliny (Hist. Nat. iii. iv. v. vi. ) as an
to the tenth consulship of Augustus; and that authority, and his Chart of the World, which was
Polyclitus measured the southem part, which oc- founded on his Commentari. (Plin. Hist. Nat. iii.
cupied him thirty-two years, one month, and ten 2. )
days; that thus the whole (Roman) world was Cassiodorus (de instit. divin. 25) describes a
gone over by the measurers within thirty-two (? ) cosmographical work by Julius Honorius Crator
years; and that a report of all it contained was in terms which suit exactly the work of Aethicus;
laid before the senate. So it stands in the edd. ; and Salmasius regards Julius Honorius as the real
but the numbers are evidently much corrupted : author of this work, to which opinion Ritschl seems
the contradictoriness of Polyclitus's share taking to lean, reading Ethnicus instead of Aethicus, and
more than 32 years, and the whole measurement considering it as a mere appellative. In some
being made in less than (intra) 32 years is obvious. MSS. the appellatives Sophista and Philosophus
It is to be observed that, in this introductory are found.
statement, no mention is made of the western part One of the oldest MSS. , if not the oldest, is the
(which in the work itself comes next to the east- Vatican one. This is the only one which speaks
ern), except in the Vatican MS. , where the eastern of the west in the introduction. But it is care
part is given to Nicodomus, and the western to lessly written : consulibus (e. g. ) is several times
Didymus.
put for consulatum. Suis is found as a contrac
A census of all the people in the Roman subjec- tion (? ) for suprascriptis. The introduction is very
tion was held under Augustus. (Suidas, s. v. different in this and in the other MSS.
Aŭyovotos. ) By two late writers (Cassiodorus, The first edition of the Cosmographia was by
Var. iji. 52, by an emendation of Huschke, p. 6, Simler, Basel, 1575, together with the luinerarium
über den zur Zeit der Geburt Jesu Christi gehaltenen Antonini. There is an edition by Henry Stephens,
Census, Breslau, 1840 ; and Isidorus, Orig. v. 36. & 1577, with Simler's notes, which also contains
4), this numbering of the people is spoken of as Dionysius, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus. The
connected with the measurement of the land. This last edition is by Gronovius, in his edition of Pom-
work in fact consists of two separate pieces. The ponius Mela Leyden, 1722.
[A. A. )
first begins with a short introduction, the substance AETHILLA (Αίθιλλα or AYθυλλα), a daughter
of which has been given, and then proceeds with of Laomedon and sister of Priam, Astyoche, and
an account of the measurement of the Roman world Medesicaste. After the fall of Troy she became
under four heads, Orientalis, Occidentalis, Septen- the prisoner of Protesilaus, who took her, together
trionalis, Meridiana pars. Then come series of with other captives, with him on his voyage home.
lists of names, arranged under heads, Maria Insu- He landed at Scione in Thrace in order to take in
lae, Montes, Provinciae, Oppida, Flumina and fresh water, While Protesilaus bad gone inland,
Gentes. These are bare lists, excepting that the Aethilla persuaded her fellow-prisoners to set fire
rivers have an account of their rise, course, and to the ships. This was done and all remained on
length annexed. This is the end of the first part, the spot and founded the town of Scione. (Tzetz.
the Expositio. The second part is called Alia to- ad Lycophr. 921, 1075; Conon, Narrat. 13; com-
tius orbis Descriptio, and consists of four divisions: pare P. Mela, ü. 2. § 150; Steph. Byz. s. v.
(1. ) Asiae Provinciae situs cum limitibus et populis Exccvn. )
(L. S. ]
suis ; (2. ) Europae situs, &c. ; (3. ) Africae situs, AE'THIOPS(Aldiox), the Glowing or the Black.
&c. ; (4. ) Insulae Nostri Maris. This part, the 1. A surname of Zeus, under which he was wor-
Descriptio, occurs with slight variations in Orosius, shipped in the island of Chios. (Lycophron, Cuss.
i. 2. In Aethicus what looks like the original 537, with the note of Tzetzes. )
commencement, Majores nostri, &c. , is tacked on 2. A son of Hephaestus, from whom Aethiopia
1
## p. 51 (#71) ##############################################
AETHUSA.
51
AETIUS.
a
a
was believed to have derived its name. (Plin. AETHYJA (Arduia), a surname of Athens,
H. N. vi. 35; Nat. Com. ii. 6. ) (L. S. ] under which she was worshipped in Megaria
AEʻTHLIUS ('Aéelos), the first king of Elis
. (Paus. i. 5. & 3; 41. $ 6; Lycophr. Cass. 359. )
(Paus. v. 1. & 2. ) He was a son of Zeus and The word arbuia signifies a diver, and figuratively
Protogeneia, the daughter of Deucalion (Apollod. a ship, so that the name must have reference to
i. 7. & 2; Hygin. Fab. 155), and was married to the goddess teaching the art of ship-building or
Calyce, by whom he begot Endymion. According navigation. (Tzetz. ad Lycophr. I. c. ) [L. S. ]
to some accounts Endymion was himself a son of AE'TION. [CYPSELUS. )
Zeus and first king of Elis. (Apollod. i. 7. & 5. ) AE'TION ('Aetlwr). 1. A Greek sculptor of
Other traditions again made Aëthlius a son of Amphipolis, mentioned by Callimachus (Anth. Gr.
Aeolus, who was called by the name of Zeus. ix. 336) and Theocritus (Epigr. vii. ), from whom
(Paus. v. 8. § 1. )
(L. S. ] we learn that at the request of Nicias, a famous
AEʻTHLIUS ('ADA. cos), the author of a work physician of Miletus, he executed a statue of Aes-
entitled “Samian Annals" ("poi Edwoi), the fifth culapius in cedar wood. He flourished about the
book of which is quoted by Athenaeus, although middle of the third century B. C. There was an
he expresses a doubt about the genuineness of the engraver of the same name ; but when he lived is not
work. (xiv. p. 650, d. 653, f. ) Aethlius is also known. (K. 0. Müller, Arch. der Kunst, p. 151. )
referred to by Clemens Alexandrinus (Protr. p. 2. A celebrated painter, spoken of by Lucian
30, a), Eustathius (ad Oil, vii. 120, p. 1573), and (De Merced. Cond. 42, Herod. or Aëtion, 4,
in the Etymologicum Magnum (s. 0. vévwtai), &c. , Imag. 7), who gives a description of one of
where the name is written Athlius.
his pictures, representing the marriage of Alexan-
•AETHRA (Alopa). 1. A daughter of king der and Roxana. This painting excited such
Pittheus of Troezen. Bellerophon sued for her admiration when exhibited at the Olympic games,
hand, but was banished from Corinth before the that Proxenidas, one of the judges, gave the artist
nuptials took place. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 12. ) She his daughter in marriage.
Aëtion seems to have
was surprised on one occasion by Poseidon in the excelled particularly in the art of mixing and lay-
island of Sphaeria, whither she had gone, in con- ing on his colours. It has commonly been sup
sequence of a dream, for the purpose of offering a posed that he lived in the time of Alexander the
sacrifice on the tomb of Sphaerus. Aethra there Great ; but the words of Lucian (Herod. 4) shew
fore dedicated in the island a temple to Athena clearly that he must have lived about the time of
Apaturia (the Deceitful), and called the island Hadrian and the Antonines. (K. 0. Müller,
Hiera instead of Sphaeria, and also introduced Arch. der Kunst. p. 240; Kugler, Kunstgeschichte,
among the maidens of Troezen the custom of dedi- p. 320. )
[C. P. M. ]
cating their girdles to Athena Apaturia on the day A E'TIUS, a Roman general, who with his rival
of their marriage. (Paus. ii. 33. $ 11. ) At a later Boniface, has justly been called by Procopius the
time she became the mother of Theseus by Aegeus. last of the Romans. He was born at Dorostana
(Plut. Thes. 3; Hygin. Fab. 14. ) In the night in Moesia (Jornandes, de reb. Get. 34), and his
in which this took place, Poseidon also was be father Gaudentius, a Scythian in the employ of
Jieved to have been with her. (Apollod. iii. 15. the empire, having been killed in a mutiny, he
$7; Hygin. Fab. 37. ) According to Plutarch was early given as a hostage to Alaric, and under
(Thes. 6) her father spread this report merely that bim learnt the arts of barbarian war. (Philostorgius,
Theseus might be regarded as the son of Poseidon, xii
. 12. ) After an ineffectual support of the usuiper
who was much revered at Troezen. This opinion, John with an army of 60,000 men (A. D. 424), he
however, is nothing else but an attempt to strip became the general of the Roman forces under
the genuine story of its marvels. After this event Placidia, at that time guardian of her son, the
she appears living in Attica, from whence she was emperor Valentinian III. In order to supplant in
carried off to Lacedaemon by Castor and Poly- her favour his rival Boniface, by treacherous accu-
deuces, and became a slave of Helen, with whom sations of each to the other, Aëtius occasioned his
she was taken to Troy. (Plut. Thes. 34 ; Hom. revolt and the loss of Africa (Procop. Bell, Vand. i.
Il. ii. 144. ) At the taking of Troy she came to 3, 4); the empress, however, discovered the fraud,
the camp of the Greeks, where she was recognised and Aëtius, after having met Boniface at Ravenna,
by her grandsons, and Demophon, one of them, and killed him in single combat (BONIFACIUS), was
asked Agamemnon to procure ber liberation. himself compelled to retire in disgrace to the
Agamemnon accordingly sent a messenger to Helen Hunnish army which in 424 he had settled in
to request her to give up Aethra. This was Pannonia. (Prosper. and Marcellinus, in anno
granted, and Aethra became free again. (Paus. X. 432. )
25. § 3; Dict. Cret. v. 13. ) According to Hy- Restored with their help to Italy, he became
ginus (Fab. 243) she afterwards put an end to her patrician and sole director of the armies of the
own life from grief at the death of her sons. The western empire. (Jprnandes, de reb. Get. 34. ) In
history of her bondage to Helen was represented this capacity, through his long acquaintance with
on the celebrated chest of Cypselus (Paus. iv. 19. the barbarian settlers, and chiefly with the Huns
$1; Dion Chrysost. Orat. 11), and in a painting and Attila himself, in whose court his son Carpilio
by Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi. (Paus. X. was brought up, he checked the tide of barbarian
25. & 2. )
invasion, and maintained the Roman power in
2. A daughter of Oceanus, by whom Atlas be peace for seventeen years (433-450) in Italy, Spain,
got the twelve Hyades, and a son, Hyas. (Ov. Britain, and Gaul, in which last country especially
Fast. v. 171; Hygin. Fab. 192. ) [L. S. ] he established his influence by means of his Hun
AETHU'SA (Aldovoa), a daughter of Poseidon and Alan allies and by his treaty with Theo
And Alcyone, who was beloved by Apollo, and doric the Visigoth. (Sidon. Apoll
. Panog. duit.
bore to him Eleuther. (Apollod. iü. 10. § 1; 300. ) And when in 450 this peace was broken by
Paus. ix. 20. § 2. )
(L. S. )
the invasion of Attila, Aetius in concert with
E 2
## p. 52 (#72) ##############################################
52
AETIUS.
A ETIUS.
1
1
1
Theodoric arrested it first by the timely relief of servant, and instructed him ; but he was dismissed
Orleans and then by the victory of Chalons in disgrace on publicly disputing against his
(Greg. Turon. ii. 7; Jornandes, de reb. Get. master's interpretation of the Scripture. The
36), and was only prevented from following up his Arian Bishop of the city, named Athanasius, re-
successes in Italy by want of support both from ceived him and read with him the Gospels. After-
Valentinian and his barbarian allies. (Idatius wards he read the Episties with Antonius, a priest
and Isidorus, in anno 450. ) [ATTILA) The of Tarsus till the promotion of the latter to the
greatness of his position as the sole stay of | Episcopate, when he returned to Antioch and
the empire, and as the sole link between Chris studied the Prophets with the priest Leontius.
tendom and the pagan barbarians, may well have His obtrusive irreligion obliged him again to quit
given rise to the belief, whether founded or not, Antioch, and he took refuge in Cilicia (before A. D.
that he designed the imperial throne for himself 348), where he was defeated in argument by some
and a barbarian throne for his son Carpilio (Sid. of the grossest (Borborian) Gnostics. He returni-
Apoll. Paneg. Avit. 204), and accordingly in ed to Antioch, but soon left it for Alexandria,
454, he was murdered by Valentinian himself in being led thither by the fame of the Manichee
an access of jealousy and suspicion (Procop. Bell. Aphthonius, against whom he recovered the fame
Vand. i. 4), and with him (to use the words of the for disputation which he had lately lost. He now
contemporary chronicler Marcellinus, in anno 454), resumed the study of medicine under Sopolis and
"cecidit Hesperium Imperium, nec potuit relevari. ” practised gratuitously, earning money by following
His physical and moral activity well fitted him his former trade by night (Phil. iii. 15) or living
for the life of a soldier (Gregor. Turon. ii. 8), and upon others. (Theodoret, Hist. Eocl. ii. 23. ) His
though destitute of any high principle, he belongs chief employment, however, was an irreverent ap
to the class of men like Augustus and Cromwell
, plication of logical figures and geometrical dia-
whose early crimes are obscured by the usefulness grams to the Nature of the Word of God. (S.
and glory of later life, and in whom a great and Epiphan. adv. Hoeres. & 2, and comp. $ 6, p. 920. )
trying position really calls out new and unknown He returned to Antioch on the elevation of his
excellences.
former master Leontius to that See, A. D. 348, and
(Renatus Frigeridus, in Gregor. Turon. i. 8. ; was by him ordained Deacon (S. Ath. $ 38, transl.
Procop. Bell. Vand. i. 3, 4; Jomandes, de Reb. p. 136), though he declined the ordinary duties of
Get. 34, 36 ; Gibbon, Decline and Fall. c. 33, 35; the Diaconate and accepted that of teaching, A. D.
Herbert's Attila, p. 322. )
[A. P. S. ] 350. (Phil. ii. 17. ) The Catholic laymen,
A EʻTIUS ('Aétios), surnamed the Atheist
, from Diodorus and Flavian, protested against this or-
his denial of the God of Revelation (St. Athanas dination, and Leontius was obliged to depose him.
de Synod. g 6, p. 83, of the translation, Oxf. 1842; | (Thd. ii. 19. ) His dispute with Basil of An-
Socr. Hist. Ecd. ii. 35; Sozom. Hist. Eccl. iv. 29), cyra, A. D.
