All this neighbourhood is
remarkable
for abounding in salt-springs, 7 scattered in different places.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of the Scottish Saints," p.
4.
Article I. —Chapter i. —'This stands for Maelmaedhog, as in the case of Malachy O'Morgair, a. d. 1148 j and, for Maolisa, as
264 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
Saussay makes this saint a native of Scotia. s We have already seen, that many Irishmen were known in Continental countries by names, which they did not bear in Ireland. This is readily accounted for, since their original onesmighthavebeeninflectedbyforeigners,amongwhomtheylived. The present holy man's real name, in Irish, began, perhaps with Ana, according to Dr. Lanigan'sconjecture; but,thewholeremainingpartofwhich,strangers amongwhomheresidedcouldnotwellpronounce. ^ ColgantreatsofSt. Anatolius, at the 3rd of February. 7 The Bollandists allude to him much more diffusely, and with more abundant materials. They have, besides their own preliminary observations and notes, a short old Life, written by some anonymous author. ^ In addition, they present a sketch or a memoir, drawn up by Father Chifflet. 9 The first of these Lives alludes to the fact, that several ancient tracts, referring to the history of holy men, were lost, by accident, worn away from the effects of time, or destroyed by fire. Hence, from tradition had been gleaned a few sparse memorials, deemed to be useful,
and of for the instruction and worthy record,
example ThatSt. AnatoliuswasaScotis constantlyasserted,bymanywriters,who
havetoucheduponhishistory; and,thathewasanIrishoneappearsfrom
his being described as a countryman of St. Columbanus of Luxeu, of St.
Deicolus, and of other distinguished missionaries, whose nationality cannot
fairly be questioned. Thus, in the Acts of St. Maimbodus, a—fter St. Colum-
—olus,Columbanus,andothersaintsfromScotia theoldname banus, Deic
forIreland andwhohadillustratedBurgundy,Anatolius,"fromthesame
Scotia, is especially named. According to an opinion of Chififlet, in that little sketch of his Life, Anatolius might have lived, early in the fifth century. In that case. Dr. Lanigan opines, he should have been either a Greek or a Cilician. There was, indeed, an Anatolius, Bishop of Adana, in Cilicia, who took part with St. John Chrysostom against Theophilus of Alexandria, and of whom Palladius" says, that it was reported he had withdrawn to Gaul. ^3 Now, whatever might have been the vulgar mode of speaking that prevailed, after the sixth century, when the Irish began to be generally known in France ; it cannot be supposed, that an Oriental bishop, who lived before St. Patrick preached in Ireland, could have been called by the inhabitants of Gaul, a Scotus. ^4 That our saint was the latter, ancient tradition in the archdiocese of Besangon^s affirms.
s See "Martyrologium Gallicanum," at this day.
^
See"EcclesiasticalHistoryofIreland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 365-
stinatum. "—See John Bollandus, iu "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , F'ebruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo, Salinis in Burgundia. Commentarius Praevius, sect, i. , 3, p. 355.
"In Dialogo, "Vita S. Joannis Chry- sostomi," Archiep. Const,
^3 See an account regarding him, in
**
7 See ruarii iii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"Feb- De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Con-
fessore.
^
Ex diversis, p. 243.
This was procured from some Salins
"Operum Tomus Septimus," De Scriptori- bus Ecclesiasticis, Liber Unus, auctore Roberto S. R. E. Cardinale Bellarmino, So- cietatis Jesu, pp. 116, 117. He flourished in the fourth
Manuscript, through the Jesuit Father, Peter Francis Chifflet. It is supposed to have been written in the tenth or eleventh century.
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo Salinis
in Burgundia, pp. 355 to 360.
^° See Vita auctore anonymo, es MSS.
eruta a Petro Francisco Chiffletio, sect, i. , P« 358-
century,
'4 See Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical His-
""
Post hos vero celeberrimum Confes-
lory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
'S Ceasar, in his Commentaries, describes this ancient city as " oppidum maximum Sequanorum. " He describes the River Doubs, surrounding it on all sides, like a fosse, except at one point of approach,
where a high mountain, secured by a wall, formed a kind of citadel. This was united
sorem praedicamus Anatolium, ex Scottia itidem genitum, lumen tibi a Domino de-
of future ^° generations.
IfEBRUARY 3. ] LIVES OF THn II^ISH SAINTS. 265
It has been imagined, that he of Adana, in CiUcia, was the AnatoHus, so famous at Salins. ^^ To account for his having been universally called a Scotus, Chifflet says, that he might have been so denominated, in the same manner, as all foreigners, in old times, were vulgarly called Scoti, in France/7 This is a truly pitiful evasion ; for, in the first place, Chifflet could not have provedthisposition; whereas,althoughtherewereinthemiddleagesvery many Irish there, yet, we know from the French writers of those times, that all foreigners were not indiscriminately called Scoti. For example, Alcuin, Theodulf, Claudius, Prudentius, &c. , are not reckoned among the Scoti, by the French,^^ because their respective countries were well known. The Bollandists have a sufficiently long dissertation, on the question of this AnatoliusbelongingtoConstantinopleorAdana. Topayacomplimentto
Chifflet, they state, that his opinion is probable ; yet, they lay down, that the other tradition, about Anatolius having been a Scotus, ought not to be rashly
disturbed, after being in possession, during a long line of centuries. '9 The early Scottish writers were greatly astray, in reference to his personality. ^'^ Anatolius of Salins has been confounded with Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea,
Camerarius^' and He lived in the third — and wrote by Dempster. century,
on the Paschal Cycle. ''^ —Our saint has also been identified^3 but very in-
correctly we may assume with AnatoHus, a patriarch of Constantinople,^''* who lived in the fifth century. ^5 it seems hardly possible, at this time, and owing to the loss of early records, relating to his life, that we should be able to ascertain, when St. Anatolius first saw the light, or in what particular part of Ireland he was born. His original name is unknown, and his race is equallyunnoted, sothat,wemustonlyadducethefewincidentsofhiscareer, transmitted to us, through French sources.
Anatolius was a bishop, before he left Ireland, as would appear from his
special Acts. ^^ He was wholly intent on God's service, and devoted to a
contemplative life. As there is no preference of persons before the Almighty, the old anonymous writer did not deem it necessary to enquire about his
with the city, a great part of which lay with-
in a beautiful valley. See " Commentario-
»^
43, pp. 33, 33.
=* See at the 13th of April and at the 8th
of October, Camerarius, "Menologium Paradinus states, that in the time of Scoticum," pp. 196, 214. Bishop Forbes'
rum, de Bello Galileo," lib. L, cap. xxxviii.
King Lothaire IV. the precious body of St.
the who is said to Anatholius, Patriarch,
have been a Scot, owing to exertions of am-
bassadors, had been transferred from Con- "
"
Kalendars of the Scottish Saints. "
^^ his learning is alluded Incidentally great
stantinople to Salins. In Antiquitatibus lib. iii. , cap. 25, pp. 23$, 236.
Burgundicis. "
^7 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Alia Vita ex schedis Pet. Franc. Chiffletii, Soc. Jesu, sect, i. , p. 359. Also the Commentarius Prsevius, sect, ii. , pp. 356, 359, ibid.
=3 For confirmation of his statement, "
»^ See Dr.
tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect. vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
pp. 357, 358,
old edition.
In Apparatu," p. cxlv. him " iste Scotticae
2° Thus
of these works :—i.
makes him the author
Fuit igitur
Lanigan's
tici,"
treats about this Anatolius.
"
=5SeeDempster's HistoriaEcclesiastica
Gentis Scotorvun," tomus i. , lib. i. , p. 32.
Dempster
regionis oriundus, Pontificali officio, ut fert priorum assertio, prreditus," &c. —See the Bollandists'
Contra Eutychianos, lib. i. 2. Ad Sanctissimum Leonem Papam,
" Ecclesiastical His-
451. Baronius, in his
^9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. Commentarius Praevius, sect, iii. , Also,
lib. i. 3. Ad Synodum Oecumenicam " Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , Februarii iii. Chalcedonensem, contra Eutychianos Col- Vita auctore anonymo, ex MSS. eruta a lectam, lib. i. See " Historia Ecclesiastica Pet. Franc. Chiffletio, S. J. , sect. 3, p. 358. Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. , sect.
to in the pages of Venerable Bede. See
"Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
Dempster foolishly cites Nicephorus' His- toria Ecclesiastica," lib. xv. , cap. xvi.
=+ He succeeded St. Flavian, and he was present at the Council of Chalcedon, A. D.
"
:
yir
Annales Ecclesias- from A. D. 449 to 458, when he died,
"
^^ In the anonymous Life, we read of
j66 LIVE^ of the IRISH SAINTS.
[February 3.
genealogy, particularly, as those, who have gone to join the angelic choirs, deservemostthehonourofbeingremembered. Meekness,patience,modera-
tion, abstinence, sobriety and modesty were his characteristics. But, above all things, he abounded in charity, the chief stay of a truly religious life. =7
Anatolius, like many of his countrymen, desired to make a pilgrimage to Rome,thathemightvisitthetombsoftheApostlesandMartyrs. =^^ Itseems
likely,hiscourseoftravelledhimthroughthekingdomofBurgundy; and, probably on the way, he frequently stopped to admire the beauties of its
mountain scenery. His primary object being accomplished, perhaps re- membrance of a favourite site led him back to select a settlement there, and
to close in the French highlands his mortal career.
CHAPTER II.
ST. ANATOLIUS SETTLES AT SALINS—DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE—ST. ANATOLIUS LIVES THERE FOR A SHORT PERIOD—HIS DEATH—VENERATION PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MIRACLES AFTER HIS DEPARTURE—CONCLUSION.
In the archiepiscopate of Besangon,^—also called Crispolis^—there was a certain place, called Scodinga, where an old Roman road3 led through a valley. This is now known as the site where Salins+ is to be found, and according to some ancient records, the spot was characterized as Pagus
Scutingorum,s Scotengorum, or Scutengorum. ^ This region was probably so called, because it had become a favourite settlement for the Scots or Irish.
All this neighbourhood is remarkable for abounding in salt-springs, 7 scattered in different places. ^ Yet, not far apart are fountains of fresh water. The
spacious city of Salins 9 is charmingly located, on a wide plateau, between
^ See ibid, s See Fredegarius Scholasticus, cap. 24. '' ^"
Dempster, citing Mantissa Apparatus Historise Scoticae, pag. civ. , says, very ab- surdly, he was one of the Scots, who followed
**
Pope Innocent I. See
astica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. ,
Chesnay says, Defuncto Wandalmaro Duce, in pago Vetra-lurano et Scutingorum, Potadius Patricius ordinatur. "
^ Gollut, an old historian of Burgundy, thought that the salt-waters of Salins were
known in the middle
only ages. This,
however, appears to be a mistake ; for, Strabo tells us, that at Rome, the clear and
finely-tasted salt, which came from the
sect.
Chapter ii.
31,— 43, pp. 32.
'
This city, as we are told, was Latinized or Grecised Vesontis, Bisontis, or Chrysopolis, which latter signifies "the
Historia Ecclesi-
golden city," according to John James country of the Sequani, was held in great •* "
Chifflet Vesontionis," pars i. , cap. 12. esteem. See M. Bullet's Memoires sur la
^
In the fourth century, it being the chief Langue Celtique," tome i. Premiere city of the Crispolins. Bullet derives Be- Partie. Description Etymologique des
san9on from the Celtic roots, Bes, "a cur-
vature," an or on, **a river," and con, **a rock ;" in other words, the complete name isrenderedinFr—ench"rocdansunecour- burede riviere. " "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," tome i. Description Etymolo- gique des Gaules, p. 144.
3 See Ludovicus GoUutius, " De Rebus
Sequanicis," lib. ii. , cap. 10, 22. This road extends for three leagues, and it was paved with stones, where the rocks were not to be found. Ibid>, cap. 32.
< A French writer, M. Pelisson, has given
a very interesting description of Salins, and its salt-waters,
Gaules, p. 183.
^
HenceSalinsderiveditsname. Saltof remarkable whiteness was manufactured there,anditbecameachiefarticleofcom* merce, having been drawn away to distant places in large waggons. The salt manu* factories and warehouses of Salins, as also its elegant and fine buildings, churches, and walls, are described by Franciscus Ran* chinus, "Europa," tomus ii. , and by Jean
Jaques Chifflet, 5.
"
Vesontionis," pars i. , cap.
' Sal is rendered into sel in French, and it is made solan into the Irish and Gaelic Scottish languages, in M. Bullet's celebrated
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 267
two distant mountains. '° The name" of this city, according to Bullet," has a Celtic origin. '3 It is watered by a small river, called La Furieuse, and for more than seven hundred years,'* it has borne this name, although its original seems to have been Frws,^5 Latinized Furusia. ^^ This name, it is said to have obtained, from roaring torrents, that descended through its course, when rain fell abundantly, in the mountains around it. '7 it is stated, that on returning from Rome, Anatolius stopped at a beautifully situated mountain
or rock. Hence it was called the " valleyandcityofSalinae,nowSalins,inthedioceseofBesangon. '^ Atthis place, girded round by high hills, he prayed in an oratory, called from St Symphorian,martj^ofAutun. 's TheScottishpilgrimlikedthesite,andhede- termined on remaining there. It may be found at present in the Department of Jura. =° Here, Anatolius devoted himself to prayer ; and, as our Lord pro- mises every thing to his disciples who are so engaged,^^ the saint soon ob- tained the great object of his desires. He wished to depart from life, in this
="=
Al- though his name is not found in the list of the Besan§on prelates, drawn up by John J. Chifflet^3 and Robert Claude,^* yet Molanus and Ferrarius thought's that Anatolius was bishop over that see. Colgan^'^ and the Bollandists have shown, however, this is a mistake. It is clear, also, from his anonymous Life,thatAnatoliushadnoseeinFrance. Hisdesireappearstohavebeen, when he found his selected place for retirement, to avoid all ecclesiastical
happy valley, and so to obtain the everlasting felicity of the saints.
and learned work, "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," contenant. i° L'Histoire de cette Langue, et une indication des sources oil Ton peut la trouver aujourd 'hui. 2° Une description etymologique des Villes, Rivieres, Montagnes, Forets, Curiosites na- turelles des Gaules ; de la meilleure partie de I'Espagne et de I'ltalie ; de la Grande Bretagne, dont les Gaulois, ont ete les pre- miers Habitans. 3° Un Dictionnaire Cel- tique renfermant tous les termes de cette Langue. Par M. Bullet, tome iii. , seconde partie, p. 331.
'° M. Pelisson states, that the Romans
called the heights around Salins "Monts
d'Or," whence some have thought, gold had been thence extracted ; however, M. Bullet
remarks, that dor has the Celtic signification "source," and, hence, we may consider the true etymology to be "the mountains of
springs," or "sources. " See ibid. ^ pp. 183,
^5 See ibid. , p. 184. The old anonymous Life of St. Anatolius is quoted as a proof.
^^
Thus noted on a Chart of Gaucher Sire de Salins.
^7 Gilbertus Cognatus says, it was called
184.
Its situation is defined on Alexander
^°
^^ "
It is compounded of the words sal, "salt," and^w, "source," thus "source of
or "salt-source. "
" This truly learned ecclesiastic was First
Professor Royal and Dean of the Theolo-
in the
He was also a Member of the Academy of
Keith Johnston's Royal Atlas of Modem
Geography," Sheet 10. France in Depart* ments.
=* John xvi. , 22.
salt,"
University
Science, Literature, and Arts, in the same =3
gical Faculty,
Besan9on.
His noble work was printed, in three folio volumes, at Besan9on, a. d. 1754,
1759, 1760.
^3 See ibid. , tome 1.
Description Etymologique 183.
P' 359-
'*
De Archiepiscopis Bisontinis. "
'^^ In his Catalogue of the Bishops of this
city*
'* This appears from the ancient Life of our saint, published by the Bollandists.
.
. ,
Premiere partie»
„ des
See, num. 63. ^s See their
respective
Calendars at this
of
" Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Februarii
Gaules, p.
date.
"^ See "Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae,"
Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Confessorej Ex diversis, nn. i, 3, p; 243^
golden
mountain. " It arose over the
Forio or Foriola, according to some, urbem immunditiis purget. "
^^
*'
Charnage wrote "Histoire de la Ville et Diocese de Besan5on," in two 4to volumes, pubHshed A. D. 1750. The city has a public library of 60,000 volumes, a museum and botanical gardens. Its university was dis- solved at the period of the Revolution. A
lyceum and college were founded in 1801. "
See Gazetteer of the World," vol. ii. , pp.
720, 721.
'9 His feast occurs at the 22nd of August.
The Bollandist Father William Cuper has edited his Acts, at that date. See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Augusti xxii. , pp. 491 to 498.
^^
See Vita auctore anonymo, sect. 6» iii. ,
quod
26S LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February 3.
honoursandemolument. Hewishedtoliveanddieinhisfavouritesolitude, andperhapsunattached. AlthoughSt. Anatoliuswasabishop,sofarascan be known, he was not connected with any see, in France. Nor does he appear to have even exercised episcopal functions, while residing in that country. Only a few days after his arrival, he was called to the enjoyment of everlasting bliss. His remains were buried at Salins, where for more than six centuries they reposed and were venerated. ^7
those were and exhumed,
='^ built
in a ofHumbert,LordofSalins,andofhiswifeHermenburga. Thisdeposition, in a magnificent tomb, took place, on the Ides of June. 3° So far as relates to the time of his death, we can find nothing, that might enable us even to guess at its period. 3^ He is venerated, at the 3rd of February, according to a Carthusian Manuscript of Bruxelles; and, according to a Martyrology, belongingtotheMetropolitanChurchofBesangon. s^ Thisisadmitted,by Miraeus, who places his festival, however, at the i8th January. 33 Generally, it is held, that his nataHs, or the anniversary of it, was kept, through long descending tradition, on the 3rd day of February. 34 In several calendars, such an entry may be found. A Duplex Office was recited, also, at this
3°
See further
Corresponding with the 13th of June.
at that date.
notices,
Yet, Dempster very confidently sets it
s'
down, that this saint died A. d. 458, in the
deposited
basilica,
by Hugo,=9
the
son
date. 3S
The chief of three collegiate churchess^ at Salins, of which Anatolius is the
patronsaint,hasbeencalledbyhisname. Herehisremainsarepreserved. 37
Besides this, one of the four parish churches,3S belonging to that city, and on the mountain, at the south side of which is the hermitage of St. Anatolius, has been dedicated to his memory. The castle of Blin39 towered over it, and over the chapel,connectedwiththecastle. 4° ThiswasoneofthefortsofSalins. The memory of St. Anatolius is very famous for miracles, said to have been wrought athistomb; and,hisfeasthasbeengreatlycelebrated,inthedioceseofBesan- 9on,particularlyatSalins. ^^ TheancientwriterofhisActsavers,thatitwould
^1 See Franciscus Guill^mannus " De Rebus Helvetiorum," lib. ii. , cap. xiii.
=^
This was dedicated to St. Symphronian and to St. Anatolius ; to St. Agatha and to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Annexed was a noble college of canons. We are told, that
Hugo lived near this church, to which were *' " brought monachos Diuionenses, by him.
By order of Pope Leo IX. and of Henry III. ,
Emperor, these were ejected, and the canons
were restored to it. Jean Jaques Chifflet •'
Vensontionis," pars ii. , cap. 48.
^9 He was Archbishop of Besanfon.
that of Salins. Saussay, Ferrarius and Mo- lanus, with many other authorities, seem to
agree on this point. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Confessore. Ex di- versis, p. 243 and nn. 4, 5.
3S According to Robert Claude, in his
Catalogue of the Bishops of Besanjon. See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Commentarius Prsevius, sect, i. , num. 4, p. 356. Old edition.
36 Qne of these, and the principal, had been dedicated to St. Anatolius, the second to St. Maurice, and the third to St. Michael.
^^ See " Gain- Sausay Martyrologium
canum," at the 3rd of February,
3^ Their titulars were St. Anatolius, St.
nineteenth year of Pope St. Leo I. , Eu- Maurice, St. John the Baptist, and the
genius II. , reigning over the Scots. Again, he adds, this holy man's relics were trans- lated to Salins, Pope Leo VIII. in St.
Article I. —Chapter i. —'This stands for Maelmaedhog, as in the case of Malachy O'Morgair, a. d. 1148 j and, for Maolisa, as
264 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February 3.
Saussay makes this saint a native of Scotia. s We have already seen, that many Irishmen were known in Continental countries by names, which they did not bear in Ireland. This is readily accounted for, since their original onesmighthavebeeninflectedbyforeigners,amongwhomtheylived. The present holy man's real name, in Irish, began, perhaps with Ana, according to Dr. Lanigan'sconjecture; but,thewholeremainingpartofwhich,strangers amongwhomheresidedcouldnotwellpronounce. ^ ColgantreatsofSt. Anatolius, at the 3rd of February. 7 The Bollandists allude to him much more diffusely, and with more abundant materials. They have, besides their own preliminary observations and notes, a short old Life, written by some anonymous author. ^ In addition, they present a sketch or a memoir, drawn up by Father Chifflet. 9 The first of these Lives alludes to the fact, that several ancient tracts, referring to the history of holy men, were lost, by accident, worn away from the effects of time, or destroyed by fire. Hence, from tradition had been gleaned a few sparse memorials, deemed to be useful,
and of for the instruction and worthy record,
example ThatSt. AnatoliuswasaScotis constantlyasserted,bymanywriters,who
havetoucheduponhishistory; and,thathewasanIrishoneappearsfrom
his being described as a countryman of St. Columbanus of Luxeu, of St.
Deicolus, and of other distinguished missionaries, whose nationality cannot
fairly be questioned. Thus, in the Acts of St. Maimbodus, a—fter St. Colum-
—olus,Columbanus,andothersaintsfromScotia theoldname banus, Deic
forIreland andwhohadillustratedBurgundy,Anatolius,"fromthesame
Scotia, is especially named. According to an opinion of Chififlet, in that little sketch of his Life, Anatolius might have lived, early in the fifth century. In that case. Dr. Lanigan opines, he should have been either a Greek or a Cilician. There was, indeed, an Anatolius, Bishop of Adana, in Cilicia, who took part with St. John Chrysostom against Theophilus of Alexandria, and of whom Palladius" says, that it was reported he had withdrawn to Gaul. ^3 Now, whatever might have been the vulgar mode of speaking that prevailed, after the sixth century, when the Irish began to be generally known in France ; it cannot be supposed, that an Oriental bishop, who lived before St. Patrick preached in Ireland, could have been called by the inhabitants of Gaul, a Scotus. ^4 That our saint was the latter, ancient tradition in the archdiocese of Besangon^s affirms.
s See "Martyrologium Gallicanum," at this day.
^
See"EcclesiasticalHistoryofIreland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 365-
stinatum. "—See John Bollandus, iu "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , F'ebruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo, Salinis in Burgundia. Commentarius Praevius, sect, i. , 3, p. 355.
"In Dialogo, "Vita S. Joannis Chry- sostomi," Archiep. Const,
^3 See an account regarding him, in
**
7 See ruarii iii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"Feb- De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Con-
fessore.
^
Ex diversis, p. 243.
This was procured from some Salins
"Operum Tomus Septimus," De Scriptori- bus Ecclesiasticis, Liber Unus, auctore Roberto S. R. E. Cardinale Bellarmino, So- cietatis Jesu, pp. 116, 117. He flourished in the fourth
Manuscript, through the Jesuit Father, Peter Francis Chifflet. It is supposed to have been written in the tenth or eleventh century.
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo Salinis
in Burgundia, pp. 355 to 360.
^° See Vita auctore anonymo, es MSS.
eruta a Petro Francisco Chiffletio, sect, i. , P« 358-
century,
'4 See Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical His-
""
Post hos vero celeberrimum Confes-
lory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect, vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
'S Ceasar, in his Commentaries, describes this ancient city as " oppidum maximum Sequanorum. " He describes the River Doubs, surrounding it on all sides, like a fosse, except at one point of approach,
where a high mountain, secured by a wall, formed a kind of citadel. This was united
sorem praedicamus Anatolium, ex Scottia itidem genitum, lumen tibi a Domino de-
of future ^° generations.
IfEBRUARY 3. ] LIVES OF THn II^ISH SAINTS. 265
It has been imagined, that he of Adana, in CiUcia, was the AnatoHus, so famous at Salins. ^^ To account for his having been universally called a Scotus, Chifflet says, that he might have been so denominated, in the same manner, as all foreigners, in old times, were vulgarly called Scoti, in France/7 This is a truly pitiful evasion ; for, in the first place, Chifflet could not have provedthisposition; whereas,althoughtherewereinthemiddleagesvery many Irish there, yet, we know from the French writers of those times, that all foreigners were not indiscriminately called Scoti. For example, Alcuin, Theodulf, Claudius, Prudentius, &c. , are not reckoned among the Scoti, by the French,^^ because their respective countries were well known. The Bollandists have a sufficiently long dissertation, on the question of this AnatoliusbelongingtoConstantinopleorAdana. Topayacomplimentto
Chifflet, they state, that his opinion is probable ; yet, they lay down, that the other tradition, about Anatolius having been a Scotus, ought not to be rashly
disturbed, after being in possession, during a long line of centuries. '9 The early Scottish writers were greatly astray, in reference to his personality. ^'^ Anatolius of Salins has been confounded with Anatolius, Bishop of Laodicea,
Camerarius^' and He lived in the third — and wrote by Dempster. century,
on the Paschal Cycle. ''^ —Our saint has also been identified^3 but very in-
correctly we may assume with AnatoHus, a patriarch of Constantinople,^''* who lived in the fifth century. ^5 it seems hardly possible, at this time, and owing to the loss of early records, relating to his life, that we should be able to ascertain, when St. Anatolius first saw the light, or in what particular part of Ireland he was born. His original name is unknown, and his race is equallyunnoted, sothat,wemustonlyadducethefewincidentsofhiscareer, transmitted to us, through French sources.
Anatolius was a bishop, before he left Ireland, as would appear from his
special Acts. ^^ He was wholly intent on God's service, and devoted to a
contemplative life. As there is no preference of persons before the Almighty, the old anonymous writer did not deem it necessary to enquire about his
with the city, a great part of which lay with-
in a beautiful valley. See " Commentario-
»^
43, pp. 33, 33.
=* See at the 13th of April and at the 8th
of October, Camerarius, "Menologium Paradinus states, that in the time of Scoticum," pp. 196, 214. Bishop Forbes'
rum, de Bello Galileo," lib. L, cap. xxxviii.
King Lothaire IV. the precious body of St.
the who is said to Anatholius, Patriarch,
have been a Scot, owing to exertions of am-
bassadors, had been transferred from Con- "
"
Kalendars of the Scottish Saints. "
^^ his learning is alluded Incidentally great
stantinople to Salins. In Antiquitatibus lib. iii. , cap. 25, pp. 23$, 236.
Burgundicis. "
^7 See the Bollandists' "Acta Sancto-
rum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Alia Vita ex schedis Pet. Franc. Chiffletii, Soc. Jesu, sect, i. , p. 359. Also the Commentarius Prsevius, sect, ii. , pp. 356, 359, ibid.
=3 For confirmation of his statement, "
»^ See Dr.
tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxii. , sect. vii. , n. 75, p. 364.
pp. 357, 358,
old edition.
In Apparatu," p. cxlv. him " iste Scotticae
2° Thus
of these works :—i.
makes him the author
Fuit igitur
Lanigan's
tici,"
treats about this Anatolius.
"
=5SeeDempster's HistoriaEcclesiastica
Gentis Scotorvun," tomus i. , lib. i. , p. 32.
Dempster
regionis oriundus, Pontificali officio, ut fert priorum assertio, prreditus," &c. —See the Bollandists'
Contra Eutychianos, lib. i. 2. Ad Sanctissimum Leonem Papam,
" Ecclesiastical His-
451. Baronius, in his
^9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Feb-
ruarii iii. Commentarius Praevius, sect, iii. , Also,
lib. i. 3. Ad Synodum Oecumenicam " Acta Sanctorum," tomus 1. , Februarii iii. Chalcedonensem, contra Eutychianos Col- Vita auctore anonymo, ex MSS. eruta a lectam, lib. i. See " Historia Ecclesiastica Pet. Franc. Chiffletio, S. J. , sect. 3, p. 358. Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. , sect.
to in the pages of Venerable Bede. See
"Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
Dempster foolishly cites Nicephorus' His- toria Ecclesiastica," lib. xv. , cap. xvi.
=+ He succeeded St. Flavian, and he was present at the Council of Chalcedon, A. D.
"
:
yir
Annales Ecclesias- from A. D. 449 to 458, when he died,
"
^^ In the anonymous Life, we read of
j66 LIVE^ of the IRISH SAINTS.
[February 3.
genealogy, particularly, as those, who have gone to join the angelic choirs, deservemostthehonourofbeingremembered. Meekness,patience,modera-
tion, abstinence, sobriety and modesty were his characteristics. But, above all things, he abounded in charity, the chief stay of a truly religious life. =7
Anatolius, like many of his countrymen, desired to make a pilgrimage to Rome,thathemightvisitthetombsoftheApostlesandMartyrs. =^^ Itseems
likely,hiscourseoftravelledhimthroughthekingdomofBurgundy; and, probably on the way, he frequently stopped to admire the beauties of its
mountain scenery. His primary object being accomplished, perhaps re- membrance of a favourite site led him back to select a settlement there, and
to close in the French highlands his mortal career.
CHAPTER II.
ST. ANATOLIUS SETTLES AT SALINS—DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE—ST. ANATOLIUS LIVES THERE FOR A SHORT PERIOD—HIS DEATH—VENERATION PAID TO HIS MEMORY—MIRACLES AFTER HIS DEPARTURE—CONCLUSION.
In the archiepiscopate of Besangon,^—also called Crispolis^—there was a certain place, called Scodinga, where an old Roman road3 led through a valley. This is now known as the site where Salins+ is to be found, and according to some ancient records, the spot was characterized as Pagus
Scutingorum,s Scotengorum, or Scutengorum. ^ This region was probably so called, because it had become a favourite settlement for the Scots or Irish.
All this neighbourhood is remarkable for abounding in salt-springs, 7 scattered in different places. ^ Yet, not far apart are fountains of fresh water. The
spacious city of Salins 9 is charmingly located, on a wide plateau, between
^ See ibid, s See Fredegarius Scholasticus, cap. 24. '' ^"
Dempster, citing Mantissa Apparatus Historise Scoticae, pag. civ. , says, very ab- surdly, he was one of the Scots, who followed
**
Pope Innocent I. See
astica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. i. ,
Chesnay says, Defuncto Wandalmaro Duce, in pago Vetra-lurano et Scutingorum, Potadius Patricius ordinatur. "
^ Gollut, an old historian of Burgundy, thought that the salt-waters of Salins were
known in the middle
only ages. This,
however, appears to be a mistake ; for, Strabo tells us, that at Rome, the clear and
finely-tasted salt, which came from the
sect.
Chapter ii.
31,— 43, pp. 32.
'
This city, as we are told, was Latinized or Grecised Vesontis, Bisontis, or Chrysopolis, which latter signifies "the
Historia Ecclesi-
golden city," according to John James country of the Sequani, was held in great •* "
Chifflet Vesontionis," pars i. , cap. 12. esteem. See M. Bullet's Memoires sur la
^
In the fourth century, it being the chief Langue Celtique," tome i. Premiere city of the Crispolins. Bullet derives Be- Partie. Description Etymologique des
san9on from the Celtic roots, Bes, "a cur-
vature," an or on, **a river," and con, **a rock ;" in other words, the complete name isrenderedinFr—ench"rocdansunecour- burede riviere. " "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," tome i. Description Etymolo- gique des Gaules, p. 144.
3 See Ludovicus GoUutius, " De Rebus
Sequanicis," lib. ii. , cap. 10, 22. This road extends for three leagues, and it was paved with stones, where the rocks were not to be found. Ibid>, cap. 32.
< A French writer, M. Pelisson, has given
a very interesting description of Salins, and its salt-waters,
Gaules, p. 183.
^
HenceSalinsderiveditsname. Saltof remarkable whiteness was manufactured there,anditbecameachiefarticleofcom* merce, having been drawn away to distant places in large waggons. The salt manu* factories and warehouses of Salins, as also its elegant and fine buildings, churches, and walls, are described by Franciscus Ran* chinus, "Europa," tomus ii. , and by Jean
Jaques Chifflet, 5.
"
Vesontionis," pars i. , cap.
' Sal is rendered into sel in French, and it is made solan into the Irish and Gaelic Scottish languages, in M. Bullet's celebrated
February 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 267
two distant mountains. '° The name" of this city, according to Bullet," has a Celtic origin. '3 It is watered by a small river, called La Furieuse, and for more than seven hundred years,'* it has borne this name, although its original seems to have been Frws,^5 Latinized Furusia. ^^ This name, it is said to have obtained, from roaring torrents, that descended through its course, when rain fell abundantly, in the mountains around it. '7 it is stated, that on returning from Rome, Anatolius stopped at a beautifully situated mountain
or rock. Hence it was called the " valleyandcityofSalinae,nowSalins,inthedioceseofBesangon. '^ Atthis place, girded round by high hills, he prayed in an oratory, called from St Symphorian,martj^ofAutun. 's TheScottishpilgrimlikedthesite,andhede- termined on remaining there. It may be found at present in the Department of Jura. =° Here, Anatolius devoted himself to prayer ; and, as our Lord pro- mises every thing to his disciples who are so engaged,^^ the saint soon ob- tained the great object of his desires. He wished to depart from life, in this
="=
Al- though his name is not found in the list of the Besan§on prelates, drawn up by John J. Chifflet^3 and Robert Claude,^* yet Molanus and Ferrarius thought's that Anatolius was bishop over that see. Colgan^'^ and the Bollandists have shown, however, this is a mistake. It is clear, also, from his anonymous Life,thatAnatoliushadnoseeinFrance. Hisdesireappearstohavebeen, when he found his selected place for retirement, to avoid all ecclesiastical
happy valley, and so to obtain the everlasting felicity of the saints.
and learned work, "Memoires sur la Langue Celtique," contenant. i° L'Histoire de cette Langue, et une indication des sources oil Ton peut la trouver aujourd 'hui. 2° Une description etymologique des Villes, Rivieres, Montagnes, Forets, Curiosites na- turelles des Gaules ; de la meilleure partie de I'Espagne et de I'ltalie ; de la Grande Bretagne, dont les Gaulois, ont ete les pre- miers Habitans. 3° Un Dictionnaire Cel- tique renfermant tous les termes de cette Langue. Par M. Bullet, tome iii. , seconde partie, p. 331.
'° M. Pelisson states, that the Romans
called the heights around Salins "Monts
d'Or," whence some have thought, gold had been thence extracted ; however, M. Bullet
remarks, that dor has the Celtic signification "source," and, hence, we may consider the true etymology to be "the mountains of
springs," or "sources. " See ibid. ^ pp. 183,
^5 See ibid. , p. 184. The old anonymous Life of St. Anatolius is quoted as a proof.
^^
Thus noted on a Chart of Gaucher Sire de Salins.
^7 Gilbertus Cognatus says, it was called
184.
Its situation is defined on Alexander
^°
^^ "
It is compounded of the words sal, "salt," and^w, "source," thus "source of
or "salt-source. "
" This truly learned ecclesiastic was First
Professor Royal and Dean of the Theolo-
in the
He was also a Member of the Academy of
Keith Johnston's Royal Atlas of Modem
Geography," Sheet 10. France in Depart* ments.
=* John xvi. , 22.
salt,"
University
Science, Literature, and Arts, in the same =3
gical Faculty,
Besan9on.
His noble work was printed, in three folio volumes, at Besan9on, a. d. 1754,
1759, 1760.
^3 See ibid. , tome 1.
Description Etymologique 183.
P' 359-
'*
De Archiepiscopis Bisontinis. "
'^^ In his Catalogue of the Bishops of this
city*
'* This appears from the ancient Life of our saint, published by the Bollandists.
.
. ,
Premiere partie»
„ des
See, num. 63. ^s See their
respective
Calendars at this
of
" Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Februarii
Gaules, p.
date.
"^ See "Acta Sanctorum Hibemiae,"
Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Confessorej Ex diversis, nn. i, 3, p; 243^
golden
mountain. " It arose over the
Forio or Foriola, according to some, urbem immunditiis purget. "
^^
*'
Charnage wrote "Histoire de la Ville et Diocese de Besan5on," in two 4to volumes, pubHshed A. D. 1750. The city has a public library of 60,000 volumes, a museum and botanical gardens. Its university was dis- solved at the period of the Revolution. A
lyceum and college were founded in 1801. "
See Gazetteer of the World," vol. ii. , pp.
720, 721.
'9 His feast occurs at the 22nd of August.
The Bollandist Father William Cuper has edited his Acts, at that date. See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Augusti xxii. , pp. 491 to 498.
^^
See Vita auctore anonymo, sect. 6» iii. ,
quod
26S LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[February 3.
honoursandemolument. Hewishedtoliveanddieinhisfavouritesolitude, andperhapsunattached. AlthoughSt. Anatoliuswasabishop,sofarascan be known, he was not connected with any see, in France. Nor does he appear to have even exercised episcopal functions, while residing in that country. Only a few days after his arrival, he was called to the enjoyment of everlasting bliss. His remains were buried at Salins, where for more than six centuries they reposed and were venerated. ^7
those were and exhumed,
='^ built
in a ofHumbert,LordofSalins,andofhiswifeHermenburga. Thisdeposition, in a magnificent tomb, took place, on the Ides of June. 3° So far as relates to the time of his death, we can find nothing, that might enable us even to guess at its period. 3^ He is venerated, at the 3rd of February, according to a Carthusian Manuscript of Bruxelles; and, according to a Martyrology, belongingtotheMetropolitanChurchofBesangon. s^ Thisisadmitted,by Miraeus, who places his festival, however, at the i8th January. 33 Generally, it is held, that his nataHs, or the anniversary of it, was kept, through long descending tradition, on the 3rd day of February. 34 In several calendars, such an entry may be found. A Duplex Office was recited, also, at this
3°
See further
Corresponding with the 13th of June.
at that date.
notices,
Yet, Dempster very confidently sets it
s'
down, that this saint died A. d. 458, in the
deposited
basilica,
by Hugo,=9
the
son
date. 3S
The chief of three collegiate churchess^ at Salins, of which Anatolius is the
patronsaint,hasbeencalledbyhisname. Herehisremainsarepreserved. 37
Besides this, one of the four parish churches,3S belonging to that city, and on the mountain, at the south side of which is the hermitage of St. Anatolius, has been dedicated to his memory. The castle of Blin39 towered over it, and over the chapel,connectedwiththecastle. 4° ThiswasoneofthefortsofSalins. The memory of St. Anatolius is very famous for miracles, said to have been wrought athistomb; and,hisfeasthasbeengreatlycelebrated,inthedioceseofBesan- 9on,particularlyatSalins. ^^ TheancientwriterofhisActsavers,thatitwould
^1 See Franciscus Guill^mannus " De Rebus Helvetiorum," lib. ii. , cap. xiii.
=^
This was dedicated to St. Symphronian and to St. Anatolius ; to St. Agatha and to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Annexed was a noble college of canons. We are told, that
Hugo lived near this church, to which were *' " brought monachos Diuionenses, by him.
By order of Pope Leo IX. and of Henry III. ,
Emperor, these were ejected, and the canons
were restored to it. Jean Jaques Chifflet •'
Vensontionis," pars ii. , cap. 48.
^9 He was Archbishop of Besanfon.
that of Salins. Saussay, Ferrarius and Mo- lanus, with many other authorities, seem to
agree on this point. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise," Februarii iii. De S. Anatolio Episcopo et Confessore. Ex di- versis, p. 243 and nn. 4, 5.
3S According to Robert Claude, in his
Catalogue of the Bishops of Besanjon. See the Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Februarii iii. Commentarius Prsevius, sect, i. , num. 4, p. 356. Old edition.
36 Qne of these, and the principal, had been dedicated to St. Anatolius, the second to St. Maurice, and the third to St. Michael.
^^ See " Gain- Sausay Martyrologium
canum," at the 3rd of February,
3^ Their titulars were St. Anatolius, St.
nineteenth year of Pope St. Leo I. , Eu- Maurice, St. John the Baptist, and the
genius II. , reigning over the Scots. Again, he adds, this holy man's relics were trans- lated to Salins, Pope Leo VIII. in St.
