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88 PINDAR .
base ingratitude , and when placed on the wheel , uttered a memorable saying , in order to deter men from such con duct : this leads to the fabulous birth and history of Cen taurus — The poet then adds various moral sentiments , with a view of confirming the moral truth deduced from this narration , and repels the odious charge of having slandered his patron and benefactor , from which the example of Ar
chilochus would be sufficient to deter him — Then follow the praises of Hiero, especially on account of his wisdom , and the glory of his martial exploits, in the assistance
which he rendered to his brother Gelon , whom Hiero suc
ceeded on the throne of Syracuse , in his contest with the Carthaginians - In conclusion he subjoins various precepts
and admonitions, especially warning him not to lend an ear to the voice of adulation .
O SYRACUSE ! in whom combine
Four towns their might to furnish thine, Mars ' loved abode - of generous steeds,
And men renown’d for martial deeds, The fostering nurse divine
To thee from splendid Thebes I come , And bear the grateful tidings home,
How Hiero 's victor coursers' might
Sped his earth - shaking chariot 's flight.
By frequent crowns that shine afar Resplendent in the Pythian war ,
Ennobling high Ortygia's seat,
Where Dian 's river shrine Alpheus ' waters greet .
Without whose aid his agile grasp in vain
Had check 'd his coursers with the varied rein . 15
For prompt with each assisting hand ,
2 These towns are thus enumerated by the scholiast , Acra dina , Neapolis , Tyche , Epipolæ : justly therefore might the poet address Syracuse by the epithet μεγαλοπολιες .
13 I. e . the island Ortygia , at the south of Sicily . The scholiast interprets potaplas by ons Anpelwoas .
SECOND PYTHIAN ode .
The huntress maid who joys to slay With certain aim her sylvan prey ,
And Mercury whose godhead claims
Dominion o'er the sacred games ,
Placed round his polish 'd car the shining band .
Taming by bit and curb applied
The docile steeds ' impetuous pride ;
And calling to the arduous course
The god who wields the trident's force . Each lyric poet for a different lord
Frames the sweet hymn his valor to record .
The Cyprians thus with acclamation sing The praise of Cinyras , their glorious king ;
Loved by Apollo with his golden hair,
The priest of Venus and her cherish ' d care .
Favors of friends conferr '
Lead to a just return of gratitude .
Son of Deinomenes ! the Locrian maid
Raises the loud and joyful strain to thee , 35
Whose step secure proclaims her nation made
By thy brave arm from war '
s dire tumults free . As fame reports , thus by the gods ' behest,
Whirl'
d on his
rapid
wheel Ixion
cries
upon good , d the
• Mortals , bear this upon your minds imprest - 40 Requite their love from whom your blessings
rise . ' 44
19 The scholiast quotes a fragment of Æschylus in which Mercury is called evaywios , president of the games . In the
Agamemnon ( v . 521 . ) the herald invokes Apollo under the titles of owTnp karaywvios ; and in the next verse addresses
τους αγωνιους θεους Παντας . mytho 29 Homer , who so often confirms the historical and
logical tales of Pindar , also mentions Cinyras , king of Cy . prus, as having given to Agamemnon a breastplate, as a pledge ofhospitable friendship ( Il. xi. 19, 20 ).
90
PINDAR . experience drew ,
This truth he from Dwelling with heaven '
His raptured soul unable grew Such mighty transport to sustain ;
When raging with unhallow '
d flame His wild imagination strove
To ravish the celestial dame
Who shares the glorious couch of Jove.
The deed , with peril fraught , he tried , By fearless insolence impell’ d ;
But quickly his aspiring pride
Avenging retribution quell ’
d
These crimes with double weight pursued
s Saturnian
train
,
.
The sinning hero to his doom ,
Hands first in kindred blood imbrued ,
A father hurried to the tomb . 59
Next his endeavor , rash and vain , The partner of Jove 's bed to gain .
Let this instruct ambitious man
The measure of his might to scan ; Since but disgrace and endless woe
From unallow 'd embraces flow .
heavenly charms
Fill’d with a cloud his cheated arms ; Whose form became the stately mien
That marks the bright Saturnian queen . The hands of Jove this dire deceit
Framed , for his crimes a guerdon meet . There on the deadly circle laid ,
Whose fourfold chain himself had made ,
The fool who grasp '
d
at
This alludes to the murder of Deioneus by his son - in law Ixion , which was perpetrated by throwing alive into
spokes which Ixion
57
the wheel with four radii was bound
pit filled with burning coals
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SECOND PYTHIAN ODE .
His limbs in dreadful torment wound Th ’ inevitable wheel around ,
The wretch with tardy wisdom fraught, To all mankind this lesson taught . Submitting to his strong embrace ,
Her proud ungracious son she bore , Unhonor ' d by the heavenly race ,
Nor known to mortal birth before . Centaurus (such the nursling ' s name) Mingled in Pelion 's shady grove With the Magnesian mares in love , And hence a wondrous army came . Each parents nature form ’d to show Bent to the mother ' s shape below ,
While rose the stately sire above. 88
The god whose speed prevents the eagle 's wing, And moves more swiftly than the dolphins sweep ,
the watery deep prosperous issue bring
Sporting on rapid
Can mortal hopes Subdues the pride And deathless fame
one aspiring mind others has assign But let me not with slanderous tale
Like beast hostile tooth assail
His rancorous spleen could ne restrain
erwhelm want and misery lay Imperial wealth by wisdom graced
the first lot bliss placed
The story this poet who poetical slander caused the death
For saw
though away Archilochus whose bitter vein
cambes presents remarkable instance
By far away meant distant point
florished nearly one hundred and fifty years prior Pindar
the bitterness his his father law Ly
retributive justice time Archilochus
100
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PINDAR .
And this high rank is clearly thine Lord of the host and well-built town,
Let thy free mind with blessings crown Those whom thy fates to thee assign .
Of all thy mighty fathers gone , Whatever tongue should dare proclaim Through Greece that any hero fame
wealth honors brighter shone
With folly mark would stamp his name 112
Butwhen thy virtues wake the song 110 By flowery ways pass along
Hence declare that thou hast found glory which exceeds all bound
Whether foot the warriors rage Or equestrian strife engage
And free from blame my praise shall sound
youth
the valor thine arm Shielded thy life from adverse harm
Thy counsels maturer age Farewell this hymn across the hoary sea
As Phænician craft send thee
121 appears from this passage which confirmed by fragment Sophocles well one Aristophanes that the Phænicians like the Canaanites Scripture were always distinguished above other nations by their eminence mer
chants which seems have passed into sort proverb The Castorean song which Pindar sends across the sea
Hiero probable that nothing more intended than hymn commemorative equestrian victory Castor being
the god horsemanship nor must confounded with the
KCOTOPELOV Medos war song the Spartans The purport the following passage very obscure referring probably some story unknown The praise the righteous
udge Rhadamanthus which follows Heyne considers been favorite theme with the ancient poets and
was another proof the noble independence Pindar Was
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seconD PYTHIAN ODE .
Thou the triumphant Castoréan song ,
With music that th ’ Æolian lyre shall make , To which the seven harmonious chords belong ,
Skill'
d as thou art
,
with
candor take .
93
125
To Rhadamantbus justly raise
Clear sighted judge ! — whose rigorous mind 130
willing
Let witless boys extol the shape
Of the deform ’ unsightly ape d:
Butwe the lofty song of praise
With wisdom and experience fraught ,
Ne'er by the mists of flattery blind , In her seducing wiles is caught .
How often from her whisper ' lies d
Inextricable evils rise !
To him whose lips with fox -like art
impart ;
135
From such deceit what good can spring ? 140 Will this or fame or profit bring ?
The slanderous calumnies And him who with believing
ear The tale of falsehood joys to hear.
As in the fisher ' s watery toil , Aloft the buoyant cork remains ,
While laden with
finny spoil The whelming gulf his net retains
145
So from Float cork
Ne
From lips
fear and danger free like the briny sea
147
good and potent word treacherous townsman heard
mind and the value his friendship which prompted him warn even king with perfect plainness and sincerity
beware suffi
against being corrupted the false praises
tors The construction the four next lines clear although the sentiment cautioning Hiero being misled by the arts whispering slanderers
ciently obvious
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His wiles that all alike deceive ,
A web of endless mischief weave . Such boldness ne'er can I approve Still be it mine
150
155
160
a to ; friend love
But like a wolf the foe to view , And in his crooked ways pursue .
Oft from a man of upright tongue A state ' s true happiness has sprung
Whether in solitary pride
A king the reins of empire guide ,
Or the grave band of nobles proud , Or chief of the tumultuous crowd .
:
Against the potent will of Heaven
'Tis mad ambition to contend ,
By whom to these now might is given ,
Now others call the god their friend . 165
But calm content the envious mind
In their delight can never find . When the preponderating scale
Bids any happier lot prevail ,
The rankling wound torments their breast , 170
Till in the wish '
d
possession
blest .
But he, the patient and the wise , Who to the yoke his neck applies,
Lifts not, like oxen prone to feel
Each casual sting, angry heel Be my complacent temper shown
Conversing with the good alone
175
151 here followed Heyne emendation atav instead the cominten reading ayav
176
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THE THIRD PYTHIAN ODE .
TO THE SAME HIERO , ON HIS VICTORY IN THE SINGLE - HORSE RACE , GAINED IN THE TWENTY -SIXTH PYTHIAD .
ARGUMENT .
When the intelligence of Hiero's victory in the Pythian
games was reported to him , that monarch labored under a grievous disorder - Hence the friendly poet takes occasion to express his wish that the centaur Chiron , the preceptor of Æsculapius in the healing art , could return to life , in
order to restore health to the afflicted Hiero - This leads to the fabulous story of Apollo and Coronis , to whose clan destine love he owed his birth - He then proceeds to the
victor 's praises , and prays to the gods for his continued
prosperity - Then follows a consolatory exhortation to bear
adversity with an equal mind , derived from the uncertain
condition of mortality , and the constant interruption to
earthly happiness ; which truth he illustrates by the exam ples of Cadmus and Peleus ; interweaving the mythological
story of the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis - He concludes by recommending equanimity from his own example .
O ! could to life my anxious care Chiron Phillynides recall ;
( Ifmy weak tongue may form Breathed for the common good
Celestial Saturn 's potent child
To rule o ’ er Pelion 's valleys still ,
Howe ' er in form like monster wild , Yet men approved his friendly will .
He nurtured once the hero kind , Asclepias , whose assuaging art
For the rack ' d limbs relief could find , And each torturing pain depart
by Eilithyia
Equestrian Phlegyas daughter bore
Him
aid
a prayer
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96
PINDAR .
by ,
d Dian 's shafts the maid 15
Transfix '
Went down to Pluto 's dreary shore ;
And lifeless in her chamber lay , A victim to the god of day .
No slight or trivial wounds proceed From wrath of Jove's immortal seed . Her sire beguiled her mind subdued By folly — with contempt she view '
d
The ties that charm ' d her heart before ; Loved by the god , whose locks unshorn
His brow with youthful grace adorn ,
The fruit of heavenly
race she bore . Her haughty soul could ne' er sustain
To see the marriage table spread ,
Or listen to the nuptial strain By the coeval virgins led ;
Whose melody their raptured ear At evening ' s hour delights to hear :
prove The ardors of an absent love.
Full many share the damsel 's pain What tribes of mortals rash and vain ,
Blind to the good that courts their view , Eager some distant joy pursue !
And lured by hope 's delusive gleam Chase but an unsubstantial dream . 41
Fair -robed Coronis ' scornful mind
d to find Such fate was justly doom ' ;
For in the stranger 's couch she lay , Who from Arcadia bent his way .
But Loxias , who on Pytho ' s shrine With kingly eye in act divine
Sees many a victim bleed ,
But sicken ’
d with desire to
45 Apollo or the Sun , so named from his oblique course through the ecliptic .
THIRD PYTHIAN ODE .
He who by wisdom all his own Makes to himself each action known ,
Survey ' d the impious deed .
No falsehood mocks his piercing sight,
Nor gods nor men elude the skill Which judges in prophetic light,
The open act , the secret will.
Then having known the fraud that led The nymph to Ischys ' foreign bed , His sister fierce with dire intent
To Laceræa straight he sent.
The Maid whose habitation rose Where marshy Bæbias ' fountain flows,
Too soon her alter '
d
dæmon drove
The that wait
When the cruel plague pursued
crime prove Her sin the guiltless neighbors rued
61 Bæbias
named from one the nymphs
Pelasgiotis Catullus
fountain Nupt Pel
near Laceræa
Thet 286 Voss
Xyniasi linquens Doris celebrata choreis Bæbiados
which passage some editions read Minosin and Nonatios for Xyniasi and Bæbiados Doering reads Mnemonidum and Non
vacuus instead Bæbiados Strabo Geogr confirm Vossius reading
Bentley perhaps unnecessary refer the
cellent Dissertation elucidation
Examiner had denied
appears
critical reader
poetical The scholiast explains
Phalaris 216
the expression daruwv Tepos which the
έτερος κακοποιος
confirm his interpretation the remarks our admirable
and quotes choliambic Callimachus
critic whó not gifted with any great talent metrical
composition had nevertheless very accurate perception
the niceties poetical expression would add the words Euripides Med 1106
δαιμων ούτος meaning death
PIND
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PINDAR .
Sad victims of a common tomb As from one fatal spark arise
The flames aspiring to the skies , And the crackling wood consume
But when upon the funeral pyre
Her kindred placed theMaid And curling round the greedy fire
My vivid lustre play
soul thus spoke the god day
Its own bright race abhors slay erwhelm that most wretched death
Which stopp the hapless mother breath This said with one short step came
And snatch his infant from the flame Through whose divided channel trod
The feet the departing god
The rescued child he gave share Magnesian Centaur fostering care
And learn of him the soothing art
That wards from man disease dart 82
Ofthose whom nature made feel Corroding ulcers gnaw their frame
Or stones far burl glittering steel All the great physician came
85
By summer heat winter cold
Oppress him they sought relief 90
Each deadly pang
skill controll every grief
And found balm
On some the force charmed strains he tried
some the medicated draught applied
Some limbs placed the amulets around Some from the trunk cut and made the
sound
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THIRD PYTHIAN ODE .
But wisdom yields to sordid gain : Hands which the golden bribes contain
Are bound by them
At their command the grasp of death 100 Restored the man whose forfeit breath
Had from mansion flown But quickly heaven Saturnian lord
Snatch with each hand the life restored
And wing
Once more From him
his bolt lurid flame 105 crush the mortal frame
108 110
let all humankind acquire humble mind
Learn
Nor gainst the rulers of the sky
vaunt their fleeting destiny
Affect not then beloved soul The life immortal the blest
Let prudence thy desires control practicable schemes rest
Chiron unerring skill
Dwelt his Pelion cavern still
And the sweet toned hymns could find
Their wonted passage his mind Then my persuasive tongue had pray
Nor vainly the physician
Who should some healing brother give Latona son Jove gain
ships that cut Ionian sea 125 come my Ætnæan friend
Mild king whose cares from envy free
Syracusa
101 Alluding perhaps the fable the resuscitated Hip polytus thence called Virbius some suppose Tyndareus others
Glaucus others Hymenæus others Orion Capaneus
alone.
99
Respite from fever
burning pain And bid afflicted god revive
sons extend
115
120
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PINDAR .
Foster ' d by him , even strangers prove
The blessings of a father 's love . 126 130
If, crossing the Sicilian deep ,
Her onward course my bark should keep , To him my grateful hand would bear
Of twofold joy Health ' s golden
a garland fair .
charm , the loud acclaim
135
That sings the Pythian victor's fame ; Such triumphs as in days of yore
At Cirrha Pherenicus bore :
And brighter than the airy star
For him my splendor beams afar 136 140
But to the Mother would I pray , Whose altar near my dwelling stands :
There oft the Nymphs , who bend their way
To her and Pan, their vowsto pay, Assemble in nocturnal bands .
Thee , Hiero , whose exalted mind
Can to the heights of science rise ;
145
When gods or man one good bestow , 150 That blessing leads to double woe .
with '
, experience join ,
True wisdom
And former ages render wise.
d
While fools can ne'er with decent pride Sustain their adverse fate ,
Calm Patience , outwardly elate , Shows butthe brighter side.
In the first rank of fortune placed , Monarch ! such happiness is thine ; For kings, with power superior graced
Must above all conspicuous shine , Peleus nor godlike Cadmus led
139 I. e. thesun. SeeOl. i. v. 9.
,
155
160
THIRD PYTHIAN ODE .
A life exempt from every care ;
Who , beyond mortals blest , were said The height of happiness to share .
They heard when Pelion 's woody hill
101
And the seven Theban portals rang 165 With strains which the melodious skill
Of the gold -netted Muses sang .
One fair Harmonia to the nuptial bed ,
One prudent Nereus' child , illustrious Thetis 164
both the hymeneal feasts 170
Came Saturn sons heaven Whom seated on their thrones
kingly guests
gold They saw the splendid gifts unfold
Thus every care and labor past Rewarded the fostering love
That guards the favor sons of Jove Their drooping hearts were raised last
But Cadmus later age
By his three daughters wretched fate
175
Their awful death and frantic rage 180 Fell from his blest paternal state
When father Jove
thy sweet couch fair arm Thyone came 177
radiant flame
While Peleus offspring whom Phthia shore Her only son immortal Thetis bore
185
Cadmus Ino and To these Pin
madness slew The his
tory these three sisters whom may
mother the fated Actæon presents striking instance the uncertain tenure by which mortal prosperity held
184 Semele called Thyone named says the scholiast
απο του περι τον Διονυσον παθους ότι θυει και ενθουσια κατα τους
χορους the name Semele was given ότι σειει μελη των
179 The fate two the daughters Semele has been mentioned before ol
dar now adds the third Agave who
her son Pentheus See Ovid Met iii
added Autonoe
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102 PINDAR .
pyre , in cries of grief
Burn '
Compell’ d the Greeks to mourn their slaughter' d
d on the funeral chief. 182
Whoever then mortal kind certain truth directs his mind
Let him with grateful heart enjoy
What good the blessed gods bestow His short lived pleasure destroy
Soon will the adverse tempests blow How great soe speeds away
Though rushing with the tempest sway 190 195
Lowly when my lot obscure
Obtain with
Weknow what glorious powers belong
To the sweet poet epic song 205
What time wakes the sounding lyre And bids departed worth aspire
Such Nestor lot This charm could save Lycian Sarpedon from the grave
But few the lengthen age obtain
Whose virtue blooms lyric strain 205
193 194 The metaphor here expressed nearly the same words the last verse the seventh Olympic ode
But liberal fortunes rise These blessings shall render
sure my energies
wealth the favoring god should give hope that not unknown fame
Myhonor and illustrious name ages yet comemay live
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THE FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE .
TO ARCESILAUS OF CYRENE , ON HIS VICTORY IN THE CHARIOT RACE , GAINED IN THE THIRTY - FIRST PYTHIAD .
ARGUMENT .
In the opening of this extremely long and highly poetical ode
Pindar , whose subject leads him to the mention of Cyrene , interweaving mythology with historical relation , digresses to the origin of the colony , and the prediction given by
Medea to Euphemus , one of the Argonauts , and subjoins the interpretation of it from the Delphic oracle given to Battus concerning the origin of the colony which was to be
planted by him in Libya - This introduces a long and episo dical narration of the Argonautic expedition ; the slaying
of the dragon , and the recovery of the golden fleece - The
simple and beautiful description of Jason 's sudden ap
pearance among the citizens of Iolcos — The remainder of
the ode is occupied with admonitions to Arcesilaus respect
ing the prudent and judicious government of his kingdom - -
In this part the piety and wisdom of the poet are con spicuous , although it may be justly doubted whether the con
clusion be altogether suitable to the nature of a lyric ode .
This day thy prompt assistance lend , Muse, to the hero and the friend ,
Lord of Cyrene , famed generous steeds Delphi and Apollo raise
The well earn melody praise
As the bright pomp Arcesilaus leads ages past the priestess there
Who near Jove golden eagles held her throne With voice oracular made known
What truths the present god inspired her declare
These were placed near the Delphic tripod and proba bly gave rise the story the two birds sent by Jupiter
to
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104 PINDAR .
That Battus , when he left the sacred isle , (The colonist of Libya's fruitful land ,)
Should rear th ' equestrian city ' s towering pile , Secure upon its chalky rock to stand .
15
And treasured in his mind should lie
Medea 's ancient prophecy .
Which when the seventeenth age was past, . .
Æetes ' vengeful child foretold ,
In every point fulfill'd at last, The sons of Thera should behold .
The Colchian queen , inspired to tell
What from her lips immortal fell ,
Thus spoke the Fates' supreme command To warlike Jason 's naval band :
• From gods and mighty heroes sprung , Give ear to my prophetic tongue .
Hereafter from this sea-beat shore The child of Epaphus shall move,
By mortals cherish '
The majesty of Libyan Jove .
,
And plant the root where men adore
30
28
Instead oars their rein shall steer The cars that mock the storm career
That omen issuing from the skies True will the sure event declare
Then the short finn
Shall they direct the rapid steed
d as before
one from the east and the other from the west order ascertain the true centre the earth and which met at Pytho Delphi
The island Thera Callista pursuits they Instead the naval islanders
shall emulate the equestrian skill their continental neigh hors
dolphin speed
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FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE . 105
When spacious Thera shall arise ,
Metropolis of cities fair :
Which at the mouth of the Tritonian lake ,
From the great god in human form , whose hand
To his kind host return '
d the fertile land
,
Euphemus hurried from the prow To ratify the sign , Saturnian Jove
Thunder '
auspicious
to take . throne above
d
from
might
Curb the rapid Argo fight The sailors the ship suspend
He comes their labors attend Twelve days from ocean watery bed
Now while the brazen anchor
On the earth
desert back we led
Counsell by me the naval frame The cheerful mien assuming then
Of him the most revered Alone the mighty godhead
As when each arriving
of men
came guest
The liberal master the feast
At first his courteous speech applies
But sweet desire our homeward way
him who girds and shakes the earth Observed our eager haste move
Then snatching straight the fertile clod
urge
longer stay Eurypylus who traced his birth
Pledge give
the hospitable god Euphemus strove
The god Triton the form This mythological tale
lonius the fourth book 1600
Eurypylus
forbade
Aporl his Argonautics 1550
related length
)
64 49
.
,
To
To
To ,
(
41 45
in
of is
of
's to
' s
his
, in
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by
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.
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55
a
of
,
.
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,
to
,
50
,
.
106
PINDAR .
Obedient to the will divine ,
The hero leapt upon the strand ,
Receiving with extended hand
The mystic earth his fates assign :
briny
gather s shadows '
Was from the vessel heard to glide Far in the watery gulf profound . 70
Full oft had I the menial train
To guard that precious gift enjoin '
Thatwhelm ' When evening '
tide
,
And render'
d all
my vain . caution
d beneath the
,
d round
d; But dull oblivion seized their mind ,
Now in this isle is shed before the time
Th’ immortal seed of spacious Libya 's clime : 80
For when by sacred Tænarus he past , Whose subterranean mouth to Hades leads ,
Athome the treasure had Euphemus cast ,
Great Neptune 's son , who rules his potent steeds ;
Whom in a former age Europa bore, Daughter of Tityus, on Cephisus ' shore 82
His children ' s fourth succeeding race Had seized , with Grecian arms to aid ,
space ;
When , exiles from great Sparta made ,
The continent 's extended
Mycenæ and the Argive bay ,
The wand ' ring train pursue their way .
Now will he find that chosen race
Sprung from the Lemnian dames' embrace ,
When honor'd by th' immortal host, They come to this sea - girded coast ,
83 Virgil appears to have imitated this passage (Georg . iv .
467 ) : Tænarias etiam fauces , alta ostia Ditis,
Et caligantem nigra formidine lucum
Ingressus , Manesque adiit , Regemque tremendum .
FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE . 107
And there beget the man , whose reign Shall stretch o'er Libya 's clouded plain .
Phoebus will his decree unfold ,
That he in ships should bring a numerous band Far as Saturnian Nilus' fruitful land . 99
Such were the strains by fate inspired That dropp from sage Medea tongue
Silent the godlike men admired
Pythian dome
When to the sacred
That glitters with abundant gold , 100 Battus in after times shall come,
And round
Bade the sublimest hopes maintain
105 The scholiast says that Pindar here mentions Nilus instead of Jupiter since this river was by the Egyptians
worshipped god He also quotes hemistich from Par
meno addressing the Nile the Egyptian Jove ALYVATIE Ζευ Νειλε
111 The expression the original remarkable ueniora Aerpis Callimachus the priestesses Ceres
Δηοι ουκ απο παντος υδωρ φορεουσι Μελισσαι
attention hung Polymnestus thee
this spontaneous strain 110 The Delphic priestess augury
Blest son Gladden
Perhaps jedloga this sense may not improbably derived from the He
See the annotation Benedict edition
brew yobos intercessor interpreter whose office was smooth render agreeable the suit the petitioner Park
hurst verb same root
speaking
Meliora bee probably descends from the primitive meaning sweet Virgil indeed
Pythagorean says Georg
the bee some sages have assign
Hence
portion the god
253
and heavenly mind
Sotheby Version
Pis 391 sucer interpresque deorum Genesis xlii
Horace Orpheus
The word
of .
δ a an '
.
.
iv .
23 .
'
. . . of
So
in
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of
to its. )
in
as '
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fix
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', A ad, .
as in
,
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.
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or .
as ' :ad
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.
s
of of be
, is a
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.
,
*it . :, (
. ,to . 105
,
108 PINDAR . Thrice cried her monitory voice ,
.
• Cyrene
When thou inquiredst at the Pythian
The doubtful issue of the voice divine, 112
And now , as in the vernal hour
Empurpled glows each opening flower , So shines his eighth succeeding race ,
Arcesilaus' youthful grace . Apollo in the Pythian field
And just amphictyons ' high decree To his triumphant coursers yield
The glorious palm of victory .
Him will I to the Muses ' train
Give with the ram 's bright fleece of gold ,
Minyæ
Honors from heaven 'twas theirs to gain . 123
urge their bark career what cause was found chains of adamant what peril bound
Twas doom that Pelias should expire
force fraudulent design
Who waked the hero vengeful ire
's destined
king , rejoice
! ' shrine
For which when sail'
d the
bold
,
Sprung from the brave Æolian line
To his quick thought returning still 135
Delphi spoke
sounds woe that loud and shrill
From earth well wooded centre broke
And bade his jealous mind beware The man with foot sandal bare
When from Chiron high retreat
The oracle
The stranger citizen
should come
famed Iolcos western seat
And gain length foreign home
Then brandishing his double spear
Approach
the wondrous mortal near
130
140
'
he
.
,.
?
To In By
d at 'sof or' of d
' s
' a
-
' s
of
' s
,, .
;
. ,
In To '
?
125
FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE .
Wrapp '
Within
Magnesian , and the foreign pard ,
'Gainst pelting rains the surest guard ; 150 While locks in sacrifice unshorn
His ample back with grace adorn . Straight coming on with quiet tread ,
da
He show ' mind devoid of dread . 151
When one among th ' assembled crowd 155 Turn ’d to the unknown , thus spoke aloud :
Otus , and thou , king Ephialtes bold . The virgin huntress ' rapid dart
d are his limbs of beauteous mould a double vesture 's fold
'Tis not Apollo
I behold
<
Nor Venus'spouse, the god ofwar, Who thunders in his iron car ,
Long since , as ancient fame has told , Deceased in fertile Naxos lie Iphimedeia ' s progeny ,
From her unconquer '
And high aspiring Tityus slew ,
That mortals may desire to prove The transports of permitted love .
,
164
So they their mutual thoughts impart .
Then with his mules and polish ' Came Pelias rushing from afar ,
Mute wonder held his mind in thrall Soon as alone the right foot round
He view '
But with dissembled fear address ' The monarch , his unwelcome guest :
d the well -known sandal d
163 Homer Od 304 gives the same character the
Aloida gemini See also Virg Æn 581 and Stat Theb
850
Vidisti Aloidas cum cresceret impia tellus
d car
bound .
109
,
quiver
d flew
, &
,
iv .
c . .
.
of
175
X .
.
.
(
) .
.
vi .
.
;
.
110 PINDAR .
• What country boast'st thou thy dear land to call ?
Fair offspring of a spotless womb ,
By mortal lineage art thou come ?
Tell quickly thine illustrious race , 180
Nor by detested lies disgrace , 178
To him the bold and fearless youth
In placid words this answer gave :
“ I come from Chiron 's shady cave ,
Who disciplined my soul to truth . 185
By Chariclo and Philyra the fair ,
Centaurus ' daughters , I was nurtured there .
But when the twentieth year had fled , Homeward my youthful steps I bent .
To them no word of parting said , 190 Nought that could mark my intent
take the sceptre of the land
Grasp another lawless hand An honor which the king of heaven
folus and his sonshad given 192 195
For fame reports that Pelias bold Slave his wishes uncontroll
My honor
parents rightful sway Has snatch with violence away
They when first the light survey Dreading the haughty leader pride
Sent me purple robes array While female shrieks every side
Raised through the house solemn show The mimic note funeral woe
When only dark and silent night Was conscious ofmy secret flight
And Saturnian Chiron gave
The nurture his hand crave 205
200
205
(
to , '
of
of
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on in
to in '
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d Id
to
to
,),d d '
.
.
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fix d
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To
,
FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE ,
But all the tale ye know full well Where rose my noble sire ' s abode
111 210
In car with milk -white steeds who rode , Illustrious townsmen , clearly tell.
Great Æson ' s offspring , lo ! I come
A native to no foreign home. 215
From Saturn sprung , the heavenly beast
charge by
His Jason 's name address’
He spoke : a father 's doting eye Soon recognised his progeny ;
And from his aged lids below
The copious tears began to flow ;
Which showed the soul's o ’ erflowing To see his best and loveliest boy .
Attracted the hero
them both Æson brothers came
This Pheres from Hyperia fountain calls And Amythaon from Messene walls
These soon Admetus and Melampus join
To greet their kinsman with friendly mind
But the sixth Repeats his tale
Then follow haste he from
once more the youth words truth
the kindred band the mansion went
fame
Them the hospitable board 230 Jason with courteous speech address
And bade the cheer profusely stored Exhilarate the frequent guest
Five days and nights their courses roll
While pleasure warms each festive soul 233 235
Their steps Pelias dome they bent 240 On rushing with tumultuous stand
Soon the sound assail his ear Camebright hair Tyro offspring near
,
d
. '
220 joy
225
' d
by in
,
' s
a
s
.
as
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on
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- to
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by
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of
,
.
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.
.
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.
.
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112
• Petræan Neptune 's son , the mind To praise deceit is more inclined ,
Than justice , though in grief it end , And to a bitter issue tend .
Hence let our lawless anger cease ,
Be the future joy and peace One mother full well know
Bore Cretheus and Salmoneus bold And the third race from them who flow We the sun golden might behold
The Fates survey with adverse eyes When impious kindred feuds arise
Tis not for with sword dart
Jason 's
lips
The mild and gentle speech distill’
From
with sweetness
fill’
PINDAR .
d d
,
. 245 245
250
255 260
260
With all our parents
Which thou hast seized enlarging thine 265
Nor shall my mind with envy grieve
see thy house new wealth receive But thou the sceptred monarch throne
Seat of old Cretheus royal son
That perforate the brazen Our fathers ample wealth
shield part
The heritage their glories yield
the white flocks that graze the plain And yellow herds thee resign
justice fraught his equestrian subjects taught
Whence he the laws with
These without pain that both must rue Restore lest fresher grief ensue 276
When thus the youthful hero spoke From Pelias thismild answerbroke
wide domain
:
,
,
-
,
To To I
'
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,
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.
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, as
to
or
ye
, ,.
,
.
,
all
Such will
Now warn me life
FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE .
.
280
285
While thou art fresh
Potent thy vigorous arm shall prove
infernal godheads
though tardy age
closing stage
youth gay floweret still
wrath remove Phryxus high behest fulfil
And murder
Haste from Æetes chambers bear
My soul he cried and golden hair On the ram fleecy back outspread
That once certain refuge gave
stepdame treachery and the wave
From
Twas thus the wondrous vision said
Where the Castalian waters flow
go
When straight the voice prophetic there
search the oracle
Bids me for naval flight prepare thou thy prompt assistance lend
Which may this arduous contest end swear make the lot thine own
monarchise and rule alone
Firm witness the faithful oath Be Jove the common sire both
They part this compact ratified
295 298
300
305
trump fame proclaim
every side
Thither the sons
And Saturnian
Alcmena too her eyelids set
Jason the herald His instant voyage Urges sound
Within silken
fringe
Leda fair Jove repair
281 Phryxus whose manes Pelias craftily insinuates are be appeased by the youthful Jason was the father
Athamas and Ino who were driven from their paternal soil and died Colchis
PIND
. in
of , ,a'to,to ,dI
H
,
s ; a's
to
To
I If ' To
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. of ' be , s of—
,
,
,
, of,
290
113
, as
of
of
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to
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,
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114
PINDAR .
Two heroes of th' earth -shaker 's race , Whose locks in clustering beauty play ,
Dreading by fear or dull delay Their ancient valor to disgrace ;
From Pylos one directs his flight ,
310
And one from the Tænarean height.
Be this , Euphemus , to thy glory told ,
And thine , O Periclymenus the bold !
The harper Orpheus join ’ d the valiant train
Apollo's vaunted son , and father of the strain . 315
,
Sent his twin sons , whose bosoms beat To join the enterprising band
With fervent youth 's impetuous heat .
Prompt at the call , with fearless heart Echion , Erytus depart
From their loved home, that lay below Distant Pangæus ' lofty brow .
Boreas , whose rule the winds obey ,
Arm ’d brave sons whose back display The ample pinions purple shade
Zetes and Calais for the fray
Great Juno waked the sweet desire Which bade the demigods aspire
With Argo the deep roam That fixed his maternal home
Remote from peril none should stay And wear his laggard age away
But share his fellow heroes toil Death fairest antidote the spoil
Soon proud Iolcos town
Came the bright flower seamen down
Jason extoll with praises due And number the valiant crew
And Hermes of the golden wand
316
- 320
325
330
335
' d
’d
in o' er
all
'
'
,
.
326
,
.
,
' d
' as s
to
his
of
'
,
. ,; ,
,
to
.
FOURTH PYTHIAN ode .
115 sky , 340
345
Skill '
And sacred lots of augury ,
d in each bird that cleaves the
Mopsus enjoin '
To spread before the favoring gale .
d the host their sail But when they hang upon the prow
Their anchors o
' er
the deep below ,
Fix '
d at the stern
the chief
displays
,
His sacred phial's golden blaze .
Invoking heaven 's great father Jove , Who wields his lightning spear above ;
Waves that o ' er ocean ' s bosom play , 350 And breezes' every - varying way ,
Calm nights and days prayers implore And sweet return their wanderings
Propitious thunder awful sound
Heaven favoring answer quickly spoke
And lightning forked darts around From all the clouds irradiate broke
Elated the prosperous sign
The heroes glow with joy divine
The augur issued his command 360
To ply their oars with constant force
Suggesting
Sweet hopes cheer them their course
the valiantband
Quick gaining with the breezy south inhospitable ocean mouth
There the god shrine they rear
365
370 367
Who sways the raging sea
Of Thracian bulls tawny herd
appear
And hollow altar heaven built pile
From stony quarry hewn erewhile
Not yet the dangerous pass explored They supplicate the vessel lord
aid the sacrifice
career
349
355
'-' s’s
,
,
o'
.
.
,
( To
Th '
d
to
at
s
), on , ,
.
to
' s
to ,'
' sa
, s
a
' s
his
,
.
.
er .
'
,
,
116
PINDAR .
daughter persuasion
Echo some assert Peitho the goddess of who by philtres magical incantations allured
Jupiter
To inevitable shock
That springs from the twin clashing rock 375 But now the jarring portals close
For ever dead repose Since the proud demigods by fate
Are urged cross the narrow strait
And next the wandering heroes trace 380
Phasis flowing streams their way Mingling with Colchis swarthy race
And great Æetes the fray
Venus whose darts inflict the sharpest wound First mankind the raging songster bore
385
390
Which the wheel indissolubly bound
That From Olympus gain its magic round Taught wise Æsonides her charmed lore
That from Medea raging mind All shame parents leftbehind
386
Persuasion lash might take and prove Greece the sole object her love
The sum Enjoin
all the labors dire him by her cruel sire
and mingled with the oil 395
She told
Her antidotes rugged toil Given anoint his manly frame
Then sweet Hymen bands they vow quench their flame 397
386 This the celebrated ivyš bird which was supposed
possess the power inspiring the emotions love The scholiast gives us long explanation its properties and
his comment Nem where again mentioned gives its allegorical pedigree by declaring have been
the love Ino and was transformed by the re vengeful Juno into bird which by its continued whirling ex pressed emblematically the raging agitation love The
a
, or
to
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of
,
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,
.
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.
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, 56 ,
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The soil with brazen He only their rough
hoofs they beat
spirit broke , 405
410
415
FOURTH PYTHIAN ode .
117
plough
Æetes in the midst had set , 400
But when the adamantine
And oxen wont the fires to blow
From cheeks that rage with constant fret, While thundering on alternate feet ,
And led obedient to the yoke .
Then straight a cubit's length impress'd
Offurrow on earth '
s yielding
And thus he spoke : “ In this high deed
If the ship ' s ruler shall succeed , The fleece immortal him bear Irradiate with its golden hair
He said his robe saffron hue Aside the youthful Jason threw
And trusting immortalaid His arduous enterprise essay
411
breast
,
On him the fire could work no harm
Awed by his potent hostess
Then dragging the rustic load
Their necks and well ribb
With thongs compulsive thrown around He urged the sharp and bitter goad
Then labor with manly strength
Completing soon his measured erwhelm first
Æetes view the arduous deed
transports flow
And praises unrepress succeed 424
classical reader will call mind the importance attached
agency Simætha the second Idyllium Theo critus
Then admiration
charm
haunches bound 420
length
speechless woe 425
its
. O’
by : ''
, to in
on
of
to
' d
' d
, .
; ,
's
d
at
on
dd '
in
;
,
.
,
in -
of
let
. ,
,
'
,
' .
. '
, d
,
118
PINDAR .
To the brave youth their friendly hands Extend the social train ,
His brow they crown with verdant bands, And greet in courteous strain .
Straight the sun ' s wondrous offspring
Where was the shining skin bestow ' ,
Extended high on Phryxus' sword , A gift to war's impetuous lord .
But still , these mighty dangers pass’ , d
430
'd
He hoped the youth would fail at last . For in an ambush 'd wood 'twas laid ,
Keptby a greedy dragon
's care
,
440 ,
, large display With whose dire bulk at
'
d
show
435
No lengthen ’ d vessel might compare ,
Though urged by fifty cars, by strokes of iron
made . 438
Still could I speed my chariot 's way , But time forbids the long delay .
A shorter path I know full well ,
445
450
In wisdom who the rest excel. The varied snake of azure hue
He soon , Arcesilaus , slew ; And with it bore Medea home ,
Author of murder 'd Pelias ' doom Then mingling in the ocean deep , The Erythræan sea they sweep ;
.
453 It would not be an easy task to explain the geographi cal course which Pindar here describes the Argonauts to have taken on their return from the expedition in quest of
the golden fleece . By the Eruthrean Sea the Indian Ocean is to be understood , through which it seems they came into Africa , and when arrived on land , carrying the ship on their shoulders until they came to the Tritonian lake , they sailed into the Mediterranean , and touched at Thera ; thence through the Ægean they caine to the island ofLemnos, and connected
themselves with its homicidal women .
d
cautions Arcesilaus
wards his Cyrenean subjects
FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE .
119
Thence ʼmid the Lemnian race , who gave
Their youthful husbands to the grave , 455 A test of corporal strength they made
( Aside the cumbering garments laid )
And shared their couch of sweet repose . 452
Thus in a foreign region bright
By day or in the peaceful night 460
Your beams of happiness arose . For planted there , Euphemus ' race
Illustrious shines with endless grace . To Lacedæmon 's fertile seats
And hardy sons the wanderers come ; . 465 Then fair Callista' s island greets
The heroes in a foreign home.
With honor hence derived from heaven
To you Latoides has given
Fair Libya' s wealthy plain to crown ,
And golden - throned Cyrene's town With counsel justly framed to sway, Which her blest citizens obey . 466
Now learn the Theban sage 's art
If sharp - edged axe with ruthless stroke
Her branches from the giant oak , The form disgraced , compel to part,
Though shorn her fruit, enough is there Her pristine beauties to declare
If fire be ever sought at last
To shelter from the wintry blast,
469 Apollo , the son of Latona . part Edipus the remaining
470
475
480
ode Pindar against using unnecessary severity
this
.
to
474
.
In
of
120
PINDAR . Or among pillars straight and
It now sustain
Hard labor
Leaving all bare its native home. 479 485
some lordly foreign wall ,
tall , dome ,
in a
Thou a most timely healer art,
Since Pæan 's favor crowns thy name Then , oh ! a tender hand impart
To heal the state ' s disordered
frame :
pride
city
May shake with danger and alarm .
'
s
the
weakest arm
490
495
500
A
But hard indeed the task to place Her glory on ancient base
Unless the god with sudden sway Direct the steersman his way For thee gratitude wove
The garland of people love Then still let blest Cyrene share
Thy kind and persevering care 492
Now monarch with attentive ear This maxim the poet hear
virtuous messenger will crown
Each action with supreme renown
And thus will the Muse accrue
Praise from the herald message true 505
Long time through fair Cyrene town Has just Demophilus been known
And Battus glorious house confess The graces his spotless breast
Ere yet complete youth narrow span 510 Among the boys he shone man
500 The maxim Homer called by eminence the poet which Pindar alludes contained the fifteenth hook the Iliad the exhortation Neptune Iris
A
in ,
.
,
of
,
, is
its
ofto
of
of
of
to , a
,
a
' s
' s'
is on
'
in
in ;
; ,.
’ d
's . ;
,
; to:. .
s
FOURTH PYTHIAN ODE .
In solemn counsel he appears The Nestor of a hundred years :
121
Slander 's free tongue he bids be mute ,
His virtues all her tales confute : 504 515
Taught the base railer to abhor ,
And with the good to wage no war ; Protracting nought by slow delay ,
For short with man occasion 's stay .
Well can he seize the fitting hour ,
No slave to wayward fortune's power . The heaviest this of human woes , That he who each fair blessing knows, Bound by necessity 's strong chain ,
520
525
530
But soon , his deadly troubles o 'er ,
He prays to see his home once more .