"Fredro has never ceased to dominate the comic stage of Poland
as its acknowledged master.
as its acknowledged master.
Poland - 1922 - Polish Literature in Translation, a Bibliography
R.
4:552-61.
Mr.
'26.
"Poland'* two greatest writers of this generation in the field of the
novel. "
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION 17
POLISH LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
TRANSLATION
COLLECTIONS
Benecke, Else C. M.
Tales by Polish authors. 198p. N. Y. Longmans, Green.
1915.
Benecke, Else C. M. and Busch, Marie
More tales by Polish authors. 288p. N. Y. Longmans,
Green. 1916.
Benecke, Else C. M. and Busch, Marie
-~ Selected Polish tales. (World's Classics) 348p. Lond. ,
N. Y. Oxford Press. 1925.
The contents of these three collections are indexed under the
individual authors.
Bowring, Sir John
Wybor Poezyi Polskiey. Specimens of the Polish poets
with notes and observations on the literature of Poland.
227p. Lond. The Author. 1827.
Manning, Clarence A. ed.
Slavonic literature. In Columbia University Course in
literature. Scandinavian and Slavonic literature. 1928.
Polish literature, p. 490-549.
Selver, Paul, tr.
Anthology of modern Slavonic literature in prose and
verse. 348p. Lond. Kegan-Paul; N. Y. Dutton. 1919.
Soboleski, Paul, ed.
Poets and poetry of Poland. Chic. Knight & Leonard.
1881. 2d ed. enlarged by 3 portraits, 1883.
Poets and poetry of Poland; a collection of Polish verse
including a short account of the history of Polish poetry
with 60 biographical sketches of Poland's poets and speci-
mens of their compositions, tr. into the English language;
ed. by Paul Soboleski. 3d ed. 464p. Milwaukee, Wis.
Paul Soboleski Soc. 1929. ^
This is the most comprehensive collection of Polish poetry available
in English. The editor has included the translations ox Bowring with
a larger number of his own.
Underwood, Edna Wortley, tr.
The Slav anthology. 346p. Portland, Me. Mosher Press.
1931.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? i8
POLISH LITERATURE
Warner, Charles Dudley, ed.
Library of the world's best literature. 31v. N. Y. Inter-
national Society. 1899.
V. 31, the Index-guide, gives on p. 72-5 a "Chronological Conspectus"
of Polish literature, naming and characterizing a large number m of
authors. References are given to sketches in the Biographical section,
and to selections from Mickiewicz, Slowacki, Krasinski, and Sienkiewicz
in the body of the work.
THE GOLDEN AGE. 16TH CENTURY
Kochanowski, Jan. 1530-84
Poems; tr. from the Polish by D. P. Noyes, M. B. Pea-
cock, R. E. Merrill, H. H. Havermale, G. R. Noyes. 156p.
Berkeley. Univ. of California Press. 1928.
Contents: The Laments.
St. John's Eve.
The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys.
St. John's Eve; tr. by G. R. Noyes and M. B. Peacock
In S. R. 6:401-14. D. '27.
Sweet bonds of love. In S. R. 9:204. Je. '30.
Selections in the collections of Bowring and Soboleski.
(See p. 17)
Kochanowski, who was educated at the Polish university of Krakow
and the Italian university of Padua is the greatest poet of Poland's
Golden Age and the greatest humanist poet of his country. The
Laments were inspired by grief at the death of his little daughter. St.
John's Eve is a garden of bucolics, a gallery of pictures of quaint old
country _ customs. The Dismissal of tie Greek Envoys is a poetic
drama, in which the tale of Troy is made the medium of poetic admoni-
tions to his own people.
The 17th and 18th centuries are represented in Eng-
lish only in the translations of Bowring and Soboleski.
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD. 1820-1860
Asnyk, Adam. 1838-97
1 Without limits. The torrent. In Selver. Anthology,
p. 208.
Chodzko, Ignacy. 1794-1861
Wild raspberries, a Lithuanian ballad. In S. R. 2:154-6.
Je. '23.
Cieszkowski, August. 1814-94
The desire of all nations, being an English edition
(abridged) of "Our Father" (Ojcze Nasz); prepared by
W. J. Rose. Lond. Student Christian Movement. 1919.
In 1848 the author published the introduction to a monumental work
"Our Father. " The remaining volumes he held back to be printed
"when the time should be ripe. " _ At his death in 1894, he instructed his
sons that the time was approaching and accordingly it was brought out
in 3 parts, in 1899, 1903, and 1906 respectively. The work is really
a Christian philosophy of history.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION ig
Czajkowski, Michal. 1804-66
Black pilgrim; tr. by the Count de Soissons. Lond.
Digby & Long. 1900.
A wild story of struggle for faith and freedom in the Balkan penin-
sula. A Bulgarian brought up as a Turk is the hero; the heroine is the
Christian daughter of a pasha. The story is very oriental in the
violence of its passions and the rapidity of its adventures.
Fredro, Aleksander. 1793-1876
Ladies and hussars: comedy in three acts, tr. by Florence
Noyes and George Rapall Noyes. (The world's best
plays by celebrated European authors) N. Y. Samuel
French. 1925.
"Fredro has never ceased to dominate the comic stage of Poland
as its acknowledged master. This play is a boisterous and unpretending
? farce. Its subject is the invasion of a stronghold of bachelor officers
by a bevy of ladies, and the rout of bachelordom. "
Glinski, Antoni Jozef. 1817-66
Yanosik's sword. In Poland. 6:666. N. '25.
Hoffmanowa, Klementyna. 1798-1845
Journal of the Countess Franchise Krasinska, great grand-
mother of Victor Emanuel; tr. by Kasimir Dziekowska.
Chic. McClurg. 1895.
Poignant story of a young girl of noble family secretly married to
a prince of the royal house.
Korzeniowski, Jozef. 1797-1863
A mysterious visit. (An abridged chapter from Thaddeus
the Nameless) In Poland. 7:416. Jl. '27.
Krasinski, Zygmunt. 1812-59
Iridion; tr. from the Polish by Florence Noyes and ed.
with an introd. by George Rapall Noyes. Lond. Ox-
ford Press. 1927.
"The story of Poland, crushed by alien despots, as Iridion's Hellas
was crushed by Rome; and Poland learning, through the devastating
experiences of 'Iridion' the lesson of love and hate. In brief, Iridion
is Krasinski's rally cry and warning to his immolated motherland to
love and to beware of hate. "
To Eliza. (A tribute to his wife) In S. R. 6:185. Je. '27.
The un-divine comedy; tr. by Harriette E. Kennedy and
Zona Uminska; preface by G. K. Chesterton; introd. by
Arthur Gorski. 112n. Lond. G. G. Harrap; Warsaw.
Ksiaznica Polska. n. d. Printed in Poland.
"In this wonderful work of social insight an imaginary conflict be-
tween Aristocracy and Democracy brings into full relief the riphts and
wrongs, the ideal nobleness and the actual meanness of both sides;
tragedy, but not without a moral triumph, is the end of Aristocracy--
triumph, but not without a moral tragedy, is the future of Democracy,
as foreseen by this meditative young count. "--Dyboski
Selections in the collections of Manning, Soboleski, Under-
wood, and Johnson. (See p. 17, 18)
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 20
POLISH LITERATURE
Kraszewski, Jozef Ignacy. 1812-87
Count Bruehl, a romance of history; tr. by the Count de
Soissons. Lond. Greening. 1911; (Lotus library) N. Y.
Brentano. 1922.
A historical romance of the period of the Saxon kings. As a young
boy, Bruehl became a page in the court of ? Augustus the Strong, and
rose in power and influence so that for many years he reallyt ruled
Poland and Saxony in the name of the feeble kings whom he dominated.
Countess Cosel; tr. by the Count de Soissons. Lond.
Downey. 1901.
This story precedes Bruehl in point of time. Cosel was a mistress
of Augustus the Strong.
Iermola; tr. by Mrs. M. Carey. N. Y. Dodd, Mead. 1891.
The Jew; from the Polish. Lond. Heinemann. 1893.
The Jejv; tr. by Kowalewska. N. Y. Dodd, Mead. 1890.
This is a very fine story, with its chief dramatic interest in the events
of the Polish insurrection of 1863, of which the author had first hand
knowledge. The patriotic purpose of Ivas the Pole is parallelled by the
spiritual mission of Jacob the Jew. Ivas dies a martyr, Jacob is driven
into exile. Kraszewski did not actually take part in this Insurrection,
but he was so suspected and harassed by the Russian authorities that he
had to leave the country, to which he never after was able to return.
Mickiewicz, Adam. 1798-1855
The Books and the Pilgrimage of the Polish nation; tr. by
Lach Szyrma. Lond. Ridgway. 1833.
The enchanted youth. In S. R. 7:394-5. Je. '29.
Faris. In Poland. 5:91. Ag. '24.
Forefathers' Eve (prologue and scenes I-V); tr. by
Dorothea Prall Radin; ed. by George Rapall Noyes; pub.
by the School of Slavonic Studies. Lond. Eyre and
Spottiswolde. 1926.
"This is, after Pan Thaddeus, the most important work of t Poland's
greatest poet. It was written in 1832, when all the Polish patriots were
heartsick at the failure of the Insurrection af the previous year. Its
primary purpose is to 'Justify the ways of God to men,' to reconcile
with the existence of a just Providence such an event as the crushing of
a free, Catholic, Christian nation. "--Editor's preface
Gems of Polish poetry; selections from Mickiewicz; tr. by
F. H. Fortey; pub. under the auspices of the Polish
government. Warsaw, 8 Czacki St. 1923.
This attractive little volume contains some of the best known and
most characteristic shorter poems, well calculated to make the author
better known and more popular among English readers.
Conrad Wallenrod: an historical poem, founded on events
in the annals of Lithuania and Prussia; tr. by Leon
Jablonski. Edinburgh. Frazer & Crawford. 1841.
Konrad Vallenrod: an historical tale; tr. by H. Cattley.
Lond. Smith Elder. 1841.
Konrad Wallenrod: an historical tale; tr. into English
verse by Maude Ashurst Biggs. Lond. Trubner. 1882.
Conrad Vallenrod: an historical poem; tr. by M. H.
Dziewicki; with an introductory essay by A. Belcikow-
ski. Lond. T. Richardson. 1883.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION 21
Konrad Wallenrod and other writings; tr. by Jewell
Parrish, Dorothea Prall Radin, George Rapall Noyes and
others. Berkeley, Cal. Univ. of California press. 1925.
Contents: Konrad Wallenrod.
Faris.
Forefathers' Eve. pt. 2.
Ballads and other poems.
The Books of the Polish Nation and the Polish pilgrim-
age.
Konrad Wallenrod, pub. in 1828, is a historical tale in verse. Its
theme is the contest between the Lithuanians and the Teutonic
Knights of the Cross, and the hero, Konrad, brings defeat to the
latter by working from within the Order.
Forefathers' Eve, pt. 2, is virtually complete in itself. It depicts
the semi-pagan traditions and customs transferred from immemorial
usage to the observance of All Souls' Day.
Faris, written in 1828, narrates the exploits of a wandering
Bedouin. It was composed in honor of Waclaw Rzewuski, a
Polish traveler noted in the East under the name Emir Tajul-
Fechr ("the Crown of Glory").
The Ballads and other poems are: Romanticism; The Nixie; The
Three Brothers Budrys; The sages; The master of masters; To a
Polish mother.
The Books of the Polish nation and of the Polish pilgrimage,
1832, is addressed to the Polish exiles, especially those in France.
It is written in a religious, mystical vein and sets forth the
consolatory doctrine of Polish Messianism; i. e. as Christ took on
himself the sins of men and died on the Cross to save them, so
Poland was crucified as a guiltless sacrifice for the sins of nations.
The Prayer of the Polish Pilgrims and the accompanying Litany
are among the most moving bits of patriotic literature ever written,
the Litany summarizing in a few words a whole volume of tragic
history.
"Poland'* two greatest writers of this generation in the field of the
novel. "
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION 17
POLISH LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
TRANSLATION
COLLECTIONS
Benecke, Else C. M.
Tales by Polish authors. 198p. N. Y. Longmans, Green.
1915.
Benecke, Else C. M. and Busch, Marie
More tales by Polish authors. 288p. N. Y. Longmans,
Green. 1916.
Benecke, Else C. M. and Busch, Marie
-~ Selected Polish tales. (World's Classics) 348p. Lond. ,
N. Y. Oxford Press. 1925.
The contents of these three collections are indexed under the
individual authors.
Bowring, Sir John
Wybor Poezyi Polskiey. Specimens of the Polish poets
with notes and observations on the literature of Poland.
227p. Lond. The Author. 1827.
Manning, Clarence A. ed.
Slavonic literature. In Columbia University Course in
literature. Scandinavian and Slavonic literature. 1928.
Polish literature, p. 490-549.
Selver, Paul, tr.
Anthology of modern Slavonic literature in prose and
verse. 348p. Lond. Kegan-Paul; N. Y. Dutton. 1919.
Soboleski, Paul, ed.
Poets and poetry of Poland. Chic. Knight & Leonard.
1881. 2d ed. enlarged by 3 portraits, 1883.
Poets and poetry of Poland; a collection of Polish verse
including a short account of the history of Polish poetry
with 60 biographical sketches of Poland's poets and speci-
mens of their compositions, tr. into the English language;
ed. by Paul Soboleski. 3d ed. 464p. Milwaukee, Wis.
Paul Soboleski Soc. 1929. ^
This is the most comprehensive collection of Polish poetry available
in English. The editor has included the translations ox Bowring with
a larger number of his own.
Underwood, Edna Wortley, tr.
The Slav anthology. 346p. Portland, Me. Mosher Press.
1931.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? i8
POLISH LITERATURE
Warner, Charles Dudley, ed.
Library of the world's best literature. 31v. N. Y. Inter-
national Society. 1899.
V. 31, the Index-guide, gives on p. 72-5 a "Chronological Conspectus"
of Polish literature, naming and characterizing a large number m of
authors. References are given to sketches in the Biographical section,
and to selections from Mickiewicz, Slowacki, Krasinski, and Sienkiewicz
in the body of the work.
THE GOLDEN AGE. 16TH CENTURY
Kochanowski, Jan. 1530-84
Poems; tr. from the Polish by D. P. Noyes, M. B. Pea-
cock, R. E. Merrill, H. H. Havermale, G. R. Noyes. 156p.
Berkeley. Univ. of California Press. 1928.
Contents: The Laments.
St. John's Eve.
The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys.
St. John's Eve; tr. by G. R. Noyes and M. B. Peacock
In S. R. 6:401-14. D. '27.
Sweet bonds of love. In S. R. 9:204. Je. '30.
Selections in the collections of Bowring and Soboleski.
(See p. 17)
Kochanowski, who was educated at the Polish university of Krakow
and the Italian university of Padua is the greatest poet of Poland's
Golden Age and the greatest humanist poet of his country. The
Laments were inspired by grief at the death of his little daughter. St.
John's Eve is a garden of bucolics, a gallery of pictures of quaint old
country _ customs. The Dismissal of tie Greek Envoys is a poetic
drama, in which the tale of Troy is made the medium of poetic admoni-
tions to his own people.
The 17th and 18th centuries are represented in Eng-
lish only in the translations of Bowring and Soboleski.
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD. 1820-1860
Asnyk, Adam. 1838-97
1 Without limits. The torrent. In Selver. Anthology,
p. 208.
Chodzko, Ignacy. 1794-1861
Wild raspberries, a Lithuanian ballad. In S. R. 2:154-6.
Je. '23.
Cieszkowski, August. 1814-94
The desire of all nations, being an English edition
(abridged) of "Our Father" (Ojcze Nasz); prepared by
W. J. Rose. Lond. Student Christian Movement. 1919.
In 1848 the author published the introduction to a monumental work
"Our Father. " The remaining volumes he held back to be printed
"when the time should be ripe. " _ At his death in 1894, he instructed his
sons that the time was approaching and accordingly it was brought out
in 3 parts, in 1899, 1903, and 1906 respectively. The work is really
a Christian philosophy of history.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION ig
Czajkowski, Michal. 1804-66
Black pilgrim; tr. by the Count de Soissons. Lond.
Digby & Long. 1900.
A wild story of struggle for faith and freedom in the Balkan penin-
sula. A Bulgarian brought up as a Turk is the hero; the heroine is the
Christian daughter of a pasha. The story is very oriental in the
violence of its passions and the rapidity of its adventures.
Fredro, Aleksander. 1793-1876
Ladies and hussars: comedy in three acts, tr. by Florence
Noyes and George Rapall Noyes. (The world's best
plays by celebrated European authors) N. Y. Samuel
French. 1925.
"Fredro has never ceased to dominate the comic stage of Poland
as its acknowledged master. This play is a boisterous and unpretending
? farce. Its subject is the invasion of a stronghold of bachelor officers
by a bevy of ladies, and the rout of bachelordom. "
Glinski, Antoni Jozef. 1817-66
Yanosik's sword. In Poland. 6:666. N. '25.
Hoffmanowa, Klementyna. 1798-1845
Journal of the Countess Franchise Krasinska, great grand-
mother of Victor Emanuel; tr. by Kasimir Dziekowska.
Chic. McClurg. 1895.
Poignant story of a young girl of noble family secretly married to
a prince of the royal house.
Korzeniowski, Jozef. 1797-1863
A mysterious visit. (An abridged chapter from Thaddeus
the Nameless) In Poland. 7:416. Jl. '27.
Krasinski, Zygmunt. 1812-59
Iridion; tr. from the Polish by Florence Noyes and ed.
with an introd. by George Rapall Noyes. Lond. Ox-
ford Press. 1927.
"The story of Poland, crushed by alien despots, as Iridion's Hellas
was crushed by Rome; and Poland learning, through the devastating
experiences of 'Iridion' the lesson of love and hate. In brief, Iridion
is Krasinski's rally cry and warning to his immolated motherland to
love and to beware of hate. "
To Eliza. (A tribute to his wife) In S. R. 6:185. Je. '27.
The un-divine comedy; tr. by Harriette E. Kennedy and
Zona Uminska; preface by G. K. Chesterton; introd. by
Arthur Gorski. 112n. Lond. G. G. Harrap; Warsaw.
Ksiaznica Polska. n. d. Printed in Poland.
"In this wonderful work of social insight an imaginary conflict be-
tween Aristocracy and Democracy brings into full relief the riphts and
wrongs, the ideal nobleness and the actual meanness of both sides;
tragedy, but not without a moral triumph, is the end of Aristocracy--
triumph, but not without a moral tragedy, is the future of Democracy,
as foreseen by this meditative young count. "--Dyboski
Selections in the collections of Manning, Soboleski, Under-
wood, and Johnson. (See p. 17, 18)
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 20
POLISH LITERATURE
Kraszewski, Jozef Ignacy. 1812-87
Count Bruehl, a romance of history; tr. by the Count de
Soissons. Lond. Greening. 1911; (Lotus library) N. Y.
Brentano. 1922.
A historical romance of the period of the Saxon kings. As a young
boy, Bruehl became a page in the court of ? Augustus the Strong, and
rose in power and influence so that for many years he reallyt ruled
Poland and Saxony in the name of the feeble kings whom he dominated.
Countess Cosel; tr. by the Count de Soissons. Lond.
Downey. 1901.
This story precedes Bruehl in point of time. Cosel was a mistress
of Augustus the Strong.
Iermola; tr. by Mrs. M. Carey. N. Y. Dodd, Mead. 1891.
The Jew; from the Polish. Lond. Heinemann. 1893.
The Jejv; tr. by Kowalewska. N. Y. Dodd, Mead. 1890.
This is a very fine story, with its chief dramatic interest in the events
of the Polish insurrection of 1863, of which the author had first hand
knowledge. The patriotic purpose of Ivas the Pole is parallelled by the
spiritual mission of Jacob the Jew. Ivas dies a martyr, Jacob is driven
into exile. Kraszewski did not actually take part in this Insurrection,
but he was so suspected and harassed by the Russian authorities that he
had to leave the country, to which he never after was able to return.
Mickiewicz, Adam. 1798-1855
The Books and the Pilgrimage of the Polish nation; tr. by
Lach Szyrma. Lond. Ridgway. 1833.
The enchanted youth. In S. R. 7:394-5. Je. '29.
Faris. In Poland. 5:91. Ag. '24.
Forefathers' Eve (prologue and scenes I-V); tr. by
Dorothea Prall Radin; ed. by George Rapall Noyes; pub.
by the School of Slavonic Studies. Lond. Eyre and
Spottiswolde. 1926.
"This is, after Pan Thaddeus, the most important work of t Poland's
greatest poet. It was written in 1832, when all the Polish patriots were
heartsick at the failure of the Insurrection af the previous year. Its
primary purpose is to 'Justify the ways of God to men,' to reconcile
with the existence of a just Providence such an event as the crushing of
a free, Catholic, Christian nation. "--Editor's preface
Gems of Polish poetry; selections from Mickiewicz; tr. by
F. H. Fortey; pub. under the auspices of the Polish
government. Warsaw, 8 Czacki St. 1923.
This attractive little volume contains some of the best known and
most characteristic shorter poems, well calculated to make the author
better known and more popular among English readers.
Conrad Wallenrod: an historical poem, founded on events
in the annals of Lithuania and Prussia; tr. by Leon
Jablonski. Edinburgh. Frazer & Crawford. 1841.
Konrad Vallenrod: an historical tale; tr. by H. Cattley.
Lond. Smith Elder. 1841.
Konrad Wallenrod: an historical tale; tr. into English
verse by Maude Ashurst Biggs. Lond. Trubner. 1882.
Conrad Vallenrod: an historical poem; tr. by M. H.
Dziewicki; with an introductory essay by A. Belcikow-
ski. Lond. T. Richardson. 1883.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-06-10 17:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. $b322619 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION 21
Konrad Wallenrod and other writings; tr. by Jewell
Parrish, Dorothea Prall Radin, George Rapall Noyes and
others. Berkeley, Cal. Univ. of California press. 1925.
Contents: Konrad Wallenrod.
Faris.
Forefathers' Eve. pt. 2.
Ballads and other poems.
The Books of the Polish Nation and the Polish pilgrim-
age.
Konrad Wallenrod, pub. in 1828, is a historical tale in verse. Its
theme is the contest between the Lithuanians and the Teutonic
Knights of the Cross, and the hero, Konrad, brings defeat to the
latter by working from within the Order.
Forefathers' Eve, pt. 2, is virtually complete in itself. It depicts
the semi-pagan traditions and customs transferred from immemorial
usage to the observance of All Souls' Day.
Faris, written in 1828, narrates the exploits of a wandering
Bedouin. It was composed in honor of Waclaw Rzewuski, a
Polish traveler noted in the East under the name Emir Tajul-
Fechr ("the Crown of Glory").
The Ballads and other poems are: Romanticism; The Nixie; The
Three Brothers Budrys; The sages; The master of masters; To a
Polish mother.
The Books of the Polish nation and of the Polish pilgrimage,
1832, is addressed to the Polish exiles, especially those in France.
It is written in a religious, mystical vein and sets forth the
consolatory doctrine of Polish Messianism; i. e. as Christ took on
himself the sins of men and died on the Cross to save them, so
Poland was crucified as a guiltless sacrifice for the sins of nations.
The Prayer of the Polish Pilgrims and the accompanying Litany
are among the most moving bits of patriotic literature ever written,
the Litany summarizing in a few words a whole volume of tragic
history.
