Thenamesof
Brandubh
and Melge occur in the " Annals of the Four Masters.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
Columba
arrived in Britain, a. d. 562. 4° This he deduces, from the data, that Columba
was then in the of his 1 that he remained in Britain forty-second year age,*
for thirty-four years, and that he died, most probably a. d. 596. 42 The year 563 is generally regarded, however, as that of his departure from Ireland on this
enterprise. Toprovethis,thelearnedchronographerArchbishopUssherenters uponaclosecomparisonofdatesandoccurences. -^ Hisauthorityisfollowedby
45and —Rev. Dr. Reeves/6 The Lanigan, by
who lived among the high and solitary mountains, which separate them from
the southern regions, in the year of our Lord's Incarnation, 565, when Justin
Minor governed the Roman Empire after the time of Justinian. Moreover,
Columba came to Britain, in the ninth year of the reign of Bridius, son of
Meilochon, the mighty King of the Picts. 48 This calculation of Bede, has
beenfollowedbyFlorenceofWorcester,byHermannContract,* byHenry
of Huntingdon,50 by Fabius Ethelredus, and by John Capgrave. 51 Other
accounts have it at a. d. 566, such as those of Matthew of Paris, 52 and Matthew
ofWestminster. " AccordingtoJohnofTeignmouthandJohnCapgrave, St. Columba is said to have been forty-five years of age, when he left Scotia
as a missionary for Britain. 54 At this time, however, he is more generally said to have been forty-two years of age. 55 Such is the account agreed upon by most writers of his Acts, such as Adamnan,56 and O'Donnell,5? while it seems most reconcilable with the incidents of his career.
Roderick 44 Rev. Dr. 0'Flaherty, by
Venera
—ble Bede
that St. Columba whom he calls Colum-
47
banus left Ireland to preach the word of God among the Northern Picts,
distinctly states,
35 Thus, Adamnan says he passed from "Scotia ad Britanniam. "
36 The Venerable Bede remarks, " Venit
149, pp. 154, 157, 158.
46 See his Adamnan's "Life of St.
Columba. " ChronologicalSummaryofSt. Columba's Life, p. lxxv. , and additional
Notes L, p. 310.
47 See "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 4, p. 168.
4^ See D. Petrus Lombardus, "De Regno Hibernise, Sanctorum Insula, Commenta-
de Hibe—rnia . . . . Columba Brit- "
taniam. " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Anglorum," lib. hi. , cap. 4, p. 168, Cain- bridge edition.
37 See Dr. O'Donovan's edition, vol. L,
the war of
39 This was I-Columkille or Iona.
40 Supposing our saint to have died A. D. 596, and that he came there in the forty- second year of his age, the foregoing is his conclusion. See "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. 7, p. 486.
41 According to Adamnan's Preface to St.
Columba's Life, as also to lib. according iii. ,
cap. 22, and according to his Life by
pp. 196, 197.
38 As we have seen,
" edited Rev. Patrick F,
by Moran,
they place Cuil-Dreimhne at a. d. 555.
rius,
D. D. , cap. xv. , p. 81.
49 This learned man, born A. D. 1013, be-
came a monk of St. Gall, and he died Abbot
of Reichenau, A. D. 1054, having left behind him a valuable history, known as " Chroni- con desex yEtatibusMundi. "
5* In his Annals.
51 in nis vita S. Columbae, cap. i. , and in his Annals of the Anglo-Saxons.
sa At Anno Gratise Matthew of DLXVI. ,
Paris, meaning this saint, thus writes :
" Eodem anno Sanctus de Columbanus,
—Scotia veniens, in Britannia clarus habetur," "Chronica Majora," edited by Henry Richards Luard, M. A. , vol, i. , p. 247.
53 See " Flores Historiarum," p. 196.
54 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,' Vita Tertia S. Columbse, cap. ii. , p. 332.
44""" S5 —
See Ogygia, Scotise Regum Catalo- 'Navigatio Coluim-Cille ad insulum
Cumeneus, cap. 32, ters.
42
and
succeeding chap-
By subtracting thirty-four years of exile from this, it is plain, Colgan thinks, the year of departure from Ireland must be 562.
43 See " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Anti-
quitates," cap. xv. , pp. 362, 363.
gus Chronologo-Genealogicus," p. 473.
45 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. ii,, chap, xi. , sect, xiii. , and n.
la etatis suae xlii. " Rev. Dr. O Conor s " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores. " to nus ii. Annales Tigernachi, at A. D. 563, p. 143.
371
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
Heis
8 fromIrelandto
as
Hy, together with twelve of his disciples,5? at the time he first left our Island
for Britain. 60 It can scarcely be imagined, that St. Columba would have
directed his course, with such a number of followers, to a stranger country, without his being previously allowed to inhabit some specified portion. The
1
following are said to have been their names f although these have often been
62viz. twosonsofBrenden 6*alsocalled printed very inaccurately, : fi Baithene,
Conin,6s the holy successor ofSt. Columba, at Iona his brother Cobthach 66 ;;
Ernaan,
6 ? the uncle of St. 8 his steward Rus 6° and Columba; Diarmitius,° ;
generally represented,
having
sailed
straights
Fechno,7° two sons ot Rodain
; Scandal,?
1 son of Breasal 2
;? Lugid
Mocut-
hemne Echoid Tochannu ? 5 Mocufir-cetea
6 7 son of Bran- ;? Cairnaan,?
;73 ;W
dubh 8 and Grillaan. 70 ;7
80 8l
license, Dempster perverts
his usual
almost every one of the foregoing names, making each individual an author
Following
as well as a saint. 82 To the foregoing has been added Constantine, King of
56 In his Second Preface to St. Columba's Life.
63 Boece and Dempster distinguish him
" Trias
Quinta Vita S. Columbse, lib. ii. , cap. ix. ,
p. 410.
s8 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect,
xiii. , p. 154.
59 Adamnan states, " cum duodecimcom-
molitonibus discipulis. " Vita S. Columbse, lib. iii. , cap. iv. Their names are given by
Archbishop Ussher, from an Appendix found in a Cottonian Manuscript. See"Biitan- nicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xv. PP- 363» 364.
60 Colgun has pointed out various mistakes
regarding their names, in "Trias Thauma-
turga," Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. ix. De Sociis peregrina- tionis S. Columbse in Britanniam, pp. 486, 487.
be seen in the
Camerarius assigns him a feast at Au-
57 See
Colgan's
however, as Thaumaturga," may
sequel.
Colgan make this a distinct name, while it 61 These are taken from a Codex of is only a surname. See " Trias Thauma-
Adamnan's Life, and appear to have been
an addition, drawn from authentic sources,
probably from records preserved at Hy.
"
There is no counterpart to be found among our Irish manuscripts," says Rev. Dr. Reeves, " but some of the particulars appear in a tract ascribed to ^Engus the Culdee, who flourished about a century after Adam- nan; whileothersca—nbeverifiedbyinde- pendent authorities. " Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes A, n. (a), P- 245-
62SeeWilliamF. Skene'seditionofFor-
dun's " Scotichronicon," vol. i. , lib. iii. , cap. XxvL, p, 113, and Boece "Scotorum Histo- rian," lib. , ix. , fol. 166. Pinkerton has printed them correctly in "Vitae Antiquse Sancto-
turga," Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. x. , num, 92, p. 492.
74 Otherwise not specially noticed.
75 Another form of Dochonna. This is Mochonna, otherwise Mauricius or Macha- rius, whose feast is set down at November 1 2th, in the Scotch Calendar.
76 This is but a surname, while Fordun and others make it a separate name.
77
78HewassonofMeilgi.
Thenamesof Brandubh and Melge occur in the " Annals of the Four Masters. "
79 Corresponding with Greallan, as found in the Calendars.
Archbishop Ussher, who epitomizes what Dempster states. See "Britannicarum Ecclesiarum
Antiquitates. " cap. xv. , p. 364. 81 "
rum habitaveiunt in ea qui
80 Such is the observation of
parte Britannise, nunc vocata Scotia vel in ejus Insulis," p. 186. They are transferred, with a few altera-
tions from him, into
"
Origines Parochiales
Scotioe," vol. ii. , part i. , p. 285.
63 He was brother to St. Columba's father
In his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Fedhlimidh.
64 His feast occurs on this
ing.
82 See Rev. Dr Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
of St. Columba," Additional Notes A, pp. 245, 246, with notes.
day, June 9th, and notices of him will succeed this Life of
St. Columkille.
from Baithene ;
it being only an alias name,
66
gust 7th, in his Calendar of Scottish Saints,
at p. 166. For this, however, he shows no
authority.
67 He was of and brother superior Hinba,
to Ethnea, St. Columba's mother.
68 He is often alluded to, in Adamnan's
Life of St. Columba.
69 Possibly he was Ruisein of Inis Picht,
venerated at the 7th of April.
70 The same as Fiachna of the Calen-
dars.
71 A festival has been assigned to him, at
the 3rd of May.
72 He is called son of Endeus, son of
Neil.
73 Archbishop Ussher and after him
There is a St. Caornan, in the Calendars, at January 31st, and another so called, at April 28th.
Scotorum," at the names respective
preced-
June 9. ] LI VES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 375
Cornubia, who is stated 8^ to have left his terrene kingdom, and to have gone to Scotland with Columba, to preach the Faith among the Scots and Picts.
The holy man did not long remain, after landing on the shore of Ulidia, but
he went on board, and then leaving the green Island of Erin, he coasted
along the rocky promontories of Antrim. Then, he must have first sighted Islay ; but, although he desired an Island home for his place of exile, and for religious seclusion, as also for the better enforcement of his early monas- tic discipline, that was probably too large, and too near his native land. 84 At the period of St. Columba's voyage to Scotland, Conall, son of Comgall, King of Dalriada, seems to have been living on the west coast of Knapdale, ataplacecalledDelgonorCindelgendinCantire. 85 Itseemsveryprobable, that the holy voyager, with his companions, spent some time with his royal relative. This is almost indicated, by Adamnan, who tells us, that Columba gave Conall an account of the battle fought in Ireland, and two years after the engagement at Cuil Dreimhne. 86 Tradition states, that before he left that part of the country for Iona, his first church in Scotland was in the curious cave
at on 8? ThedestinationofColumbaandhiscom- chapel Cove, LochCaolisport.
panions,however,wasmoretotheNorth. AftercoastingalongIslay,Jura came next into view, as they set out on their voyage. Yet this was found to be a place, not suited for his residence. Next Colonsay was passed by unheeded. NeitherhadOronsaytherequiredadvantages. Onwardthevoyagerssailed, through a labyrinth of rocks, and at last they touched at Iona. As we have already seen, St. Mochta, Bishop of Louth, is said to have been at one time on that Island, and to have predicted, that one hundred years later, it was reserved as St. Columba's special inheritance. 88 The prophecy of Maucteus is related, by Adamnan, in another fashion ; and, by him it was slated, that Columba's fame should be widely divulged through all the provinces and islands of the ocean, while he should be deemed illustrious in future times. This is declared to have been a tradition, derived from persons having a com-
84 See "Good
" Life of St. Prcefacio Columba,"
Secunda,
88
"Trias Thaumaturga," by Prince O'Don-
; pillar, up- right stone, formerly stood at each end. "
Thus is the matter related, in Colgan's
Henry Davenport Graham's "Antiquities of
nell. See Vita S. Quinta
Iona," p. 5.
92 See William F. Skene's
"
Celtic Scot-
Columbre,
lib.
i. ,
89 St. Columba and his arrived companions
of
after a short passage, and as stated, on the vigil of Pentecost. Nothing very particular is recorded of that memorable voyage; so that we may infer, the winds were propitious, and that Iona was reached in safety. However, according to old legends, Druids are said to have then been residents, and to have practised their incantations to deceive the Christian missionaries. They pretended to be bishops of the Church, by assuming episcopal habits ; but, the servant of God readily knew them to be wolves in sheeps' clothing, and he warned them to leave that Island, which had been long destined for religious observances and practices of monastic discipline. Fearing the holy man's denunciations, the Druids deserted his Island. ^
petent knowledge
antiquity.
According to a tradition, that has long prevailed on the Island of his selec- tion, Columba first landed in a creek, which to the present days bears a name
83 In Fordun's"Schotichronicon,"lib. iii. , cap. 14.
Words," September 1st, 1869, Second Paper, p. 617.
85 See William F. Skene's "Celtic Scot-
land : a History of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. ,
book ii. , chap, iii. , pp. 85, 86.
86 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. 7, pp. 31, 32. 87 See " New Statistical Account of Scot-
land," vol. vii. , Argyle, p. 263.
cap. iii. , pp. 389, 390.
89
See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's
pp. 6, 7.
5° See this account, given in O'Donnell's
Life of our Saint, lib. ii. , cap. xi. , p. 411.
9I "There is amound here about fifty feet long, which is supposed to be a model ot St. Columba's currach, built by him in com- memoration of his landing a or —
376
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 9.
x or " Port of the Coracle "—a
cipitous rocks of gneiss, and marked by a beach of brilliantly-coloured peb- bles, of green serpentine, of green quartz, and of the reddest felspar. On the highest point oflona, and overlooking the expanse of the western sea, is the cairn called Cul ri Erin. This marks the spot where Columba is said to have ascended, for the purpose of ascertaining if he could discern from it the dis- tant shores of his beloved Erin. 92 But, the southern horizon was only a line of sea, stretching away to a limitless view, with no land appearing, Among the several poems attributed to him, there is one which so remarkably de- scribes the scene from this spot, and the emotions it was calculated to excite in one of his temperament, we learn, it is hardly possible to avoid the conclu- sion, that it contains the genuine expression of his feelings. 93 And so this hill has ever since been marked by a cairn, which is known to the Gael as " Cairn cul ri Erin,"9+ or the " Cairn with the back turned upon Erin. "95 ThetractnearitiscalledinGaelictheMachar,orSandyPlain. Aftersome
little exploration, the immigrants must have found, that the eastern was the most sheltered side of the Island, and presenting those conditions best suit- ingtherequirementsofancienthusbandry. Thereforewasit selectedasa permanent site, for the foundation of their religious establishment.
While Roman cities stood in Britain, and while the ancient Christianized Celts of that province maintained a doubtful contest with Teutonic heathenism, and before the Saxon heptarchy had been formed, the illustrious St. Columkille
Port a
Churaich,9
port guarded
round
by pre-
land," vol. ii. , p. 91.
93 The original ot this very interesting
poem is among the Irish Manuscripts in the Royal Library at Brussels, the keeper of
"
"
"
"
And all the many ills I've done I weeping would deplore.
The Godhead then would I bless,
M. Alen, — the which, kindly supplied
from which the text is given :
" Sweet is to me in Uchd Aluinn,
On a peaked crag to be, That I might often behold
The face of the boundless sea.
11 To look on the heaving waves, While in their Father's ear
Music for ever they chant, Hymning the world's career.
" The level and star-bright strand No sorrow it were to see,
And to hear the wondrous birds, Sailing on happily.
" The thunder of crowding waves To hear on the rocky shore,
copy
Him who doth all Heaven with its orders
And down by the church to hear The sounding surges roar.
To see the swift-flying flocks Overthewateryplain,
And, greatest of wonders all, The monsters of the main.
" To see the ebb and the flood
In power upon the sea, And Cul-ri-Erin there, I say My secret name would be.
" And grief would come to my heart, While gazing to her shore,
" Best counsel in the sight of God, To me there hath been given,
From error He shall keep me free, My King, the Lord of Heaven ! "
Macmillan's Magazine for November, 1878.
—
And earth and shore and deep.
I would search in all the books
That good to my soul would bring,
Now to beloved Heaven I'd kneel, And now a Psalm I'd sing.
Heaven's high one, the holy Chief,
My thoughts would now employ, Anon to work without constraint
Would be to me a joy.
Dulse from the rocks I would pluck,
At times I'd fishing go,
At times I would feed the poor,
Now in the cell bend low.
94 Cul ri Erin earn is still visible and re- tains its name. The position is shown on the Map of Iona, prefixed to Henry Daven- port Graham's "Antiquities of Iona. "
95 See " Iona," by the Duke of Argyll,
chap, ii. , pp. 79, 80.
96 Four years after he first landed there,
and twenty years before his death, Ceawlin, King of Wessex, about a. d. 577, destroyed
things keep, bright untold,
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 377
landed on Iona. Thence he was destined to spread the lights of religion and civilization, on the adjoining shores of Scotland. ^6 During the whole of Columba's long life, the conquest of Britain was being carried on, by the
Angles, Jutes and Saxons ; while it was only finally completed, as nearly as possible, about the period of his death. Before the end of the sixth century, the Saxon or the Teutonic dominion had been established, from the German Ocean to the Severn, and from the English Channel to the Frith of Forth, while the northern part of the Island was still held by the Picts and Scots. 97 We have only to remember, that Columba was the contemporary of Jus- tinian ° 8 and of Belisarius ;°° the first being that great Emperor, whose genius, or whose fortune restored for a time, the splendour of the Roman govern- ment; and the latter being that great general, who re-established the supre- macy of the Roman arms. These events seem to belong altogether to the ancientworld. '00 Thepresenceofgreatmen,inanyparticularplace,issure to create an interest for posterity, and this seems even to increase, as time the
or to one set of
day. philosophers ;
in the mind
101 102
Nor is this to one coun- feeling peculiar
intervals through the green turf, is fertile, abeunding in good pasturage. 3 Heath, wild thyme, and flowers, grow there abundantly in the summer season. The soil is light, for the most part, and formed of shelly sand, yet on the eastern or sheltered side, the slopes are favourable for tillage. It is stated, in an old Irish Life of St. Columba, that before he took possession of this Island, he addressed those companions, who landed with him, and he said to them, that it should be well if one of them consecrated Iona with his mortal remains,
before their community began to spread their roots, while he signified, like-
the old Roman city, known as Uriconium, mind from all local emotion would be im- the foundations of which curious antiquaries possible, if it were endeavoured ; and would have lately uncovered. See John Hill be foolish, if it were possible. Whatever
more removes us from their
it is a sentiment
of every enlightened student of the world's history and of man's immortal
destiny.
try,
but,
deep
The Island of Iona, although rocky and with cliffs protruding at frequent io
Burton's "History of Scotland," vol. i. , chap, i. , p. 33, 34.
withdraws us from the power of our senses,
whatever makes the past, the distant, or the
future, over the ad- predominate present,
vances us to the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me and my friends be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us unmoved and indifferent over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery, or virtue. That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plains of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warm among the ruins of Iona. " —Works of Samuel A.
w See Edward A. Freeman's "
of
History the Norman Conquest of England, its Causes and its Results," vol. i. , chap, ii. ,
sect, i. , p. 14.
9s He was born about the year 484, and
he survived to the 14th November, 565. See Michaud's "Biographie Universelle An- cienne et Moderne," tome xxi. , pp. 368 to
375.
99 He died March 13th, A. D. 565. See a
very complete account of him in Gibbon's
"History of the Decline and Fall of the Murphy, vol. vi. , p. 391. London, 1806,
Roman Empire," vol. v. , chap, xli. , xlii. , xliii. , pp. 99 to 247. Dr. William Smith's edition.
arrived in Britain, a. d. 562. 4° This he deduces, from the data, that Columba
was then in the of his 1 that he remained in Britain forty-second year age,*
for thirty-four years, and that he died, most probably a. d. 596. 42 The year 563 is generally regarded, however, as that of his departure from Ireland on this
enterprise. Toprovethis,thelearnedchronographerArchbishopUssherenters uponaclosecomparisonofdatesandoccurences. -^ Hisauthorityisfollowedby
45and —Rev. Dr. Reeves/6 The Lanigan, by
who lived among the high and solitary mountains, which separate them from
the southern regions, in the year of our Lord's Incarnation, 565, when Justin
Minor governed the Roman Empire after the time of Justinian. Moreover,
Columba came to Britain, in the ninth year of the reign of Bridius, son of
Meilochon, the mighty King of the Picts. 48 This calculation of Bede, has
beenfollowedbyFlorenceofWorcester,byHermannContract,* byHenry
of Huntingdon,50 by Fabius Ethelredus, and by John Capgrave. 51 Other
accounts have it at a. d. 566, such as those of Matthew of Paris, 52 and Matthew
ofWestminster. " AccordingtoJohnofTeignmouthandJohnCapgrave, St. Columba is said to have been forty-five years of age, when he left Scotia
as a missionary for Britain. 54 At this time, however, he is more generally said to have been forty-two years of age. 55 Such is the account agreed upon by most writers of his Acts, such as Adamnan,56 and O'Donnell,5? while it seems most reconcilable with the incidents of his career.
Roderick 44 Rev. Dr. 0'Flaherty, by
Venera
—ble Bede
that St. Columba whom he calls Colum-
47
banus left Ireland to preach the word of God among the Northern Picts,
distinctly states,
35 Thus, Adamnan says he passed from "Scotia ad Britanniam. "
36 The Venerable Bede remarks, " Venit
149, pp. 154, 157, 158.
46 See his Adamnan's "Life of St.
Columba. " ChronologicalSummaryofSt. Columba's Life, p. lxxv. , and additional
Notes L, p. 310.
47 See "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 4, p. 168.
4^ See D. Petrus Lombardus, "De Regno Hibernise, Sanctorum Insula, Commenta-
de Hibe—rnia . . . . Columba Brit- "
taniam. " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Anglorum," lib. hi. , cap. 4, p. 168, Cain- bridge edition.
37 See Dr. O'Donovan's edition, vol. L,
the war of
39 This was I-Columkille or Iona.
40 Supposing our saint to have died A. D. 596, and that he came there in the forty- second year of his age, the foregoing is his conclusion. See "Trias Thaumaturga," Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. 7, p. 486.
41 According to Adamnan's Preface to St.
Columba's Life, as also to lib. according iii. ,
cap. 22, and according to his Life by
pp. 196, 197.
38 As we have seen,
" edited Rev. Patrick F,
by Moran,
they place Cuil-Dreimhne at a. d. 555.
rius,
D. D. , cap. xv. , p. 81.
49 This learned man, born A. D. 1013, be-
came a monk of St. Gall, and he died Abbot
of Reichenau, A. D. 1054, having left behind him a valuable history, known as " Chroni- con desex yEtatibusMundi. "
5* In his Annals.
51 in nis vita S. Columbae, cap. i. , and in his Annals of the Anglo-Saxons.
sa At Anno Gratise Matthew of DLXVI. ,
Paris, meaning this saint, thus writes :
" Eodem anno Sanctus de Columbanus,
—Scotia veniens, in Britannia clarus habetur," "Chronica Majora," edited by Henry Richards Luard, M. A. , vol, i. , p. 247.
53 See " Flores Historiarum," p. 196.
54 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,' Vita Tertia S. Columbse, cap. ii. , p. 332.
44""" S5 —
See Ogygia, Scotise Regum Catalo- 'Navigatio Coluim-Cille ad insulum
Cumeneus, cap. 32, ters.
42
and
succeeding chap-
By subtracting thirty-four years of exile from this, it is plain, Colgan thinks, the year of departure from Ireland must be 562.
43 See " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Anti-
quitates," cap. xv. , pp. 362, 363.
gus Chronologo-Genealogicus," p. 473.
45 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ire-
land," vol. ii,, chap, xi. , sect, xiii. , and n.
la etatis suae xlii. " Rev. Dr. O Conor s " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores. " to nus ii. Annales Tigernachi, at A. D. 563, p. 143.
371
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [June 9.
Heis
8 fromIrelandto
as
Hy, together with twelve of his disciples,5? at the time he first left our Island
for Britain. 60 It can scarcely be imagined, that St. Columba would have
directed his course, with such a number of followers, to a stranger country, without his being previously allowed to inhabit some specified portion. The
1
following are said to have been their names f although these have often been
62viz. twosonsofBrenden 6*alsocalled printed very inaccurately, : fi Baithene,
Conin,6s the holy successor ofSt. Columba, at Iona his brother Cobthach 66 ;;
Ernaan,
6 ? the uncle of St. 8 his steward Rus 6° and Columba; Diarmitius,° ;
generally represented,
having
sailed
straights
Fechno,7° two sons ot Rodain
; Scandal,?
1 son of Breasal 2
;? Lugid
Mocut-
hemne Echoid Tochannu ? 5 Mocufir-cetea
6 7 son of Bran- ;? Cairnaan,?
;73 ;W
dubh 8 and Grillaan. 70 ;7
80 8l
license, Dempster perverts
his usual
almost every one of the foregoing names, making each individual an author
Following
as well as a saint. 82 To the foregoing has been added Constantine, King of
56 In his Second Preface to St. Columba's Life.
63 Boece and Dempster distinguish him
" Trias
Quinta Vita S. Columbse, lib. ii. , cap. ix. ,
p. 410.
s8 See Rev. Dr. Lanigan's "Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xi. , sect,
xiii. , p. 154.
59 Adamnan states, " cum duodecimcom-
molitonibus discipulis. " Vita S. Columbse, lib. iii. , cap. iv. Their names are given by
Archbishop Ussher, from an Appendix found in a Cottonian Manuscript. See"Biitan- nicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xv. PP- 363» 364.
60 Colgun has pointed out various mistakes
regarding their names, in "Trias Thauma-
turga," Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. ix. De Sociis peregrina- tionis S. Columbse in Britanniam, pp. 486, 487.
be seen in the
Camerarius assigns him a feast at Au-
57 See
Colgan's
however, as Thaumaturga," may
sequel.
Colgan make this a distinct name, while it 61 These are taken from a Codex of is only a surname. See " Trias Thauma-
Adamnan's Life, and appear to have been
an addition, drawn from authentic sources,
probably from records preserved at Hy.
"
There is no counterpart to be found among our Irish manuscripts," says Rev. Dr. Reeves, " but some of the particulars appear in a tract ascribed to ^Engus the Culdee, who flourished about a century after Adam- nan; whileothersca—nbeverifiedbyinde- pendent authorities. " Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba," Additional Notes A, n. (a), P- 245-
62SeeWilliamF. Skene'seditionofFor-
dun's " Scotichronicon," vol. i. , lib. iii. , cap. XxvL, p, 113, and Boece "Scotorum Histo- rian," lib. , ix. , fol. 166. Pinkerton has printed them correctly in "Vitae Antiquse Sancto-
turga," Quarta Appendix ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. x. , num, 92, p. 492.
74 Otherwise not specially noticed.
75 Another form of Dochonna. This is Mochonna, otherwise Mauricius or Macha- rius, whose feast is set down at November 1 2th, in the Scotch Calendar.
76 This is but a surname, while Fordun and others make it a separate name.
77
78HewassonofMeilgi.
Thenamesof Brandubh and Melge occur in the " Annals of the Four Masters. "
79 Corresponding with Greallan, as found in the Calendars.
Archbishop Ussher, who epitomizes what Dempster states. See "Britannicarum Ecclesiarum
Antiquitates. " cap. xv. , p. 364. 81 "
rum habitaveiunt in ea qui
80 Such is the observation of
parte Britannise, nunc vocata Scotia vel in ejus Insulis," p. 186. They are transferred, with a few altera-
tions from him, into
"
Origines Parochiales
Scotioe," vol. ii. , part i. , p. 285.
63 He was brother to St. Columba's father
In his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Fedhlimidh.
64 His feast occurs on this
ing.
82 See Rev. Dr Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
of St. Columba," Additional Notes A, pp. 245, 246, with notes.
day, June 9th, and notices of him will succeed this Life of
St. Columkille.
from Baithene ;
it being only an alias name,
66
gust 7th, in his Calendar of Scottish Saints,
at p. 166. For this, however, he shows no
authority.
67 He was of and brother superior Hinba,
to Ethnea, St. Columba's mother.
68 He is often alluded to, in Adamnan's
Life of St. Columba.
69 Possibly he was Ruisein of Inis Picht,
venerated at the 7th of April.
70 The same as Fiachna of the Calen-
dars.
71 A festival has been assigned to him, at
the 3rd of May.
72 He is called son of Endeus, son of
Neil.
73 Archbishop Ussher and after him
There is a St. Caornan, in the Calendars, at January 31st, and another so called, at April 28th.
Scotorum," at the names respective
preced-
June 9. ] LI VES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 375
Cornubia, who is stated 8^ to have left his terrene kingdom, and to have gone to Scotland with Columba, to preach the Faith among the Scots and Picts.
The holy man did not long remain, after landing on the shore of Ulidia, but
he went on board, and then leaving the green Island of Erin, he coasted
along the rocky promontories of Antrim. Then, he must have first sighted Islay ; but, although he desired an Island home for his place of exile, and for religious seclusion, as also for the better enforcement of his early monas- tic discipline, that was probably too large, and too near his native land. 84 At the period of St. Columba's voyage to Scotland, Conall, son of Comgall, King of Dalriada, seems to have been living on the west coast of Knapdale, ataplacecalledDelgonorCindelgendinCantire. 85 Itseemsveryprobable, that the holy voyager, with his companions, spent some time with his royal relative. This is almost indicated, by Adamnan, who tells us, that Columba gave Conall an account of the battle fought in Ireland, and two years after the engagement at Cuil Dreimhne. 86 Tradition states, that before he left that part of the country for Iona, his first church in Scotland was in the curious cave
at on 8? ThedestinationofColumbaandhiscom- chapel Cove, LochCaolisport.
panions,however,wasmoretotheNorth. AftercoastingalongIslay,Jura came next into view, as they set out on their voyage. Yet this was found to be a place, not suited for his residence. Next Colonsay was passed by unheeded. NeitherhadOronsaytherequiredadvantages. Onwardthevoyagerssailed, through a labyrinth of rocks, and at last they touched at Iona. As we have already seen, St. Mochta, Bishop of Louth, is said to have been at one time on that Island, and to have predicted, that one hundred years later, it was reserved as St. Columba's special inheritance. 88 The prophecy of Maucteus is related, by Adamnan, in another fashion ; and, by him it was slated, that Columba's fame should be widely divulged through all the provinces and islands of the ocean, while he should be deemed illustrious in future times. This is declared to have been a tradition, derived from persons having a com-
84 See "Good
" Life of St. Prcefacio Columba,"
Secunda,
88
"Trias Thaumaturga," by Prince O'Don-
; pillar, up- right stone, formerly stood at each end. "
Thus is the matter related, in Colgan's
Henry Davenport Graham's "Antiquities of
nell. See Vita S. Quinta
Iona," p. 5.
92 See William F. Skene's
"
Celtic Scot-
Columbre,
lib.
i. ,
89 St. Columba and his arrived companions
of
after a short passage, and as stated, on the vigil of Pentecost. Nothing very particular is recorded of that memorable voyage; so that we may infer, the winds were propitious, and that Iona was reached in safety. However, according to old legends, Druids are said to have then been residents, and to have practised their incantations to deceive the Christian missionaries. They pretended to be bishops of the Church, by assuming episcopal habits ; but, the servant of God readily knew them to be wolves in sheeps' clothing, and he warned them to leave that Island, which had been long destined for religious observances and practices of monastic discipline. Fearing the holy man's denunciations, the Druids deserted his Island. ^
petent knowledge
antiquity.
According to a tradition, that has long prevailed on the Island of his selec- tion, Columba first landed in a creek, which to the present days bears a name
83 In Fordun's"Schotichronicon,"lib. iii. , cap. 14.
Words," September 1st, 1869, Second Paper, p. 617.
85 See William F. Skene's "Celtic Scot-
land : a History of Ancient Alban," vol. ii. ,
book ii. , chap, iii. , pp. 85, 86.
86 See Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life
of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. 7, pp. 31, 32. 87 See " New Statistical Account of Scot-
land," vol. vii. , Argyle, p. 263.
cap. iii. , pp. 389, 390.
89
See Rev. William Reeves' Adamnan's
pp. 6, 7.
5° See this account, given in O'Donnell's
Life of our Saint, lib. ii. , cap. xi. , p. 411.
9I "There is amound here about fifty feet long, which is supposed to be a model ot St. Columba's currach, built by him in com- memoration of his landing a or —
376
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 9.
x or " Port of the Coracle "—a
cipitous rocks of gneiss, and marked by a beach of brilliantly-coloured peb- bles, of green serpentine, of green quartz, and of the reddest felspar. On the highest point oflona, and overlooking the expanse of the western sea, is the cairn called Cul ri Erin. This marks the spot where Columba is said to have ascended, for the purpose of ascertaining if he could discern from it the dis- tant shores of his beloved Erin. 92 But, the southern horizon was only a line of sea, stretching away to a limitless view, with no land appearing, Among the several poems attributed to him, there is one which so remarkably de- scribes the scene from this spot, and the emotions it was calculated to excite in one of his temperament, we learn, it is hardly possible to avoid the conclu- sion, that it contains the genuine expression of his feelings. 93 And so this hill has ever since been marked by a cairn, which is known to the Gael as " Cairn cul ri Erin,"9+ or the " Cairn with the back turned upon Erin. "95 ThetractnearitiscalledinGaelictheMachar,orSandyPlain. Aftersome
little exploration, the immigrants must have found, that the eastern was the most sheltered side of the Island, and presenting those conditions best suit- ingtherequirementsofancienthusbandry. Thereforewasit selectedasa permanent site, for the foundation of their religious establishment.
While Roman cities stood in Britain, and while the ancient Christianized Celts of that province maintained a doubtful contest with Teutonic heathenism, and before the Saxon heptarchy had been formed, the illustrious St. Columkille
Port a
Churaich,9
port guarded
round
by pre-
land," vol. ii. , p. 91.
93 The original ot this very interesting
poem is among the Irish Manuscripts in the Royal Library at Brussels, the keeper of
"
"
"
"
And all the many ills I've done I weeping would deplore.
The Godhead then would I bless,
M. Alen, — the which, kindly supplied
from which the text is given :
" Sweet is to me in Uchd Aluinn,
On a peaked crag to be, That I might often behold
The face of the boundless sea.
11 To look on the heaving waves, While in their Father's ear
Music for ever they chant, Hymning the world's career.
" The level and star-bright strand No sorrow it were to see,
And to hear the wondrous birds, Sailing on happily.
" The thunder of crowding waves To hear on the rocky shore,
copy
Him who doth all Heaven with its orders
And down by the church to hear The sounding surges roar.
To see the swift-flying flocks Overthewateryplain,
And, greatest of wonders all, The monsters of the main.
" To see the ebb and the flood
In power upon the sea, And Cul-ri-Erin there, I say My secret name would be.
" And grief would come to my heart, While gazing to her shore,
" Best counsel in the sight of God, To me there hath been given,
From error He shall keep me free, My King, the Lord of Heaven ! "
Macmillan's Magazine for November, 1878.
—
And earth and shore and deep.
I would search in all the books
That good to my soul would bring,
Now to beloved Heaven I'd kneel, And now a Psalm I'd sing.
Heaven's high one, the holy Chief,
My thoughts would now employ, Anon to work without constraint
Would be to me a joy.
Dulse from the rocks I would pluck,
At times I'd fishing go,
At times I would feed the poor,
Now in the cell bend low.
94 Cul ri Erin earn is still visible and re- tains its name. The position is shown on the Map of Iona, prefixed to Henry Daven- port Graham's "Antiquities of Iona. "
95 See " Iona," by the Duke of Argyll,
chap, ii. , pp. 79, 80.
96 Four years after he first landed there,
and twenty years before his death, Ceawlin, King of Wessex, about a. d. 577, destroyed
things keep, bright untold,
June 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 377
landed on Iona. Thence he was destined to spread the lights of religion and civilization, on the adjoining shores of Scotland. ^6 During the whole of Columba's long life, the conquest of Britain was being carried on, by the
Angles, Jutes and Saxons ; while it was only finally completed, as nearly as possible, about the period of his death. Before the end of the sixth century, the Saxon or the Teutonic dominion had been established, from the German Ocean to the Severn, and from the English Channel to the Frith of Forth, while the northern part of the Island was still held by the Picts and Scots. 97 We have only to remember, that Columba was the contemporary of Jus- tinian ° 8 and of Belisarius ;°° the first being that great Emperor, whose genius, or whose fortune restored for a time, the splendour of the Roman govern- ment; and the latter being that great general, who re-established the supre- macy of the Roman arms. These events seem to belong altogether to the ancientworld. '00 Thepresenceofgreatmen,inanyparticularplace,issure to create an interest for posterity, and this seems even to increase, as time the
or to one set of
day. philosophers ;
in the mind
101 102
Nor is this to one coun- feeling peculiar
intervals through the green turf, is fertile, abeunding in good pasturage. 3 Heath, wild thyme, and flowers, grow there abundantly in the summer season. The soil is light, for the most part, and formed of shelly sand, yet on the eastern or sheltered side, the slopes are favourable for tillage. It is stated, in an old Irish Life of St. Columba, that before he took possession of this Island, he addressed those companions, who landed with him, and he said to them, that it should be well if one of them consecrated Iona with his mortal remains,
before their community began to spread their roots, while he signified, like-
the old Roman city, known as Uriconium, mind from all local emotion would be im- the foundations of which curious antiquaries possible, if it were endeavoured ; and would have lately uncovered. See John Hill be foolish, if it were possible. Whatever
more removes us from their
it is a sentiment
of every enlightened student of the world's history and of man's immortal
destiny.
try,
but,
deep
The Island of Iona, although rocky and with cliffs protruding at frequent io
Burton's "History of Scotland," vol. i. , chap, i. , p. 33, 34.
withdraws us from the power of our senses,
whatever makes the past, the distant, or the
future, over the ad- predominate present,
vances us to the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me and my friends be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us unmoved and indifferent over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery, or virtue. That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plains of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warm among the ruins of Iona. " —Works of Samuel A.
w See Edward A. Freeman's "
of
History the Norman Conquest of England, its Causes and its Results," vol. i. , chap, ii. ,
sect, i. , p. 14.
9s He was born about the year 484, and
he survived to the 14th November, 565. See Michaud's "Biographie Universelle An- cienne et Moderne," tome xxi. , pp. 368 to
375.
99 He died March 13th, A. D. 565. See a
very complete account of him in Gibbon's
"History of the Decline and Fall of the Murphy, vol. vi. , p. 391. London, 1806,
Roman Empire," vol. v. , chap, xli. , xlii. , xliii. , pp. 99 to 247. Dr. William Smith's edition.
