)
mands of the government were of no avail, and he
## p.
mands of the government were of no avail, and he
## p.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
C.
M.
NERVA.
eighth and by others in the twelfth century of
ProQ. P.
He must, however, at any rate have
lived after the time of Theophylact, whom he
mentions. He made a collection of so-called loci
communes, or sentences on virtues and vices, which
is still extant. It resembles the Sermones of Sto-
baeus, and consists of two books in 176 titles. The
extracts are taken from the early Christian fathers.
The work is printed at the end of the editions of
Stobaeus publisbed at Frankfort, 1581, and Geneva,
1609, fol. It is also contained in the Biblioth.
15. 16. ANTONIA. (ANTONIA, 2. 3. ]
Patr. vol. v. p. 878, &c. , ed. Paris. (Fabr. Bill.
17. ANTONIA, the daughter of M. Antonius, the Gr. ix. p. 744, &c. ; Cave, Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit.
triumvir, and Antonia. [ANTONIA, 4. )
i. p. 666, ed. London. )
18. M. ANTONIUS, M. F. M. N. , called by the 3. A Greek MONK, and a disciple of Simeon
Greek writers Antyllus ("Avtudos), which is pro- Stylites, lived about A. D. 460. He wrote a life
bably only a corrupt form for Antonillus (young of his master Simeon, with whom he had lived
Antonius), was the elder of the two sons of the on intimate terms. It was written in Greck, and
triumvir by his wife Fulvia In B. C. 36, while he L. Allatius (Diatr. de Script. Sim. p. 8) attests,
was still a child, he was betrothed to Julia, the that he saw a Greek MS. of it; but the only
daughter of Caesar Octavianus. After the battle edition which has been published is a Latin
of Actium, when Antony despaired of success at translation in Boland's Act. Sanctor. i. p. 264. (Cave,
Alexandria, he conferred upon his son Marcus the Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit. ii. p. 145. ) Vossius (De
toga virilis (B. C. 30), that he might be able to take Hist. Lat. p. 231), who knew only the Latin trans-
his place in case of his death. He sent him with lation, was doubtful whether he should consider
proposals of peace to Caesar, which were rejected ; Antonius as a Latin or a Greek historian.
and on his death, shortly after, young Marcus was 4. ST. , sometimes surnamed Abbas, because
executed by order of Caesar. (Dion Cass. xlvii. 54, he is believed to have been the founder of the
li. 6, 8, 15; Suet. Aug. 17, 63; Plut. Ant. 71, 81, monastic life among the early Christians, was
87. )
born in A. D. 251, at Coma, near Heracleia, in
19. JULUS ANTONIUS, M. f. M. n. , the younger Middle Egypt. His earliest years were spent in
son of the triumvir by Fulvia, was brought up by seclusion, and the Greek language, which then
his step-mother Octavia at Rome, and after his every person of education used to acquire, remain-
father's death (B. C. 30) received great marks of ed unknown to him. He merely spoke and wrote
favour from Augustus, through the influence of the Egyptian language. At the age of nineteen,
Octavia. (Plut. Ant. 87; Dion Cass. li. 15. ) Au- after having lost both his parents, he distributed
gustus married him to Marcella, the daughter of his large property among his neighbours and the
Octavia by her first husband, C. Marcellus, con- poor, and determined to live in solitary seclusion
ferred upon him the praetorship in B. c. 13, and in the neighbourhood of his birthplace. The
the consulship in B. C. 10. (Vell. Pat. ü. 100; struggle before he fully overcame the desires of the
Dion Cass. liv. 26, 36; Suet. Claud. 2. ) In con- flesh is said to have been immense ; but at length
sequence of his adulterous intercourse with Julia, he succeeded, and the simple diet which he
the daughter of Augustus, he was condemned to adopted, combined with manual labour, strength-
death by the emperor in B. c. 2, but seems to have ened his health so much, that he lived to the age
anticipated his execution by a voluntary death. of 105 years. In A. d. 285 he withdrew to the
He was also accused of aiming at the empire. mountains of eastern Egypt, where he took up his
(Dion Cass. Iv. 10; Senec, de Brevit. Vit. 5; Tac. abode in a decayed castle or tower. Here he spent
Ann. iv. 44, iii 18; Plin. H. N. vii. 46 ; Vell. twenty years in solitude, and in constant struggles
Pat. I. c. ) Antonius was a poet, as we learn from with the evil spirit. It was not till A. D. 305, that
one of Horace's odes (iv. 2), which is addressed to his friends prevailed upon him to return to the
him.
world. He now began his active and public career.
20. ANTONIA MAJOR, the elder daughter of A number of disciples gathered around him, and his
M. Antonius and Octavia. (ANTONIA, No. 5. ) preaching, together with the many miraculous cures
21. ANTONIA MINOR, the younger daughter of he was said to perform on the sick, spread his fame
M. Antonius and Octavia. (ANTONIA, No. 6. ) all over Egypt. The number of persons anxious to
22. ALEXANDER, son of M. Antonius and Cleo learn from him and to follow his mode of life in-
patram (ALEXANDER, p. 112, a)
creased every year. Of such persons he made two
23. CLEOPATRA, daughter of M. Antonius and settlements, one in the mountains of eastern Egypt,
Cleopatra (CLEOPATRA. ]
and another near the town of Arsinoë, and he him-
24. PTOLEMAEUS PHILADELPHUS, son of M. self usually spent his time in one of these monas-
Antonius and Cleopatra (PTOLEMAEUS. ) teries, if we may call them so. From the accounts
25. L. ANTONIUS, son of No. 19 and Marcella, of St. Athanasius in his life of Antonius, it is clear
and grandson of the triumvir, was sent, after his that most of the essential points of a monastic life
father's death, into honourable exile at Massilia, were observed in these establishments. During
where he died in A. D. 25. (Tac. Ann. iv. 44. ) the persecution of the Christians in the reign of the
ANTOʻNIUS ('Avtários). 1. Of Argos, a emperor Maximian, A. d. 311, Antonius, anxious
Greek poet, one of whose epigrams is still extant to gain the palm of a martyr, went to Alexandria,
in the Greek Anthology. (ix. 102; comp. Jacobs, but all his efforts and his opposition to the com-
ad Anthol. vol. xiii. p. 852.
)
mands of the government were of no avail, and he
## p. 218 (#238) ############################################
218
ANTONIUS.
ANUBIS.
was obliged to return uninjured to his solitude. ANTONIUS CASTOR. (Castor. )
As his peace began to be more and more disturbed ANTONIUS DIOGENES. [DIOGENES. )
by the number of visitors, he withdrew further ANTONIUS FELIX. [Felix. ]
east to a mountain which is called mount St. An- ANTOʻNIUS FLAMMA. [FLAMMA. )
tonius to this day; but he nevertheless frequently ANTONIUS GNIPIIO. [GNICHO. )
visited the towns of Egypt, and formed an intimate ANTONIUS HONORATUS. (HONORATU'S. )
friendship with Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria. ANTONICS JULIANUS. (JULIANUS)
During the exile of the latter from Alexandria, ANTONIUS LIBERA'LIS (LIBERALIS. )
Antonius wrote several letters on his behalf to the ANTONIUS MUSA. (MUSA. ]
emperor Constantine. The emperor did not grant ANTONIUS NASO. [Naso. )
his request, but shewed great esteem for the Egyp ANTONIUS NATA'LIS. (NATALIS. )
tian hermit, and even invited him to Constantinople. ANTONIUS NOVELLU'S. (NOVELLUS. )
Antonius, however, declined this invitation. His ANTONIUS PO'LEMO. (PolExo. )
attempts to use his authority against the Arians in ANTONIUS PRIMUS. (PRIMUS. )
Egypt were treated with contempt by their leaders. ANTONIUS RUFUS. (Rufus. )
After the restoration of Athanasius, Antonius at ANTONIUS SATURNI'NUS. (SATURNE-
the age of 104 years went to Alexandria to see his NUS. )
friend once more, and to exert his last powers ANTONIUS TAURUS. (TAURUS]
against the Arians. His journey thither resembled ANTONIUS THALLUS. [THALLUS. ]
a triumphal procession, every one wishing to catch ANTOʻRIDES, a painter, contemporary with
a glimpse of the great Saint and to obtain his Euphranor, and, like him, a pupil of Aristo, Hou-
blessing. After having wrought sundry miracles rished about 340 B. C. (Plin. xxxv. 37. ) [P. S. )
at Alexandria, he returned to his mountains, where ANTYLLUS. (ANTONIUS, No. 18. )
he died on the 17th of January, 356. At his ex- ANTYLLUS ("Avtudos), an eminent physi-
press desire his favourite disciples buried his body cian and surgeon, who must have lived before the
in the earth and kept the spot secret, in order that end of the fourth century after Christ, as he is
his tomb might not be profaned by vulgar supersti- quoted by Oribasius, and who probably lived later
tion. This request, together with the sentiments than the end of the second century, as he is no
expressed in his sermons, epistles, and sentences where mentioned by Galen. Of the place of his
still extant, shew that Antonius was far above the birth and the events of his life nothing is known,
majority of religious enthusiasts and fanatics of but he appears to have obtained a great reputation,
those times, and a more sensible man than he ap- and is mentioned in Cyrilli Alexandrini (? ) knicon
pears in the much interpolated biography by St. (in Cramer's Anecdota Graeca Parisiensia, vol. iv.
Athanasius. We have twenty epistles which go p. 196) among the celebrated physicians of anti-
by the name of Antonius, but only seven of them quity. He was rather a voluminous writer, but
are generally considered genuine. About A. D. 800 none of his works are still extant except some
they were translated from the Egyptian into fragments which have been preserved by Oribasius,
Arabic, and from the Arabic they were translated Aëtius, and other ancient authors. These, how-
into Latin and published by Abraham Ecchellensis, ever, are quite sufficient to shew that he was a man
Paris, 1641, 8vo. The same editor published in of talent and originality. The most interesting
1646, at Paris, an 8vo. volume containing various extract from his works that has been preserved is
sermons, exhortations, and sentences of Antonius. probably that relating to the operation of trache-
(S. Athanasii, Vita S. Antonü, Gr. et Lat. ed. otomy, of which he is the earliest writer whose
Hoeschel, Augustae Vindel. 1611, 4to. ; Socrat. directions for performing it are still extant. The
Hist. Eccles. i. 21, iv. 23, 25; Sozom. Hist. Eccles. whole passage has been translated in the Dict. of
i. 3, ii. 31, 34; comp. Cave, Script. Ecd. Hist. Lit. Ant. s. r. Chirurgia. The fragments of Antyllus
i. p. 150, &c. )
[L. S. ] have been collected and published in a separate
ANTONIUS, a PHYSICIAN, called by Galen form, with the title Antulli, Veteris Chirurgi, td
& difotóuos, “the herbalist,” who must have lived leivava ventilanda exhibit Panagiota Nicoluides,
in or before the second century after Christ. His Praeside Curtio Sprengel, Halae, 1799, 4to. For
medical formulae are several times quoted by Galen particulars respecting the medical and surgical
(De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, ii. 1, vol. xii. practice of Antyllus, see Haller, Biblioth. Chirurg. ,
p. 557; De Compos. Medicam, sec. Gen. vi. 15, and Biblioth. Medic. Pract. ; Sprengel. Hist. de la
vol. xiii. p. 935), and he is perhaps the same per- | Méd.
(W. A. G. ]
son who is called φαρμακοπώλης, " the druggist. " ANU'BIS ("Avovbis), an Egyptian divinity,
(De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, ix. 4, vol. xiii
. worshipped in the form of a dog, or of a human
p. 281. ) Possibly they may both be identical being with a dog's head. In the worship of this
with Antonius Castor (CASTOR, ANTONIUS), but divinity several phases must be distinguished, as in
of this there is no proof whatever. A treatise on the case of Ammon. It was in all probability ori-
the Pulse (Opera, vol. xix. p. 629), which goes ginally a fetish, and the object of the worship of
under Galen's name, but which is probably a the dog, the representative of that useful species of
spurious compilation from his other works on this animals. Subsequently it was mixed up and com-
subject, is addressed to a person named Antonius, bined with other religious systems, and Anubis
who is there called Diomaoris kal Pinbo opos; and assumed a symbolical or astronomical character, at
Galen wrote his work De Propriorum Animi least in the minds of the learned. The worship of
cujusdam Affectuum Dumotione et Curatione (Opera, dogs in Egypt is sufficiently attested by Herodotus
vol. v. p. 1, &c. ) in answer to a somewhat similar (ii. 66), and there are traces of its having been
treatise by an Epicurean philosopher of this name, known in Greece at an early period; for a law
who, howerer, does not appear to have been a ascribed to the mythical Rhadamanthys of Crete
physician.
(W. A. G. ] commanded, that men should not swear by the
ANTONIUS A'TTICUS. (ATTICUS. ) gods, but by a goose, a dog, or a ram. (Eustath.
a
## p. 219 (#239) ############################################
ANUBIS.
219
ANYTE.
and Odyss. p. 1821 ; Mich. Apost. Centur. Proverb. (Strab. xvii. p. 805; Stat. Sylv. iii. 2. 112. ) For
xvii. No. 7. ) The fact that Socrates used to swear further particulars respecting the worship of Anu-
by a dog is so well known, that we scarcely need bis the reader is referred to the works on Egyptian
mention it. (Athen vii. p. 300; Porphyr. de Ab mythology, such as Jablonsky, Panth. Aegypt. v. 1.
stin, iii. p. 285. ) It is however a remarkable fact, $ 12, &c. ; Champollion (le Jeune), Panthéon Eyype
that, notwithstanding this, the name of Anubis is tien, Paris, 1823; Pritchard, Egyptian Mythology.
not expressly mentioned by any writer previous to We only add a few remarks respecting the notions
the age of Augustus; but after that time, it fre of the Greeks and Romans about Anubis, and his
quently occurs both in Greek and Roman authors. worship among them. The Greeks identified the
(Ov. Met
. ix.
ProQ. P.
He must, however, at any rate have
lived after the time of Theophylact, whom he
mentions. He made a collection of so-called loci
communes, or sentences on virtues and vices, which
is still extant. It resembles the Sermones of Sto-
baeus, and consists of two books in 176 titles. The
extracts are taken from the early Christian fathers.
The work is printed at the end of the editions of
Stobaeus publisbed at Frankfort, 1581, and Geneva,
1609, fol. It is also contained in the Biblioth.
15. 16. ANTONIA. (ANTONIA, 2. 3. ]
Patr. vol. v. p. 878, &c. , ed. Paris. (Fabr. Bill.
17. ANTONIA, the daughter of M. Antonius, the Gr. ix. p. 744, &c. ; Cave, Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit.
triumvir, and Antonia. [ANTONIA, 4. )
i. p. 666, ed. London. )
18. M. ANTONIUS, M. F. M. N. , called by the 3. A Greek MONK, and a disciple of Simeon
Greek writers Antyllus ("Avtudos), which is pro- Stylites, lived about A. D. 460. He wrote a life
bably only a corrupt form for Antonillus (young of his master Simeon, with whom he had lived
Antonius), was the elder of the two sons of the on intimate terms. It was written in Greck, and
triumvir by his wife Fulvia In B. C. 36, while he L. Allatius (Diatr. de Script. Sim. p. 8) attests,
was still a child, he was betrothed to Julia, the that he saw a Greek MS. of it; but the only
daughter of Caesar Octavianus. After the battle edition which has been published is a Latin
of Actium, when Antony despaired of success at translation in Boland's Act. Sanctor. i. p. 264. (Cave,
Alexandria, he conferred upon his son Marcus the Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit. ii. p. 145. ) Vossius (De
toga virilis (B. C. 30), that he might be able to take Hist. Lat. p. 231), who knew only the Latin trans-
his place in case of his death. He sent him with lation, was doubtful whether he should consider
proposals of peace to Caesar, which were rejected ; Antonius as a Latin or a Greek historian.
and on his death, shortly after, young Marcus was 4. ST. , sometimes surnamed Abbas, because
executed by order of Caesar. (Dion Cass. xlvii. 54, he is believed to have been the founder of the
li. 6, 8, 15; Suet. Aug. 17, 63; Plut. Ant. 71, 81, monastic life among the early Christians, was
87. )
born in A. D. 251, at Coma, near Heracleia, in
19. JULUS ANTONIUS, M. f. M. n. , the younger Middle Egypt. His earliest years were spent in
son of the triumvir by Fulvia, was brought up by seclusion, and the Greek language, which then
his step-mother Octavia at Rome, and after his every person of education used to acquire, remain-
father's death (B. C. 30) received great marks of ed unknown to him. He merely spoke and wrote
favour from Augustus, through the influence of the Egyptian language. At the age of nineteen,
Octavia. (Plut. Ant. 87; Dion Cass. li. 15. ) Au- after having lost both his parents, he distributed
gustus married him to Marcella, the daughter of his large property among his neighbours and the
Octavia by her first husband, C. Marcellus, con- poor, and determined to live in solitary seclusion
ferred upon him the praetorship in B. c. 13, and in the neighbourhood of his birthplace. The
the consulship in B. C. 10. (Vell. Pat. ü. 100; struggle before he fully overcame the desires of the
Dion Cass. liv. 26, 36; Suet. Claud. 2. ) In con- flesh is said to have been immense ; but at length
sequence of his adulterous intercourse with Julia, he succeeded, and the simple diet which he
the daughter of Augustus, he was condemned to adopted, combined with manual labour, strength-
death by the emperor in B. c. 2, but seems to have ened his health so much, that he lived to the age
anticipated his execution by a voluntary death. of 105 years. In A. d. 285 he withdrew to the
He was also accused of aiming at the empire. mountains of eastern Egypt, where he took up his
(Dion Cass. Iv. 10; Senec, de Brevit. Vit. 5; Tac. abode in a decayed castle or tower. Here he spent
Ann. iv. 44, iii 18; Plin. H. N. vii. 46 ; Vell. twenty years in solitude, and in constant struggles
Pat. I. c. ) Antonius was a poet, as we learn from with the evil spirit. It was not till A. D. 305, that
one of Horace's odes (iv. 2), which is addressed to his friends prevailed upon him to return to the
him.
world. He now began his active and public career.
20. ANTONIA MAJOR, the elder daughter of A number of disciples gathered around him, and his
M. Antonius and Octavia. (ANTONIA, No. 5. ) preaching, together with the many miraculous cures
21. ANTONIA MINOR, the younger daughter of he was said to perform on the sick, spread his fame
M. Antonius and Octavia. (ANTONIA, No. 6. ) all over Egypt. The number of persons anxious to
22. ALEXANDER, son of M. Antonius and Cleo learn from him and to follow his mode of life in-
patram (ALEXANDER, p. 112, a)
creased every year. Of such persons he made two
23. CLEOPATRA, daughter of M. Antonius and settlements, one in the mountains of eastern Egypt,
Cleopatra (CLEOPATRA. ]
and another near the town of Arsinoë, and he him-
24. PTOLEMAEUS PHILADELPHUS, son of M. self usually spent his time in one of these monas-
Antonius and Cleopatra (PTOLEMAEUS. ) teries, if we may call them so. From the accounts
25. L. ANTONIUS, son of No. 19 and Marcella, of St. Athanasius in his life of Antonius, it is clear
and grandson of the triumvir, was sent, after his that most of the essential points of a monastic life
father's death, into honourable exile at Massilia, were observed in these establishments. During
where he died in A. D. 25. (Tac. Ann. iv. 44. ) the persecution of the Christians in the reign of the
ANTOʻNIUS ('Avtários). 1. Of Argos, a emperor Maximian, A. d. 311, Antonius, anxious
Greek poet, one of whose epigrams is still extant to gain the palm of a martyr, went to Alexandria,
in the Greek Anthology. (ix. 102; comp. Jacobs, but all his efforts and his opposition to the com-
ad Anthol. vol. xiii. p. 852.
)
mands of the government were of no avail, and he
## p. 218 (#238) ############################################
218
ANTONIUS.
ANUBIS.
was obliged to return uninjured to his solitude. ANTONIUS CASTOR. (Castor. )
As his peace began to be more and more disturbed ANTONIUS DIOGENES. [DIOGENES. )
by the number of visitors, he withdrew further ANTONIUS FELIX. [Felix. ]
east to a mountain which is called mount St. An- ANTOʻNIUS FLAMMA. [FLAMMA. )
tonius to this day; but he nevertheless frequently ANTONIUS GNIPIIO. [GNICHO. )
visited the towns of Egypt, and formed an intimate ANTONIUS HONORATUS. (HONORATU'S. )
friendship with Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria. ANTONICS JULIANUS. (JULIANUS)
During the exile of the latter from Alexandria, ANTONIUS LIBERA'LIS (LIBERALIS. )
Antonius wrote several letters on his behalf to the ANTONIUS MUSA. (MUSA. ]
emperor Constantine. The emperor did not grant ANTONIUS NASO. [Naso. )
his request, but shewed great esteem for the Egyp ANTONIUS NATA'LIS. (NATALIS. )
tian hermit, and even invited him to Constantinople. ANTONIUS NOVELLU'S. (NOVELLUS. )
Antonius, however, declined this invitation. His ANTONIUS PO'LEMO. (PolExo. )
attempts to use his authority against the Arians in ANTONIUS PRIMUS. (PRIMUS. )
Egypt were treated with contempt by their leaders. ANTONIUS RUFUS. (Rufus. )
After the restoration of Athanasius, Antonius at ANTONIUS SATURNI'NUS. (SATURNE-
the age of 104 years went to Alexandria to see his NUS. )
friend once more, and to exert his last powers ANTONIUS TAURUS. (TAURUS]
against the Arians. His journey thither resembled ANTONIUS THALLUS. [THALLUS. ]
a triumphal procession, every one wishing to catch ANTOʻRIDES, a painter, contemporary with
a glimpse of the great Saint and to obtain his Euphranor, and, like him, a pupil of Aristo, Hou-
blessing. After having wrought sundry miracles rished about 340 B. C. (Plin. xxxv. 37. ) [P. S. )
at Alexandria, he returned to his mountains, where ANTYLLUS. (ANTONIUS, No. 18. )
he died on the 17th of January, 356. At his ex- ANTYLLUS ("Avtudos), an eminent physi-
press desire his favourite disciples buried his body cian and surgeon, who must have lived before the
in the earth and kept the spot secret, in order that end of the fourth century after Christ, as he is
his tomb might not be profaned by vulgar supersti- quoted by Oribasius, and who probably lived later
tion. This request, together with the sentiments than the end of the second century, as he is no
expressed in his sermons, epistles, and sentences where mentioned by Galen. Of the place of his
still extant, shew that Antonius was far above the birth and the events of his life nothing is known,
majority of religious enthusiasts and fanatics of but he appears to have obtained a great reputation,
those times, and a more sensible man than he ap- and is mentioned in Cyrilli Alexandrini (? ) knicon
pears in the much interpolated biography by St. (in Cramer's Anecdota Graeca Parisiensia, vol. iv.
Athanasius. We have twenty epistles which go p. 196) among the celebrated physicians of anti-
by the name of Antonius, but only seven of them quity. He was rather a voluminous writer, but
are generally considered genuine. About A. D. 800 none of his works are still extant except some
they were translated from the Egyptian into fragments which have been preserved by Oribasius,
Arabic, and from the Arabic they were translated Aëtius, and other ancient authors. These, how-
into Latin and published by Abraham Ecchellensis, ever, are quite sufficient to shew that he was a man
Paris, 1641, 8vo. The same editor published in of talent and originality. The most interesting
1646, at Paris, an 8vo. volume containing various extract from his works that has been preserved is
sermons, exhortations, and sentences of Antonius. probably that relating to the operation of trache-
(S. Athanasii, Vita S. Antonü, Gr. et Lat. ed. otomy, of which he is the earliest writer whose
Hoeschel, Augustae Vindel. 1611, 4to. ; Socrat. directions for performing it are still extant. The
Hist. Eccles. i. 21, iv. 23, 25; Sozom. Hist. Eccles. whole passage has been translated in the Dict. of
i. 3, ii. 31, 34; comp. Cave, Script. Ecd. Hist. Lit. Ant. s. r. Chirurgia. The fragments of Antyllus
i. p. 150, &c. )
[L. S. ] have been collected and published in a separate
ANTONIUS, a PHYSICIAN, called by Galen form, with the title Antulli, Veteris Chirurgi, td
& difotóuos, “the herbalist,” who must have lived leivava ventilanda exhibit Panagiota Nicoluides,
in or before the second century after Christ. His Praeside Curtio Sprengel, Halae, 1799, 4to. For
medical formulae are several times quoted by Galen particulars respecting the medical and surgical
(De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, ii. 1, vol. xii. practice of Antyllus, see Haller, Biblioth. Chirurg. ,
p. 557; De Compos. Medicam, sec. Gen. vi. 15, and Biblioth. Medic. Pract. ; Sprengel. Hist. de la
vol. xiii. p. 935), and he is perhaps the same per- | Méd.
(W. A. G. ]
son who is called φαρμακοπώλης, " the druggist. " ANU'BIS ("Avovbis), an Egyptian divinity,
(De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, ix. 4, vol. xiii
. worshipped in the form of a dog, or of a human
p. 281. ) Possibly they may both be identical being with a dog's head. In the worship of this
with Antonius Castor (CASTOR, ANTONIUS), but divinity several phases must be distinguished, as in
of this there is no proof whatever. A treatise on the case of Ammon. It was in all probability ori-
the Pulse (Opera, vol. xix. p. 629), which goes ginally a fetish, and the object of the worship of
under Galen's name, but which is probably a the dog, the representative of that useful species of
spurious compilation from his other works on this animals. Subsequently it was mixed up and com-
subject, is addressed to a person named Antonius, bined with other religious systems, and Anubis
who is there called Diomaoris kal Pinbo opos; and assumed a symbolical or astronomical character, at
Galen wrote his work De Propriorum Animi least in the minds of the learned. The worship of
cujusdam Affectuum Dumotione et Curatione (Opera, dogs in Egypt is sufficiently attested by Herodotus
vol. v. p. 1, &c. ) in answer to a somewhat similar (ii. 66), and there are traces of its having been
treatise by an Epicurean philosopher of this name, known in Greece at an early period; for a law
who, howerer, does not appear to have been a ascribed to the mythical Rhadamanthys of Crete
physician.
(W. A. G. ] commanded, that men should not swear by the
ANTONIUS A'TTICUS. (ATTICUS. ) gods, but by a goose, a dog, or a ram. (Eustath.
a
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ANUBIS.
219
ANYTE.
and Odyss. p. 1821 ; Mich. Apost. Centur. Proverb. (Strab. xvii. p. 805; Stat. Sylv. iii. 2. 112. ) For
xvii. No. 7. ) The fact that Socrates used to swear further particulars respecting the worship of Anu-
by a dog is so well known, that we scarcely need bis the reader is referred to the works on Egyptian
mention it. (Athen vii. p. 300; Porphyr. de Ab mythology, such as Jablonsky, Panth. Aegypt. v. 1.
stin, iii. p. 285. ) It is however a remarkable fact, $ 12, &c. ; Champollion (le Jeune), Panthéon Eyype
that, notwithstanding this, the name of Anubis is tien, Paris, 1823; Pritchard, Egyptian Mythology.
not expressly mentioned by any writer previous to We only add a few remarks respecting the notions
the age of Augustus; but after that time, it fre of the Greeks and Romans about Anubis, and his
quently occurs both in Greek and Roman authors. worship among them. The Greeks identified the
(Ov. Met
. ix.
