No More Learning

“What was it? what was it? " asked the boys.
“Nothing," answered Pavel, waving his hand to his horse; "I
suppose the dogs scented something. I thought it was a wolf,”
he added, calmly drawing deep breaths into his chest.
I could not help admiring Pavel. He was very fine at that
moment. His ugly face, animated by his swift ride, glowed with
hardihood and determination. Without even a switch in his hand,
he had, without the slightest hesitation, rushed out into the night
alone to face a wolf. “What a splendid fellow! ” I thought,
looking at him. ,
« Have you seen any wolves, then ? ” asked the trembling
Kostya.
“There are always a good many of them here,” answered
Pavel; “but they are only troublesome in the winter. ”
He crouched down again before the fire. As he sat down
on the ground, he laid his hand on the shaggy head of one of
the dogs. For a long while the flattered brute did not turn his
head, gazing sidewise with grateful pride at Pavlusha.
Vanya lay down under his rug again.
“What dreadful things you were telling us, Ilyusha! ” began
Fedya; whose part it was, as the son of a well-to-do peasant, to
lead the conversation. (He spoke little himself, apparently afraid
of lowering his dignity. ) "And then some evil spirit set the
dogs barking. Certainly I have heard that place was haunted. ”


## p. 15099 (#35) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15099
-
(
>>>
>
«Varnavitsi ? I should think it was haunted! More than
once, they say, they have seen the old master there — the late
master. He wears, they say, a long-skirted coat, and keeps
groaning like this, and looking for something on the ground.
Once grandfather Trofimitch met him. What,' says he, your
Honor, Ivan Ivan'itch, are you pleased to look for on the
ground? ) »
“He asked him ? ” put in Fedya in amazement.
“Yes, he asked him. ”
«Well, I call Trofimitch a brave fellow after that. Well,
what did he say? ”
« I am looking for the herb that cleaves all things,' says
he. But he speaks so thickly, so thickly. —'And what, your
Honor, Ivan Ivan'itch, do you want with the herb that cleaves all
things ? '— 'The tomb weighs on me; it weighs on me, Trofim-
itch: I want to get away-
away. '
“My word! " observed Fedya: “he didn't enjoy his life enough,
I suppose. ”
«What a marvel! ” said Kostya. "I thought one could only
see the departed on All Hallows' day. ”
“One can see the departed any time,” Ilyusha interposed with
conviction. From what I could observe, I judged he knew the
village superstitions better than the others. “But on All Hal-
lows' day you can see the living too; those, that is, whose turn it
is to die that year.
You need only sit in the church porch, and
keep looking at the road. They will come by you along the road;
those, that is, who will die that year. Last year old Ulyana went
to the porch. "
“Well, did she see any one ? ” asked Kostya inquisitively.
« To be sure she did. At first she sat a long, long while,
and saw no one, and heard nothing; only it seemed as if some
dog kept whining and whining like this, somewhere. Suddenly she
looks up: a boy comes along the road with only a shirt on.
looked at him. It was Ivashka Fedosyev. ”
“He who died in the spring ? ” put in Fedya.
"Yes, he. He came along and never lifted up his head.
But
Ulyana knew him. And then she looks again: a woman came
along. She stared and stared at her. Ah, God Almighty! it was
herself coming along the road; Ulyana herself. ”
« Could it be herself? ” asked Fedya,
“Yes, by God, herself. ”
>
»


## p. 15100 (#36) ###########################################

15100
IVAN TURGENEFF
>
(
"Well, but she is not dead yet, you know?
"But the year is not over yet. And only look at her: her life
hangs on a thread. ”
All were still again. Pavel threw a handful of dry twigs
on to the fire. They were soon charred by the suddenly leaping
flame; they cracked and smoked, and began to contract, curling
up their burning ends. Gleams of light in broken flashes glanced
in all directions, especially upwards. Suddenly a white dove
flew straight into the bright light, fluttered round and round in
terror, bathed in the red glow, and disappeared with a whir of
its wings.
“It's lost its home, I suppose,” remarked Pavel. “Now it will
fly till it gets somewhere where it can rest till dawn. ”
"Why, Pavlusha,” said Kostya, "might it not be a just soul
flying to heaven ? »
Pavel threw another handful of twigs on to the fire.
"Perhaps," he said at last.
"But tell us, please, Pavlusha,” began Fedya, "what was seen
in your parts at Shalamovy at the heavenly portent ?
« When the sun could not be seen? Yes, indeed. ”
"Were you frightened then? ”
Yes; and we weren't the only ones. Our master, though he
talked to us beforehand, and said there would be a heavenly por-
tent, yet when it got dark, they say he himself was frightened
out of his wits. And in the house-serfs' cottage, the old woman,
directly it grew dark, broke all the dishes in the oven with the
poker. Who will eat now? ' she said: (the last day has come. '
So the soup was all running about the place. And in the village
there were such tales about among us: that white wolves would
run over the earth, and would eat men; that a bird of prey would
pounce down on us; and that they would even see Trishka. ” +
«What is Trishka ? ” asked Kostya.
“Why, don't you know ? ” interrupted Ilyusha warmly. “Why,
brother, where have you been brought up, not to know Trishka ?
You're a stay-at-home, one-eyed lot in your village, really!
Trishka will be a marvelous man, who will come one day, and
he will be such a marvelous man that they will never be able to
catch him, and never be able to do anything with him; he will
* This is what the peasants call an eclipse.
+ The popular belief in Trishka is probably derived from some tradition of
Antichrist.


## p. 15101 (#37) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15101
be such a marvelous man. The people will try to take him; for
example, they will come after him with sticks, they will surround
him, but he will blind their eyes so that they fall upon one
another. They will put him in prison, for example: he will
ask for a little water to drink in a bowl; they will bring him
the bowl, and he will plunge into it and vanish from their sight.
They will put chains on him, but he will only clap his hands-
they will fall off him. So this Trishka will go through villages
and towns; and this Trishka will be a wily man, — he will lead
astray Christ's people, and they will be able to do nothing to
him. He will be such a marvelous wily man.
« Well, then," continued Pavel, in his deliberate voice, “that's
what he's like. And so they expected him in our parts. The
old men declared that directly the heavenly portent began,
Trishka would come. So the heavenly portent began. All
the people were scattered over the street, in the fields, waiting to
see what would happen. Our place, you know, is open country.
They look: and suddenly down the mountain-side from the big
village comes a man of some sort; such a strange man, with such
a wonderful head, that all scream, Oy, Trishka is coming! Oy,
Trishka is coming! ' and all run in all directions! Our elder
crawled into a ditch; his wife stumbled on the door-board and
screamed with all her might; she terrified her yard-dog, so that
he broke away from his chain and over the hedge and into
the forest; and Kuzka's father, Dorofyitch, ran into the oats, lay
down there, and began to cry like a quail. Perhaps,' says he,
(the Enemy, the Destroyer of Souls, will spare the birds at least. '
So they were all in such a scare! But he that was coming was
our cooper Vavila; he had bought himself a new pitcher, and had
put the empty pitcher over his head. ”
All the boys laughed; and again there was a silence for a
while, as often happens when people are talking in the open air.
I looked out into the solemn, majestic stillness of the night: the
dewy freshness of late evening had been succeeded by the dry
heat of midnight; the darkness still had long to lie in a soft
curtain over the slumbering fields; there was still a long while
left before the first whisperings, the first dewdrops of dawn.
There was no moon in the heavens: it rose late at that time.
Countless golden stars, twinkling in rivalry, seemed all running
softly towards the Milky Way; and truly, looking at them, you
were almost conscious of the whirling, never-resting motion of
(


## p. 15102 (#38) ###########################################

15102
IVAN TURGENEFF
»
the earth. A strange, harsh, painful cry sounded twice together
over the river, and a few moments later was repeated farther
down.
Kostya shuddered. What was that ? »
« That was a heron's cry,” replied Pavel tranquilly.
“A heron,” repeated Kostya. "And what was it, Pavlusha, I
heard yesterday evening ? ” he added after a short pause: you
perhaps will know. ”
“What did you hear ? ”
"I will tell you what I heard. I was going from Stony Ridge
to Shashkino; I went first through our walnut wood, and then
passed by a little pool, - you know where there's a sharp turn
down to the ravine,- there is a water-pit there, you know; it is
quite overgrown with reeds; so I went near this pit, brothers,
and suddenly from this came a sound of some one groaning, and
piteously, so piteously: (00-00, 00-00! ! I was in such a fright,
my brothers: it was late, and the voice was so miserable. I felt
as if I should cry myself. What could that have been, eh ? ”
“It was in that pit the thieves drowned Akim the forester
last summer, observed Pavel; (so perhaps it was his soul la-
menting. ”
"Oh dear, really, brothers," replied Kostya, opening wide his
eyes, which were round enough before, "I did not know they
had drowned Akim in that pit. Shouldn't I have been fright-
ened if I'd known ! »
“But they say there are little tiny frogs," continued Pavel,
"who cry piteously like that. ”
“Frogs ? Oh, no, it was not frogs; certainly not. ” (A heron
again uttered a cry above the river. ) "Ugh, there it is. ” Kostya
!
cried involuntarily: "it is just like a wood-spirit shrieking. ”
« The wood-spirit does not shriek: it is dumb," put in Ilyusha;
“it only claps its hands and rattles. ”
"And have you seen it, then,- the wood-spirit ? ” Fedya
asked him ironically.
“No, I have not seen it, and God preserve me from seeing it;
but others have seen it. Why, one day it misled a peasant in
our parts, and led him through the woods, and all in a circle
in one field. He scarcely got home till daylight. ”
“Well, and did he see it ? »
« Yes. He says it was a big, big creature, dark, wrapped up,
just like a tree: you could not make it out well; it seemed to
>
»
(
»
»


## p. 15103 (#39) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15103
»
The eyes
»
(
>
hide away from the moon, and kept staring and staring with its
great eyes, and winking and winking with them. ”
"Ugh! ” exclaimed Fedya, with a slight shiver and a shrug of
the shoulders: pfoo! ”
And how does such an unclean brood come to exist in the
world? » said Pavel: “it's a wonder. ”
"Don't speak ill of it: take care, it will hear you,” said
Ilyusha.
Again there was a silence.
“Look, look, brothers,” suddenly came Vanya's childish voice;
“look at God's little stars,— they are swarming like bees! ”
He put his fresh little face out from under his rug, leaned on
his little fist, and slowly lifted up his large soft eyes
of all the boys were raised to the sky, and they were not lowered
quickly.
“Well, Vanya,” began Fedya caressingly, “is your sister An-
yutka well ?
“Yes, she is very well,” replied Vanya with a slight lisp.
“You ask her, why doesn't she come to see us ? »
“I don't know. ”
« You tell her to come. ”
“Very well. "
Tell her I have a present for her. ”
"And a present for me too ? ”
“Yes, you too. "
Vanya sighed.
“No; I don't want one. Better give it to her: she is so kind
to us at home. »
And Vanya laid his head down again on the ground. Pavel
got up and took the empty pot in his hand.
"Where are you going ? ” Fedya asked him.
To the river, to get water: I want some water to drink. ”
The dogs got up and followed him.
« Take care you don't fall into the river! ” Ilyusha cried after
him.
“Why should he fall in ? ” said Fedya. “He will be careful. ”
“Yes, he will be careful. But all kinds of things happen:
he will stoop over, perhaps, to draw the water, and the water-
spirit will clutch him by the hand, and drag him to him. Then
they will say, "The boy fell into the water. Fell in, indeed! -
'
—
There, he has crept in among the reeds,” he added, listening.
(


## p. 15104 (#40) ###########################################

15104
IVAN TURGENEFF
»
(
The reeds certainly shished,” as they call it among us, as
«
they were parted.
“But is it true,” asked Kostya, “that crazy Akulina has been
mad ever since she fell into the water ? »
“Yes, ever since.
How dreadful she is now! But they say
she was a beauty before then. The water-spirit bewitched her.
I suppose he did not expect they would get her out so soon.
So down there at the bottom he bewitched her. ”
(I had met this Akulina more than once.
Covered with rags,
fearfully thin, with face as black as a coal, blear-eyed and for
ever grinning, she would stay whole hours in one place in the
road, stamping with her feet, pressing her feshless hands to
her breast, and slowly shifting from one leg to the other, like a
wild beast in a cage.
She understood nothing that was said to
her, and only chuckled spasmodically from time to time. )
“But they say,” continued Kostya, «that Akulina threw her-
self into the river because her lover had deceived her. ”
“Yes, that was it. ”
"And do you remember Vasya ? ” added Kostya mournfully.
“What Vasya ? ” asked Fedya.
«Why, the one who was drowned,” replied Kostya, «in this
very river. Ah, what a boy he was! What a boy he was!
, His
mother, Feklista, how she loved him, her Vasya! And she seemed
to have •a foreboding, Feklista did, that harm would come to him
from the water. Sometimes when Vasya went with us boys in
the summer to bathe in the river, she used to be trembling all
The other women did not mind; they passed by with
the pails and went on: but Feklista put her pail down on the
ground, and set to calling him, Come back, come back, my lit-
tle joy; come back, my darling! And no one knows how he
was drowned. He was playing on the bank, and his mother was
there haymaking; suddenly she hears, as though some one was
blowing bubbles through the water, and behold! there was only
Vasya's little cap to be seen swimming on the water. You know
since then Feklista has not been right in her mind: she goes and
lies down at the place where he was drowned; she lies down,
brothers, and sings a song; — you remember Vasya was always
singing a song like that, so she sings it too, and weeps and
weeps, and bitterly rails against God. ”
“Here is Pavlusha coming,” said Fedya.
Pavel came up to the fire with a full pot in his hand.
C
over.


## p. 15105 (#41) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15105
(
(
»
«Boys,” he began after a short silence, something bad hap-
pened. ”
«Oh, what ? ” asked Kostya hurriedly.
"I heard Vasya's voice. ”
They all seemed to shudder.
“What do you mean? What do you mean? ” stammered
Kostya.
“I don't know. Only I went to stoop down to the water;
suddenly I hear my name called in Vasya's voice, as though it
came from below water: Pavlusha, Pavlusha, come here. I
came away.
But I fetched the water, though. "
"Ah, God have mercy upon us! ” said the boys, crossing them-
selves.
“It was the water-spirit calling you, Pavel,” said Fedya: “we
were just talking of Vasya. ”
"Ah, it's a bad omen,” said Ilyusha deliberately.
“Well, never mind, don't bother about it,” Pavel declared
stoutly, and he sat down again: “no one can escape his fate. ”
The boys were still. It was clear that Pavel's words had pro-
duced a strong impression on them. They began to lie down
before the fire, as though preparing to go to sleep.
“What is that? ” asked Kostya, suddenly lifting his head.
Pavel listened.
It's the curlews flying and whistling. ”
«Where are they flying to ? ”
« To a land where, they say, there is no winter. ”
« But is there such a land ? »
« Yes. ”
"Is it far away? "
Far, far away, beyond the warm seas. ”
Kostya sighed and shut his eyes.
More than three hours had passed since I first came across
the boys. The moon at last had risen; I did not notice it at
first, it was such a tiny crescent. This moonless night was as
solemn and hushed as it had been at first. But already many
stars that not long before had been high up in the heavens,
were setting over the earth's dark rim: everything around was
perfectly still, as it is only still towards morning; all was sleeping
the deep unbroken sleep that comes before daybreak. Already
the fragrance in the air was fainter; once more a dew seemed
falling.
XXV1-945
(


## p. 15106 (#42) ###########################################

15106
IVAN TURGENEFF
How short are nights in summer! The boys' talk died down
when the fires did. The dogs even were dozing; the horses, so
far as I could make out, in the hardly perceptible, faintly shining
light of the stars, were asleep with downcast heads. I fell into
a state of weary unconsciousness, which passed into sleep.
THẺ SINGERS
WE
From A Sportsman's Sketches)
HEN I went into the Welcome Resort, a fairly large party
were already assembled there.
In his usual place behind the bar, almost filling up
the entire opening in the partition, stood Nikolai Ivan'itch in a
striped print shirt; with a lazy smile on his full face, he poured
out with his plump white hand two glasses of spirits for the
Blinkard and the Gabbler as they came in: behind him, in a
corner near the window, could be seen his sharp-eyed wife. In
the middle of the room was standing Yashka the Turk, -a
thin, graceful fellow of three-and-twenty, dressed in a long-skirted
coat of blue nankin. He looked a smart factory hand; and could
not, to judge by his appearance, boast of very good health. His
hollow cheeks, his large restless gray eyes, his straight nose with
its delicate mobile nostrils, his pale-brown curls brushed back
over the sloping white brow, his full but beautiful, expressive
lips, and his whole face, betrayed a passionate and sensitive
nature. He was in a state of great excitement: he blinked, iris
breathing was hurried, his hands shook as though in fever, and
he was really in a fever — that sudden fever of excitement which
is so well known to all who have to speak and sing before an
audience. Near him stood a man of about forty, with broad
shoulders and broad jaws, with a low forehead, narrow Tartar
eyes, a short flat nose, a square chin, and shining black hair
coarse as bristles. The expression of his face - a swarthy face,
with a sort of leaden hue in it — and especially of his pale lips,
might almost have been called savage, if it had not been so still
and dreamy. He hardly stirred a muscle; he only looked slowly
about him like a bull under the yoke. He was dressed in a sort
of surtout, not over new, with smooth brass buttons; an old black-
silk handkerchief was twisted round his immense neck.
called the Wild Master.
He was


## p. 15107 (#43) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15107
-
Right opposite him, on a bench under the holy pictures, was
sitting Yashka's rival, the booth-keeper from Zhizdry; he was
a short, stoutly built man about thirty, pock-marked and curly-
headed, with a blunt, turn-up nose, lively brown eyes, and a
scanty beard. He looked keenly about him; and sitting with
his hands under him, he kept carelessly swinging his legs and
tapping with his feet, which were encased in . stylish top-boots
with a colored edging. He wore a new thin coat of gray cloth,
- with a plush collar in sharp contrast with the crimson shirt
below,- buttoned close across the chest. In the opposite corner,
to the right of the door, a peasant sat at the table in a narrow,
shabby smock-frock, with a huge rent on the shoulder. The
sunlight fell in a narrow, yellowish streak through the dusty
panes of the two small windows, but it seemed as if it strug-
gled in vain with the habitual darkness of the room: all . the
objects in it were dimly - as it were patchily — lighted up. On
the other hand, it was almost cool in the room; and the sense of
stifling heat dropped off me like a weary load directly I crossed
the threshold.
My entrance, I could see, was at first somewhat disconcerting
to Nikolai Ivan'itch's customers; but observing that he greeted
me as a friend, they were reassured, and took no more notice of
me. I asked for some beer, and sat down in the corner, near the
peasant in the ragged smock.
“Well, well,” piped the Gabbler, suddenly draining a glass of
spirits at one gulp, and accompanying his exclamation with the
strange gesticulations without' which he seemed unable to utter
a single word: “what are we waiting for?
If we're going
to begin, then begin. Hey, Yashka ? »
"Begin, begin," chimed in Nikolai Ivan'itch approvingly.
"Let's begin, by all means," observed the booth-keeper coolly,
with a self-confident smile: “I'm ready. ”
"And I'm ready,” Yakov pronounced in a voice thrilled with
excitement.
« Well, begin, lads,” whined the Blinkard. But in spite of the
unanimously expressed desire, neither began; the booth-keeper did
not even get up from the bench: they all seemed to be waiting
for something
Begin! ” said the Wild Master sharply and sullenly. Yashka
started. The booth-keeper pulled down his girdle and cleared his
throat.
(


## p. 15108 (#44) ###########################################

15108
IVAN TURGENEFF
»
»
But who's to begin ? ” he inquired in a slightly changed
voice, of the Wild Master, who still stood motionless in the mid-
dle of the room, his stalwart legs wide apart, and his powerful
arms thrust up to the elbow into his breeches pockets.
"You, you, booth-keeper,” stammered the Gabbler; "you, to
be sure, brother. ”
The Wild Master looked at him from under his brows. The
Gabbler gave a faint squeak, in confusion looked away at the
ceiling, twitched his shoulder, and said no more.
Cast lots,” the Wild Master pronounced emphatically; "and
the pot on the table. ”
Nikolai Ivan'itch bent down, and with a gasp picked up the
pot of beer from the floor, and set it on the table.
The Wild Master glanced at Yakov, and said, “Come. ”
Yakov fumbled in his pockets, took out a halfpenny, and
marked it with his teeth. The booth-keeper pulled from under
the skirts of his long coat a new leather purse, deliberately untied
the string, and shaking out a quantity of small change into his
hand, picked out a new halfpenny. The Gabbler held out his
dirty cap, with its broken peak hanging loose; Yakov dropped
his halfpenny in, and the booth-keeper his.
«You must pick out one,” said the Wild Master, turning to
the Blinkard.
The Blinkard smiled complacently, took the cap in both hands,
and began shaking it.
For an instant a profound silence reigned; the halfpennies
clinked faintly, jingling against each other. I looked around
attentively: every face wore an expression of intense expecta-
tion; the Wild Master himself showed signs of uneasiness; my
neighbor even, the peasant in the tattered smock, craned his neck
inquisitively. The Blinkard put his hand into the cap and took
out the booth-keeper's halfpenny; every one drew a long breath.
Yakovflushed, and the booth-keeper passed his hand over his
hair.
« There, I said you'd begin,” cried the Gabbler; "didn't I say
(
>
(
So ? »
“There, there, don't cluck,” remarked the Wild Master con-
temptuously. "Begin,” he went on, with a nod to the booth-
keeper.
“What song am I to sing ? ” asked the booth-keeper, begin-
ning to be nervous.


## p. 15109 (#45) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15109
»
“What you choose," answered the Blinkard; "sing what you
think best. ”
“What you choose, to be sure,” Nikolai Ivan'itch chimed in,
slowly smoothing his hand on his breast; "you're quite at liberty
about that. Sing what you like; only sing well: and we'll give a
fair decision afterwards. ”
"A fair decision, of course," put in the Gabbler, licking the
edge of his empty glass.
“Let me clear my throat a bit, mates," said the booth-keeper,
fingering the collar of his coat.
“Come, come, no nonsense — begin! ” protested the Wild Mas-
ter, and he looked down.
The booth-keeper thought a minute, shook his head, and
stepped forward. Yakov's eyes were riveted upon him.
But before I enter upon a description of the contest itself, I
think it will not be amiss to say a few words about each of the
personages taking part in my story. The lives of some of them
were known to me already when I met them in the Welcome
Resort; I collected some facts about the others later on.
Let us begin with the Gabbler. This man's real name was
Evgraf Ivanovitch; but no one in the whole neighborhood knew
him as anything but the Gabbler, and he himself referred to
himself by that nickname, so well did it fit him. Indeed, noth-
ing could have been more appropriate to his insignificant, ever-
restless features. He was a dissipated, unmarried house-serf,
whose own masters had long ago got rid of him; and who, with-
out any employment, without earning a halfpenny, found means
to get drunk every day at other people's expense. He had a
great number of acquaintances who treated him to drinks of
spirits and tea, though they could not have said why they did so
themselves; for far from being entertaining in company, he bored
every one with his meaningless chatter, his insufferable familiar-
ity, his spasmodic gestures, and incessant, unnatural laugh. He
could neither sing nor dance; he had never said a clever or even
a sensible thing in his life; he chattered away, telling lies about
everything — a regular Gabbler! And yet not a single drinking-
party for thirty miles around took place without his lank figure
turning up among the guests; so that they were used to him by
now, and put up with his presence as a necessary evil. They all,
it is true, treated him with contempt; but the Wild Master was
the only one who knew how to keep his foolish sallies in check.
>


## p. 15110 (#46) ###########################################

15110
IVAN TURGENEFF
-
The Blinkafd was not in the least like the Gabbler. His nick-
name, too, suited him, though he was no more given to blinking
than other people: it is a well-known fact that the Russian peas-
ants have a talent for finding good nicknames. In spite of my
endeavors to get more detailed information about this man's past,
many passages in his life have remained spots of darkness to
me, and probably to many other people: episodes buried, as the
bookmen say, in the darkness of oblivion. I could only find out
that he was once a coachman in the service of an old childless
lady; that he had run away with three horses he was in charge
of; had been lost for a whole year: and, no doubt convinced by
experience of the drawbacks and hardships of a wandering life,
he had gone back, a cripple, and Aung himself at his mistress's
feet. He succeeded in a few years in smoothing over his offense
by his exemplary conduct; and gradually getting higher in her
favor, at last gained her complete confidence, was made a bailiff,
and on his mistress's death turned out — in what way was never
known - to have received his freedom. He got admitted into
the class of tradesmen; rented patches of market garden from
the neighbors; grew rich, and now was living in ease and com-
fort. He was a man of experience, who knew on which side his
bread was buttered; was more actuated by prudence than by
either good or ill nature; had knocked about, understood men,
and knew how to turn them to his own advantage.
He was
cautious, and at the same time enterprising, like a fox; though
he was as fond of gossip as an old woman, he never let out his
own affairs, while he made every one else talk freely of theirs.
He did not affect to be a simpleton, though, as so many crafty
men of his sort do: indeed, it would have been difficult for him
to take any one in, in that way; I have never seen a sharper,
keener pair of eyes than his tiny cunning little "peepers,” as
they call them in Orel. They were never simply looking about;
they were always looking one up and down and through and
through. The Blinkard would sometimes ponder for weeks to-
gether over some apparently simple undertaking; and again he
would suddenly decide on a desperately bold line of action, which
one would fancy would bring him to ruin. But it would be
sure to turn out all right: everything would go smoothly. He
was lucky, and believed in his own luck, and believed in omens.
He was exceedingly superstitious in general. He was not liked,
because he would have nothing much to do with any one; but
1


## p. 15111 (#47) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15111
(
a
he was respected. His whole family consisted of one little son,
whom he idolized, and who, brought up by such a father, is
,
likely to get on in the world. « Little Blinkard 'll be his father
over again,” is said of him already, in undertones, by the old
men, as they sit on their mud walls gossiping on summer even-
ings; and every one knows what that means,—there is no need
to say more.
As to Yashka the Turk, and the booth-keeper, there is no
need to say much about them. Yakov — called the Turk because
he actually was descended from a Turkish woman, a prisoner
from the war — was by nature an artist in every sense of the
word; and by calling, a ladler in a paper factory belonging to a
merchant. As for the booth-keeper, his career, I must own, I
know nothing of; he struck me as being a smart townsman of
the tradesman class, ready to turn his hand to anything. But the
Wild Master calls for a more detailed account.
The first impression the sight of this man produced on you
was a sense of coarse, heavy, irresistible power. He was clum.
sily built, "shambler,” as they say about us: but there was
an air of triumphant vigor about him; and strange to say, his
bear-like figure was not without a certain grace of its own, pro-
ceeding perhaps from his absolutely placid confidence in his own
strength. It was hard to decide at first to what class this Her-
cules belonged: he did not look like a house-serf, nor a trades-
man, nor an impoverished clerk out of work, nor a small ruined
land-owner such as takes to being a huntsman or a fighting man:
he was, in fact, quite individual. No one knew where he came
from, or what brought him into our district: it was said that he
came of free peasant-proprietor stock, and had once been in the
government service somewhere, but nothing positive was known
about this; and indeed there was no one from whom one could
learn,- certainly not from him: he was the most silent and mo-
rose of men. So much so that no one knew for certain what he
lived on: he followed no trade, visited no one, associated with
scarcely any one; yet he had money to spend; little enough, it is
true, still he had some. In his behavior he was not exactly
retiring - retiring was not a word that could be applied to him:
he lived as though he noticed no one about him, and cared for
no one.
The Wild Master (that was the nickname they had given
him; his real name was Perevlyesov) enjoyed an immense influ-
ence in the whole district: he was obeyed with eager promptitude,
-


## p. 15112 (#48) ###########################################

15112
IVAN TURGENEFF
though he had no kind of right to give orders to any one, and
did not himself evince the slightest pretension to authority over
the people with whom he came into casual contact.
He spoke —
they obeyed: strength always has an influence of its own. He
scarcely drank at all, had nothing to do with women, and was
passionately fond of singing. There was much that was myste-
rious about this man: it seemed as though vast forces sullenly
reposed within him, knowing as it were, that once roused, once
bursting free, they were bound to crush him and everything they
came in contact with. And I am greatly mistaken if in this
man's life there had not been some such outbreak; if it was not
owing to the lessons of experience, to a narrow escape from ruin,
that he now kept himself so tightly in hand. What especially
struck me in him was the combination of a sort of inborn natural
ferocity with an equally inborn generosity,-a combination I
have never met in any other man.
And so the booth-keeper stepped forward; and half shutting
his eyes, began singing in high falsetto. He had a fairly sweet
and pleasant voice, though rather hoarse; he played with his
voice like a woodlark,etwisting and turning it in incessant rou-
lades and trills up and down the scale, - continually returning
to the highest notes, which he held and prolonged with special
Then he would break off, and again suddenly take up
the first motive with a sort of go-ahead daring. His modulations
were at times rather bold, at times rather comical: they would
have given a connoisseur great satisfaction, and have made a
German furiously indignant. He was a Russian tenore di grazia,
ténor léger. He sang a song to a lively dance-tune; the words
of which — all that I could catch through the endless maze of
variations, ejaculations, and repetitions — were as follows:-
care.
"A tiny patch of land, young lass,
I'll plow for thee,
And tiny crimson flowers, young lass,
I'll sow for thee. ”
He sang: all listened to him with great attention. He seemed
to feel that he had to do with really musical people, and there-
fore was exerting himself to do his best. And they really are
musical in our part of the country: the village of Sergievskoe on
the Orel high-road is deservedly noted throughout Russia for its
harmonious chorus singing. The booth-keeper sang for a long


## p. 15113 (#49) ###########################################

IVAN TURGENEFF
15113
»
while without evoking much enthusiasm in his audience,- he
lacked the support of a chorus; but at last, after one particularly
bold flourish, which set even the Wild Master smiling, the Gab-
bler could not refrain from a shout of delight. Every one was
roused. The Gabbler and the Blinkard began joining in in an
undertone, and exclaiming, “Bravely done! Take it, you rogue!
Sing it out, you serpent! Hold it! That shake again, you dog
you! May Herod confound your soul! ” and so on.