)
Thucydides
makes no mention of the larity, which were still increased when in the fol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
iv.
14, Il.
ii.
175).
As 380—417; Bergk, Comment.
de Reliq.
Com.
Att.
she was a grand-daughter of Leda, the mother of Ant. c. 3. )
IIelena, Virgil (Acn. iii. 328) calls her Ledaea. 2. Of Smyrna, a distinguished philosopher, sur-
During the war against Troy, Menelaus promised named by the ancient writers the Callimacheian
her in marriage to Neoptolemus (Pyrrbus); and (ó Katajuá xelos). From this title it may be in-
after his returu he fulfilled his promise. (Od. iv. ferred that he was a disciple of Callimachus about
4, &c. ) This Homeric tradition differs from those the middle of the third century B. C. , while the
of later writers. According to Euripides (Androm. fact of his having written the life of Chrysippus
891, &c. ; comp. Pind. Nem. vii. 43; Hygin. Fab. proves that he lived to about the end of the cen-
1:23), Menelaus, previous to his expedition against tury. His writings seem to have been of very great
Troy, had promised Hermione to Orestes. After importance and value. (Joseph. c. A pion. i. 22;
the return of Neoptolemus, Orestes informed him Hieronym. de Vir. Illustr. Praef. ) They are re-
of this, and claimed Hermione for himself; but peatedly referred to by the ancient writers, under
Neoptolemus baughtily refused to give her up. many titles, of which, however, most, if not all,
Orestes, in revenge, incited the Delphians against seem to have been chapters of his great biogra-
bim, and Neoptolemus was slain. In the mean-phical work, which is often quoted under the title
## p. 417 (#433) ############################################
HERMOCRATES.
HERMOCRATES.
417
of Blon. It can scarcely be doubled that the follow- citizens of that state at the tinie of the Athenian
ing were portions of that work : Nepl Twv év har invasion. We have no account of his early life or
deią dawkártwy (Westermann believes this to have rise, but his family must have been illustrious, for,
been the title of the whole work),—Hepi tûvérta according to Timacus (ap. Longin. iv. 3 ; comp.
Σοφών,-Περί των Νομοθετών,-Βίοι των Φιλοσό- also Plut. Nic. 1), it claimed descent from the god
owv, of which a great portion was occupied with the Hermes, and it is evident that he was a person of
life of Pythagoras, and which also contained lives of consideration and influence in the state as early as
Empedocles, Heracleitus, Democritus, Zeno, So B. C. 424, as he was one of the deputies sent by the
crates, Plato, Aristotle, Antisthenes, Diogenes, Syracusans to the general congress of the Greek
Stilpo, Epicurus, Theophrastus, Heracleides, De cities of Sicily, held at Gela in the summer of that
metrius Phalereus, Chrysippus, and others, --Bíol year. Thucydides, who puts a long speech into
TV 'Pntopwr, under which, again, may be in- his mouth on that occasion, ascribes mainly to his
cluded the titles Iepl ropylov, nel 'lookpátous, influence the resolution adopted by the assembled
Περί των Ισοκράτους Μαθητών. The work seems | deputies to terminate the troubles of Sicily by a
almo to have contained lives of historians (Marcell. general pence. (Thuc. iv. 58, 65 ; Timacus, ap.
Vit. Thuc. 18), and of poets, for we have the title Polyb. xii. Frag. Vut. 22. ) In 415, when the
Tepl 'ITTÚVAKTOS. It is not improbable that the news of the impending invasion from Athens came
treatise Περί των διαπρεψάντων εν Παιδεία Δούλων | to be generally rife, though still discredited by
also belonged to the same great work, but the sub many, Hermocrates again came forward to urge the
ject creates a suspicion that it may belong to Her- truth of the rumour, and the necessity of inime-
mippus of Berytus. There is more uncertainty diate preparations for defence. (Thuc. vi. 32–
about the work Nepi Máywv, and about several 35. ) It does not appear that he at this time held
miscellaneous quotations on points of geography, any public situation or command ; but in the fol-
music, and astronomy. If the Hermippus whom lowing winter, after the first defeat of the Syra-
Athenaeus quotes under the surname of ó dotporo-cusans by the Athenians, he represented this dis-
girós (xi. p. 478, a. ) be a different person, the aster as owing to the too great number as well as
work Tepl Máyw and the astronomical quotations insufficient authority of their generals, and thus
would naturally be referred to him. Lastly, Sto- induced them to appoint himself, together with
baeus (Serm. 5) quotes from the work of a certain Heracleides and Sicanus, to be conimanders-in-
Hermippus, Evvayan TV kanas dvadwindertwr chief, with full powers. (Thuc. vi. 72, 73 ; Plut.
et Ouñpov. Perhaps this work should be assigned Nic. 16 ; Diod. xiii. 4; who, however, places their
to Hermippus of Berytus. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. appointment too early. ) He was soon after sent to
pp. 138-140, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bill. Camarina, to counteract the influence of the Athe-
Graec. vol. ii. p. 495 ; Lozynski, Hermippi Smyr. nian envoys, and gain the Car rinaeans to the
naei Peripatetici Fragmenta, Bonn, 1832, 8vo. ; alliance of Syracuse, but he only succeeded in in-
Preller, in Jahn's Jahrbücher für Philologie, vol. ducing them to remain neutral. (Thuc. vi. 75,
xvii. p. 159; Clinton, Fast. Hellen. vol. ii. p. 88. ) According to 'Thucydides, Hermocrates had
518. )
already given proofs of valour and ability in war,
3. Of Berytus, a grammarian, who flourished before his elevation to the command ; but his first
under Trajan and Hadrian. By birth he was a proceedings as a general were unsuccessful : his
slave, but having become the disciple of Philo great object was to prevent the Athenians from
Biblius, he was recommended by him to Herennius making themselves masters of the heights of Epi-
Severus, and attained to great eminence by his elo polae, above the town, but they landed suddenly
quence and learning. He wrote many works, from Catana, carried the Epipolae by surprise, and
ainong which were an account of dreams in five commenced their lines of circumvallation. The
books (Tertull. De Anim. 46), and a book Nepi Syracusans next, by the advice of Hermocrates,
'Eldováðos (Clem. Alex. Stroni. vi. p. 291). He is began to construct a cross wall, interrupt the
also quoted again by Clemens (Strom. i. p. 132), Athenian lines; but they were foiled in this
and by Stephanus Byzantinus, s. v. 'Páterva. project too: the Athenians attacked their counter-
(Suid. s. v. "Epuntos, Nirayópas; Vossius, De work, and destroyed it, while they themselves
Mist. Graec. pp. 262, 263, ed. Westermann. ) were repulsed in all their attacks upon the
4. There is a dialogue on astrology, in two Athenian lines. Dispirited by their ill success,
books, under the name of "EpUITTOS, which is not they laid the blame upon their generals, whom they
the name of the author but of the principal speaker. deposed, and appointed three others in their stead.
It was printed by Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. (Thuc. vi. 96—103. ) The arrival of Gylippus soon
p. 261, old edition ; comp. vol. iv. p. 159, ed. Har- after superseded the new generals, and gave a fresh
less), and has been re-edited by 0. D. Bloch. turn to affairs ; but Hermocrates, though now in a
(Hermippus, incerti auctoris Christiani Dialogus s. private situation, was not less active in the service
de Astrologia Libri II. Gr. ex apog. cod. Vatic. of his country : we hear of his heading a chosen
Hasnjae, 1830, 8vo. )
(P. S. ) band of warriors in resisting the great night attack
HERMOʻCHARES. [ACONTIUS; CTESYLLA. ) on the Epipolae, immediately after the arrival of
HE'RMOCLES ('Epuoranis), of Rhodes, a sta- Demosthenes (Diod. xiii. 11): he is also mentioned
tuary, who made the bronze statue of Combabus in as joining with Gylippus in urging the Syracusans
the temple of Hera at Hierapolis in Syria He to try their fortune aguin by sea, as well as by
lived, therefore, in the reign of Antiochus II. land : and when, after the final defeat and de-
(Soter), about B. C. 280, and belonged, no doubt, struction of their feets, the Athenian generals were
like Chares, to the Rhodian school of artists, who preparing to retrcat by land, it was Hermocrates
were the followers of Lysippus. (Lucian, de Dea who anticipated their purpose, and finding it im-
Syria, 26. )
[P. S. ) possible to induce his countrymen to march forth
HERMO'CRATES ('Epuokpáns). 1. Son of at once and occupy the passes, nevertheless suc-
Hermon, a Syracusan, and one of the most eminent ceeded, by an ingenious stratagem, in causing the
VOL. II.
ER
## p. 418 (#434) ############################################
418
HERMOCRATES.
HERMOCREON.
Athenians themselves to defer their departure for allies, laid waste the territories of Motya and Pa-
two days, a delay which proved fntal to the whole normus, and defeated the Panormitans in a battle.
army. (Thuc. vii. 21, 73; Diod. xiii. 18 ; Plut. By these means he acquired great fame and popu-
Nic. 26.
) Thucydides makes no mention of the larity, which were still increased when in the fol.
part taken by Hermocrates in regard to the Athe-lowing year (B. C. 407) he repaired to Himera, and
nian prisoners, but both Diodorus and Plutarch finding that the bones of the Syracusans who had
represent him as exerting all his influence with his been slain in battle against the Carthaginians two
countrymen, though unsuccessfully, to save the years before still lay there unburied, caused them
lives of Nicias and Demosthenes. According to a to be gathered up, and removed with all due fune-
statement of Timaeus, preserved by the latter au- ral honours to Syracuse. But, though the revulsion
thor, when he found all his efforts fruitless, he of feeling thus excited led to the banishment of
gave a private intimation to the two generals that Diocles, and other leaders of the opposite party
they might anticipate the ignominy of a public ex- yet the sentence of exile against Hermocrates stil.
ecution by a voluntary death. (Diod. xiii. 19; remained unreversed. Not long afterwards he app
Plut. Nic. 28. )
proached Syracuse with a considerable force, and
After the destruction of the Athenian armament was admitted by some of his friends into the city;
in Sicily, Hermocrates employed all his influence but was followed in the first instance only by a
with his countrymen to induce them to support select band, which the Syracusans no sooner dis
with vigour their allies the Lacedaemonians in the covered than they took up arms, and attacked and
war in Greece itself. But he only succeeded in slew him, together with the greater part of his fol-
prevailing upon them to send a squadron of twenty lowers, before his troops could come to their assist-
triremes (to which the Selinuntians added two ance. (Diod. xiii. 63, 75. ) The character of
more); and with this small force he himself, with Hermocrates is one of the brightest and purest in
two colleagues in the command, joined the Lace the history of Syracuse ; and the ancient republics
daemonian fleet under Astyochus, before the close present few more striking instances of moderation
of the summer of 412. (Thuc. viii. 26 ; Diodorus, and wisdom, combined with the most steady pa-
however, raises the number of the ships to thirty-triotism ; while his abilities, both as a statesman
five, xiii. 34. ) But, trifling as this succour ap- and a warrior, were such as to earn for him the
pears, the Syracusan squadron bore an important praise of being ranked in after ages as on a level in
part in many of the subsequent operations, and these respects with Timoleon and Pyrrhus. (Polyb.
particularly in the action off Cynossema, in which Frag. Vat. xii. 22. ) We do not learn that Her-
it formed the right wing of the Lacedaemonian mocrates left a son ; his daughter was married,
fleet ; and though unable to prevent the defeat of after his death, to the tyrant Dionysius. (Diod.
its allies, escaped with the loss of only one ship. xii. 96 ; Plut. Dion. 3. )
(Thuc. viii. 104-106; Diod. xii. 39. ) It is pro- 2. Father of Dionysius the elder, tyrant of Sye
bably of this action that Polybius was thinking, racuse.
when he states (Frag. Vat. xii. 23) that Hermo- 3. A Rhodian, who, according to Plutarch, was
crates was present at the battle of Acgos Potamoi, sent by Artaxerxes Mnemon to Greece, during the
which is clearly erroneous. During these services expedition of Agesilaus in Asia, to gain over the
Hermocrates, we are told, conciliated in the highest other states of Greece by large bribes, and thus
degree the favour both of the allies and of his own compel the Spartans to recal Agesilaus. (Plut.
troops ; and acquired such popularity with the Artax. 20. ) There can be little doubt that the
latter, that when (in 409 B. C. ) news arrived that same person is meant who is called by Xenophon
he as well as his colleagues had been sentenced to (Hell. iii. 5. § 1) Timocrates, and who was sent, it
banislıment by a decree of the Syracusan people, appears, not by the king himself, but by the satrap
and new commanders appointed to replace them, Tithraustes.
[E. H. B. )
the officers and crews of the squadron not only HERMOCRATES ('Epuokpáros). 1. A dis-
insisted on their retaining the command until the ciple of Socrates, mentioned by Xenophon (Mem.
actual arrival of their successors, but many of them i. 2. § 48) as one of those whose character and
offered their services to Hermocrates to effect his conduct refuted the charge brought against Socrates
restoration to his country. He however urged the of corrupting those who associated with him.
duty of obedience to the laws ; and, after handing 2. A rhetorician, a native of Phocaea. He was
over the squadron to the new generals, repaired to the grandson of the sophist Attalus, and studied
Lacedaemon to counteract the intrigues of Tissa- under Claudius Rufinus of Smyma. He died at
phernes, to whom he had given personal offence. the age of twenty-five, or twenty-eight, according
From thence he returned to Asia, to the court of to other accounts. Philostratus (Pit. Sophist. ii.
Pharnabazus, who furnished him with money to 25) pronounces him one of the most distinguished
build ships and raise mercenary troops, for the pur- rhetoricians of his age. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
pose of effecting his return to Syracuse. (Xen. vi. p. 131. )
Hell. i. 1. & 27—31 ; Thuc. viii. 85; Diod. xiii. 63. ) 3. A grammarian, a native of Iasus. Nothing more
With a force of five triremes and 1000 soldiers, is known of him than that he was the instructor
he sailed to Messana, and from thence in conjunc-of Callimachus. [CALLIMACH US. ] [C. P. M. ]
tion with the refugees from Himera, and, with the HERMOCRATES ('Epuorpátas), a physician
co-operation of his own party in Syracuse, attempted mentioned by Martial in one of his epigrams (vi.
to bring about a revolution in that city. But fail. 53), the point of which seems to be borrowed
ing in that scheme, he hastened to Selinus, at this from one by Lucilius in the Greek Anthology (xi.
time still in ruins, after its destruction by the Car- 257, vol. ii
. p. 59, ed. Tauchn. ) If the name is
thaginians, rebuilt a part of the city, and collected not a fictitious one, Hermocrates may have lived in
thither its refugees from all parts of Sicily. He the first century after Christ. [W. A. G. )
thus converted it into a stronghold, from whence HERMO'CREON ('Epuorpéwv), an architect
he carried on hostilities against the Carthaginian and sculptor, was the builder of a gigantic and
## p. 419 (#435) ############################################
HERMODORUS.
419
AERMOGENES.
a
beautiful a! tor at Parium on the Propontis. (Strab. I at Rome, whom the great Antonius defended in the
xii. p. 487, A. ; xiii. p. 588, b. ), [P. S. ] year of his consulship, B. C. 99. (Cicero, de Orat. i.
HERMOʻCREON ('Epuokpéwv), the author of 12. ) Now Metellus triumphed over Andriscus in
two simple and elegant epigrams in the Greek An- B. C. 148. These two architects, therefore, can
thology. His time is not known. (Brunck, Anal. hardly be the same. In fact, the conjecture of
vol. i. p. 252; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 229, Turnebus is suspicious, for the very reason that it
vol. xiii. p. 902; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. is so plausible. Schneider reads hujusmodi instead
477. )
[P. S. ) of the Hermodi of the MSS. (Comment. in Vitruv.
HERMODOʻRUS ('Epubbwpos). 1. Of Ephesus, 2. c. )
[P. S. )
a person of great distinction, but was expelled by HE'RMODUS. (HERMODORUS, of Salamis. )
his fellow-citizens, for which Heracleitus censured HERMO'GENES ('Epuogévns). 1. A son of
them very severely. (Diog. Laërt. ix. 2; Cic. Tusc. Crito, the friend of Socrates, and, like his father, a
v. 36. ) He is said to have gone to Rome to have disciple of Socrates. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 121. )
explained to the decemvirs the Greek laws, and 2. A son of Hipponicus, and a brother of the
thus assisted them in drawing up the laws of the wealthy Callias, is introduced by Plato in his dia-
Twelve Tables, B. C. 451. (Pompon. de Orig. Jur. logue Cratylus as one of the interlocutors, and main-
Dig. 1. tit. 2. 3.
she was a grand-daughter of Leda, the mother of Ant. c. 3. )
IIelena, Virgil (Acn. iii. 328) calls her Ledaea. 2. Of Smyrna, a distinguished philosopher, sur-
During the war against Troy, Menelaus promised named by the ancient writers the Callimacheian
her in marriage to Neoptolemus (Pyrrbus); and (ó Katajuá xelos). From this title it may be in-
after his returu he fulfilled his promise. (Od. iv. ferred that he was a disciple of Callimachus about
4, &c. ) This Homeric tradition differs from those the middle of the third century B. C. , while the
of later writers. According to Euripides (Androm. fact of his having written the life of Chrysippus
891, &c. ; comp. Pind. Nem. vii. 43; Hygin. Fab. proves that he lived to about the end of the cen-
1:23), Menelaus, previous to his expedition against tury. His writings seem to have been of very great
Troy, had promised Hermione to Orestes. After importance and value. (Joseph. c. A pion. i. 22;
the return of Neoptolemus, Orestes informed him Hieronym. de Vir. Illustr. Praef. ) They are re-
of this, and claimed Hermione for himself; but peatedly referred to by the ancient writers, under
Neoptolemus baughtily refused to give her up. many titles, of which, however, most, if not all,
Orestes, in revenge, incited the Delphians against seem to have been chapters of his great biogra-
bim, and Neoptolemus was slain. In the mean-phical work, which is often quoted under the title
## p. 417 (#433) ############################################
HERMOCRATES.
HERMOCRATES.
417
of Blon. It can scarcely be doubled that the follow- citizens of that state at the tinie of the Athenian
ing were portions of that work : Nepl Twv év har invasion. We have no account of his early life or
deią dawkártwy (Westermann believes this to have rise, but his family must have been illustrious, for,
been the title of the whole work),—Hepi tûvérta according to Timacus (ap. Longin. iv. 3 ; comp.
Σοφών,-Περί των Νομοθετών,-Βίοι των Φιλοσό- also Plut. Nic. 1), it claimed descent from the god
owv, of which a great portion was occupied with the Hermes, and it is evident that he was a person of
life of Pythagoras, and which also contained lives of consideration and influence in the state as early as
Empedocles, Heracleitus, Democritus, Zeno, So B. C. 424, as he was one of the deputies sent by the
crates, Plato, Aristotle, Antisthenes, Diogenes, Syracusans to the general congress of the Greek
Stilpo, Epicurus, Theophrastus, Heracleides, De cities of Sicily, held at Gela in the summer of that
metrius Phalereus, Chrysippus, and others, --Bíol year. Thucydides, who puts a long speech into
TV 'Pntopwr, under which, again, may be in- his mouth on that occasion, ascribes mainly to his
cluded the titles Iepl ropylov, nel 'lookpátous, influence the resolution adopted by the assembled
Περί των Ισοκράτους Μαθητών. The work seems | deputies to terminate the troubles of Sicily by a
almo to have contained lives of historians (Marcell. general pence. (Thuc. iv. 58, 65 ; Timacus, ap.
Vit. Thuc. 18), and of poets, for we have the title Polyb. xii. Frag. Vut. 22. ) In 415, when the
Tepl 'ITTÚVAKTOS. It is not improbable that the news of the impending invasion from Athens came
treatise Περί των διαπρεψάντων εν Παιδεία Δούλων | to be generally rife, though still discredited by
also belonged to the same great work, but the sub many, Hermocrates again came forward to urge the
ject creates a suspicion that it may belong to Her- truth of the rumour, and the necessity of inime-
mippus of Berytus. There is more uncertainty diate preparations for defence. (Thuc. vi. 32–
about the work Nepi Máywv, and about several 35. ) It does not appear that he at this time held
miscellaneous quotations on points of geography, any public situation or command ; but in the fol-
music, and astronomy. If the Hermippus whom lowing winter, after the first defeat of the Syra-
Athenaeus quotes under the surname of ó dotporo-cusans by the Athenians, he represented this dis-
girós (xi. p. 478, a. ) be a different person, the aster as owing to the too great number as well as
work Tepl Máyw and the astronomical quotations insufficient authority of their generals, and thus
would naturally be referred to him. Lastly, Sto- induced them to appoint himself, together with
baeus (Serm. 5) quotes from the work of a certain Heracleides and Sicanus, to be conimanders-in-
Hermippus, Evvayan TV kanas dvadwindertwr chief, with full powers. (Thuc. vi. 72, 73 ; Plut.
et Ouñpov. Perhaps this work should be assigned Nic. 16 ; Diod. xiii. 4; who, however, places their
to Hermippus of Berytus. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. appointment too early. ) He was soon after sent to
pp. 138-140, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bill. Camarina, to counteract the influence of the Athe-
Graec. vol. ii. p. 495 ; Lozynski, Hermippi Smyr. nian envoys, and gain the Car rinaeans to the
naei Peripatetici Fragmenta, Bonn, 1832, 8vo. ; alliance of Syracuse, but he only succeeded in in-
Preller, in Jahn's Jahrbücher für Philologie, vol. ducing them to remain neutral. (Thuc. vi. 75,
xvii. p. 159; Clinton, Fast. Hellen. vol. ii. p. 88. ) According to 'Thucydides, Hermocrates had
518. )
already given proofs of valour and ability in war,
3. Of Berytus, a grammarian, who flourished before his elevation to the command ; but his first
under Trajan and Hadrian. By birth he was a proceedings as a general were unsuccessful : his
slave, but having become the disciple of Philo great object was to prevent the Athenians from
Biblius, he was recommended by him to Herennius making themselves masters of the heights of Epi-
Severus, and attained to great eminence by his elo polae, above the town, but they landed suddenly
quence and learning. He wrote many works, from Catana, carried the Epipolae by surprise, and
ainong which were an account of dreams in five commenced their lines of circumvallation. The
books (Tertull. De Anim. 46), and a book Nepi Syracusans next, by the advice of Hermocrates,
'Eldováðos (Clem. Alex. Stroni. vi. p. 291). He is began to construct a cross wall, interrupt the
also quoted again by Clemens (Strom. i. p. 132), Athenian lines; but they were foiled in this
and by Stephanus Byzantinus, s. v. 'Páterva. project too: the Athenians attacked their counter-
(Suid. s. v. "Epuntos, Nirayópas; Vossius, De work, and destroyed it, while they themselves
Mist. Graec. pp. 262, 263, ed. Westermann. ) were repulsed in all their attacks upon the
4. There is a dialogue on astrology, in two Athenian lines. Dispirited by their ill success,
books, under the name of "EpUITTOS, which is not they laid the blame upon their generals, whom they
the name of the author but of the principal speaker. deposed, and appointed three others in their stead.
It was printed by Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. (Thuc. vi. 96—103. ) The arrival of Gylippus soon
p. 261, old edition ; comp. vol. iv. p. 159, ed. Har- after superseded the new generals, and gave a fresh
less), and has been re-edited by 0. D. Bloch. turn to affairs ; but Hermocrates, though now in a
(Hermippus, incerti auctoris Christiani Dialogus s. private situation, was not less active in the service
de Astrologia Libri II. Gr. ex apog. cod. Vatic. of his country : we hear of his heading a chosen
Hasnjae, 1830, 8vo. )
(P. S. ) band of warriors in resisting the great night attack
HERMOʻCHARES. [ACONTIUS; CTESYLLA. ) on the Epipolae, immediately after the arrival of
HE'RMOCLES ('Epuoranis), of Rhodes, a sta- Demosthenes (Diod. xiii. 11): he is also mentioned
tuary, who made the bronze statue of Combabus in as joining with Gylippus in urging the Syracusans
the temple of Hera at Hierapolis in Syria He to try their fortune aguin by sea, as well as by
lived, therefore, in the reign of Antiochus II. land : and when, after the final defeat and de-
(Soter), about B. C. 280, and belonged, no doubt, struction of their feets, the Athenian generals were
like Chares, to the Rhodian school of artists, who preparing to retrcat by land, it was Hermocrates
were the followers of Lysippus. (Lucian, de Dea who anticipated their purpose, and finding it im-
Syria, 26. )
[P. S. ) possible to induce his countrymen to march forth
HERMO'CRATES ('Epuokpáns). 1. Son of at once and occupy the passes, nevertheless suc-
Hermon, a Syracusan, and one of the most eminent ceeded, by an ingenious stratagem, in causing the
VOL. II.
ER
## p. 418 (#434) ############################################
418
HERMOCRATES.
HERMOCREON.
Athenians themselves to defer their departure for allies, laid waste the territories of Motya and Pa-
two days, a delay which proved fntal to the whole normus, and defeated the Panormitans in a battle.
army. (Thuc. vii. 21, 73; Diod. xiii. 18 ; Plut. By these means he acquired great fame and popu-
Nic. 26.
) Thucydides makes no mention of the larity, which were still increased when in the fol.
part taken by Hermocrates in regard to the Athe-lowing year (B. C. 407) he repaired to Himera, and
nian prisoners, but both Diodorus and Plutarch finding that the bones of the Syracusans who had
represent him as exerting all his influence with his been slain in battle against the Carthaginians two
countrymen, though unsuccessfully, to save the years before still lay there unburied, caused them
lives of Nicias and Demosthenes. According to a to be gathered up, and removed with all due fune-
statement of Timaeus, preserved by the latter au- ral honours to Syracuse. But, though the revulsion
thor, when he found all his efforts fruitless, he of feeling thus excited led to the banishment of
gave a private intimation to the two generals that Diocles, and other leaders of the opposite party
they might anticipate the ignominy of a public ex- yet the sentence of exile against Hermocrates stil.
ecution by a voluntary death. (Diod. xiii. 19; remained unreversed. Not long afterwards he app
Plut. Nic. 28. )
proached Syracuse with a considerable force, and
After the destruction of the Athenian armament was admitted by some of his friends into the city;
in Sicily, Hermocrates employed all his influence but was followed in the first instance only by a
with his countrymen to induce them to support select band, which the Syracusans no sooner dis
with vigour their allies the Lacedaemonians in the covered than they took up arms, and attacked and
war in Greece itself. But he only succeeded in slew him, together with the greater part of his fol-
prevailing upon them to send a squadron of twenty lowers, before his troops could come to their assist-
triremes (to which the Selinuntians added two ance. (Diod. xiii. 63, 75. ) The character of
more); and with this small force he himself, with Hermocrates is one of the brightest and purest in
two colleagues in the command, joined the Lace the history of Syracuse ; and the ancient republics
daemonian fleet under Astyochus, before the close present few more striking instances of moderation
of the summer of 412. (Thuc. viii. 26 ; Diodorus, and wisdom, combined with the most steady pa-
however, raises the number of the ships to thirty-triotism ; while his abilities, both as a statesman
five, xiii. 34. ) But, trifling as this succour ap- and a warrior, were such as to earn for him the
pears, the Syracusan squadron bore an important praise of being ranked in after ages as on a level in
part in many of the subsequent operations, and these respects with Timoleon and Pyrrhus. (Polyb.
particularly in the action off Cynossema, in which Frag. Vat. xii. 22. ) We do not learn that Her-
it formed the right wing of the Lacedaemonian mocrates left a son ; his daughter was married,
fleet ; and though unable to prevent the defeat of after his death, to the tyrant Dionysius. (Diod.
its allies, escaped with the loss of only one ship. xii. 96 ; Plut. Dion. 3. )
(Thuc. viii. 104-106; Diod. xii. 39. ) It is pro- 2. Father of Dionysius the elder, tyrant of Sye
bably of this action that Polybius was thinking, racuse.
when he states (Frag. Vat. xii. 23) that Hermo- 3. A Rhodian, who, according to Plutarch, was
crates was present at the battle of Acgos Potamoi, sent by Artaxerxes Mnemon to Greece, during the
which is clearly erroneous. During these services expedition of Agesilaus in Asia, to gain over the
Hermocrates, we are told, conciliated in the highest other states of Greece by large bribes, and thus
degree the favour both of the allies and of his own compel the Spartans to recal Agesilaus. (Plut.
troops ; and acquired such popularity with the Artax. 20. ) There can be little doubt that the
latter, that when (in 409 B. C. ) news arrived that same person is meant who is called by Xenophon
he as well as his colleagues had been sentenced to (Hell. iii. 5. § 1) Timocrates, and who was sent, it
banislıment by a decree of the Syracusan people, appears, not by the king himself, but by the satrap
and new commanders appointed to replace them, Tithraustes.
[E. H. B. )
the officers and crews of the squadron not only HERMOCRATES ('Epuokpáros). 1. A dis-
insisted on their retaining the command until the ciple of Socrates, mentioned by Xenophon (Mem.
actual arrival of their successors, but many of them i. 2. § 48) as one of those whose character and
offered their services to Hermocrates to effect his conduct refuted the charge brought against Socrates
restoration to his country. He however urged the of corrupting those who associated with him.
duty of obedience to the laws ; and, after handing 2. A rhetorician, a native of Phocaea. He was
over the squadron to the new generals, repaired to the grandson of the sophist Attalus, and studied
Lacedaemon to counteract the intrigues of Tissa- under Claudius Rufinus of Smyma. He died at
phernes, to whom he had given personal offence. the age of twenty-five, or twenty-eight, according
From thence he returned to Asia, to the court of to other accounts. Philostratus (Pit. Sophist. ii.
Pharnabazus, who furnished him with money to 25) pronounces him one of the most distinguished
build ships and raise mercenary troops, for the pur- rhetoricians of his age. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
pose of effecting his return to Syracuse. (Xen. vi. p. 131. )
Hell. i. 1. & 27—31 ; Thuc. viii. 85; Diod. xiii. 63. ) 3. A grammarian, a native of Iasus. Nothing more
With a force of five triremes and 1000 soldiers, is known of him than that he was the instructor
he sailed to Messana, and from thence in conjunc-of Callimachus. [CALLIMACH US. ] [C. P. M. ]
tion with the refugees from Himera, and, with the HERMOCRATES ('Epuorpátas), a physician
co-operation of his own party in Syracuse, attempted mentioned by Martial in one of his epigrams (vi.
to bring about a revolution in that city. But fail. 53), the point of which seems to be borrowed
ing in that scheme, he hastened to Selinus, at this from one by Lucilius in the Greek Anthology (xi.
time still in ruins, after its destruction by the Car- 257, vol. ii
. p. 59, ed. Tauchn. ) If the name is
thaginians, rebuilt a part of the city, and collected not a fictitious one, Hermocrates may have lived in
thither its refugees from all parts of Sicily. He the first century after Christ. [W. A. G. )
thus converted it into a stronghold, from whence HERMO'CREON ('Epuorpéwv), an architect
he carried on hostilities against the Carthaginian and sculptor, was the builder of a gigantic and
## p. 419 (#435) ############################################
HERMODORUS.
419
AERMOGENES.
a
beautiful a! tor at Parium on the Propontis. (Strab. I at Rome, whom the great Antonius defended in the
xii. p. 487, A. ; xiii. p. 588, b. ), [P. S. ] year of his consulship, B. C. 99. (Cicero, de Orat. i.
HERMOʻCREON ('Epuokpéwv), the author of 12. ) Now Metellus triumphed over Andriscus in
two simple and elegant epigrams in the Greek An- B. C. 148. These two architects, therefore, can
thology. His time is not known. (Brunck, Anal. hardly be the same. In fact, the conjecture of
vol. i. p. 252; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 229, Turnebus is suspicious, for the very reason that it
vol. xiii. p. 902; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. is so plausible. Schneider reads hujusmodi instead
477. )
[P. S. ) of the Hermodi of the MSS. (Comment. in Vitruv.
HERMODOʻRUS ('Epubbwpos). 1. Of Ephesus, 2. c. )
[P. S. )
a person of great distinction, but was expelled by HE'RMODUS. (HERMODORUS, of Salamis. )
his fellow-citizens, for which Heracleitus censured HERMO'GENES ('Epuogévns). 1. A son of
them very severely. (Diog. Laërt. ix. 2; Cic. Tusc. Crito, the friend of Socrates, and, like his father, a
v. 36. ) He is said to have gone to Rome to have disciple of Socrates. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 121. )
explained to the decemvirs the Greek laws, and 2. A son of Hipponicus, and a brother of the
thus assisted them in drawing up the laws of the wealthy Callias, is introduced by Plato in his dia-
Twelve Tables, B. C. 451. (Pompon. de Orig. Jur. logue Cratylus as one of the interlocutors, and main-
Dig. 1. tit. 2. 3.
