Mahārajasa
pracachasa
tratarasa Stratasa.
Cambridge History of India - v1
Thus once more Bactria
became the nursery of a great power which was destined to dominate N. W.
India. History repeated itself ; and the Kushāņas, like their predecessors,
the Yavanas, speedily became masters of the adjacent territories lying
to the south of the Hindu Kush, that is to say, the modern Southern
Afghanistān, or the ancient provinces of the Paropanisadae (Kabul and
Arachosia (Kandahār). These first conquests were made, as the Chinese
authorities state definitely, by the first Kushāņa monarch, who has been
identified with Kujūla Kadphises - Kujūla being no doubt a title like the
The royal title, Son of the Gods' (devaputru), was no doubt brought by the
Yuch. chi from their home on the borders of China. It is the usual designation of a
king in the Kharoshthi inscriptions discovered by Sir A. J. Stein in Chinese Turkestan
see Boyer, Rapson, and Senart, Kharoshthi Inscriptions, Part I (Oxford, 1920), p. 76,
no. 195. These inscriptions, which belong to the third century A. D. , preserve other
traces of Kusbāna rule, e. g. in the proper name Kusa nasena ibid. (p. 2. no. 5).
10. Franke, Beiträge aus chinesischen Quellen (1904) in Abhandlungen d. konig
preuss. Akad.
## p. 527 (#565) ############################################
XXIII]
PAHLAVAS
527
>
Kusūlaka of the Çaka satrap, Liaka (p. 519), and Kadphises the proper
name ; and, as they took place after 25 A. D. , they were made at the
expense of the Pahlava suzerain, who was either Gondopharnes or Pacores.
As other evidence will show, their date cannot be much later than the
middle of the first century A. D. at the latest.
Most of the coins of Kujūla Kadphises show clearly both by their
types and by their fabric that they were struck in the Kābul valley. They
are imitated from the barbarous issues of that region which still continued
to reproduce mechanically the legends with the name of the last Yavana
king, Hermaeus, long after his death. They are found in enormous
numbers beyond the limits of the Kābul valley in Takshaçilā, where
the stratification of the objects discovered in the excavations proves un-
questionably that, in that district, they are rather later than the coins of
Gondopharnes. At first sight the evidence of the finds would thus seem
to show that Kujūla Kadphises himself was later in date than Gondopharnes
and that he was the actual conqueror of Takshaçilā ; but, since the coins in
question manifestly come from the Kābul valley, we must suppose rather
that they represent the ordinary currency of the Kushāņas at the time when
the invasion took place, and that they were introduced into Takshaçilā as
large numbers of Sassanian coins were brought into the country of the
lower Indus from Irān by the Hunas in the fifth century A. D. It is, therefore,
by no means impossible that Kujūla Kadphises may have been not later
than, but contemporary with, Gondopharnes; and there is no reason to :
doubt the statement of the Chinese writers that it was not Kujūla Kad.
phises, but his son and successor, V’ima Kadphises, who extended the
dominions of the Kushāņas from the Kābul valley to N. W. India.
That this extension had been completed before 64 A. D, appears certain
from the evidence of an inscription which was discovered near Panjtār in
the Yūsufzai sub-division of the Peshāwar District:. It is dated on the
first day of the month Crāvaņa in the year 122 ; and there can be no doubt
that the era is the same as that which occurs in the Takht-i-Bahi inscription
of Gondopharnes, that is to say, the era of Azes which began in 58 B. c. The
inscription was set up in the reign of a Kushāņa (Gushana) who is
styled 'Great King'; but, as the personal name of this monarch is not given,
he cannot be identified. If he was not V’ima Kadphises himself, he
was, as the subordinate title may perhaps indicate, most probably one of
his viceroys and possibly the Kara Kadphises whose coins seem to belong
to the region in which the inscription was found (p. 525, note).
The precise date at which the Pahlava suzerainty in India came
to an end is unknown, but is undoubtedly lies within the comparatively
narrow limits marked by the years 45 and 64 a. d. - the last recorded year of
1 Fleet, J. R. A. S. , 1914, p. 372.
## p. 528 (#566) ############################################
528
[CB.
SCYTHIAN AND PARTHIAN INVADERS
Gondopharnes and the earliest mention of a Kushāņa king on an Indian
monument. But the Çakas and Pahlavas, although they had lost the proud
predominance which they once held, had by no means ceased to play a part
in Indian history. Like the Yavanas, they continue for some centuries to
be mentioned in Indian inscriptions in a manner which shows that they
still formed organised communities ; and there is evidence to show that
they still governed their own states, no doubt as feudatories more or less
nominal of the Kushānas. In the last part of the first century A. D. their
original Indian settlements in the country of the Indus delta continued to
be ruled by princes of their own race whom the author of the Periplus
calls Parthian (Pahlava) and describes as turbulent chiefs perpetually
engaged in turing one another out. But that these princes of foreign
origin who governed the country of the lower Indus had at this period been
forced to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Kushāņas, is proved by the
Sué Vibāra inscription in the Bahāwalpur State which is dated in a regnal
year of Kanishka (year 11 = 89 A. D. )".
It was from this country, too, and under the leadership of Çaka and
Pahlava satraps that the Kushāņa power was extended to Western India ;
and in this manner were laid the foundations of the kingdom of the
Kshatrapas of Surāshtra and Mālwā, the ‘Western Satraps,' who are known
in the later Indian literature and inscriptions as 'Çakas. ' This kingdom
lasted from about the beginning of the second century to the end of
the fourth, when it was conquered by the Guptas. The dates which appear
on the coins and inscriptions of its princes are all in the era which
starts from the beginning of Kanishka's reign in 78 A. D. They range from
the
year 41 to the year 310 (119-388 a. d. ) and form the most continuous
and complete chronological series found on the monuments of ancient
India. It was in consequence of its long use by the Çaka princes of
Western India that the era became generally known in India as the
Çaka era- a name which effectually disguises its origin, and one which has
in no small degree perplexed modern scholars in their endeavours to unravel
'the secret of Kanishka. '
1 Periplus inaris Erythroci, 38.
2 Hoernle Ind. Ant. 1881, p. 324.
## p. 529 (#567) ############################################
[Ch.
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE
529
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE FOR THE HISTORY OF THE
YAVANA, ÇAKA, AND PAHLVA INVADERS OF INDIA
(Chapters XXII and XXIII)
Demetrius
Plates.
Bilingual square Æ :B. M. Cat. , GK. and Scyth, Kings,
p. 163, no. 3, Fl. XXX, 3.
Demetrius
Types 'Elephant's head ; Caduceus. '
Obr, Head of elephant to r. ; bell suspended from neck.
Rev. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΕ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ. Caduces. Æ
Same types. ΒΑΕΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΑΥΟΥ
Æ
Same Obv. type ; B. M. Cat. , p. 50, no. 68, Pl. XII, 6 Æ
VI, 1.
Maues
VI, 2.
Menander
Pantaleou
Agathocles
Indian types of Pantaleon and Agathocles.
B. M. Cat. , p. 9. no. 3. Pl. III. 9.
Æ
B. M. Cat. , p. 11. no. 12, PI. IV. 9.
Æ
Kharoshțhi legend Hitajasame ; B. M. Cat. , p. 12 no: 15.
Pl. IV, 10; Lahore Mus. Cat. , Vol. I. Indo-GK.
Coins, p. 18, PI. II, 51.
Æ
Antimachus
Bactrian types of Antimachus
Type «Poseidon'; B. M. Cat. , p. 12, no. 1. Pl. V, 1;
v. sup. Chapter XVII, p. 449.
R
Comparative medals ; sup. Chapter XVII,
pp. 450. 1.
R
III, 8.
V.
Antimachus
Indian Types of Antimachus.
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΕ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ ΑΝΤΙΜΑΧΟΥ.
Victory 1. holding palm and wreath.
Rev. Mahārajasa jayadharasa Amtimakhasa.
King
on prancing horse r.
R
IV,
3:
Philoxenus
Nicias
Hippostratus
Hermaeus and
Calliope
Same rev. type
B. M. Cat. , p. 56, no. 3,Pl. XIII, 6.
p. 58, no. 1 Pl. XIII, 11.
p. 59, no. 4, Pl. XIV, 2
p. 66, nos. 1, 2, Pl. XY, 9, 10.
R
Æ
R
R
Types 'Appollo : Tripod. '
Apollodotus I Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΤΤOΛΛΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ.
Apollo facing, holding arrow in and bow in
1. hand.
Rev. Maharajasa Apaladatasa tradarasa. Tripod in
square of dots.
Æ
I. ,
VI, 4.
## p. 530 (#568) ############################################
530
XXIII
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE
Strato I
Obv. BAXIENE ETTIΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ
ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝ ΟΕ. Same type.
Æ
Rev.
Mahārajasa pracachasa tratarasa Stratasa.
B. M. Cat. , p. 72, no. 26, Pl. XVII, 7.
Æ
Plates.
VI, 5
Maues
VI, 6.
Same types varied
Apollodotus II Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ | ΑΠΟΛΛΟΔΟΤΟΥ.
Apollo r. holding arrow with both hands. Mono-
gram &
Rev. Maharajasa tradarasa Apuludatasa
Tripod.
Æ
Dionysius B. M. Cat. , p. 51, no. 2, (Same types but different
monogram. )
Æ
Zoilus
B. M. Cat. , p. 53. no. 11, Pl. XII, 13.
Æ
Hippostratus
p. 60, no. 14, PI. XIV, 7.
Strato I and II Corolla Numismatica, p. 257, Pl. XII, 15.
Æ
.
Æ
:
VI, 7.
Types «Elephant : Indian bull. '
ApollodotusI Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ.
Elephant r.
Rev. Maharajasa Apuludutasa tratarasa. Indian
bull r.
R
Heliocles
Οδυ. ΒΑΕΙΛΕΩΣΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΗΛΙΟΚΑΕΟΥΣ. Sarme
type,
Rer. Maharajasa dhramikasa Heliyakreyasa. Same
type.
Æ
Maues
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΣΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΜΑ-
YOY. Similar type.
Rev. Rajatirajasa mahatasa Moaso. Same type. Æ
Azes
B. M. Cat. , p. 87, no. 160, Pl. XIX, 7.
Azilises
p. 97, no. 40. Pl. XXI, 6.
Æ
VI, S.
VI, 9.
仁E化
Æ
City of Push-
kalāvati
VI, 10.
Types of the city Pushkalāvati, 'City goddess : Indian bull. '
Obr. r. Pakhalavadi devada; 1. illegible Kharoshthi
legend. City goddess wearing a mural crown and
holding a lotus in her r, hand.
Rer. above, TAYPOC; below, Usabhe. Indian
bull r.
A
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΔΙΟΜΗΔΟΥ. The
Diomedes
Dioscuri.
Ree'.
Maharajasa tratara sa Diyumedasa. Indian
Æ
B. M. Cat. , p. 51, no. 1, Pl. XII, 8 ( Rev. type 'Indian
bull').
Æ
B. M. Cat. , p. 57, no. 13, Pl. XIII, 10 ( Types 'City
goddess : Indian bull').
VI. 11.
bull r.
Epander
Philoxenus
## p. 531 (#569) ############################################
XXn]
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE
531
Plates.
VI, 12.
Artemidorus B. M. Cat. , p. 54, no. 1, Pl. XIII, 2 (Types “Artemis:
Indian bull')
Æ
Peucolaus Lahore Mus. Cat. , p. 80, Pl. VIII, 642 (Types ‘Artemis :
City goddess').
Æ
Maues Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ | MA-
YOY.
Artemis r.
Rev. Rajatirajasa mahatasa | Moasa. Indian bull 1. Æ
Azes
B. M. Cat. , p. 85, no. 137, Pl. XIX, 5 (Types ‘Goddess :
India bull').
Æ
Azilises J. A. R. S. , 1905, p. 788, Pl. 3, (Rev. type 'City goddess
and Zeus').
RR
Zeionises B. M. Cat. , p. 110, no. 1, Pl. XXIII, 1, (Rev. type 'King
and City goddess').
Kujūla Kara B. M. Cat. , p. 112, no. 10, Pl. XXIII 7; cf. Num.
Kadphises Chron. 1892, p. 65, PJ. IV, 9. 13 (Rev. type 'Camel').
Æ
R
Eucratides
VI, 13.
Æ
Menander
Οδ. ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ | ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ.
Bust of king 1. thrusting spear.
Rev. Maharajasa Evukratitasa Victory r.
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ Ι ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ.
Bust of king 1, thrusting spear.
(Rer, type 'Athene']
Obv. Samo legend. Bust of Athene (or of Agathocleia) r. ,
wearing helmet.
[Rev. Maharajasa tratārasa Menandrasa.
Victory
VI, 14.
Æ
VI, 15
r.
Strato I
VI, 16.
Menander
VI, 17.
Menander
[Obv. type 'Bust of Heracles r. ']
Rev. Maharajasa tratārasa Stralasa Victory. r.
Æ
(For the type ‘Victory see also p. 535. )
Type of the city of Bucephala Ox head'.
Obv. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣΣΩΤΗΡΟΣΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ. Ox-
head.
Rev. Mahārjasa tralārasa Menamdrasa.
Tripod
Æ
Type ‘Athene Promachos. '
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ | ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ.
Bust of king r.
Rev. Mahārajasa | trālārasa Menamdrasa, Athene Pro-
machos 1.
R
Οδυ, ΒΑΕΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ
ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΙΑΣ, Busts of Strato and Agathocleia
jugate r.
became the nursery of a great power which was destined to dominate N. W.
India. History repeated itself ; and the Kushāņas, like their predecessors,
the Yavanas, speedily became masters of the adjacent territories lying
to the south of the Hindu Kush, that is to say, the modern Southern
Afghanistān, or the ancient provinces of the Paropanisadae (Kabul and
Arachosia (Kandahār). These first conquests were made, as the Chinese
authorities state definitely, by the first Kushāņa monarch, who has been
identified with Kujūla Kadphises - Kujūla being no doubt a title like the
The royal title, Son of the Gods' (devaputru), was no doubt brought by the
Yuch. chi from their home on the borders of China. It is the usual designation of a
king in the Kharoshthi inscriptions discovered by Sir A. J. Stein in Chinese Turkestan
see Boyer, Rapson, and Senart, Kharoshthi Inscriptions, Part I (Oxford, 1920), p. 76,
no. 195. These inscriptions, which belong to the third century A. D. , preserve other
traces of Kusbāna rule, e. g. in the proper name Kusa nasena ibid. (p. 2. no. 5).
10. Franke, Beiträge aus chinesischen Quellen (1904) in Abhandlungen d. konig
preuss. Akad.
## p. 527 (#565) ############################################
XXIII]
PAHLAVAS
527
>
Kusūlaka of the Çaka satrap, Liaka (p. 519), and Kadphises the proper
name ; and, as they took place after 25 A. D. , they were made at the
expense of the Pahlava suzerain, who was either Gondopharnes or Pacores.
As other evidence will show, their date cannot be much later than the
middle of the first century A. D. at the latest.
Most of the coins of Kujūla Kadphises show clearly both by their
types and by their fabric that they were struck in the Kābul valley. They
are imitated from the barbarous issues of that region which still continued
to reproduce mechanically the legends with the name of the last Yavana
king, Hermaeus, long after his death. They are found in enormous
numbers beyond the limits of the Kābul valley in Takshaçilā, where
the stratification of the objects discovered in the excavations proves un-
questionably that, in that district, they are rather later than the coins of
Gondopharnes. At first sight the evidence of the finds would thus seem
to show that Kujūla Kadphises himself was later in date than Gondopharnes
and that he was the actual conqueror of Takshaçilā ; but, since the coins in
question manifestly come from the Kābul valley, we must suppose rather
that they represent the ordinary currency of the Kushāņas at the time when
the invasion took place, and that they were introduced into Takshaçilā as
large numbers of Sassanian coins were brought into the country of the
lower Indus from Irān by the Hunas in the fifth century A. D. It is, therefore,
by no means impossible that Kujūla Kadphises may have been not later
than, but contemporary with, Gondopharnes; and there is no reason to :
doubt the statement of the Chinese writers that it was not Kujūla Kad.
phises, but his son and successor, V’ima Kadphises, who extended the
dominions of the Kushāņas from the Kābul valley to N. W. India.
That this extension had been completed before 64 A. D, appears certain
from the evidence of an inscription which was discovered near Panjtār in
the Yūsufzai sub-division of the Peshāwar District:. It is dated on the
first day of the month Crāvaņa in the year 122 ; and there can be no doubt
that the era is the same as that which occurs in the Takht-i-Bahi inscription
of Gondopharnes, that is to say, the era of Azes which began in 58 B. c. The
inscription was set up in the reign of a Kushāņa (Gushana) who is
styled 'Great King'; but, as the personal name of this monarch is not given,
he cannot be identified. If he was not V’ima Kadphises himself, he
was, as the subordinate title may perhaps indicate, most probably one of
his viceroys and possibly the Kara Kadphises whose coins seem to belong
to the region in which the inscription was found (p. 525, note).
The precise date at which the Pahlava suzerainty in India came
to an end is unknown, but is undoubtedly lies within the comparatively
narrow limits marked by the years 45 and 64 a. d. - the last recorded year of
1 Fleet, J. R. A. S. , 1914, p. 372.
## p. 528 (#566) ############################################
528
[CB.
SCYTHIAN AND PARTHIAN INVADERS
Gondopharnes and the earliest mention of a Kushāņa king on an Indian
monument. But the Çakas and Pahlavas, although they had lost the proud
predominance which they once held, had by no means ceased to play a part
in Indian history. Like the Yavanas, they continue for some centuries to
be mentioned in Indian inscriptions in a manner which shows that they
still formed organised communities ; and there is evidence to show that
they still governed their own states, no doubt as feudatories more or less
nominal of the Kushānas. In the last part of the first century A. D. their
original Indian settlements in the country of the Indus delta continued to
be ruled by princes of their own race whom the author of the Periplus
calls Parthian (Pahlava) and describes as turbulent chiefs perpetually
engaged in turing one another out. But that these princes of foreign
origin who governed the country of the lower Indus had at this period been
forced to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Kushāņas, is proved by the
Sué Vibāra inscription in the Bahāwalpur State which is dated in a regnal
year of Kanishka (year 11 = 89 A. D. )".
It was from this country, too, and under the leadership of Çaka and
Pahlava satraps that the Kushāņa power was extended to Western India ;
and in this manner were laid the foundations of the kingdom of the
Kshatrapas of Surāshtra and Mālwā, the ‘Western Satraps,' who are known
in the later Indian literature and inscriptions as 'Çakas. ' This kingdom
lasted from about the beginning of the second century to the end of
the fourth, when it was conquered by the Guptas. The dates which appear
on the coins and inscriptions of its princes are all in the era which
starts from the beginning of Kanishka's reign in 78 A. D. They range from
the
year 41 to the year 310 (119-388 a. d. ) and form the most continuous
and complete chronological series found on the monuments of ancient
India. It was in consequence of its long use by the Çaka princes of
Western India that the era became generally known in India as the
Çaka era- a name which effectually disguises its origin, and one which has
in no small degree perplexed modern scholars in their endeavours to unravel
'the secret of Kanishka. '
1 Periplus inaris Erythroci, 38.
2 Hoernle Ind. Ant. 1881, p. 324.
## p. 529 (#567) ############################################
[Ch.
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE
529
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE FOR THE HISTORY OF THE
YAVANA, ÇAKA, AND PAHLVA INVADERS OF INDIA
(Chapters XXII and XXIII)
Demetrius
Plates.
Bilingual square Æ :B. M. Cat. , GK. and Scyth, Kings,
p. 163, no. 3, Fl. XXX, 3.
Demetrius
Types 'Elephant's head ; Caduceus. '
Obr, Head of elephant to r. ; bell suspended from neck.
Rev. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΕ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ. Caduces. Æ
Same types. ΒΑΕΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΑΥΟΥ
Æ
Same Obv. type ; B. M. Cat. , p. 50, no. 68, Pl. XII, 6 Æ
VI, 1.
Maues
VI, 2.
Menander
Pantaleou
Agathocles
Indian types of Pantaleon and Agathocles.
B. M. Cat. , p. 9. no. 3. Pl. III. 9.
Æ
B. M. Cat. , p. 11. no. 12, PI. IV. 9.
Æ
Kharoshțhi legend Hitajasame ; B. M. Cat. , p. 12 no: 15.
Pl. IV, 10; Lahore Mus. Cat. , Vol. I. Indo-GK.
Coins, p. 18, PI. II, 51.
Æ
Antimachus
Bactrian types of Antimachus
Type «Poseidon'; B. M. Cat. , p. 12, no. 1. Pl. V, 1;
v. sup. Chapter XVII, p. 449.
R
Comparative medals ; sup. Chapter XVII,
pp. 450. 1.
R
III, 8.
V.
Antimachus
Indian Types of Antimachus.
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΕ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ ΑΝΤΙΜΑΧΟΥ.
Victory 1. holding palm and wreath.
Rev. Mahārajasa jayadharasa Amtimakhasa.
King
on prancing horse r.
R
IV,
3:
Philoxenus
Nicias
Hippostratus
Hermaeus and
Calliope
Same rev. type
B. M. Cat. , p. 56, no. 3,Pl. XIII, 6.
p. 58, no. 1 Pl. XIII, 11.
p. 59, no. 4, Pl. XIV, 2
p. 66, nos. 1, 2, Pl. XY, 9, 10.
R
Æ
R
R
Types 'Appollo : Tripod. '
Apollodotus I Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΤΤOΛΛΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ.
Apollo facing, holding arrow in and bow in
1. hand.
Rev. Maharajasa Apaladatasa tradarasa. Tripod in
square of dots.
Æ
I. ,
VI, 4.
## p. 530 (#568) ############################################
530
XXIII
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE
Strato I
Obv. BAXIENE ETTIΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ
ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝ ΟΕ. Same type.
Æ
Rev.
Mahārajasa pracachasa tratarasa Stratasa.
B. M. Cat. , p. 72, no. 26, Pl. XVII, 7.
Æ
Plates.
VI, 5
Maues
VI, 6.
Same types varied
Apollodotus II Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ | ΑΠΟΛΛΟΔΟΤΟΥ.
Apollo r. holding arrow with both hands. Mono-
gram &
Rev. Maharajasa tradarasa Apuludatasa
Tripod.
Æ
Dionysius B. M. Cat. , p. 51, no. 2, (Same types but different
monogram. )
Æ
Zoilus
B. M. Cat. , p. 53. no. 11, Pl. XII, 13.
Æ
Hippostratus
p. 60, no. 14, PI. XIV, 7.
Strato I and II Corolla Numismatica, p. 257, Pl. XII, 15.
Æ
.
Æ
:
VI, 7.
Types «Elephant : Indian bull. '
ApollodotusI Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΠΟΛΛΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ.
Elephant r.
Rev. Maharajasa Apuludutasa tratarasa. Indian
bull r.
R
Heliocles
Οδυ. ΒΑΕΙΛΕΩΣΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΗΛΙΟΚΑΕΟΥΣ. Sarme
type,
Rer. Maharajasa dhramikasa Heliyakreyasa. Same
type.
Æ
Maues
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΣΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΜΑ-
YOY. Similar type.
Rev. Rajatirajasa mahatasa Moaso. Same type. Æ
Azes
B. M. Cat. , p. 87, no. 160, Pl. XIX, 7.
Azilises
p. 97, no. 40. Pl. XXI, 6.
Æ
VI, S.
VI, 9.
仁E化
Æ
City of Push-
kalāvati
VI, 10.
Types of the city Pushkalāvati, 'City goddess : Indian bull. '
Obr. r. Pakhalavadi devada; 1. illegible Kharoshthi
legend. City goddess wearing a mural crown and
holding a lotus in her r, hand.
Rer. above, TAYPOC; below, Usabhe. Indian
bull r.
A
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΔΙΟΜΗΔΟΥ. The
Diomedes
Dioscuri.
Ree'.
Maharajasa tratara sa Diyumedasa. Indian
Æ
B. M. Cat. , p. 51, no. 1, Pl. XII, 8 ( Rev. type 'Indian
bull').
Æ
B. M. Cat. , p. 57, no. 13, Pl. XIII, 10 ( Types 'City
goddess : Indian bull').
VI. 11.
bull r.
Epander
Philoxenus
## p. 531 (#569) ############################################
XXn]
SUMMARY OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE
531
Plates.
VI, 12.
Artemidorus B. M. Cat. , p. 54, no. 1, Pl. XIII, 2 (Types “Artemis:
Indian bull')
Æ
Peucolaus Lahore Mus. Cat. , p. 80, Pl. VIII, 642 (Types ‘Artemis :
City goddess').
Æ
Maues Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ | MA-
YOY.
Artemis r.
Rev. Rajatirajasa mahatasa | Moasa. Indian bull 1. Æ
Azes
B. M. Cat. , p. 85, no. 137, Pl. XIX, 5 (Types ‘Goddess :
India bull').
Æ
Azilises J. A. R. S. , 1905, p. 788, Pl. 3, (Rev. type 'City goddess
and Zeus').
RR
Zeionises B. M. Cat. , p. 110, no. 1, Pl. XXIII, 1, (Rev. type 'King
and City goddess').
Kujūla Kara B. M. Cat. , p. 112, no. 10, Pl. XXIII 7; cf. Num.
Kadphises Chron. 1892, p. 65, PJ. IV, 9. 13 (Rev. type 'Camel').
Æ
R
Eucratides
VI, 13.
Æ
Menander
Οδ. ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ | ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ.
Bust of king 1. thrusting spear.
Rev. Maharajasa Evukratitasa Victory r.
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ Ι ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ.
Bust of king 1, thrusting spear.
(Rer, type 'Athene']
Obv. Samo legend. Bust of Athene (or of Agathocleia) r. ,
wearing helmet.
[Rev. Maharajasa tratārasa Menandrasa.
Victory
VI, 14.
Æ
VI, 15
r.
Strato I
VI, 16.
Menander
VI, 17.
Menander
[Obv. type 'Bust of Heracles r. ']
Rev. Maharajasa tratārasa Stralasa Victory. r.
Æ
(For the type ‘Victory see also p. 535. )
Type of the city of Bucephala Ox head'.
Obv. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣΣΩΤΗΡΟΣΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ. Ox-
head.
Rev. Mahārjasa tralārasa Menamdrasa.
Tripod
Æ
Type ‘Athene Promachos. '
Οδυ. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ | ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ.
Bust of king r.
Rev. Mahārajasa | trālārasa Menamdrasa, Athene Pro-
machos 1.
R
Οδυ, ΒΑΕΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΣΤΡΑΤΩΝΟΣ ΚΑΙ
ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΙΑΣ, Busts of Strato and Agathocleia
jugate r.
