Collected
Tantras of the Nyingmapa.
Dudjom Rinpoche - Fundamentals and History of the Nyingmapa
HIL Vol.
1, fascicule 1 (1975).
H. Scharfe, Grammatical Literature. HIL Vol. 5, fascicule 2 (1977).
E. Gerow, Indian Poetics. HIL Vol. 5, fascicule 3 (1977).
C. Vogel, Indian Lexicography. HIL Vol. 5, fasci- cule 4 (1979).
B. K. Matilal, Nyaya-Vaisqika. HIL Vol. 6, fasci- cule 2 (1977).
D. Pingree, Astral and Mathematical Literature. HIL Vol. 6, fascicule 4 (1981).
D. S. Ruegg, The Literature of the Madhyamaka
School of Philosophy in India. HIL Vol. 7, fascicule 1 (1981).
D. Zbavitel, Bengali Literature. HIL Vol. 9, fasci- cule 3 (1976).
Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Funda- mentals and History, Vol. 1, Bk. 2.
Harvard Oriental Series. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Journal of Indian Philosophy.
'Jigs-med gling-pa'i gsung-'bum. The collected works of Kun-mkhyen 'Jigs-med-glin-pa. 9 vols. NNS
29-37 (1970 onwards). I(Sik)-Tib 74-917093. The
Sde-dge xylo. , which is still available, has not been consulted here.
'Ja'-tshon pod-drug. Disc. 'Ja'-tshon snying-po. 7 vols. Darjeeling: Taklung Tsetrul Perna Wangyal, 1979-82. I-Tib 79-905783.
Klong-chen gsung thor-bu. Miscellaneous Writings of Kun-mkhyen Klon-chen-pa Dri-med 'od-zer. 2 vols. Delhi: Sanje Dorje, 1973.
Klong-chen mdzod-bdun. Sde-dge edn. 6 vols. Gangtok: Sherab Gyaltsen and Khyentse Labrang,
1983. I-Tib 83-905058.
Bka'-brgyad bde-gshegs 'dus-pa'i chos-skor. Disc. Nyang-ral Nyi-ma 'od-zer. 13 vols. NNS 75-87 (1978). 1-Tib 78-905643. Several other versions of
GDKT
GGFTC
GOS GT GTKT
HBI
12 vols. Delhi: N. Lungtok and N. Gyaltsan, 1971. K. Potter, Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Vol. 1, Bibliography (rev. edn. ). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. References give the entry numbers for works cited.
Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Funda- mentals and History, Vol. 1, Bk. 1.
Rfiih ma'i rgyud bcu bdun. 3 vols. New Delhi: Sanje Dorje, 1973-7. I-Tib 73-906438.
Rgya-chen bka'-mdzod. Auth. 'Jam-mgon Kong- sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas. 20 vols. Paro: Ngodup, 1975. I(Bhu)-Tib 75-903141. The last four volumes (17-20) constitute the Store which Embraces All Knowledge (shes-bya kun-khyab mdzod), which does not, however, properly belong to GCKZ. For con- siderable information on Kong-sprul's writing, the reader is referred to D. Schuh, Tibetische Hand- schriften und Blockdrucke: Gesammelte Werken des Koh-sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas. Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, XI, VI. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1976. Rgyud-sde kun-btus. Compiled by 'Jam-dbyangs Blo-gter dbang-po. 30 vols. Delhi: N. Lungtok and N. Gyaltsan, 1971 onwards. I-Tib 70-919390. G. Dorje, The Guhyagarbhatattvaviniscayamahatan- tra and its XIVth Century Tibetan Commentary: Phyogs-bcu mun-sel. 3 vols. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. University of London, 1987.
Gaekwad's Oriental Series. Baroda: Oriental In- stitute.
T. V. Wylie, The Geography of Tibet according to the 'Dzam-gling rgyas-bshad. SOR 25 (1962). Sgrub-thabs kun-btus. Compiled by ,Jam-dbyangs Blo-gter dbang-po. 14 vols. Dehra Dun: G. T. Lodoy, N. Lungtok and N. Gyaltsan, 1970. I-TIb 70-912479. .
Gdams-ngag
mdzod. Store
o f
Precious
Instructions.
E. Lamotte, Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien. Biblio- KGDD theque du Museon, Vol. 43. Louvain: Publica-
tions Universitaires, 1958. English trans. S.
xviii Abbreviations
Abbreviations XIX
KGHP KGNZ
this cycle, which we have not referred to here, have been published in India and Bhutan, the most important of these being the Mtshams-brag manu- script in 13 vols. Paro: Ngodrup, 1979-80. I(Bhu)- Tib 79-903504.
A. Ferrari, mK'yen brtse's Guide to the Holy Places of Central Tibet. Ed. L. Petech. SOR 16 (1958). Bka'-brgyud sngags-mdzod. Compiled by 'Jam- mgon Kong-sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas. 8 vols . . Paro:
Dilgo Khyentsey Rinpoche, 1982. Bhu-Tlb. 82- 901827. An earlier edition of the same collectIon, which we have not consulted here, was published by SNGP in 6 volumes in 1974. I-Tib The addition of two volumes to the Paro edn. IS
explained by the inclusion of a version of a very rare VajrapaI). i cycle, WhICh, however, does not properly belong to the KGNZ.
Lo-chen gsung-'bum. Collected works of Smin-gliil Lo-chen Dharma-srI. 19 vols. Dehra Dun: D. G.
Khochhen Trulku, 1975. I-Tib 75-904278. Lithographic edition. Used in the case of certain
Tibetan works only.
Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. Dharam-
sala, HP.
Melanges Chinois et Bouddhiques. Institut Belge des
Hautes Etudes Chinoises, Brussels.
Mi-pham gsung-'bum. No complete edition of Mi- pham's works is yet available, nor was . ever published in Tibet. The most
edition was prepared in Sde-dge and IS stIll aVail- able. This has been partially reproduced in India: Collected Writings of 'Jam-mgon 'Ju Mi-pham- rgya-mtsho. 15 vols. NNS 60-74 (1972 onwards). I(Sik)-Tib 72-906838. In this bibliography MPSB will signify the latter edition. For much valuable
information on Mi-pham's writings, refer to D. Schuh, Tibetische Handschriften und Blockdrucke sowie Tonbandaufnahmen Tibetischer Erzahlungen. Teil 5. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1973, pp. 63-266. A new edition of collected works, incorporating all that IS avaIlable at. the
present time, has been under the dIrec- tion of Di1go Khyentsey Rmpoche: Sde-. dge par- ma. 25 vols. Paro: Dilgo Khyentsey Rmpoche,
1982-.
MTTWL P. Pfandt, Mahayana Texts Translated into Western Languages. Cologne: In Kommission bei E. J. Brill,
1983.
Mvt. Mahavyutpatti. Ed. R. Sakaki, Kyoto, 1916-25.
NA Not available. Used when the mass of evidence suggests that the text or teaching in question is
simply not extant at the present time.
NGB Rnying-ma'i rgyud-'bum.
Collected Tantras of the Nyingmapa. Thimpu: Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, 1973, 36 vols. Catalogue by E. Kaneko, Tokyo, 1982. The Sde-dge xylo. , which is still available,
has not been consulted here.
NL Not located. Used when there is not sufficient evi-
dence to apply the label NA, but we none the less have no certain knowledge of available editions or manuscripts.
NMKMG Rnying-ma bka'-ma rgyas-pa. Collected Transmitted Precepts of the Nyingmapa. Ed. Dudjom Rinpoche. 55 vols. Kalimpong, WB: Dubjung Lama, 1982.
I-Tib 82-900981. Vols. 21-55 consist of commen- tarial and other ancillary material newly incorpor- ated into the Bka'-ma collection by the editor. An earlier edition, to which we do not refer here, comprises 14 vols. : NNS 7-20 (1969 onwards). I(Sik)-Tib 71-908710.
NNS Ngagyur Nyingmay Sungrab. Published by Sonam T. Kazi, Gangtok, Sikkim.
NYZ Snying-thig ya-bzhi. Four-Part Innermost Spiritual- ity. 11 vols. New Delhi: Trulku Tsewang, Jamyang and L. Tashi, 1970. The Sde-dge xylo. , which is
still available, has not been consulted here.
P The Tibetan Tripitaka, Peking Edition. 168 vols. Tokyo-
Kyoto: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1955-61. PI. Plate. See Volume One, pp. xv-xxi.
PLTC Pad-gling gter-chos. The rediscovered teachings of the great Padma-gliil-pa. 22 vols. Thimphu: Kun-
sang Tobgay, 1975. I(Bhu)-Tib 75-903254.
PPCT K. Dowman, The Power Places of Central Tibet. LondonlNew York: Routledge and Kegan Paul,
1988.
PRS L. Lancaster (ed. ), Prajfiaparamita and Related
Systems. Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, Vol. 1.
Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1977.
Pub. Photo-mechanical publication. Used only of edi- tions which reproduce, by such means as photo-
LCSB
Litho. LTWA MCB
MPSB
xx Abbreviations
Abbreviations XXI
Redisc.
RL TC
RTD
SBE
SK
Skt. SNGP
SOR
SP SSS
STC
T
Taisho
TG
offset, older Tibetan manuscripts or xylographic editions, but omitted in connection with the Tibetan collections referred to by abbreviation (BMGD, CLTC, DZ, etc. ), which are all reproductions of this sort. Where no title is specified following "pub. " the work in question was published under the Tibetan title of the entry following which it is here listed.
"Rediscovered by": in the case of treasures that had been reconcealed after their original discovery (yang-gter) .
Rat-gling gter-chos. Collected rediscovered teach- ings of Ratna-glin-pa. 19 vols. Darjeeling: Tak1ung Tsetrul Perna Wangyal, 1977. I-Tib 77-901310. Rin-chen gter-mdzod. Store of Precious Treasure. 111 vols. Paro: Ngodrup and Sherap Drimey, 1976. Index compiled by Sik K. Yeshe Zangmo, 1984. F. Max Muller (ed. ), Sacred Books of the East. Oxford University Press. Reprinted, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Sa-skya bka'-'bum. The Complete Works of the Great Masters of the Sa Skya Pa Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. 15 vols. Tokyo: Tokyo Bunko, 1968.
Sanskrit
Sungrab Nyamso Gyunphel Parkhang. Palampur, HP: Tibetan Craft Community.
Serie Orientale Roma. Published by the Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Is. M. E. O. ).
Satapitaka Series. Sarasvati Vihar, New Delhi. Smanrtsis shesrig spendzod. Leh, Ladakh: S. W. Tashigangpa.
B. N. Aziz and M. Kapstein (eds. ), Soundings in Tibetan Civilization. New Delhi: Manohar, 1985.
A Complete Catalogue ofthe Tibetan Buddhist Canon.
(Tohoku University catalogue of the Sde-dge edition of the Canon. ) Ed. H. Ui et al. Sendai, 1934. Taisho shinshu daizokyo. J. Takakusu, K. Watana- be, et al. (eds. ), Tokyo: Taisho Issaikyo Kanko Kai, 1924-32. We refer to this, the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, only in those instances where the text in question is not available in either an Indic version or in Tibetan.
The Tibet Guide. Lhasa, Central Tibet and Tsang by S. Batchelor; Western Tibet by B. Beresford
TH
Tib. TMS
TSHR
TSWS TWB
TWPS
Xylo. ZGSB
and S. Jones; Eastern Tibet by G. Dorje. 2nd rev. edn. , Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991. Gyurme Dorje, Tibet Handbook. Chicago, Ill: Pass- port books: 1996, 1999,2002.
Tibetan
G. C. C. Chang (ed. ),ATreasury ofMahayana Sutras: Selections from the Maharatnakuta. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1983. M. Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (eds. ), Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1980.
Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series. Patna, Bihar: Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute.
Prof. Yensho Kanakure et al. (ed. ), A Catalogue of the Tohoku University Collection ofTibetan WOrks on Bud- dhism. Sendai: Tohoku Imperial University, 1953.
L. Chandra, Tibetan Works Printed by the Shopar- kang of the POlala. SP 38 (1959), pp. 120-32. Note that most of the texts listed herein are now avail- able again in Lhasa. Enquiries must be directed to the Dang'anju, which is the restored Lhol par- khang.
Xylographic edition.
Lhe-chen rgyal-lshab-kyi gsung-'bum. The collected works of Ze-chen Rgyal-tshab Padma rnam-rgyal. 18 vols. Paro: Ngodup, 1975 onwards. I(Bhu)-Tib 75-903143.
Notes
Note
On occasions when the translations in Books One and T. wo are cross-referenced a g a i n s t e a c h o t h e r , p a g e n u m b e r s a r e p r e c e d e d b y t h e s h o r t - t a l e o f r e l e v a n t b o o k , i. e. either Fundamentals or History. In cases where are gzven to passages within the same text, however, only the page numbers are .
Readers are referred to the Bibliography whenever full mformatlOn on pnmary and secondary sources does not appear in the relevant note.
FUNDAMENTALS: TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION
These and all subsequent enumerations are to be found in the Glossary
of Enumerations in Volume Two.
2 In this traditional enumeration, the antigods were not given a class
status distinct from that of the Four Great Kings (Caturmaharaja-
kayika).
3 Refer to pp. 162-9, where Madhyamaka philosophy is discussed.
4 These are explained on pp. 162-9.
5 For works of Sanskrit origin, wherever possible the formal Sanskrit
titles are given in parentheses at the first mention of each text. The English rendering, however, follows the Tibetan, which often refers to texts by secondary or abridged titles. Further details for all texts mentioned can be found in the first part of the Bibliography in Volume Two.
6 An asterisk (*) has been used to indicate hypothetical reconstructions of Sanskrit technical terms not presently documented in available Sanskrit texts. Please note, however, that although many Sanskrit personal and place names used in these translations are similarly hypothetical, an asterisk has not been used to indicate these for purely aesthetic reasons.
7 I. e. those works contained in his Collection of Eulogies (Stavakaya, T 1118-36).
8 The distinction between these views and their integration from the standpoint of experience are the subject-matter of Pt. 3.
9 See H. V. Guenther, Buddhist Philosophy in Theory and Practice.
FUNDAMENTALS: PART ONE
10 I. e. Vajradhara of 044iyana, a form of the great master Padmasam- bhava; see History, pp. 468-74,512-20 and 533-7.
11 See History, Pt. 3.
12 Lokesvara or Lokanatha ('jig-rten-gyi mgon-po) is more commonly
known as Avalokitesvara (spyan-ras-gzigs-kyi dbang-phyug). He is the bodhisattva who protects Tibet and whose blessing is said to have given rise to the Tibetan race. See History, p. 510.
1 Fundamentals
4 Notes
Fundamentals: Part One 5
31 The vehicle of Brahma (tshangs-pa'i theg-pa) surpasses the vehicle of
gods and humans because it reaches the summit of cyclical existence,
as described below.
32 The summit of existence refers to the highest possible mode of being
within cyclical existence or samsara. It is contrasted with the nirvana of the buddha levels. . .
33 These four formless absorptions are said to be endowed with the four nominal or mental components, but not the component of form.
34 See History, p. 688.
35 LIlavajra's brief biography is given in the History, pp. 463-4.
H. Scharfe, Grammatical Literature. HIL Vol. 5, fascicule 2 (1977).
E. Gerow, Indian Poetics. HIL Vol. 5, fascicule 3 (1977).
C. Vogel, Indian Lexicography. HIL Vol. 5, fasci- cule 4 (1979).
B. K. Matilal, Nyaya-Vaisqika. HIL Vol. 6, fasci- cule 2 (1977).
D. Pingree, Astral and Mathematical Literature. HIL Vol. 6, fascicule 4 (1981).
D. S. Ruegg, The Literature of the Madhyamaka
School of Philosophy in India. HIL Vol. 7, fascicule 1 (1981).
D. Zbavitel, Bengali Literature. HIL Vol. 9, fasci- cule 3 (1976).
Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Funda- mentals and History, Vol. 1, Bk. 2.
Harvard Oriental Series. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Journal of Indian Philosophy.
'Jigs-med gling-pa'i gsung-'bum. The collected works of Kun-mkhyen 'Jigs-med-glin-pa. 9 vols. NNS
29-37 (1970 onwards). I(Sik)-Tib 74-917093. The
Sde-dge xylo. , which is still available, has not been consulted here.
'Ja'-tshon pod-drug. Disc. 'Ja'-tshon snying-po. 7 vols. Darjeeling: Taklung Tsetrul Perna Wangyal, 1979-82. I-Tib 79-905783.
Klong-chen gsung thor-bu. Miscellaneous Writings of Kun-mkhyen Klon-chen-pa Dri-med 'od-zer. 2 vols. Delhi: Sanje Dorje, 1973.
Klong-chen mdzod-bdun. Sde-dge edn. 6 vols. Gangtok: Sherab Gyaltsen and Khyentse Labrang,
1983. I-Tib 83-905058.
Bka'-brgyad bde-gshegs 'dus-pa'i chos-skor. Disc. Nyang-ral Nyi-ma 'od-zer. 13 vols. NNS 75-87 (1978). 1-Tib 78-905643. Several other versions of
GDKT
GGFTC
GOS GT GTKT
HBI
12 vols. Delhi: N. Lungtok and N. Gyaltsan, 1971. K. Potter, Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies. Vol. 1, Bibliography (rev. edn. ). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983. References give the entry numbers for works cited.
Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Funda- mentals and History, Vol. 1, Bk. 1.
Rfiih ma'i rgyud bcu bdun. 3 vols. New Delhi: Sanje Dorje, 1973-7. I-Tib 73-906438.
Rgya-chen bka'-mdzod. Auth. 'Jam-mgon Kong- sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas. 20 vols. Paro: Ngodup, 1975. I(Bhu)-Tib 75-903141. The last four volumes (17-20) constitute the Store which Embraces All Knowledge (shes-bya kun-khyab mdzod), which does not, however, properly belong to GCKZ. For con- siderable information on Kong-sprul's writing, the reader is referred to D. Schuh, Tibetische Hand- schriften und Blockdrucke: Gesammelte Werken des Koh-sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas. Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, XI, VI. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1976. Rgyud-sde kun-btus. Compiled by 'Jam-dbyangs Blo-gter dbang-po. 30 vols. Delhi: N. Lungtok and N. Gyaltsan, 1971 onwards. I-Tib 70-919390. G. Dorje, The Guhyagarbhatattvaviniscayamahatan- tra and its XIVth Century Tibetan Commentary: Phyogs-bcu mun-sel. 3 vols. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. University of London, 1987.
Gaekwad's Oriental Series. Baroda: Oriental In- stitute.
T. V. Wylie, The Geography of Tibet according to the 'Dzam-gling rgyas-bshad. SOR 25 (1962). Sgrub-thabs kun-btus. Compiled by ,Jam-dbyangs Blo-gter dbang-po. 14 vols. Dehra Dun: G. T. Lodoy, N. Lungtok and N. Gyaltsan, 1970. I-TIb 70-912479. .
Gdams-ngag
mdzod. Store
o f
Precious
Instructions.
E. Lamotte, Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien. Biblio- KGDD theque du Museon, Vol. 43. Louvain: Publica-
tions Universitaires, 1958. English trans. S.
xviii Abbreviations
Abbreviations XIX
KGHP KGNZ
this cycle, which we have not referred to here, have been published in India and Bhutan, the most important of these being the Mtshams-brag manu- script in 13 vols. Paro: Ngodrup, 1979-80. I(Bhu)- Tib 79-903504.
A. Ferrari, mK'yen brtse's Guide to the Holy Places of Central Tibet. Ed. L. Petech. SOR 16 (1958). Bka'-brgyud sngags-mdzod. Compiled by 'Jam- mgon Kong-sprul Blo-gros mtha'-yas. 8 vols . . Paro:
Dilgo Khyentsey Rinpoche, 1982. Bhu-Tlb. 82- 901827. An earlier edition of the same collectIon, which we have not consulted here, was published by SNGP in 6 volumes in 1974. I-Tib The addition of two volumes to the Paro edn. IS
explained by the inclusion of a version of a very rare VajrapaI). i cycle, WhICh, however, does not properly belong to the KGNZ.
Lo-chen gsung-'bum. Collected works of Smin-gliil Lo-chen Dharma-srI. 19 vols. Dehra Dun: D. G.
Khochhen Trulku, 1975. I-Tib 75-904278. Lithographic edition. Used in the case of certain
Tibetan works only.
Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. Dharam-
sala, HP.
Melanges Chinois et Bouddhiques. Institut Belge des
Hautes Etudes Chinoises, Brussels.
Mi-pham gsung-'bum. No complete edition of Mi- pham's works is yet available, nor was . ever published in Tibet. The most
edition was prepared in Sde-dge and IS stIll aVail- able. This has been partially reproduced in India: Collected Writings of 'Jam-mgon 'Ju Mi-pham- rgya-mtsho. 15 vols. NNS 60-74 (1972 onwards). I(Sik)-Tib 72-906838. In this bibliography MPSB will signify the latter edition. For much valuable
information on Mi-pham's writings, refer to D. Schuh, Tibetische Handschriften und Blockdrucke sowie Tonbandaufnahmen Tibetischer Erzahlungen. Teil 5. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1973, pp. 63-266. A new edition of collected works, incorporating all that IS avaIlable at. the
present time, has been under the dIrec- tion of Di1go Khyentsey Rmpoche: Sde-. dge par- ma. 25 vols. Paro: Dilgo Khyentsey Rmpoche,
1982-.
MTTWL P. Pfandt, Mahayana Texts Translated into Western Languages. Cologne: In Kommission bei E. J. Brill,
1983.
Mvt. Mahavyutpatti. Ed. R. Sakaki, Kyoto, 1916-25.
NA Not available. Used when the mass of evidence suggests that the text or teaching in question is
simply not extant at the present time.
NGB Rnying-ma'i rgyud-'bum.
Collected Tantras of the Nyingmapa. Thimpu: Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, 1973, 36 vols. Catalogue by E. Kaneko, Tokyo, 1982. The Sde-dge xylo. , which is still available,
has not been consulted here.
NL Not located. Used when there is not sufficient evi-
dence to apply the label NA, but we none the less have no certain knowledge of available editions or manuscripts.
NMKMG Rnying-ma bka'-ma rgyas-pa. Collected Transmitted Precepts of the Nyingmapa. Ed. Dudjom Rinpoche. 55 vols. Kalimpong, WB: Dubjung Lama, 1982.
I-Tib 82-900981. Vols. 21-55 consist of commen- tarial and other ancillary material newly incorpor- ated into the Bka'-ma collection by the editor. An earlier edition, to which we do not refer here, comprises 14 vols. : NNS 7-20 (1969 onwards). I(Sik)-Tib 71-908710.
NNS Ngagyur Nyingmay Sungrab. Published by Sonam T. Kazi, Gangtok, Sikkim.
NYZ Snying-thig ya-bzhi. Four-Part Innermost Spiritual- ity. 11 vols. New Delhi: Trulku Tsewang, Jamyang and L. Tashi, 1970. The Sde-dge xylo. , which is
still available, has not been consulted here.
P The Tibetan Tripitaka, Peking Edition. 168 vols. Tokyo-
Kyoto: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1955-61. PI. Plate. See Volume One, pp. xv-xxi.
PLTC Pad-gling gter-chos. The rediscovered teachings of the great Padma-gliil-pa. 22 vols. Thimphu: Kun-
sang Tobgay, 1975. I(Bhu)-Tib 75-903254.
PPCT K. Dowman, The Power Places of Central Tibet. LondonlNew York: Routledge and Kegan Paul,
1988.
PRS L. Lancaster (ed. ), Prajfiaparamita and Related
Systems. Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, Vol. 1.
Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1977.
Pub. Photo-mechanical publication. Used only of edi- tions which reproduce, by such means as photo-
LCSB
Litho. LTWA MCB
MPSB
xx Abbreviations
Abbreviations XXI
Redisc.
RL TC
RTD
SBE
SK
Skt. SNGP
SOR
SP SSS
STC
T
Taisho
TG
offset, older Tibetan manuscripts or xylographic editions, but omitted in connection with the Tibetan collections referred to by abbreviation (BMGD, CLTC, DZ, etc. ), which are all reproductions of this sort. Where no title is specified following "pub. " the work in question was published under the Tibetan title of the entry following which it is here listed.
"Rediscovered by": in the case of treasures that had been reconcealed after their original discovery (yang-gter) .
Rat-gling gter-chos. Collected rediscovered teach- ings of Ratna-glin-pa. 19 vols. Darjeeling: Tak1ung Tsetrul Perna Wangyal, 1977. I-Tib 77-901310. Rin-chen gter-mdzod. Store of Precious Treasure. 111 vols. Paro: Ngodrup and Sherap Drimey, 1976. Index compiled by Sik K. Yeshe Zangmo, 1984. F. Max Muller (ed. ), Sacred Books of the East. Oxford University Press. Reprinted, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
Sa-skya bka'-'bum. The Complete Works of the Great Masters of the Sa Skya Pa Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. 15 vols. Tokyo: Tokyo Bunko, 1968.
Sanskrit
Sungrab Nyamso Gyunphel Parkhang. Palampur, HP: Tibetan Craft Community.
Serie Orientale Roma. Published by the Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Is. M. E. O. ).
Satapitaka Series. Sarasvati Vihar, New Delhi. Smanrtsis shesrig spendzod. Leh, Ladakh: S. W. Tashigangpa.
B. N. Aziz and M. Kapstein (eds. ), Soundings in Tibetan Civilization. New Delhi: Manohar, 1985.
A Complete Catalogue ofthe Tibetan Buddhist Canon.
(Tohoku University catalogue of the Sde-dge edition of the Canon. ) Ed. H. Ui et al. Sendai, 1934. Taisho shinshu daizokyo. J. Takakusu, K. Watana- be, et al. (eds. ), Tokyo: Taisho Issaikyo Kanko Kai, 1924-32. We refer to this, the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, only in those instances where the text in question is not available in either an Indic version or in Tibetan.
The Tibet Guide. Lhasa, Central Tibet and Tsang by S. Batchelor; Western Tibet by B. Beresford
TH
Tib. TMS
TSHR
TSWS TWB
TWPS
Xylo. ZGSB
and S. Jones; Eastern Tibet by G. Dorje. 2nd rev. edn. , Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991. Gyurme Dorje, Tibet Handbook. Chicago, Ill: Pass- port books: 1996, 1999,2002.
Tibetan
G. C. C. Chang (ed. ),ATreasury ofMahayana Sutras: Selections from the Maharatnakuta. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1983. M. Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (eds. ), Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1980.
Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series. Patna, Bihar: Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute.
Prof. Yensho Kanakure et al. (ed. ), A Catalogue of the Tohoku University Collection ofTibetan WOrks on Bud- dhism. Sendai: Tohoku Imperial University, 1953.
L. Chandra, Tibetan Works Printed by the Shopar- kang of the POlala. SP 38 (1959), pp. 120-32. Note that most of the texts listed herein are now avail- able again in Lhasa. Enquiries must be directed to the Dang'anju, which is the restored Lhol par- khang.
Xylographic edition.
Lhe-chen rgyal-lshab-kyi gsung-'bum. The collected works of Ze-chen Rgyal-tshab Padma rnam-rgyal. 18 vols. Paro: Ngodup, 1975 onwards. I(Bhu)-Tib 75-903143.
Notes
Note
On occasions when the translations in Books One and T. wo are cross-referenced a g a i n s t e a c h o t h e r , p a g e n u m b e r s a r e p r e c e d e d b y t h e s h o r t - t a l e o f r e l e v a n t b o o k , i. e. either Fundamentals or History. In cases where are gzven to passages within the same text, however, only the page numbers are .
Readers are referred to the Bibliography whenever full mformatlOn on pnmary and secondary sources does not appear in the relevant note.
FUNDAMENTALS: TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION
These and all subsequent enumerations are to be found in the Glossary
of Enumerations in Volume Two.
2 In this traditional enumeration, the antigods were not given a class
status distinct from that of the Four Great Kings (Caturmaharaja-
kayika).
3 Refer to pp. 162-9, where Madhyamaka philosophy is discussed.
4 These are explained on pp. 162-9.
5 For works of Sanskrit origin, wherever possible the formal Sanskrit
titles are given in parentheses at the first mention of each text. The English rendering, however, follows the Tibetan, which often refers to texts by secondary or abridged titles. Further details for all texts mentioned can be found in the first part of the Bibliography in Volume Two.
6 An asterisk (*) has been used to indicate hypothetical reconstructions of Sanskrit technical terms not presently documented in available Sanskrit texts. Please note, however, that although many Sanskrit personal and place names used in these translations are similarly hypothetical, an asterisk has not been used to indicate these for purely aesthetic reasons.
7 I. e. those works contained in his Collection of Eulogies (Stavakaya, T 1118-36).
8 The distinction between these views and their integration from the standpoint of experience are the subject-matter of Pt. 3.
9 See H. V. Guenther, Buddhist Philosophy in Theory and Practice.
FUNDAMENTALS: PART ONE
10 I. e. Vajradhara of 044iyana, a form of the great master Padmasam- bhava; see History, pp. 468-74,512-20 and 533-7.
11 See History, Pt. 3.
12 Lokesvara or Lokanatha ('jig-rten-gyi mgon-po) is more commonly
known as Avalokitesvara (spyan-ras-gzigs-kyi dbang-phyug). He is the bodhisattva who protects Tibet and whose blessing is said to have given rise to the Tibetan race. See History, p. 510.
1 Fundamentals
4 Notes
Fundamentals: Part One 5
31 The vehicle of Brahma (tshangs-pa'i theg-pa) surpasses the vehicle of
gods and humans because it reaches the summit of cyclical existence,
as described below.
32 The summit of existence refers to the highest possible mode of being
within cyclical existence or samsara. It is contrasted with the nirvana of the buddha levels. . .
33 These four formless absorptions are said to be endowed with the four nominal or mental components, but not the component of form.
34 See History, p. 688.
35 LIlavajra's brief biography is given in the History, pp. 463-4.
