to a condtUion with a prayer,
apparently
said surtl.
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
-aI narn,.
.
,; on bini!
, death, and growth, on health and di.
!
caac.
'
AI this point it would be u wdl to demomtn. tc bow J oyce pUll Klme of the abo. . . . : cyclic i<k. . . 10 work in organising an individual chapter. The fullowing i. an anal)"lis of IlL,. Ihe fint and moJt immediately acc"';ble ofShalln', 'four watch"" of the night'. Its Itructure, mainly Vic:nnian but incorporaling
a silenl . . . ndhi, i. a the pro~ for many other (hapten. PRELUDE
The opening paragraphs form a ,hart p~ludc which recalh ,he four-pat. agraph OVerture at Ihe bo. ginning of FiM#&"'" IVIZ. b.
, S. . Coo>oordan<e.
, H. P. IIlav. . . . . y, 'n. . Sol. . . lH<triM,. voIt. , rain. Lorna, Calif. , '9011, vd. IT, p. 73.
"
? Age iii
(40PO -{'{. '{):
heroic
begin-
Cyclic Form
CYCLE I
Age i (fOS. ,6-{"S. oS): D<:scription <If Shalln as 'a picru,. . , primitive'; he does not 'p"u (fint
\'ironian Age).
A"" ii (f05. 04-{07. "9): Shaun ha, become a H~r"Q-'Bel <If
Ikam Walk'; ,here i. I an allusion 10 the heroic ,laying <If the Jabkr. wock and an elllenaining Raklai-
,jan description <If Shaun',
eating habits.
Introdllced by 'Ov. :rture and
nen'; this is the beginning Human Age, in which the god, can app"af only in dramatic rep"",enta- tion on a stage; Shann hal become
a popular rep~nlaliv<'-'vote of Ihe Irish'; the woro 'Amen' bring,
In an end the group of tIt",e Age. forming the main part of thi, first Viconian cycle.
~ iv (4'4? '4-. P 4. 18): A ,hort TUorsO brings ill back to tIte thwcralic Age with the introduc-
tion 10 the Fable. THU,", OER ( 4 I . p 9 )
CYCLE II
Age i (414. '2-4'9. ro): 'The Ondt and the Gracehoper' (Fable;" a charac:leri,tic of Vioo'. Ii",t ~ ) ; thwcracy is well to the fore Mnce a large I1umkr of Greek and Egyptian gods p. . . . ide over
this section; it . "nc\ud"" wilh
'Allmen'.
Age ii (419. 11-42'. 14): The qu""tion 'Now~' lead, U! into a
f""h 'exploolion', Ihi, time <If the 'Letter', which ;" an e"edlen!
58
of the
? Cyclic Form
~xample of 'extreme verbal scrupu_
loum. . . ' and of'taking pre<:aUliom by the u'"' ofcenain proper word,';
the s<<tion end. . at'Stop',
Age iii (~Q! 'I 5-oj. ~-l-(3): Vico', 'vulgar spetth'- the 's1anguag<"
of Shcm--io both used and dio- euucd; tbe section end. with 'Ex.
Ex. Ex. E>:. '
Age iv (4~P 4-i~4'~O) : A riam. rai"", the question of why
Age i
Shaun revile> Shern. As this is one of the moot basic questions in the book, . . di. cn#ion of it mmt entail a rehearsal of the whole cycLe, 1:. . _ ginning with the thunderbolt.
TReND"" (424. 20) CYCLE 1Il
(42,P3-425. 03) : Shaun I>oldJ fonh from his 'Kingdom ofHu. ven'.
Age ii (425. 04- 426. 04): Begins with 'Still'; Shaun docend. from Heaven, is incamated-
'muttermdk of his blood donor beginning to wark'-and then . peak> . . . . a prophet (Mohammed with 'immenue! UQeS').
Ag. . iii (426. 05;27. 08): }kgins with a lr. . rui! ionofShaun from prophet to commOn man- 'pug;_ liler? . ? broke down. . . o,""r_ powered by hinuelfwith ~ of thc tearailver . . . ? Iob of the world
. . ? load. of fC"llng in him. . . fruhfallen calef; the ""ction end. as Shann vanishClo in death: 'vanes-
shed, ? . Ah, mean! '
Age iv (427. <>9-427. I4): R~? TS. q quiet interlude or nocturne,
leading into the SILENCE (427-'! "l-I6)
"
? Cyclic Fonn
"The ,ilent paute which open. Cycle IV il particularly inu. resting:
'And the tamp went out a. it couldn't glow on burning, yep the Imp wnt out fOr it couldn't ltay aUght'.
Shaun', 'belted lamp', which lights him through the obscuriti. . of the midnight dream, is nlingu;'hed '" he 'dies', (Th;' im_ portant symbolic lamp . . ,ems to o,',e somelhing to the lightJ ,aid to be used by spirits to guide them on their way hack to their old home. <. ') joyce amusingly illusttau. , the ntingui. hing of the ligbt in the '. ;Ieneing' of the wcrds 'lamp' and 'wen! ' (by the excUion of their vowels). The rhythm of the ,entence ;. based on Ihat of thc song 'Ca. cy jon. ,',' which h", already appeared in FimugallJ Wakt, towar-d the end of the television
cpL. ode (349. 35); it i, ';gnificant that th;. cadicr nceurrence of the song i, in the immediate vicinity of an amu. ing pa,. . ,. ge d. . . ribiog the momentary black-out of tho televilion oereen, whcnjoycc uoe, the ,arne device ofexci' ing the v<>web (349. ~6)? . The residual word 'Imp' h. . "- furthor and more profound ,ignilican? ? in thi, context, however, for 'LMP' i. the commonly accepted gynaecological abbreviation fur 'but menstrual period'. InU' the \ran,ition from the old age to the new i. ,hifted from the levd <>fwon:U and mechanico to that ofhuman- ity- a 'cycle' is over," birth;' to COme. 11. i. inLimate feminine touch is a filrcwarning of tI,,: I. . . . t sad occaJion OIl which Anna Livia will flow out to sea, prior 10 the rebirth of the g<>d.
After the Silence with which it hegan, Cycle IV brinS' II! . !
to a condtUion with a prayer, apparently said surtl. o, to Shaun the god-figure, who i. 10 be resurrected in Ihe next chapter. A
, S;,- Jonl<> h . . ",. , Tk GoUt. Boq~, abridg<<! ""n. , Lond"", '9>4, p. 374?
, S. . M. J. C. H",~" . . nd M. p. W<)rth;"lfi"", ~ "' 1M W. . . ks tf J - . . " J ' 7 ' " X < w Y O l k , '9~. p . ' ] 7 .
? for tom< <<n""'. . . . . . "" the we of. . ,. ,. ~ ;n F. . . . l"'" W. . . , '" bd<. w. I'_'~I,
60
? Cyclic Form
num~r of phra. <e> in thi, TU;"". oeTVe to tie together the begin_ ning and end of the chapteT: Shaun, passing from nin;ana to rebirth, ;" identified all the ' p"ctre we . . . . w in the Prelude-- 'Spickspookspokesman ofOUTapectur~uc rilcnooume,,'_and there is an allusion to the opening litany of beU. -'n. d,"e o'dock scholars'. A long ocTi. ,. of further correspondences be_ tween ! hi! beautiful P'Wag<: and Book IV gear the minor cycle of the cbapter even more closely 10 tbe greal cycle of F;. "'gans
1V4k(. Some of the,e correspondences are ",t out below: III. 1 >V
thou art paW-ng hene<: . loth to lea""
~oofi
allliclcdly fond Fuinn feelt we miM your smile
Sirdand calls you yougander, only onG<: more
they are becoming lothed to me . . . I'm loothing them Ihat', here and all I lothe . . "I am pa"ing out (627. [7- 34)
So oft (620. 15)
t";"'t we fed. Tben we rall
(627. 11)
T hey'll never see. Nor know.
Nor rru. . me (627. 35) Far call. (628. 13)
Onelwo moremeru more. Finn, again! (628. 05, [4)
moyles and moyl", ofit (&. 18. 03) let her rain for my time is come
(627. 12)
Moylendsea Ihe rain for
tances
fresh
remil_
On an earlier occ3J! ;on Anna Livia wao Sttn to w"at" 'tram_ tokens in her hair' (194-31), and Shaun abo, we now karn, ;" covere<l in 'tramplhickeu', It is apparent thaI Joye<: is estab- lishing a general cor. . . . pondence not only hctwttn llook IV and the end of Ili. 1 but more particulaTly between Shann hinudf and Anna, who represent the oppoud pTincipla of youth and age, male and female, extrovert and introveTt: 'when the natural morning of your nocturne blankmeTgcJ into the national
morning of golden ",nup'.
,.
? ? ? ? M AJOIl
VIOOSIA. 'I CVCU. l
C)cli' Fl)1'm
II: COUNTERPOINT (flb. :U)
mavaGley is careful to point out in fro U-rJd lbat DO one
I}'1lcm of cycln is ~
at the lime time and lbat ~ral C}'<'ICi ofdiff<:ring k ngth and character may be functioning contemporantoU$ly in divcr~nt c u[turtl. ' T he kind ot cyclic counterpoin t he,. . , impliw. ;,. b alic Inthe. tructu,. . ,ofFiJultt~1U W~kt. IthasalreadybttnnQlicw. that wilbin the thrtt Viconian Ages of Books I, II, and Ill,
rily held to embn(X all of mankind
J oyoe allows four IOur-dt. o. pler cydea to develop. ' A detail which doe! . notyelXCIIItohavebeennoticed,~,itlbeim.
plicit identification of thc:oe four cyclCI with the IOu. cl. . . Ka. 1 clemcnu:
(Birth) . . . . . . . . . .
Book II (Maniage) . . . ? . ? 3. II- Male and female;
Book!
BookIII(Death). . . . . . . . . of. JII- Malecycle;Shaun. . Earwicker'. . pirit ;
=
Together with the sandhi ofBook tV, the Lesser Cyclr. s d e. . rly mueupa fou? ? plus-onequasi? lndian pros"""whichJoyceh. . tountcrpoinlC<! against the thue. plur-<>ne Vi. . . ",ian or. hcl1'\(. By tqueczi"l four cycICi into three Joyoe is, to to 'p<. k, ""per- imptlli" l a tqua,. . , on a triangk and 10 constructing AristOtle's I)'lIlboi lOr the bOOy and I0Il1 unifocd in a singll: being. The implication IUIDI to be that in Fi_ptU W. . u"'" may fiD<l a complete and balanced cos""," in which spirit informs and
, IN U. . . ;Jn. vol. I, pp. 6. '9-4.
I W. Y. Tindall, J. -,J_, London, 1950, p. 7'; 1'. 1I. Hig i_
JOJd" R". . . . . . . ofF_,. . .
AI this point it would be u wdl to demomtn. tc bow J oyce pUll Klme of the abo. . . . : cyclic i<k. . . 10 work in organising an individual chapter. The fullowing i. an anal)"lis of IlL,. Ihe fint and moJt immediately acc"';ble ofShalln', 'four watch"" of the night'. Its Itructure, mainly Vic:nnian but incorporaling
a silenl . . . ndhi, i. a the pro~ for many other (hapten. PRELUDE
The opening paragraphs form a ,hart p~ludc which recalh ,he four-pat. agraph OVerture at Ihe bo. ginning of FiM#&"'" IVIZ. b.
, S. . Coo>oordan<e.
, H. P. IIlav. . . . . y, 'n. . Sol. . . lH<triM,. voIt. , rain. Lorna, Calif. , '9011, vd. IT, p. 73.
"
? Age iii
(40PO -{'{. '{):
heroic
begin-
Cyclic Form
CYCLE I
Age i (fOS. ,6-{"S. oS): D<:scription <If Shalln as 'a picru,. . , primitive'; he does not 'p"u (fint
\'ironian Age).
A"" ii (f05. 04-{07. "9): Shaun ha, become a H~r"Q-'Bel <If
Ikam Walk'; ,here i. I an allusion 10 the heroic ,laying <If the Jabkr. wock and an elllenaining Raklai-
,jan description <If Shaun',
eating habits.
Introdllced by 'Ov. :rture and
nen'; this is the beginning Human Age, in which the god, can app"af only in dramatic rep"",enta- tion on a stage; Shann hal become
a popular rep~nlaliv<'-'vote of Ihe Irish'; the woro 'Amen' bring,
In an end the group of tIt",e Age. forming the main part of thi, first Viconian cycle.
~ iv (4'4? '4-. P 4. 18): A ,hort TUorsO brings ill back to tIte thwcralic Age with the introduc-
tion 10 the Fable. THU,", OER ( 4 I . p 9 )
CYCLE II
Age i (414. '2-4'9. ro): 'The Ondt and the Gracehoper' (Fable;" a charac:leri,tic of Vioo'. Ii",t ~ ) ; thwcracy is well to the fore Mnce a large I1umkr of Greek and Egyptian gods p. . . . ide over
this section; it . "nc\ud"" wilh
'Allmen'.
Age ii (419. 11-42'. 14): The qu""tion 'Now~' lead, U! into a
f""h 'exploolion', Ihi, time <If the 'Letter', which ;" an e"edlen!
58
of the
? Cyclic Form
~xample of 'extreme verbal scrupu_
loum. . . ' and of'taking pre<:aUliom by the u'"' ofcenain proper word,';
the s<<tion end. . at'Stop',
Age iii (~Q! 'I 5-oj. ~-l-(3): Vico', 'vulgar spetth'- the 's1anguag<"
of Shcm--io both used and dio- euucd; tbe section end. with 'Ex.
Ex. Ex. E>:. '
Age iv (4~P 4-i~4'~O) : A riam. rai"", the question of why
Age i
Shaun revile> Shern. As this is one of the moot basic questions in the book, . . di. cn#ion of it mmt entail a rehearsal of the whole cycLe, 1:. . _ ginning with the thunderbolt.
TReND"" (424. 20) CYCLE 1Il
(42,P3-425. 03) : Shaun I>oldJ fonh from his 'Kingdom ofHu. ven'.
Age ii (425. 04- 426. 04): Begins with 'Still'; Shaun docend. from Heaven, is incamated-
'muttermdk of his blood donor beginning to wark'-and then . peak> . . . . a prophet (Mohammed with 'immenue! UQeS').
Ag. . iii (426. 05;27. 08): }kgins with a lr. . rui! ionofShaun from prophet to commOn man- 'pug;_ liler? . ? broke down. . . o,""r_ powered by hinuelfwith ~ of thc tearailver . . . ? Iob of the world
. . ? load. of fC"llng in him. . . fruhfallen calef; the ""ction end. as Shann vanishClo in death: 'vanes-
shed, ? . Ah, mean! '
Age iv (427. <>9-427. I4): R~? TS. q quiet interlude or nocturne,
leading into the SILENCE (427-'! "l-I6)
"
? Cyclic Fonn
"The ,ilent paute which open. Cycle IV il particularly inu. resting:
'And the tamp went out a. it couldn't glow on burning, yep the Imp wnt out fOr it couldn't ltay aUght'.
Shaun', 'belted lamp', which lights him through the obscuriti. . of the midnight dream, is nlingu;'hed '" he 'dies', (Th;' im_ portant symbolic lamp . . ,ems to o,',e somelhing to the lightJ ,aid to be used by spirits to guide them on their way hack to their old home. <. ') joyce amusingly illusttau. , the ntingui. hing of the ligbt in the '. ;Ieneing' of the wcrds 'lamp' and 'wen! ' (by the excUion of their vowels). The rhythm of the ,entence ;. based on Ihat of thc song 'Ca. cy jon. ,',' which h", already appeared in FimugallJ Wakt, towar-d the end of the television
cpL. ode (349. 35); it i, ';gnificant that th;. cadicr nceurrence of the song i, in the immediate vicinity of an amu. ing pa,. . ,. ge d. . . ribiog the momentary black-out of tho televilion oereen, whcnjoycc uoe, the ,arne device ofexci' ing the v<>web (349. ~6)? . The residual word 'Imp' h. . "- furthor and more profound ,ignilican? ? in thi, context, however, for 'LMP' i. the commonly accepted gynaecological abbreviation fur 'but menstrual period'. InU' the \ran,ition from the old age to the new i. ,hifted from the levd <>fwon:U and mechanico to that ofhuman- ity- a 'cycle' is over," birth;' to COme. 11. i. inLimate feminine touch is a filrcwarning of tI,,: I. . . . t sad occaJion OIl which Anna Livia will flow out to sea, prior 10 the rebirth of the g<>d.
After the Silence with which it hegan, Cycle IV brinS' II! . !
to a condtUion with a prayer, apparently said surtl. o, to Shaun the god-figure, who i. 10 be resurrected in Ihe next chapter. A
, S;,- Jonl<> h . . ",. , Tk GoUt. Boq~, abridg<<! ""n. , Lond"", '9>4, p. 374?
, S. . M. J. C. H",~" . . nd M. p. W<)rth;"lfi"", ~ "' 1M W. . . ks tf J - . . " J ' 7 ' " X < w Y O l k , '9~. p . ' ] 7 .
? for tom< <<n""'. . . . . . "" the we of. . ,. ,. ~ ;n F. . . . l"'" W. . . , '" bd<. w. I'_'~I,
60
? Cyclic Form
num~r of phra. <e> in thi, TU;"". oeTVe to tie together the begin_ ning and end of the chapteT: Shaun, passing from nin;ana to rebirth, ;" identified all the ' p"ctre we . . . . w in the Prelude-- 'Spickspookspokesman ofOUTapectur~uc rilcnooume,,'_and there is an allusion to the opening litany of beU. -'n. d,"e o'dock scholars'. A long ocTi. ,. of further correspondences be_ tween ! hi! beautiful P'Wag<: and Book IV gear the minor cycle of the cbapter even more closely 10 tbe greal cycle of F;. "'gans
1V4k(. Some of the,e correspondences are ",t out below: III. 1 >V
thou art paW-ng hene<: . loth to lea""
~oofi
allliclcdly fond Fuinn feelt we miM your smile
Sirdand calls you yougander, only onG<: more
they are becoming lothed to me . . . I'm loothing them Ihat', here and all I lothe . . "I am pa"ing out (627. [7- 34)
So oft (620. 15)
t";"'t we fed. Tben we rall
(627. 11)
T hey'll never see. Nor know.
Nor rru. . me (627. 35) Far call. (628. 13)
Onelwo moremeru more. Finn, again! (628. 05, [4)
moyles and moyl", ofit (&. 18. 03) let her rain for my time is come
(627. 12)
Moylendsea Ihe rain for
tances
fresh
remil_
On an earlier occ3J! ;on Anna Livia wao Sttn to w"at" 'tram_ tokens in her hair' (194-31), and Shaun abo, we now karn, ;" covere<l in 'tramplhickeu', It is apparent thaI Joye<: is estab- lishing a general cor. . . . pondence not only hctwttn llook IV and the end of Ili. 1 but more particulaTly between Shann hinudf and Anna, who represent the oppoud pTincipla of youth and age, male and female, extrovert and introveTt: 'when the natural morning of your nocturne blankmeTgcJ into the national
morning of golden ",nup'.
,.
? ? ? ? M AJOIl
VIOOSIA. 'I CVCU. l
C)cli' Fl)1'm
II: COUNTERPOINT (flb. :U)
mavaGley is careful to point out in fro U-rJd lbat DO one
I}'1lcm of cycln is ~
at the lime time and lbat ~ral C}'<'ICi ofdiff<:ring k ngth and character may be functioning contemporantoU$ly in divcr~nt c u[turtl. ' T he kind ot cyclic counterpoin t he,. . , impliw. ;,. b alic Inthe. tructu,. . ,ofFiJultt~1U W~kt. IthasalreadybttnnQlicw. that wilbin the thrtt Viconian Ages of Books I, II, and Ill,
rily held to embn(X all of mankind
J oyoe allows four IOur-dt. o. pler cydea to develop. ' A detail which doe! . notyelXCIIItohavebeennoticed,~,itlbeim.
plicit identification of thc:oe four cyclCI with the IOu. cl. . . Ka. 1 clemcnu:
(Birth) . . . . . . . . . .
Book II (Maniage) . . . ? . ? 3. II- Male and female;
Book!
BookIII(Death). . . . . . . . . of. JII- Malecycle;Shaun. . Earwicker'. . pirit ;
=
Together with the sandhi ofBook tV, the Lesser Cyclr. s d e. . rly mueupa fou? ? plus-onequasi? lndian pros"""whichJoyceh. . tountcrpoinlC<! against the thue. plur-<>ne Vi. . . ",ian or. hcl1'\(. By tqueczi"l four cycICi into three Joyoe is, to to 'p<. k, ""per- imptlli" l a tqua,. . , on a triangk and 10 constructing AristOtle's I)'lIlboi lOr the bOOy and I0Il1 unifocd in a singll: being. The implication IUIDI to be that in Fi_ptU W. . u"'" may fiD<l a complete and balanced cos""," in which spirit informs and
, IN U. . . ;Jn. vol. I, pp. 6. '9-4.
I W. Y. Tindall, J. -,J_, London, 1950, p. 7'; 1'. 1I. Hig i_
JOJd" R". . . . . . . ofF_,. . .
