No More Learning

Calemard de la Fayette, Charles (käl.
mär' de lä fi-yet or fā-yet). A French poet,
critic, and essayist; born in Puy, April 9, 1815.
He has enriched polite literature with studies
of (Dante, Michael Angelo, Machiavelli” ( 1852),
with an artistic version of (The Inferno of
Dante Alighieri) (1855), and with 'The Adieu!
(1885), a collection of well-polished verse.
Calentius or Calenzio (kä-len'shus). A
noted late Latin poet; died 1503. He wrote
elegies, satires, and epigrams that were greatly
admired for their pure Latinity; also a poem
founded upon the Homeric legends.
Calenzoli, Giuseppe (kä-len'tsó-le). An Ital.
ian dramatist; born in Florence, 1815; author
of some thirty comedies, mostly in one act,
showing an excellent sense of stage effect, and
a ready and always refined wit. The best


## p. 89 (#105) #############################################

CALFA---CALVIN
89
among them are : (A Search for a Husband'
(1852); Father Zappata) (1876). His Dia-
logues and Comedies for Young Girls) (1874)
are also highly esteemed.
Calfa, Ambroise (käl-fä'). A French-Arme-
nian historian and miscellaneous writer; born
in Constantinople, March 2, 1830. A Uni-
versal History) (1851), and Armenian versions
of French masterpieces, are typical of his tal-
ent and industry.
Calfa, Corène. An Armenian poet and prose-
writer, brother of Ambroise; born in Constan-
tinople in 1835. His poems and songs are
immensely popular with his countrymen; his
translation of Lamartine's Poetic Harmonies)
is adequate and spirited; besides which should
be mentioned a (History of Armenia,' well
written and authoritative.
Calhoun, John Caldwell. An American
statesman; born Abbeville dist. , S. C. , March
18, 1782 ; died in Washington, March 31, 1850.
He was elected Representative in Congress
in 1811, and there soon attained note; was
Secretary of War in Monroe's administration
(1817); was Vice-President of the United States
under J. Q. Adams (1825-29), and under Jack-
son (1829-32). He first distinctly promulgated
his doctrine of Nullification in 1829. He be-
came United States Senator in 1832 and so
remained till 1843, when he was made Secre-
tary of State by President Tyler; he was again
elected to the Senate in 1845, and in that office
died. As a speculative thinker, according to
John Stuart Mill, he “displayed powers su-
perior to (those of] any one who has appeared
in American politics since the authors of (The
Federalist. ) » His most memorable treatise is
"On the Constitution and Government of the
United States. A Discourse on Government
is also notable. *
Callender, James Thomas. An American
politician and publicist; born in England, 17—;
died 1803. He was exiled from England for
his pamphlet (The Political Progress of Great
Britain. He wrote: (Sketches of the History
of America); “The Prospect before Us.
Callender, John. An American historian;
born in Boston, Mass. , 1706; died in Newport,
R. I. , Jan. 26, 1748. He collected many valu-
able papers relating to the Baptists in America;
and published (A Centennial Discourse on the
Civil and Religious Affairs of the Colony of
Rhode Island (1739), which was the only
history of that State for more than a century.
The State Historical Society reprinted it, with
notes by Rev. Romeo Elton, D. D. (1838) and
a memoir of the author.
Callimachus (kal-im'ä-kus). A Greek poet;
born in Cyrene; fourished third century B. C.
He wrote epics called “Hecale) and (Galatea,
besides tragedies, comedies, elegies, and hymns;
but only some epigrams, sacred songs, and
verses have come down to us, among which
are a "Hymn to Jupiter, an “Epitaph on
Heracleitus,' and one on himself. *
Calonne, Ernest de (kä-lon'). A French
poet and dramatist; born in Paris, Jan. 11,
1822. His maiden effort, “Cupid and Psyche)
(1842), was a revelation of true poetic gifts;
and in comedy he has succeeded, with «The
Amorous Doctor) and Bertha and Suzanne,
in attaining felicitous literary if not theatrical
effects.
Calpurnius Siculus, Titus (kal-pėr'ni-us
sikʼū-lus). A Roman poet; born about 30 A. D. ;
died about 80 A. D. He appears toward the
commencement of Nero's reign with various
eclogues and bucolics, palpable imitations of
Virgil and of Theocritus, and conceived in a
spirit of servile adulation of his imperial mas-
ter.
Calthrop, Samuel Robert. An American
Unitarian divine and essayist; born in Eng.
land, 1829. He is settled in Syracuse, N. Y. He
has written : (Essay on Religion and Science);
(The Rights of the Body.
Calverley, Charles Stuart. An English
poet and humorist; born at Martley, Worces-
tershire, Dec. 22, 1831; died Feb. 17, 1884.
He won a prize at Oxford with a Latin poem;
afterward becoming a member of Cambridge,
he was there made Fellow. He possessed an
exquisite wit. His (Verses and Translations)
(1862) have been often reprinted. His Society
Verses) are marked by great elegance and
geniality. *
Calvert, George Henry. An American writer
of prose and verse; born in Baltimore, Md. ,
Jan. 2, 1803; died in Newport, R. I. , May 24,
1889. He was a great-grandson of Lord Bal-
timore. After graduating at Harvard (1823),
he studied in Germany; then returning to Bal-
timore, became editor of the American, and a
contributor to various periodicals. His pub-
lished books include: Poems) (1847); Joan
of Arc) (1860); (Goethe, his Life and Works)
(1872); (Brief Essays and Brevities) (1874);
and Wordsworth: a Biographic Æsthetic
Study) (1875).
Calvi, Felice, Count (käl'vē). An Italian
historian and novelist; born in Milan, Dec.
16, 1822. His earliest work was (A Castle in
the Roman Campagna,' a novel, followed by
several valuable historical works, among them :
(Diplomatic and Historical Curiosities of the
Seventeenth Century) (1878); and similar pro-
ductions.
Calvin, John (kal'vin). A celebrated re-
former and theologian; born at Noyon, in Pic-
ardy, July 10, 1509; died in Geneva, May 27,
1564. Soon after taking a degree, he went to
Paris for the study of the humanities. In
Paris he came under the influence of the
teachers of the new theology; and before long
(1534) had to fee from France, seeking refuge
at Basel. There he published his greatest
work: Institutes of the Christian Religion'
(1536), first in Latin, then in a French ver-
sion; he afterward revised and enlarged the
work, and the author's definitive edition was
1
3
B
L


## p. 90 (#106) #############################################

90
CAMBRIDGE – CAMPBELL
published in 1559. Next after the Institutes,
Calvin's most important work is his (Com-
mentaries on the New Testament. His com-
plete works were published in 12 folio volumes
( 1617). In the libraries of Geneva and Zürich
are about 3,000 of his unpublished sermons and
other writings. *
Cambridge, Ada, pseudonym of Mrs. G. F.
Cross. An Australian novelist; born 18.
She has written: (A Marked Man); My
Guardian); Not All in Vain); (The Three
Miss Kings'; etc.
Cambridge, Richard Owen. An English
miscellaneous writer; born in London, 1717 ;
died 1802. He wrote: (The Scribleriad, a
heroic poem; History of the War in India
between the French and the English from 1755
to 1761); and other works.
Camden, William. An English antiquarian ;
born in London, 1551; died, 1623. He was re-
nowned for his Anglo-Saxon learning, and
wrote: Description of Great Britain in Ancient
Times); (Annals of the Reign of Elizabeth);
and other works.
Cameron, H. Lovett. An English novelist,
widow of Verney L. Her novels deal mostly
with personal complications, and include: (The
Cost of a Lie) (1886); (The Dead Past) (1886);
and Pure Gold' (1887),- all involving the
sombre side of sentiment.
Cameron, Verney Lovett. An English ex-
plorer and writer of adventure; born in Radi-
pole, Dorsetshire, July 1, 1844; died at Leighton.
Buzzard, March 26, 1894. Famed for his feats
of travel, he turned them to account in (Harry
Raymond (1886), a tale of adventure among
pirates; (The Cruise of the Black Prince Pri-
vateer) (1886); and (Across Africa) (1877).
Camoens, Luiz de (kam'ō-ens). Portugal's
greatest poet; born at Lisbon in 1524 or 1525;
died June 10, 1580. He passed some time in
India as a soldier; later he held a lucrative
office at Macao; there he composed a part of
(The Lusiads. He returned to Portugal beg-
gared, and died at Lisbon in a public hospital.
The (Lusiads) served to determine the ultimate
literary forms of Portuguese : it is regarded as
the national epic of Portugal. *
Camp, Walter. A weii-known American
writer on athletics; born in Connecticut, 1859.
He has written: Book of College Sports);
(American Football); (Football Facts and
Figures); etc.
Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette (kon-
pon'). A French writer of memoirs, recollec-
tions, and essays on education; born (Genest)
in Paris, Oct. 6, 1752; died at Mantes, May
16, 1822. Her Memoirs of the Private Life
of Marie Antoinette ) were based upon personal
knowledge obtained in the capacity of lady.
in-waiting; the "Correspondence with Queen
Hortense) is a revelation of character of no
small value ; but the Treatise on Education)
is unimportant.
Campanella, Tomaso (käm-pän-el'ä). A fa-
mous Italian philosopher; born at Stilo, Cala.
bria, Sept. 5, 1568; died at Paris, May 21,
1639. At an unusually early age he had em-
braced the monastic life, astonishing his reli-
gious superiors with the precocious ripeness of
his Thomistic scholarship, and writing poems
and treatises that are still not beneath respect.
For twenty-seven years, however, he lay in a
Spanish prison, because of his political indis-
cretions with the pen. During this period
many of his treatises were compiled: but the
ordeal broke his spirit and induced the impo-
tence so characteristic of his thought in the
very hour of its realization; the consequence
being that even such great works as the
(Treatise on Material Philosophy) (1623) and
(Rational Philosophy) (1637) are painfully in.
adequate. Only his Kingdom (or City] of
the Sun) (1623), a work not unlike More's
"Utopia,' is very widely known.
Campardon, Émile (käm-pär-dôn'). A French
biographer and historian; born in Paris, July
18, 1834. He has made exhaustive studies of
(The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris) (1866);
Marie Antoinette and the Necklace Case
(1863); and (Madame de Pompadour and the
Court of Louis XV. (1867).
Campbell, Alexander (kam'bel or kam'el).
A celebrated American Presbyterian divine and
theological writer; born near Ballymena, Ire-
land, Sept. 12, 1788; died at Bethany, W. Va. ,
March 4, 1866. With his father, he founded
the sect of «Campbellites” or “Disciples of
Christ” (about 1827), numbering at the time
of his death over 400,000 communicants; he
founded also, and was the first president of,
Bethany College (1841). He published the
monthly magazine the Christian Baptist (1823-
30), called afterward the Millennial Harbinger
(1830-63). Among his works were : (Christian
System); Popular Lectures and Addresses)
(1862); (Letters to a Sceptic) (1869); etc.
Campbell, Bartley. An American dram-
atist; born in Allegheny City, Pa. , Aug. 12,
1843; died in Middletown, N. Y. , July 30, 1888.
He established the Evening Mail in Pittsburg
(1868); the Southern Magazine in New Orleans
(1869). His first drama that met with success
in New York city was My Partner,' appear-
ing in 1879. Fairfax, or Life in the Sunny
South, and (The Galley Slave,' were on the
metropolitan boards during the same season.
Included in his plays are: (Matrimony); 'The
White Slave); (Siberia); and Paquita. Sev.
eral of his plays were brought out in Eng-
land.
Campbell, Charles. An American historian;
born in Petersburg, Va. , May 1, 1807; died in
Staunton, Va. , July 11, 1876. Among his pub-
lications are: (The Bland Papers) (1840-43);
(An Introduction to the History of the Colony
and Ancient Dominion of Virginia) (1849);
(Genealogy of the Spotswood Family) (1868).
He belonged to the Historical Society of Vir.
ginia; was a contributor of the Historical
(


## p. 91 (#107) #############################################

CAMPBELL-CAMPISTRON
91
(
Register and the Southern Literary Messen-
ger; and editor of the Orderly Book) of
Gen. Andrew Lewis in 1776 (Richmond, 1860).
Campbell, Douglas. An American lawyer
and historical writer, son of W. W. Campbell;
born at Cooperstown, N. Y. , July 13, 1840; died
at Schenectady, N. Y. , March 7, 1893. He prac-
ticed law in New York (1865-90). He wrote
(The Puritan in Holland, England, and Amer-
ica' (1892), considered an authoritative work.
Campbell, George. A Scottish divine and
philosophical writer; born in Aberdeen, Dec.
25, 1719; died there (? ), April 6, 1796. In his
(Dissertation on Miracles) (1762) and Philos-
ophy of Rhetoric) (1776), he shows learning,
ingenuity, and grace.
Campbell, Sir George. An English de-
scriptive writer; born in 1824; died in London,
Feb. 18, 1892. He is best represented by his
(Modern India' (1852); “White and Black in
the United States); and (The British Empire !
(1889).
Campbell, Helen Stuart. An American
sociological writer; born in Lockport, N. Y. ,
July 4. 1839. Her early writings were published
in newspapers and magazines. She has given
close attention to the study of social problems
in such works as (Prisoners of Poverty.
From
1881 till 1884 she was literary editor of Our
Continent, Philadelphia. Her style is serious,
witty, and emotional. Among her published
books are: (The Problem of the Poor) (1882);
"The What-to-do Club) (1884); Miss Melin-
da's Opportunity) (1886); and many kindred
ones.
Campbell, John. A British historical writer;
born in Edinburgh, March 8, 1708; died Dec.
28, 1775. His writings before 1742 were pub-
lished anonymously. From 1755 to the close
of his life, he was agent of the British goy.
ernment for the province of Georgia. His
works are in part : "Concise History of Span-
ish America) (1741); Lives of the English
Admirals) (1744); "A Survey of the Present
State of Europe) (1750); and (Trade of Great
Britain to America' (1772).
Campbell, John, Baron. A British legal
biographer; born in Springfield, near Cupar,
Fifeshire, Scotland, Sept. 15, 1779; died in
London, June 23, 1861. He was Lord Chan-
cellor of England (1859-61 ); and wrote : Lives
of the Lord Chancellors) (1845-48) and Lives
of the Chief Justices) (1849-57), both well
known and authoritative works.
Campbell, Sir John Douglas Sutherland.
See Lorne.
Campbell, John Francis. A Scotch folk-
lorist and descriptive writer; born about
1822; died at Cannes, France, February 1885.
His first success was Popular Tales of the
West Highlands) (1860-62), an accurate and
discriminating compilation; to which succeeded
(Frost and Fire! (1865), a volume of semi-
scientific and semi-descriptive miscellany.
Campbell, Loomis J. An American philolo-
gist and writer; born in Oneonta, N. Y. , 1831 ;
died there, Nov. 6, 1896. He was author of a
(United States History, also of the popular
(Franklin Series of school-books; and edited a
(Young Folks' Book of Poetry) and a (Hand:
Book of Synonyms. The degree of LL. D.
was conferred upon him by Hamilton College.
Campbell, Thomas. A celebrated Scottish
poet; born at Glasgow, July 27, 1777; died at
Boulogne, France, June 15, 1844. In 1799 was
published his “Pleasures of Hope, which in
a year reached a fourth edition. (Gertrude of
Wyoming) (1809); (The Exile of Erin); (Ho-
henlinden); Lochiel's Warning); (Ye Mari-
ners of England); and (Battle of the Baltic,
are among his best known poems. *
Campbell, William W. A prominent Amer-
ican lawyer and historical writer; born in New
York State, 1806; died 1881. Settled in N. Y.
city, he was a judge of the State Supreme
Court. He wrote: (Annals of Tryon County)
(reissued as Border Warfare)); Life and
Writings of De Witt Clinton); (Sketches of
Robin Hood and Captain Kidd); etc.
Campbell, William Wilfred. A Canadian
poet; born in Western Ontario, Canada, 1861.
He has published Lake Lyrics) (1889); “The
Dread Voyage) (1893); Mordred, a Tragedy,'
and Hildebrand) (1895), the two latter being
dramas in blank verse; and numerous separate
poems, among them (England) (1897). He is
cited, in the Victorian Anthology, among the
notable poets of Canada. He is at present an
official of the Privy Council of the govern-
ment at Ottawa.
Campe, Joachim Heinrich (käm'pe). A
German lexicographer and writer of juvenile
tales (1746-1818). His educational works were
long widely read and highly esteemed; espe-
cialiy (Robinson the Younger) (1779; 115th ed.
1890), an adaptation of Defoe's (Robinson Cru-
soe,' which was translated into every European
language. Next in popularity came a History
of the Discovery of America) (1781; 26th ed.
1881).
Campion, Thomas. An English poet; born
between 1570 and 1580; died at London, March
I, 1619. He was by profession a medical man.
He wrote a volume of Poems) (1595), being
Latin elegies and epigrams. He published
(1610-12) four (Books of Airs,' containing songs
written by himself to airs of his own compo-
sition: the first book contains (Divine and
Moral Songs); the second Light Conceits of
Lovers); the third and fourth are not dis-
tinguished by any separate sub-title. In his
songs the verse and the music are most hap-
pily wedded. *
Campistron, Jean Galbert de (kon-pēs-
trôn'). A French dramatist (1656-1713), a dis-
ciple and faithful imitator of Racine, and often
called “Racine's ape. His finest tragedies
were (Andronicus) (1685), the dramatized story
of Don Carlos, son of Philip II. of Spain; and
(
a


## p. 92 (#108) #############################################

92
CAMPOAMOR Y CAMPOOSORIO-CANONGE
)
(Tiridates) (1691). A comedy, Jealousy Un-
deceived' (1709), ranks among his best pro-
ductions.
Campoamor y Campoosorio, Don Ramon de
(käm''po-mor'' ē käm-po-sõ're-o). A Spanish
poet and miscellaneous writer; born at Navia in
1817. He is at once one of the most popular
and most prolific of the peninsula's versifiers;
in Moral and Political Fables) and (Colon
his talent is most at home, although Doloras)
(Sorrows), a collection of poems in which he
gives expression to the best in contemporary
Spanish ideals, has attracted most attention.
His stories in verse, (The Good and the Wise)
and Juana's Loves) more particularly, are
deemed by many his masterpieces; but his
plays -- among them Dies Iræ,' a drama-are
not without a claim to that distinction. He
has written, as well, on political and social sub-
jects in sonorous prose.
Camprodon, Francisco (käm-pro-don'). A
Spanish dramatist; born at Vich, Catalonia,
1816; died at Havana, 1870. His masterpiece
is (The Flower of a Day,' written in euphoni-
ous and well-scanned metre, and a drama of
no ordinary merit; a sequel to it, entitled
(Thorns of a Flower,' being published after-
wards.
Cañete, Manuel (kän-yā'te). A Spanish
poet and dramatist; born at Seville, Aug. 6,
1822; died in Madrid, Nov. 4, 1891. A volume
of Poems) first drew popular attention to his
genius, which is strong in lyric compositions
and in odes, but strongest in the drama, as
(A Dispute in Granada) and (The Flower of
Bresalú) denote. His studies in dramatic criti-
cism, especially those of the infancy of the
Spanish theatre, possess a permanent value as
contributions to history, in addition to their
merits as specimens of a correct taste and an
almost faultless style.
Canini, Marco Antonio (kä-nē'nē). An
Italian poet and political agitator (1822-91);
born at Venice. He fled from Italy in 1849
and took refuge in Greece. He published, at
Athens, a volume of poems: Mind, Fancy,
and Heart' (1852). Returning to Italy in 1859,
he edited journals in various cities. He wrote
a novel in verse, (George the Monk and Leila. )
Another collection of his poems, Love and
Sorrow, was published in 1880; he has also
issued (The Book of Love, a volume of trans-
lations of love songs from nearly 150 languages.
Canis, Jean (kä-nē' or kä-nis'). A French
historian; born in Paris, Nov. 20, 1840. His
realistic style, vivid narration, and scholarly
impartiality have attracted special attention to
two of his productions: (The Massacres in
Ireland,' and History of the French Republic
from 1870 to 1883. )
Canivet, Charles Alfred (kä-nē-vā'). A
French journalist, novelist, and poet ; born in
Valognes, Manche, Feb. 10, 1839. His repu-
tation was made by a series of articles in
the Soleil, under the pseudonym of «Jean de
Nivelle)); but in fiction he is well known as
the author of word-pictures of Normandy life,
among them Poor Devils) and “The Organ-
ist's Niece. His "Lost Colonies) is an account
of the French forfeiture of India and of Can-
ada through an impotent foreign policy; and
his best poetry is probably in the collection
Along the Coast.
Canizares, José (kän-yē-thär'es). A Span-
ish dramatist; born in Madrid, July 4, 1676;
died there, Sept. 4, 1750. His precocity, of
which much is made, took the form of dra-
matic composition, in which he excelled at four-
teen; nor was he much older when his (Balance
Sheets (or Accounts) of the Great Captain)
was completed, - a historical play made note-
worthy by one scene of infinite effectiveness.
The Spanish stage owes to him, moreover,
(What Passes from Sceptre to Sceptre); (Eng.
land's Cruelty); and other productions of merit.
Canning, George. An English statesman,
orator, and writer; born in London, April 11,
1770; died at Chiswick, Aug. 8, 1827. A Liberal
in extreme youth, he early joined the Tory
party, distinguished himself as wit and Parlia.
mentary manager, held repeated Cabinet office,
and became Premier in the last year of his
life. He had grown more Liberal in his later
years, sickened at the stagnant and cruel re-
actionism that followed the panic over the
French Revolution, and assisted the South-
American republics to obtain independence.
His contributions to pure literature were mostly
contained in the short-lived Anti-Jacobin, a
Tory periodical after the fashion of the previous
Whig Rolliad, and full of wit; among them
are (The Needy Knife-Grinder,' and (The
Rovers, which contains (The University of
Gottingen. His speeches, however, are often
genuine literary productions; they were pub-
lished after his death, greatly altered (largely
for the worse) from their for as delivered. *
Cannizzaro, Tommaso (kän-its-är'o). An
Italian poet; born in Messina, Aug. 17, 1838.
The volume of poems styled 'In Solitude)
shows him an idealist, and perhaps symbolist.
He uses the French language with dexterity
and grace in “Thorns and Roses,' another vol.
ume of verse.
Cannon, Charles James. An American
novelist, poet, and dramatist; born in New
York city, Nov. 4, 1800; died there, Nov. 9,
1860. His publications include: (Ravellings
from the Web of Life) (1856); Dramas)
(1857); (The Poet's Quest); (Father Felix, a
Catholic Story); Dolores, a Tragedy); and
(Better Late than Never,' a drama (1852). He
compiled a “Practical English Spelling Book,'
and series of Readers.
Canonge, Jules (kä-nônzh). A French poet;
born in Nîmes, March 20, 1812; died March
14, 1870. His delicate poesy is preserved in
(Preludes) (1835); (Tasso at Sorrento'; and
(Olim (1859); besides other volumes, in addi-
tion to which he turned his attention to legend
and story and produced worthy prose.


## p. 93 (#109) #############################################

CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO-CARCANO
93
Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio (kä'nõ-väs
del käs-tēl'yo). A distinguished Spanish states-
man and man of letters; born in Malaga, Feb.
8, 1826; assassinated at the baths of Santa
Aqueda, Aug. 8, 1897. In his 25th year he
was editor of the Conservative journal Patria,
and in 1854 entered the public service as mem-
ber of the Cortes; thereafter he held vari-
ous posts in the government. At his death
he had been for some years prime minister.
He is author of Literary Studies) (2 vols. ,
1868); (History of the Austrian Dominion in
Spain) (1869); Problems of the Time) (2
vols. , 1884); (Studies on the Reign of Philip
IV? (3 vols. , 1888-90). He was editor-in-chief
of a "General History of Spain, consisting of
monographs by sundry writers, of which the
first volume appeared in 1890.
Cano y Masas, Leopoldo (kä'nō ē mäs'äs).
A distinguished Spanish poet and dramatist;
born at Valladolid, Nov. 13, 1844. He graduated
from the Spanish Military Academy at Madrid
(1865), and was appointed professor of analyt.
ical and descriptive geometry there in 1867, re-
tiring in 1885. His first comedy was (Laurels
of a Poet) (1852). His many other plays in-
clude: (The Code of Honor); (Modern Idola.
try); and (The Death of Lucretia. He is the
author of a volume of poems, Arrows.
Cantacuzenus, John (kan''ta-kū-zē'nus).
Emperor of Constantinople; born in the twelfth
century (? ); died after 1355. His (Byzantine
History' is a noted work.
Cantemir or Kantemir, Prince Antiochus
(kan'te-mer). See Kantemir.
Cantoni, Carlo (kän-to'nē). An Italian phi-
losopher; born in Grapello, Pavia, November
1840. For years he has expounded the Kantian
philosophy, attaining an international fame
with his "Lectures on the Human Understand-
ing); “Immanuel Kant); and (The Philosoph-
ical-Literary Faculty in its Relation to Scientific
and National Education.
Cantù, Cesare (kän-to'). An Italian his-
torian; born at Brivio, Lombardy, Dec. 2, 1805;
died near Milan, March 11, 1895. Imprisoned
for political causes in 1833, he employed his
leisure in writing a historical romance, Mar-
gherita Pusterla) (1838), one of the most suc-
cessful of modern Italian romances; it gives a
graphic picture of prison life. He wrote nu-
merous historical and biographical works;
his Universal History) (35 vols. ) has passed
through several editions, and has been trans-
lated into other languages. *
Capecelatro, Alphonse, Cardinal (kä''pe-
chel-at'ro). An Italian Pietist biographer and
controversialist; born in Marseilles, Feb. 5, 1824.
He has won distinction as Italy's leading con-
temporary Church writer, with a (History of
St. Catherine of Siena and of the Papacy of
her Day) (1856); (The Errors of Renan); a
Life of Jesus); and a Life of St. Philip of
Neri) (1882).
Capefigue, Baptiste Honoré Raymond (käp-
fēg'). A French historian and journalist; born
in Marseilles, 1802; died in Paris, Dec. 23, 1872.
His contributions to historical science are the
(History of Philip Augustus (1829); and His-
tory of the Restoration and of the Causes that
Led to the Fall of the Elder Branch of the
House of Bourbon) (1831).
Capen, Nahum (kā'pen). An American his-
torical writer; born at Canton, Mass. , 1804;
died 1886. Postmaster of Boston, Mass. (1857-
61), he introduced street letter-box collections.
He wrote: (The Republic of the United
States); History of Democracy) (1874); etc.
He also wrote and edited works on phrenology.
Capern, Edward. An English poet; born
at Tiverton, Devonshire, Jan. 29, 1819. He at.
tracted the notice of Walter Savage Landor
in consequence of the beauty and feeling of
his poems, mostly descriptive of popular life
and character in his native county, where he
was long in the mail service, and known in
consequence as “The Rural Postman of Bide-
ford. " His best work is in (Wayside Warbles);
"Sungleams and Shadows); and (Ballads and
Songs.
Capponi, Gino, Marchese (käp-o'nē). An
Italian historian and scholar; born in Florence,
Sept. 14, 1792; died there, Feb. 3, 1876. A
(History of the Florentine Republic) (1875) is
his chief work.
Capuana, Luigi (kä-pū-ä'nä). An Italian
poet, novelist, and critic; born at Mineo, Sicily,
May 27, 1839. Having devoted himself to jour-
nalism, he settled (1864) in Florence, where he
wrote dramatic criticisms; from 1868 until 1877
he lived in his native town, then in Milan,
again as a journalist. His best-known work is
(Giacinta) (1879), a naturalistic novel. Besides
this he published several volumes of short
stories, among them: Profiles of Women)
(1881); (Homo) (1883); and two collections of
charming fairy tales: Once upon a Time)
(1882) and Fairy Land” (1883). A curious
specimen of rhythmical prose is his (Semi-
Rhythms) (1888), in praise of worldly joy and
beauty.
Carayon, Auguste (kä-ri-yön or kä-rā-yôn).
A French historian; born at Saumur, March
31, 1813; died at Poitiers, May 15, 1874. A
distinguished Jesuit, he wrote: (First Canadian
Missions of the Jesuits) (1864); (Banishment
of the Jesuits from Louisiana) (1865); and
similar studies.
Carcano, Giulio (kär-kä'no). An Italian
poet (1812-84); born in Milan. He wrote a
narrative poem, Ida Della Torre,' while a
student at Pavia (1834). His next work, (An-
giola Maria) (1839), had extraordinary success;
it is a deeply sympathetic story of Italian fam-
ily life, and is regarded as the highest type of
that class in Italian. In the same vein is the
volume (Simple Narratives' (1843). He wrote
also (Damiano, the Story of a Poor Family)
3


## p.