And
springing
in a marble-stoon
Had nature set, the sothe to telle,
Under that pyn-tree a welle.
Had nature set, the sothe to telle,
Under that pyn-tree a welle.
Chaucer - Romuant of the Rose
1010
Les cheveus ot blons et si lons
Qu'il li batoient as talons;
Nez ot bien fait, et yelx et bouche.
Moult grant doucor au cuer me touche,
Si m'aist Diex, quant il me membre
De la facon de chascun membre
Qu'il n'ot si bele fame ou monde.
Briement el fu jonete et blonde,
Sade, plaisant, aperte et cointe,
Grassete et grele, gente et jointe. 1020
Pres de Biaute se tint Richece,
Une dame de grant hautece,
<<
And greet of prys in every place. 1035
But who-so durste to hir trespace,
Or til hir folk, in worde or dede,
He were ful hardy, out of drede;
For bothe she helpe and hindre may:
And that is nought of yisterday 1040
That riche folk have ful gret might
To helpe, and eek to greve a wight.
The beste and grettest of valour
Diden Richesse ful gret honour,
And besy weren hir to serve; 1045
For that they wolde hir love deserve,
They cleped hir 'Lady,' grete and smalle;
This wyde world hir dredeth alle;
This world is al in hir daungere.
Hir court hath many a losengere, 1050
And many a traytour envious,
That been ful besy and curious
For to dispreisen, and to blame
That best deserven love and name.
Bifore the folk, hem to bigylen, 1055
These losengeres hem preyse, and smylen,
And thus the world with word anoynten;
But afterward they [prikke] and poynten
>>
De grant pris et de grant affaire.
Qui a li ne as siens meffaire
Osast riens par fais, ou par dis,
Il fust moult fiers et moult hardis;
Qu'ele puet moult nuire et aidier.
Ce n'est mie ne d'ui ne d'ier
Que riches gens out grant poissance
De faire ou aide, ou grevance. 1030
Tuit li greignor et li menor
Portoient a Richece honor:
Tuit baoient a li servir,
Por l'amor de li deservir;
Chascuns sa dame la clamoit,
Car tous li mondes la cremoit;
Tous li mons iert en son dangier.
En sa cort ot maint losengier,
Maint traitor, maint envieus:
Ce sunt cil qui sunt curieus 1040
De desprisier et de blasmer
Tous ceus qui font miex a amer.
Par devant, por eus losengier,
Loent les gens li losengier;
Tout le monde par parole oignent,
Mes lor losenges les gens poignent
<<
The folk right to the bare boon,
Bihinde her bak whan they ben goon, 1060
And foule abate the folkes prys.
Ful many a worthy man and wys,
An hundred, have [they] don to dye,
These losengeres, through flaterye;
And maketh folk ful straunge be, 1065
Ther-as hem oughte be prive.
Wel yvel mote they thryve and thee,
And yvel aryved mote they be,
These losengeres, ful of envye!
No good man loveth hir companye. 1070
Richesse a robe of purpre on hadde,
Ne trowe not that I lye or madde;
For in this world is noon it liche,
Ne by a thousand deel so riche,
Ne noon so fair; for it ful wel 1075
With orfrays leyd was everydel,
And portrayed in the ribaninges
Of dukes stories, and of kinges.
And with a bend of gold tasseled,
And knoppes fyne of gold ameled. 1080
Aboute hir nekke of gentil entaile
Was shet the riche chevesaile,
>>
Par derriere dusques as os,
Qu'il abaissent des bons les los,
Et desloent les aloes,
Et si loent les desloes. 1050
Maint prodommes ont encuses,
Et de lor honnor recules
Li losengier par lor losenges;
Car il font ceus des cors estranges
Qui deussent estre prives:
Mal puissent-il estre arives
Icil losengier plain d'envie!
Car nus prodons n'aime lor vie.
Richece ot une porpre robe,
Ice ne tenes mie a lobe, 1060
Que je vous di bien et afiche
Qu'il n'ot si bele, ne si riche
Ou monde, ne si envoisie.
La porpre fu toute orfroisie;
Si ot portraites a orfrois
Estoires de dus et de rois.
Si estoit au col bien orlee
D'une bende d'or neelee
Moult richement, sachies sans faille.
Si i avoit tretout a taille 1070
<<
In which ther was ful gret plentee
Of stones clere and bright to see.
Rychesse a girdel hadde upon, 1085
The bokel of it was of a stoon
Of vertu greet, and mochel of might;
For who-so bar the stoon so bright,
Of venim [thurte] him no-thing doute,
While he the stoon hadde him aboute. 1090
That stoon was greetly for to love,
And til a riche mannes bihove
Worth al the gold in Rome and Fryse.
The mourdaunt, wrought in noble wyse,
Was of a stoon ful precious, 1095
That was so fyn and vertuous,
That hool a man it coude make
Of palasye, and of tooth-ake.
And yit the stoon hadde suche a grace,
That he was siker in every place, 1100
Al thilke day, not blind to been,
That fasting mighte that stoon seen.
The barres were of gold ful fyne,
Upon a tissu of satyne,
Ful hevy, greet, and no-thing light, 1105
In everich was a besaunt-wight.
Upon the tresses of Richesse
Was set a cercle, for noblesse,
>>
De riches pierres grant plente
Qui moult rendoient grant clarte.
Richece ot ung moult riche ceint
Par desus cele porpre ceint;
La boucle d'une pierre fu
Qui ot grant force et grant vertu:
Car cis qui sor soi la portoit,
Nes uns venins ne redotoit:
Nus nel pooit envenimer,
Moult faisoit la pierre a aimer. 1080
Ele vausist a ung prodomme
Miex que trestous li ors de Romme.
D'une pierre fu li mordens,
Qui garissoit du mal des dens;
Et si avoit ung tel eur,
Que cis pooit estre asseur
Tretous les jors de sa veue,
Qui a geun l'avoit veue.
Li clou furent d'or esmere,
Qui erent el tissu dore; 1090
Si estoient gros et pesant,
En chascun ot bien ung besant.
Richece ot sus ses treces sores
Ung cercle d'or; onques encores
<<
Of brend gold, that ful lighte shoon;
So fair, trowe I, was never noon. 1110
But he were cunning, for the nones,
That coude devysen alle the stones
That in that cercle shewen clere;
It is a wonder thing to here.
For no man coude preyse or gesse 1115
Of hem the valewe or richesse.
Rubyes there were, saphyres, iagounces,
And emeraudes, more than two ounces.
But al bifore, ful sotilly,
A fyn carboucle set saugh I. 1120
The stoon so cleer was and so bright,
That, al-so sone as it was night,
Men mighte seen to go, for nede,
A myle or two, in lengthe and brede.
Swich light [tho] sprang out of the stoon, 1125
That Richesse wonder brighte shoon,
Bothe hir heed, and al hir face,
And eke aboute hir al the place.
Dame Richesse on hir hond gan lede
A yong man ful of semelihede, 1130
That she best loved of any thing;
His lust was muche in housholding.
>>
Ne fu si biaus veus, ce cuit,
Car il fu tout d'or fin recuit;
Mes cis seroit bons devisierres
Qui vous sauroit toutes les pierres,
Qui i estoient, devisier,
Car l'en ne porroit pas prisier 1100
L'avoir que les pierres valoient,
Qui en l'or assises estoient.
Rubis i ot, saphirs, jagonces,
Esmeraudes plus de dix onces.
Mais devant ot, par grant mestrise,
Une escharboucle ou cercle assise,
Et la pierre si clere estoit,
Que maintenant qu'il anuitoit,
L'en s'en veist bien au besoing
Conduire d'une liue loing. 1110
Tel clarte de la pierre yssoit,
Que Richece en resplendissoit
Durement le vis et la face,
Et entor li toute la place.
Richece tint parmi la main
Ung valet de grant biaute plain,
Qui fu ses amis veritiez.
C'est uns hons qui en biaus ostiez
<<
In clothing was he ful fetys,
And lovede wel have hors of prys.
He wende to have reproved be 1135
Of thefte or mordre, if that he
Hadde in his stable an hakeney.
And therfore he desyred ay
To been aqueynted with Richesse;
For al his purpos, as I gesse, 1140
Was for to make greet dispense,
Withoute werning or defence.
And Richesse mighte it wel sustene,
And hir dispenses wel mayntene,
And him alwey swich plentee sende 1145
Of gold and silver for to spende
Withoute lakking or daungere,
As it were poured in a garnere.
And after on the daunce wente LARGESSE.
LARGESSE, that sette al hir entente 1150
For to be honourable and free;
Of Alexandres kin was she;
Hir moste Ioye was, y-wis,
Whan that she yaf, and seide, 'have this. '
Not Avarice, the foule caytyf, 1155
Was half to grype so ententyf,
>>
Maintenir moult se delitoit.
Cis se chaucoit bien et vestoit, 1120
Si avoit les chevaus de pris;
Cis cuidast bien estre repris
Ou de murtre, ou de larrecin,
S'en s'estable eust ung roucin.
Por ce amoit-il moult l'acointance
De Richece et la bien-voillance,
Qu'il avoit tous jors en porpens
De demener les grans despens,
Et el les pooit bien soffrir,
Et tous ses despens maintenir; 1130
El li donnoit autant deniers
Cum s'el les puisast en greniers.
Apres refu Largece assise,
Qui fu bien duite et bien aprise
De faire honor, et de despendre:
El fu du linage Alexandre;
Si n'avoit-el joie de rien
Cum quant el pooit dire, 'tien. '
Neis Avarice la chetive
N'ert pas si a prendre ententive 1140
<<
As Largesse is to yeve and spende.
And god y-nough alwey hir sende,
So that the more she yaf awey,
The more, y-wis, she hadde alwey. 1160
Gret loos hath Largesse, and gret prys;
For bothe wys folk and unwys
Were hoolly to hir baundon brought,
So wel with yiftes hath she wrought.
And if she hadde an enemy, 1165
I trowe, that she coude craftily
Make him ful sone hir freend to be,
So large of yift and free was she;
Therfore she stood in love and grace
Of riche and povre in every place. 1170
A ful gret fool is he, y-wis,
That bothe riche and nigard is.
A lord may have no maner vice
That greveth more than avarice.
For nigard never with strengthe of hond 1175
May winne him greet lordship or lond.
For freendes al to fewe hath he
To doon his wil perfourmed be.
And who-so wol have freendes here,
He may not holde his tresour dere. 1180
For by ensample I telle this,
Right as an adamaunt, y-wis,
>>
Cum Largece ere de donner;
Et Diex li fesoit foisonner
Ses biens si qu'ele ne savoit
Tant donner, cum el plus avoit.
Moult a Largece pris et los;
Ele a les sages et les fos
Outreement a son bandon,
Car ele savoit fere biau don;
S'ainsinc fust qu'aucuns la haist,
Si cuit-ge que de ceus feist 1150
Ses amis par son biau servise;
Et por ce ot-ele a devise
L'amor des povres et des riches.
Moult est fos haus homs qui est chiches!
Haus homs ne puet avoir nul vice,
Qui tant li griet cum avarice:
Car hons avers ne puet conquerre
Ne seignorie ne grant terre;
Car il n'a pas d'amis plente,
Dont il face sa volente. 1160
Mes qui amis vodra avoir
Si n'ait mie chier son avoir,
Ains par biaus dons amis acquiere:
Car tout en autretel maniere
<<
Can drawen to him sotilly
The yren, that is leyd therby,
So draweth folkes hertes, y-wis, 1185
Silver and gold that yeven is.
Largesse hadde on a robe fresshe
Of riche purpur Sarsinesshe.
Wel fourmed was hir face and clere,
And opened had she hir colere; 1190
For she right there hadde in present
Unto a lady maad present
Of a gold broche, ful wel wrought.
And certes, it missat hir nought;
For through hir smokke, wrought with silk, 1195
The flesh was seen, as whyt as milk.
Largesse, that worthy was and wys,
Held by the honde a knight of prys,
Was sib to Arthour of Bretaigne.
And that was he that bar the enseigne 1200
Of worship, and the gonfanoun.
And yit he is of swich renoun,
That men of him seye faire thinges
Bifore barouns, erles, and kinges.
This knight was comen al newely 1205
Fro tourneyinge faste by;
>>
Cum la pierre de l'aiment
Trait a soi le fer soutilment,
Ainsinc atrait les cuers des gens
Li ors qu'en donne et li argens.
Largece ot robe toute fresche
D'une porpre Sarrazinesche; 1170
S'ot le vis bel et bien forme;
Mes el ot son col defferme,
Qu'el avoit iluec en present
A une dame fet present,
N'avoit gueres, de son fermal,
Et ce ne li seoit pas mal,
Que sa chevecaille iert overte,
Et sa gorge si descoverte,
Que parmi outre la chemise
Li blanchoioit sa char alise. 1180
Largece la vaillant, la sage,
Tint ung chevalier du linage
Au bon roy Artus de Bretaigne;
Ce fu cil qui porta l'enseigne
De Valor et le gonfanon.
Encor est-il de tel renom,
Que l'en conte de li les contes
Et devant rois et devant contes.
Cil chevalier novelement
Fu venus d'ung tornoiement, 1190
<<
Ther hadde he doon gret chivalrye
Through his vertu and his maistrye;
And for the love of his lemman
[Had] cast doun many a doughty man. 1210
And next him daunced dame FRAUNCHYSE,
Arrayed in ful noble gyse. FRAUNCHYSE.
She was not broun ne dun of hewe,
But whyt as snowe y-fallen newe.
Hir nose was wrought at poynt devys, 1215
For it was gentil and tretys;
With eyen gladde, and browes bente;
Hir heer doun to hir heles wente.
And she was simple as dowve on tree,
Ful debonaire of herte was she. 1220
She durste never seyn ne do
But that [thing] that hir longed to.
And if a man were in distresse,
And for hir love in hevinesse,
Hir herte wolde have ful greet pitee, 1225
She was so amiable and free.
For were a man for hir bistad,
She wolde ben right sore adrad
That she dide over greet outrage,
But she him holpe his harm to aswage; 1230
>>
Ou il ot faite por s'amie
Mainte jouste et mainte envaie,
Et percie maint escu boucle,
Maint hiaume i avoit dessercle,
Et maint chevalier abatu,
Et pris par force et par vertu.
Apres tous ceus se tint Franchise,
Qui ne fu ne brune ne bise,
Ains ere blanche comme nois;
Et si n'ot pas nes d'Orlenois, 1200
Aincois l'avoit lonc et traitis,
Iex vairs rians, sorcis votis:
S'ot les chevous et blons, et lons,
Et fu simple comme uns coulons.
Le cuer ot dous et debonnaire:
Ele n'osast dire ne faire
A nuli riens qu'el ne deust;
Et s'ele ung homme cogneust
Qui fust destrois por s'amitie,
Tantost eust de li pitie, 1210
Qu'ele ot le cuer si piteable,
Et si dous et si amiable,
Que se nus por li mal traisist,
S'el ne li aidast, el crainsist
Qu'el feist trop grant vilonnie.
Vestue ot une sorquanie,
<<
Hir thoughte it elles a vilanye.
And she hadde on a sukkenye,
That not of hempen herdes was;
So fair was noon in alle Arras.
Lord, it was rideled fetysly! 1235
Ther nas nat oo poynt, trewely,
That it nas in his right assyse.
Ful wel y-clothed was Fraunchyse;
For ther is no cloth sitteth bet
On damiselle, than doth roket. 1240
A womman wel more fetys is
In roket than in cote, y-wis.
The whyte roket, rideled faire,
Bitokened, that ful debonaire
And swete was she that it bere. 1245
By hir daunced a bachelere;
I can not telle you what he highte,
But fair he was, and of good highte,
Al hadde he be, I sey no more,
The lordes sone of Windesore. 1250
And next that daunced CURTESYE, CURTESYE.
That preised was of lowe and hye,
For neither proud ne fool was she.
She for to daunce called me,
>>
Qui ne fu mie de borras:
N'ot si bele jusqu'a Arras;
Car el fu si coillie et jointe,
Qu'il n'i ot une seule pointe 1220
Qui a son droit ne fust assise.
Moult fu bien vestue Franchise;
Car nule robe n'est si bele
Que sorquanie a damoisele.
Fame est plus cointe et plus mignote
En sorquanie que en cote:
La sorquanie qui fu blanche,
Senefioit que douce et franche
Estoit cele qui la vestoit.
Uns bachelers jones s'estoit 1230
Pris a Franchise lez a lez,
Ne soi comment ert apele,
Mes biaus estoit, se il fust ores
Fiex au seignor de Gundesores.
Apres se tenoit Courtoisie,
Qui moult estoit de tous prisie,
Si n'ere orguilleuse ne fole.
C'est cele qui a la karole
<<
(I pray god yeve hir right good grace! ) 1255
Whan I com first into the place.
She was not nyce, ne outrageous,
But wys and war, and vertuous,
Of faire speche, and faire answere;
Was never wight misseid of here; 1260
She bar no rancour to no wight.
Cleer broun she was, and therto bright
Of face, of body avenaunt;
I wot no lady so plesaunt.
She were worthy for to bene 1265
An emperesse or crouned quene.
And by hir wente a knight dauncing
That worthy was and wel speking,
And ful wel coude he doon honour.
The knight was fair and stif in stour, 1270
And in armure a semely man,
And wel biloved of his lemman.
Fair YDELNESSE than saugh I, YDELNESSE.
That alwey was me faste by.
Of hir have I, withouten fayle, 1275
Told yow the shap and apparayle
For (as I seide) lo, that was she
That dide me so greet bountee,
>>
La soe merci m'apela
Ains que nule, quant je vins la. 1240
El ne fu ne nice, n'umbrage,
Mes sages auques sans outrage,
De biaus respons et de biaus dis,
Onc nus ne fu par li laidis,
Ne ne porta nului rancune.
El fu clere comme la lune
Est avers les autres estoiles
Qui ne resemblent que chandoiles.
Faitisse estoit et avenant,
Je ne sai fame plus plaisant. 1250
Ele ere entoutes cors bien digne
D'estre emperieris, ou roine.
A li se tint uns chevaliers
Acointables et biaus parliers,
Qui sot bien faire honor as gens.
Li chevaliers fu biaus et gens,
Et as armes bien acesmes,
Et de s'amie bien ames.
La bele Oiseuse vint apres,
Qui se tint de moi asses pres. 1260
De cele vous ai dit sans faille
Toute la facon et la taille;
Ja plus ne vous en iert conte,
Car c'est cele qui la bonte
<<
That she the gate of the gardin
Undide, and leet me passen in. 1280
And after daunced, as I gesse, YOUTHE.
[YOUTHE], fulfild of lustinesse,
That nas not yit twelve yeer of age,
With herte wilde, and thought volage;
Nyce she was, but she ne mente 1285
Noon harm ne slight in hir entente,
But only lust and Iolitee.
For yonge folk, wel witen ye,
Have litel thought but on hir play.
Hir lemman was bisyde alway, 1290
In swich a gyse, that he hir kiste
At alle tymes that him liste,
That al the daunce mighte it see;
They make no force of privetee;
For who spak of hem yvel or wel, 1295
They were ashamed never-a-del,
But men mighte seen hem kisse there,
As it two yonge douves were.
For yong was thilke bachelere,
Of beaute wot I noon his pere; 1300
And he was right of swich an age
As Youthe his leef, and swich corage.
The lusty folk thus daunced there,
And also other that with hem were,
>>
Me fist si grant qu'ele m'ovri
Le guichet del vergier flori.
Apres se tint mien esciant,
Jonesce, au vis cler et luisant,
Qui n'avoit encores passes,
Si cum je cuit, douze ans d'asses. 1270
Nicete fu, si ne pensoit
Nul mal, ne nul engin qui soit;
Mes moult iert envoisie et gaie,
Car jone chose ne s'esmaie
Fors de joer, bien le saves.
Ses amis iert de li prives
En tel guise, qu'il la besoit
Toutes les fois que li plesoit,
Voians tous ceus de la karole:
Car qui d'aus deus tenist parole, 1280
Il n'en fussent ja vergondeus,
Ains les veissies entre aus deus
Baisier comme deus columbiaus.
Le vales fu jones et biaus,
Si estoit bien d'autel aage
Cum s'amie, et d'autel corage.
Ainsi karoloient ilecques,
Ceste gens, et autres avecques,
<<
That weren alle of hir meynee; 1305
Ful hende folk, and wys, and free,
And folk of fair port, trewely,
Ther weren alle comunly.
Whan I hadde seen the countenaunces
Of hem that ladden thus these daunces, 1310
Than hadde I wil to goon and see
The gardin that so lyked me,
And loken on these faire loreres,
On pyn-trees, cedres, and oliveres.
The daunces than y-ended were; 1315
For many of hem that daunced there
Were with hir loves went awey
Under the trees to have hir pley.
A, lord! they lived lustily!
A gret fool were he, sikerly, 1320
That nolde, his thankes, swich lyf lede!
For this dar I seyn, out of drede,
That who-so mighte so wel fare,
For better lyf [thurte] him not care;
For ther nis so good paradys 1325
As have a love at his devys.
Out of that place wente I tho,
And in that gardin gan I go,
>>
Qui estoient de lor mesnies,
Franches gens et bien enseignies, 1290
Et gens de bel afetement
Estoient tuit communement.
Quant j'oi veues les semblances
De ceus qui menoient les dances,
J'oi lors talent que le vergier
Alasse veoir et cerchier,
Et remirer ces biaus moriers,
Ces pins, ces codres, ces loriers.
Les karoles ja remanoient,
Car tuit li plusors s'en aloient 1300
O lor amies umbroier
Sous ces arbres por dosnoier.
Diex, cum menoient bonne vie!
Fox est qui n'a de tel envie;
Qui autel vie avoir porroit,
De mieudre bien se sofferroit,
Qu'il n'est nul greignor paradis
Qu'avoir amie a son devis.
D'ilecques me parti atant,
Si m'en alai seus esbatant 1310
<<
Pleying along ful merily.
The God of Love ful hastely 1330
Unto him Swete-Loking clepte,
No lenger wolde he that he kepte
His bowe of golde, that shoon so bright.
He [bad] him [bende it] anon-right;
And he ful sone [it] sette on ende, 1335
And at a braid he gan it bende,
And took him of his arowes fyve,
Ful sharpe and redy for to dryve.
Now god that sit in magestee
Fro deedly woundes kepe me, 1340
If so be that he [wol] me shete;
For if I with his arowe mete,
It [wol me greven] sore, y-wis!
But I, that no-thing wiste of this,
Wente up and doun ful many a wey, 1345
And he me folwed faste alwey;
But no-wher wolde I reste me,
Til I hadde al the [yerde in] be.
The gardin was, by mesuring,
Right even and squar in compassing; 1350
It was as long as it was large.
Of fruyt hadde every tree his charge, THE TREES.
>>
Par le vergier de ca en la;
Et li Diex d'Amors apela
Tretout maintenant Dous-Regart:
N'a or plus cure qu'il li gart
Son arc: donques sans plus atendre
L'arc li a commande a tendre,
Et cis gaires n'i atendi,
Tout maintenant l'arc li tendi,
Si li bailla et cinq sajetes
Fors et poissans, d'aler loing prestes. 1320
Li Diex d'Amors tantost de loing
Me prist a suivir, l'arc ou poing.
Or me gart Diex de mortel plaie!
Se il fait tant que a moi traie,
Il me grevera moult forment.
Je qui de ce ne soi noient,
Vois par la vergier a delivre,
Et cil pensa bien de moi sivre;
Mes en nul leu ne m'arreste,
Devant que j'oi par tout este. 1330
Li vergiers par compasseure
Si fu de droite quarreure,
S'ot de lonc autant cum de large;
Nus arbres qui soit qui fruit charge,
<<
But it were any hidous tree
Of which ther were two or three.
Ther were, and that wot I ful wel, 1355
Of pomgarnettes a ful gret del;
That is a fruyt ful wel to lyke,
Namely to folk whan they ben syke.
And trees ther were, greet foisoun,
That baren notes in hir sesoun, 1360
Such as men notemigges calle,
That swote of savour been withalle.
And alemandres greet plentee,
Figes, and many a date-tree
Ther weren, if men hadde nede, 1365
Through the gardin in length and brede.
Ther was eek wexing many a spyce,
As clow-gelofre, and licoryce,
Gingere, and greyn de paradys,
Canelle, and setewale of prys, 1370
And many a spyce delitable,
To eten whan men ryse fro table.
And many hoomly trees ther were,
That peches, coynes, and apples bere,
Medlers, ploumes, peres, chesteynes, 1375
Cheryse, of whiche many on fayn is,
>>
Se n'est aucuns arbres hideus,
Dont il n'i ait ou ung, ou deus
Ou vergier, ou plus, s'il avient.
Pomiers i ot, bien m'en sovient,
Qui chargoient pomes grenades,
C'est uns fruis moult bons a malades; 1340
De noiers i ot grant foison,
Qui chargoient en la saison
Itel fruit cum sunt nois mugades,
Qui ne sunt ameres, ne fades;
Alemandiers y ot plante,
Et si ot ou vergier plante
Maint figuier, et maint biau datier;
Si trovast qu'en eust mestier,
Ou vergier mainte bone espice,
Cloz de girofle et requelice, 1350
Graine de paradis novele,
Citoal, anis, et canele,
Et mainte espice delitable,
Que bon mengier fait apres table.
Ou vergier ot arbres domesches,
Qui chargoient et coins et pesches,
Chataignes, nois, pommes et poires,
Nefles, prunes blanches et noires,
<<
Notes, aleys, and bolas,
That for to seen it was solas;
With many high lorer and pyn
Was renged clene al that gardyn; 1380
With cipres, and with oliveres,
Of which that nigh no plente here is.
Ther were elmes grete and stronge,
Maples, asshe, ook, asp, planes longe,
Fyn ew, popler, and lindes faire, 1385
And othere trees ful many a payre.
What sholde I telle you more of it?
Ther were so many trees yit,
That I sholde al encombred be
Er I had rekened every tree. 1390
These trees were set, that I devyse,
Oon from another, in assyse,
Five fadome or sixe, I trowe so,
But they were hye and grete also:
And for to kepe out wel the sonne, 1395
The croppes were so thikke y-ronne,
And every braunch in other knet,
And ful of grene leves set,
That sonne mighte noon descende,
Lest [it] the tendre grasses shende. 1400
>>
Cerises fresches vermeilletes,
Cormes, alies et noisetes; 1360
De haus loriers et de haus pins
Refu tous pueples li jardin,
Et d'oliviers et de cipres,
Dont il n'a gaires ici pres;
Ormes y ot branchus et gros,
Et avec ce charmes et fos,
Codres droites, trembles et chesnes,
Erables haus, sapins et fresnes.
Que vous iroie-je notant?
De divers arbres i ot tant, 1370
Que moult en seroie encombres,
Ains que les eusse nombres.
Sachies por voir, li arbres furent
Si loing a loing cum estre durent.
Li ung fu loing de l'autre assis
Plus de cinq toises, ou de sis:
Mes li rain furent lonc et haut,
Et por le leu garder de chaut,
Furent si espes par deseure,
Que li solaus en nesune eure 1380
Ne pooit a terre descendre,
Ne faire mal a l'erbe tendre.
<<
Ther mighte men does and roes y-see,
And of squirels ful greet plentee,
From bough to bough alwey leping.
Conies ther were also playing,
That comen out of hir claperes 1405
Of sondry colours and maneres,
And maden many a turneying
Upon the fresshe gras springing.
In places saw I WELLES there, THE WELLES.
In whiche ther no frogges were, 1410
And fair in shadwe was every welle;
But I ne can the nombre telle
Of stremes smale, that by devys
Mirthe had don come through condys,
Of which the water, in renning, 1415
Gan make a noyse ful lyking.
About the brinkes of thise welles,
And by the stremes over-al elles
Sprang up the gras, as thikke y-set
And softe as any veluet, 1420
On which men mighte his lemman leye,
As on a fetherbed, to pleye,
For therthe was ful softe and swete.
Through moisture of the welle wete
>>
Ou vergier ot daims et chevrions,
Et moult grant plente d'escoirions,
Qui par ces arbres gravissoient;
Connins i avoit qui issoient
Toute jor hors de lor tesnieres,
Et en plus de trente manieres
Aloient entr'eus tornoiant
Sor l'erbe fresche verdoiant. 1390
Il ot par leus cleres fontaines,
Sans barbelotes et sans raines,
Cui li arbres fesoient umbre;
Mes n'en sai pas dire le numbre.
Par petis tuiaus que Deduis
Y ot fet fere, et par conduis
S'en aloit l'iaue aval, fesant
Une noise douce et plesant.
Entor les ruissiaus et les rives
Des fontaines cleres et vives, 1400
Poignoit l'erbe freschete et drue;
Ausinc y poist-l'en sa drue
Couchier comme sur une coite,
Car la terre estoit douce et moite
Por la fontaine, et i venoit
Tant d'erbe cum il convenoit.
<<
Sprang up the sote grene gras, 1425
As fair, as thikke, as mister was.
But muche amended it the place,
That therthe was of swich a grace
That it of floures had plente,
That both in somer and winter be. 1430
Ther sprang the violete al newe,
And fresshe pervinke, riche of hewe,
And floures yelowe, whyte, and rede;
Swich plentee grew ther never in mede.
Ful gay was al the ground, and queynt, 1435
And poudred, as men had it peynt,
With many a fresh and sondry flour,
That casten up ful good savour.
I wol not longe holde you in fable
Of al this gardin delitable. 1440
I moot my tonge stinten nede,
For I ne may, withouten drede,
Naught tellen you the beautee al,
Ne half the bountee therewithal.
I wente on right honde and on left 1445
Aboute the place; it was not left,
Til I hadde al the [yerde in] been,
In the estres that men mighte seen.
>>
Mes moult embelissoit l'afaire
Li leus qui ere de tel aire,
Qu'il i avoit tous jours plente
De flors et yver et este. 1410
Violete y avoit trop bele,
Et parvenche fresche et novele;
Flors y ot blanches et vermeilles,
De jaunes en i ot merveilles.
Trop par estoit la terre cointe,
Qu'ele ere piolee et pointe
De flors de diverses colors,
Dont moult sunt bonnes les odors.
Ne vous tenrai ja longue fable
Du leu plesant et delitable; 1420
Orendroit m'en convenra taire,
Que ge ne porroie retraire
Du vergier toute la biaute,
Ne la grant delitablete.
Tant fui a destre et a senestre,
Que j'oi tout l'afere et tout l'estre
Du vergier cerchie et veu;
Et li Diex d'Amors m'a seu
<<
And thus whyle I wente in my pley,
The God of Love me folowed ay, 1450
Right as an hunter can abyde
The beste, til he seeth his tyde
To shete, at good mes, to the dere,
Whan that him nedeth go no nere.
And so befil, I rested me 1455
Besyde a welle, under a tree,
Which tree in Fraunce men calle a pyn.
But, sith the tyme of king Pepyn,
Ne grew ther tree in mannes sighte
So fair, ne so wel woxe in highte; 1460
In al that yerde so high was noon.
And springing in a marble-stoon
Had nature set, the sothe to telle,
Under that pyn-tree a welle.
And on the border, al withoute, 1465
Was writen, in the stone aboute,
Lettres smale, that seyden thus,
Here starf the faire Narcisus. '
NARCISUS was a bachelere, NARCISUS.
That Love had caught in his daungere, 1470
And in his net gan him so streyne,
And dide him so to wepe and pleyne,
That nede him muste his lyf forgo.
For a fair lady, hight Echo,
>>
Endementiers en agaitant,
Cum li venieres qui atant 1430
Que la beste en bel leu se mete
Por lessier aler la sajete.
En ung trop biau leu arrive,
Au darrenier, ou je trouve
Une fontaine sous ung pin;
Mais puis Karles le fils Pepin,
Ne fu ausinc biau pin veus,
Et si estoit si haut creus,
Qu'ou vergier n'ot nul si bel arbre.
Dedens une pierre de marbre 1440
Ot nature par grant mestrise
Sous le pin la fontaine assise:
Si ot dedens la pierre escrites
Ou bort amont letres petites
Qui disoient: 'ici desus
Se mori li biaus Narcisus. '
Narcisus fu uns damoisiaus
Que Amors tint en ses roisiaus,
Et tant le sot Amors destraindre,
Et tant le fist plorer et plaindre, 1450
Que li estuet a rendre l'ame:
Car Equo, une haute dame,
<<
Him loved over any creature, 1475
And gan for him swich peyne endure,
That on a tyme she him tolde,
That, if he hir loven nolde,
That hir behoved nedes dye,
Ther lay non other remedye. 1480
But natheles, for his beautee,
So fiers and daungerous was he,
That he nolde graunten hir asking,
For weping, ne for fair praying.
And whan she herde him werne hir so, 1485
She hadde in herte so gret wo,
And took it in so gret dispyt,
That she, withoute more respyt,
Was deed anoon. But, er she deyde,
Ful pitously to god she preyde, 1490
That proude-herted Narcisus,
That was in love so daungerous,
Mighte on a day ben hampred so
For love, and been so hoot for wo,
That never he mighte Ioye atteyne; 1495
Than shulde he fele in every veyne
What sorowe trewe lovers maken,
That been so vilaynsly forsaken.
>>
L'avoit ame plus que riens nee.
El fu par lui si mal menee
Qu'ele li dist qu'il li donroit
S'amor, ou ele se morroit.
Mes cis fu por sa grant biaute
Plains de desdaing et de fierte,
Si ne la li volt otroier,
Ne por chuer, ne por proier. 1460
Quant ele s'oi escondire,
Si en ot tel duel et tel ire,
Et le tint en si grant despit,
Que morte en fu sans lonc respit;
Mes aincois qu'ele se morist,
Ele pria Diex et requist
Que Narcisus au cuer ferasche,
Qu'ele ot trove d'amors si flasche,
Fust asproies encore ung jor,
Et eschaufes d'autel amor 1470
Dont il ne peust joie atendre;
Si porroit savoir et entendre
Quel duel ont li loial amant
Que l'en refuse si vilment.
<<
This prayer was but resonable,
Therefor god held it ferme and stable: 1500
For Narcisus, shortly to telle,
By aventure com to that welle
To reste him in that shadowing
A day, whan he com fro hunting.
This Narcisus had suffred paynes 1505
For renning alday in the playnes,
And was for thurst in greet distresse
Of hete, and of his werinesse
That hadde his breeth almost binomen.
Whan he was to that welle y-comen, 1510
That shadwed was with braunches grene,
He thoughte of thilke water shene
To drinke and fresshe him wel withalle;
And doun on knees he gan to falle,
And forth his heed and nekke out-straughte 1515
To drinken of that welle a draughte
And in the water anoon was sene
His nose, his mouth, his yen shene,
And he ther-of was al abasshed;
His owne shadowe had him bitrasshed. 1520
For wel wende he the forme see
Of a child of greet beautee.
>>
Cele proiere fu resnable,
Et por ce la fist Diex estable,
Que Narcisus, par aventure,
A la fontaine clere et pure
Se vint sous le pin umbroier,
Ung jour qu'il venoit d'archoier, 1480
Et avoit soffert grant travail
De corre et amont et aval,
Tant qu'il ot soif por l'asprete
Du chault, et por la lassete
Qui li ot tolue l'alaine.
Et quant il vint a la fontaine
Que li pins de ses rains covroit,
Il se pensa que il bevroit:
Sus la fontaine, tout adens
Se mist lors por boivre dedans. 1490
Si vit en l'iaue clere et nete
Son vis, son nes et sa bouchete,
Et cis maintenant s'esbahi;
Car ses umbres l'ot si trahi,
Que cuida veoir la figure
D'ung enfant bel a desmesure.
<<
Wel couthe Love him wreke tho
Of daunger and of pryde also,
That Narcisus somtyme him bere. 1525
He quitte him wel his guerdon there;
For he so musede in the welle,
That, shortly al the sothe to telle,
He lovede his owne shadowe so,
That atte laste he starf for wo. 1530
For whan he saugh that he his wille
Mighte in no maner wey fulfille,
And that he was so faste caught
That he him couthe comfort naught,
He loste his wit right in that place, 1535
And deyde within a litel space.
And thus his warisoun he took
For the lady that he forsook.
Ladyes, I preye ensample taketh,
Ye that ayeins your love mistaketh: 1540
For if hir deeth be yow to wyte,
God can ful wel your whyle quyte.
Whan that this lettre, of whiche I telle,
Had taught me that it was the welle
Of Narcisus in his beautee, 1545
I gan anoon withdrawe me,
>>
Lors se sot bien Amors vengier
Du grant orguel et du dangier
Que Narcisus li ot mene.
Lors li fu bien guerredone, 1500
Qu'il musa tant a la fontaine,
Qu'il ama son umbre demaine,
Si en fu mors a la parclose.
Ce est la somme de la chose:
Car quant il vit qu'il ne porroit
Acomplir ce qu'il desirroit,
Et qu'il i fu si pris par sort,
Qu'il n'en pooit avoir confort
En nule guise, n'en nul sens,
Il perdi d'ire tout le sens, 1510
Et fu mors en poi de termine.
Ainsinc si ot de la meschine
Qu'il avoit d'amors escondite,
Son guerredon et sa merite.
Dames, cest exemple aprenes,
Qui vers vos amis mesprenes;
Car se vous les lessies morir,
Diex le vous sara bien merir.
Quant li escris m'ot fait savoir
Que ce estoit tretout por voir 1520
La fontaine au biau Narcisus,
Je m'en trais lors ung poi en sus,
<<
Whan it fel in my remembraunce,
That him bitidde swich mischaunce.
But at the laste than thoughte I,
That scatheles, ful sikerly, 1550
I mighte unto THE WELLE go. THE WELLE.
Wherof shulde I abasshen so?
Unto the welle than wente I me,
And doun I louted for to see
The clere water in the stoon, 1555
And eek the gravel, which that shoon
Down in the botme, as silver fyn;
For of the welle, this is the fyn,
In world is noon so cleer of hewe.
The water is ever fresh and newe 1560
That welmeth up with wawes brighte
The mountance of two finger highte.
Abouten it is gras springing,
For moiste so thikke and wel lyking,
That it ne may in winter dye, 1565
No more than may the see be drye.
Down at the botme set saw I
Two cristal stones craftely
In thilke fresshe and faire welle.
But o thing soothly dar I telle, 1570
>>
Que dedens n'osai regarder,
Ains commencai a coarder,
Quant de Narcisus me sovint,
Cui malement en mesavint;
Mes ge me pensai qu'asseur,
Sans paor de maves eur,
A la fontaine aler pooie,
Por folie m'en esmaioie. 1530
De la fontaine m'apressai,
Quant ge fui pres, si m'abessai
Por veoir l'iaue qui coroit,
Et la gravele qui paroit
Au fons plus clere qu'argens fins,
De la fontaine c'est la fins.
En tout le monde n'ot si bele,
L'iaue est tousdis fresche et novele,
Qui nuit et jor sourt a grans ondes
Par deux doiz creuses et parfondes. 1540
Tout entour point l'erbe menue,
Qui vient por l'iaue espesse et drue,
Et en iver ne puet morir
Ne que l'iaue ne puet tarir.
Ou fons de la fontaine aval
Avoit deux pierres de cristal
Qu'a grande entente remirai,
Et une chose vous dirai,
<<
That ye wol holde a greet mervayle
Whan it is told, withouten fayle.
For whan the sonne, cleer in sighte,
Cast in that welle his bemes brighte,
And that the heet descended is, 1575
Than taketh the cristal stoon, y-wis,
Agayn the sonne an hundred hewes,
Blewe, yelowe, and rede, that fresh and newe is.
Yit hath the merveilous cristal
Swich strengthe, that the place overal, 1580
Bothe fowl and tree, and leves grene,
And al the yerd in it is sene.
And for to doon you understonde,
To make ensample wol I fonde;
Right as a mirour openly 1585
Sheweth al thing that stant therby,
As wel the colour as the figure,
Withouten any coverture;
Right so the cristal stoon, shyning,
Withouten any disceyving, 1590
The estres of the yerde accuseth
To him that in the water museth;
For ever, in which half that he be,
He may wel half the gardin see;
>>
Qu'a merveilles, ce cuit, tenres
Tout maintenant que vous l'orres. 1550
Quant li solaus qui tout aguete,
Ses rais en la fontaine giete,
Et la clartes aval descent,
Lors perent colors plus de cent
Ou cristal, qui por le soleil
Devient ynde, jaune et vermeil:
Si ot le cristal merveilleus
Itel force que tous li leus,
Arbres et flors et quanqu'aorne
Li vergiers, i pert tout aorne; 1560
Et por faire la chose entendre,
Un essample vous veil aprendre.
Ainsinc cum li mireors montre
Les choses qui li sunt encontre,
Et y voit-l'en sans coverture
Et lor color, et lor figure;
Tretout ausinc vous dis por voir,
Que li cristal, sans decevoir,
Tout l'estre du vergier accusent
A ceus qui dedens l'iaue musent: 1570
Car tous jours quelque part qu'il soient,
L'une moitie du vergier voient;
<<
And if he turne, he may right wel 1595
Seen the remenaunt everydel.
For ther is noon so litel thing
So hid, ne closed with shitting,
That it ne is sene, as though it were
Peynted in the cristal there. 1600
This is the mirour perilous,
In which the proude Narcisus
Saw al his face fair and bright,
That made him sith to lye upright.
For who-so loke in that mirour, 1605
Ther may no-thing ben his socour
That he ne shal ther seen som thing
That shal him lede into [loving].
Ful many a worthy man hath it
Y-blent; for folk of grettest wit 1610
Ben sone caught here and awayted;
Withouten respyt been they bayted.
Heer comth to folk of-newe rage,
Heer chaungeth many wight corage;
Heer lyth no reed ne wit therto; 1615
For Venus sone, daun Cupido,
Hath sowen there of love the seed,
That help ne lyth ther noon, ne reed,
>>
Et s'il se tornent maintenant,
Pueent veoir le remenant.
Si n'i a si petite chose,
Tant reposte, ne tant enclose,
Dont demonstrance n'i soit faite,
Cum s'ele iert es cristaus portraite.
C'est li mireoirs perilleus,
Ou Narcisus li orguilleus 1580
Mira sa face et ses yex vers,
Dont il jut puis mors tout envers.
Qui en cel mireor se mire,
Ne puet avoir garant de mire,
Que tel chose a ses yex ne voie,
Qui d'amer l'a tost mis en voie.
Maint vaillant homme a mis a glaive
Cis mireors, car li plus saive,
Li plus preus, li miex afetie
I sunt tost pris et aguetie. 1590
Ci sourt as gens novele rage,
Ici se changent li corage;
Ci n'a mestier sens, ne mesure,
Ci est d'amer volente pure;
Ci ne se set conseiller nus;
Car Cupido, li fils Venus,
<<
So cercleth it the welle aboute.
His ginnes hath he set withoute 1620
Right for to cacche in his panteres
These damoysels and bacheleres.
Love wil noon other bridde cacche,
Though he sette either net or lacche.
And for the seed that heer was sowen, 1625
This welle is cleped, as wel is knowen,
The Welle of Love, of verray right,
Of which ther hath ful many a wight
Spoke in bokes dyversely.
But they shulle never so verily 1630
Descripcioun of the welle here,
Ne eek the sothe of this matere,
As ye shulle, whan I have undo
The craft that hir bilongeth to.
Alway me lyked for to dwelle, 1635
To seen the cristal in the welle,
That shewed me ful openly
A thousand thinges faste by.
But I may saye, in sory houre
Stood I to loken or to poure; 1640
For sithen [have] I sore syked,
That mirour hath me now entryked.
>>
Sema ici d'Amors la graine
Qui toute a cainte la fontaine;
Et fist ses las environ tendre,
Et ses engins i mist por prendre 1600
Damoiseles et Damoisiaus;
Qu'Amors ne velt autres oisiaus.
Por la graine qui fu semee,
Fu cele fontaine clamee
La Fontaine d'Amors par droit,
Dont plusors ont en maint endroit
Parle, en romans et en livre;
Mais james n'orrez miex descrivre
La verite de la matere,
Cum ge la vous vodre retrere. 1610
Ades me plot a demorer
A la fontaine, et remirer
Les deus cristaus qui me monstroient
Mil choses qui ilec estoient.
Mes de fort hore m'i mire:
Las! tant en ai puis souspire!
Cis mireors m'a deceu;
Se j'eusse avant cogneu
<<
But hadde I first knowen in my wit
The vertue and [the] strengthe of it,
I nolde not have mused there; 1645
Me hadde bet ben elles-where;
For in the snare I fel anoon,
That hath bitraisshed many oon.
In thilke mirour saw I tho,
Among a thousand thinges mo, 1650
A ROSER charged ful of roses, THE ROSER.
That with an hegge aboute enclos is.
Tho had I swich lust and envye,
That, for Parys ne for Pavye,
Nolde I have left to goon and see 1655
Ther grettest hepe of roses be.
Whan I was with this rage hent,
That caught hath many a man and shent,
Toward the roser gan I go.
And whan I was not fer therfro, 1660
The savour of the roses swote
Me smoot right to the herte rote,
As I hadde al embawmed [be. ]
And if I ne hadde endouted me
To have ben hated or assailed, 1665
My thankes, wolde I not have failed
>>
Quex sa force ert et sa vertu,
Ne m'i fusse ja embatu: 1620
Car meintenant ou las chai
Qui meint homme ont pris et trai.
Ou miroer entre mil choses,
Choisi rosiers chargies de roses,
Qui estoient en ung detor
D'une haie clos tout entor:
Adont m'en prist si grant envie,
Que ne laissasse por Pavie,
Ne por Paris, que ge n'alasse
La ou ge vi la greignor masse. 1630
Quant cele rage m'ot si pris,
Dont maint ont este entrepris,
Vers les rosiers tantost me tres;
Et sachies que quant g'en fui pres,
L'oudor des roses savorees
M'entra ens jusques es corees,
Que por noient fusse embasmes:
Se assailli ou mesames
<<
To pulle a rose of al that route
To beren in myn honde aboute,
And smellen to it wher I wente;
But ever I dredde me to repente, 1670
And lest it greved or for-thoughte
The lord that thilke gardyn wroughte.
Of roses were ther gret woon,
So faire wexe never in roon.
Of knoppes clos, some saw I there, 1675
And some wel beter woxen were;
And some ther been of other moysoun,
That drowe nigh to hir sesoun,
And spedde hem faste for to sprede;
I love wel swiche roses rede; 1680
For brode roses, and open also,
Ben passed in a day or two;
But knoppes wilen fresshe be
Two dayes atte leest, or three.
The knoppes gretly lyked me, 1685
For fairer may ther no man see.
Who-so mighte haven oon of alle,
It oughte him been ful leef withalle.
Mighte I [a] gerlond of hem geten,
For no richesse I wolde it leten. 1690
>>
Ne cremisse estre, g'en cuillisse,
Au mains une que ge tenisse 1640
En ma main, por l'odor sentir;
Mes paor oi du repentir:
Car il en peust de legier
Peser au seignor du vergier.
Des roses i ot grans monciaus,
Si beles ne vit homs sous ciaus;
Boutons i ot petit et clos,
Et tiex qui sunt ung poi plus gros.
Si en i ot d'autre moison
Qui se traient a lor soison, 1650
Et s'aprestoient d'espanir,
Et cil ne font pas a hair.
Les roses overtes et lees
Sunt en ung jor toutes alees;
Mes li bouton durent trois frois
A tout le mains deux jors ou trois.
Icil bouton forment me plurent,
Oncques plus bel nul leu ne crurent.
Qui en porroit ung acroichier,
Il le devroit avoir moult chier; 1660
S'ung chapel en peusse avoir,
Je n'en preisse nul avoir.
<<
Among THE KNOPPES I chees oon THE KNOPPE.
So fair, that of the remenaunt noon
Ne preyse I half so wel as it,
Whan I avyse it in my wit.
For it so wel was enlumyned 1695
With colour reed, as wel [y]-fyned
As nature couthe it make faire.
And it had leves wel foure paire,
That Kinde had set through his knowing
Aboute the rede rose springing. 1700
The stalke was as risshe right,
And theron stood the knoppe upright,
That it ne bowed upon no syde.
The swote smelle sprong so wyde
That it dide al the place aboute-- 1705
>>
Entre ces boutons en eslui
Ung si tres-bel, qu'envers celui
Nus des autres riens ne prisie,
Puis que ge l'oi bien avisie:
Car une color l'enlumine,
Qui est si vermeille et si fine,
Com Nature la pot plus faire.
Des foilles i ot quatre paire 1670
Que Nature par grant mestire
I ot assises tire a tire.
La coe ot droite comme jons,
Et par dessus siet li boutons,
Si qu'il ne cline, ne ne pent.
L'odor de lui entor s'espent;
La soatime qui en ist
Toute la place replenist. 1678
G. = Glasgow MS. ; Th. = Thynne's ed. (1532).
1-44. _Lost in_ G. ; _from_ Th. 3. Th. some sweuen; _but the pl. is
required_. 4. Th. that false ne bene. 5. Th. apparaunt. 6. Th. warraunt.
12. Th. els; _om. _ a. 13, 14. Th. fal, cal; fole.
23. Th. folke; went. 25. Th. slepte. 26. Th. suche. 27. Th. lyked; wele.
28. Th. dele. 29. Th. afterwarde befal. 30. Th. dreme; tel; al. 31. Th.
Nowe; dreme. 35. Th. there. 37. Th. Howe; _om. _ that _and_ the. 38. Th.
hatte; _read_ hote.
39. Ed. 1550, Romaunte. 40. Th. arte. 42. Th. graunt me in; _omit_ me. 45.
_Here begins_ G. 46. Th. to be; G. _torn_. 47. Th. G. ought. 49. G. Th.
thought. 55. G. Th. bene. 56. G. Th. wrene. 59. G. erth. G. Th. proude. 61.
G.
Les cheveus ot blons et si lons
Qu'il li batoient as talons;
Nez ot bien fait, et yelx et bouche.
Moult grant doucor au cuer me touche,
Si m'aist Diex, quant il me membre
De la facon de chascun membre
Qu'il n'ot si bele fame ou monde.
Briement el fu jonete et blonde,
Sade, plaisant, aperte et cointe,
Grassete et grele, gente et jointe. 1020
Pres de Biaute se tint Richece,
Une dame de grant hautece,
<<
And greet of prys in every place. 1035
But who-so durste to hir trespace,
Or til hir folk, in worde or dede,
He were ful hardy, out of drede;
For bothe she helpe and hindre may:
And that is nought of yisterday 1040
That riche folk have ful gret might
To helpe, and eek to greve a wight.
The beste and grettest of valour
Diden Richesse ful gret honour,
And besy weren hir to serve; 1045
For that they wolde hir love deserve,
They cleped hir 'Lady,' grete and smalle;
This wyde world hir dredeth alle;
This world is al in hir daungere.
Hir court hath many a losengere, 1050
And many a traytour envious,
That been ful besy and curious
For to dispreisen, and to blame
That best deserven love and name.
Bifore the folk, hem to bigylen, 1055
These losengeres hem preyse, and smylen,
And thus the world with word anoynten;
But afterward they [prikke] and poynten
>>
De grant pris et de grant affaire.
Qui a li ne as siens meffaire
Osast riens par fais, ou par dis,
Il fust moult fiers et moult hardis;
Qu'ele puet moult nuire et aidier.
Ce n'est mie ne d'ui ne d'ier
Que riches gens out grant poissance
De faire ou aide, ou grevance. 1030
Tuit li greignor et li menor
Portoient a Richece honor:
Tuit baoient a li servir,
Por l'amor de li deservir;
Chascuns sa dame la clamoit,
Car tous li mondes la cremoit;
Tous li mons iert en son dangier.
En sa cort ot maint losengier,
Maint traitor, maint envieus:
Ce sunt cil qui sunt curieus 1040
De desprisier et de blasmer
Tous ceus qui font miex a amer.
Par devant, por eus losengier,
Loent les gens li losengier;
Tout le monde par parole oignent,
Mes lor losenges les gens poignent
<<
The folk right to the bare boon,
Bihinde her bak whan they ben goon, 1060
And foule abate the folkes prys.
Ful many a worthy man and wys,
An hundred, have [they] don to dye,
These losengeres, through flaterye;
And maketh folk ful straunge be, 1065
Ther-as hem oughte be prive.
Wel yvel mote they thryve and thee,
And yvel aryved mote they be,
These losengeres, ful of envye!
No good man loveth hir companye. 1070
Richesse a robe of purpre on hadde,
Ne trowe not that I lye or madde;
For in this world is noon it liche,
Ne by a thousand deel so riche,
Ne noon so fair; for it ful wel 1075
With orfrays leyd was everydel,
And portrayed in the ribaninges
Of dukes stories, and of kinges.
And with a bend of gold tasseled,
And knoppes fyne of gold ameled. 1080
Aboute hir nekke of gentil entaile
Was shet the riche chevesaile,
>>
Par derriere dusques as os,
Qu'il abaissent des bons les los,
Et desloent les aloes,
Et si loent les desloes. 1050
Maint prodommes ont encuses,
Et de lor honnor recules
Li losengier par lor losenges;
Car il font ceus des cors estranges
Qui deussent estre prives:
Mal puissent-il estre arives
Icil losengier plain d'envie!
Car nus prodons n'aime lor vie.
Richece ot une porpre robe,
Ice ne tenes mie a lobe, 1060
Que je vous di bien et afiche
Qu'il n'ot si bele, ne si riche
Ou monde, ne si envoisie.
La porpre fu toute orfroisie;
Si ot portraites a orfrois
Estoires de dus et de rois.
Si estoit au col bien orlee
D'une bende d'or neelee
Moult richement, sachies sans faille.
Si i avoit tretout a taille 1070
<<
In which ther was ful gret plentee
Of stones clere and bright to see.
Rychesse a girdel hadde upon, 1085
The bokel of it was of a stoon
Of vertu greet, and mochel of might;
For who-so bar the stoon so bright,
Of venim [thurte] him no-thing doute,
While he the stoon hadde him aboute. 1090
That stoon was greetly for to love,
And til a riche mannes bihove
Worth al the gold in Rome and Fryse.
The mourdaunt, wrought in noble wyse,
Was of a stoon ful precious, 1095
That was so fyn and vertuous,
That hool a man it coude make
Of palasye, and of tooth-ake.
And yit the stoon hadde suche a grace,
That he was siker in every place, 1100
Al thilke day, not blind to been,
That fasting mighte that stoon seen.
The barres were of gold ful fyne,
Upon a tissu of satyne,
Ful hevy, greet, and no-thing light, 1105
In everich was a besaunt-wight.
Upon the tresses of Richesse
Was set a cercle, for noblesse,
>>
De riches pierres grant plente
Qui moult rendoient grant clarte.
Richece ot ung moult riche ceint
Par desus cele porpre ceint;
La boucle d'une pierre fu
Qui ot grant force et grant vertu:
Car cis qui sor soi la portoit,
Nes uns venins ne redotoit:
Nus nel pooit envenimer,
Moult faisoit la pierre a aimer. 1080
Ele vausist a ung prodomme
Miex que trestous li ors de Romme.
D'une pierre fu li mordens,
Qui garissoit du mal des dens;
Et si avoit ung tel eur,
Que cis pooit estre asseur
Tretous les jors de sa veue,
Qui a geun l'avoit veue.
Li clou furent d'or esmere,
Qui erent el tissu dore; 1090
Si estoient gros et pesant,
En chascun ot bien ung besant.
Richece ot sus ses treces sores
Ung cercle d'or; onques encores
<<
Of brend gold, that ful lighte shoon;
So fair, trowe I, was never noon. 1110
But he were cunning, for the nones,
That coude devysen alle the stones
That in that cercle shewen clere;
It is a wonder thing to here.
For no man coude preyse or gesse 1115
Of hem the valewe or richesse.
Rubyes there were, saphyres, iagounces,
And emeraudes, more than two ounces.
But al bifore, ful sotilly,
A fyn carboucle set saugh I. 1120
The stoon so cleer was and so bright,
That, al-so sone as it was night,
Men mighte seen to go, for nede,
A myle or two, in lengthe and brede.
Swich light [tho] sprang out of the stoon, 1125
That Richesse wonder brighte shoon,
Bothe hir heed, and al hir face,
And eke aboute hir al the place.
Dame Richesse on hir hond gan lede
A yong man ful of semelihede, 1130
That she best loved of any thing;
His lust was muche in housholding.
>>
Ne fu si biaus veus, ce cuit,
Car il fu tout d'or fin recuit;
Mes cis seroit bons devisierres
Qui vous sauroit toutes les pierres,
Qui i estoient, devisier,
Car l'en ne porroit pas prisier 1100
L'avoir que les pierres valoient,
Qui en l'or assises estoient.
Rubis i ot, saphirs, jagonces,
Esmeraudes plus de dix onces.
Mais devant ot, par grant mestrise,
Une escharboucle ou cercle assise,
Et la pierre si clere estoit,
Que maintenant qu'il anuitoit,
L'en s'en veist bien au besoing
Conduire d'une liue loing. 1110
Tel clarte de la pierre yssoit,
Que Richece en resplendissoit
Durement le vis et la face,
Et entor li toute la place.
Richece tint parmi la main
Ung valet de grant biaute plain,
Qui fu ses amis veritiez.
C'est uns hons qui en biaus ostiez
<<
In clothing was he ful fetys,
And lovede wel have hors of prys.
He wende to have reproved be 1135
Of thefte or mordre, if that he
Hadde in his stable an hakeney.
And therfore he desyred ay
To been aqueynted with Richesse;
For al his purpos, as I gesse, 1140
Was for to make greet dispense,
Withoute werning or defence.
And Richesse mighte it wel sustene,
And hir dispenses wel mayntene,
And him alwey swich plentee sende 1145
Of gold and silver for to spende
Withoute lakking or daungere,
As it were poured in a garnere.
And after on the daunce wente LARGESSE.
LARGESSE, that sette al hir entente 1150
For to be honourable and free;
Of Alexandres kin was she;
Hir moste Ioye was, y-wis,
Whan that she yaf, and seide, 'have this. '
Not Avarice, the foule caytyf, 1155
Was half to grype so ententyf,
>>
Maintenir moult se delitoit.
Cis se chaucoit bien et vestoit, 1120
Si avoit les chevaus de pris;
Cis cuidast bien estre repris
Ou de murtre, ou de larrecin,
S'en s'estable eust ung roucin.
Por ce amoit-il moult l'acointance
De Richece et la bien-voillance,
Qu'il avoit tous jors en porpens
De demener les grans despens,
Et el les pooit bien soffrir,
Et tous ses despens maintenir; 1130
El li donnoit autant deniers
Cum s'el les puisast en greniers.
Apres refu Largece assise,
Qui fu bien duite et bien aprise
De faire honor, et de despendre:
El fu du linage Alexandre;
Si n'avoit-el joie de rien
Cum quant el pooit dire, 'tien. '
Neis Avarice la chetive
N'ert pas si a prendre ententive 1140
<<
As Largesse is to yeve and spende.
And god y-nough alwey hir sende,
So that the more she yaf awey,
The more, y-wis, she hadde alwey. 1160
Gret loos hath Largesse, and gret prys;
For bothe wys folk and unwys
Were hoolly to hir baundon brought,
So wel with yiftes hath she wrought.
And if she hadde an enemy, 1165
I trowe, that she coude craftily
Make him ful sone hir freend to be,
So large of yift and free was she;
Therfore she stood in love and grace
Of riche and povre in every place. 1170
A ful gret fool is he, y-wis,
That bothe riche and nigard is.
A lord may have no maner vice
That greveth more than avarice.
For nigard never with strengthe of hond 1175
May winne him greet lordship or lond.
For freendes al to fewe hath he
To doon his wil perfourmed be.
And who-so wol have freendes here,
He may not holde his tresour dere. 1180
For by ensample I telle this,
Right as an adamaunt, y-wis,
>>
Cum Largece ere de donner;
Et Diex li fesoit foisonner
Ses biens si qu'ele ne savoit
Tant donner, cum el plus avoit.
Moult a Largece pris et los;
Ele a les sages et les fos
Outreement a son bandon,
Car ele savoit fere biau don;
S'ainsinc fust qu'aucuns la haist,
Si cuit-ge que de ceus feist 1150
Ses amis par son biau servise;
Et por ce ot-ele a devise
L'amor des povres et des riches.
Moult est fos haus homs qui est chiches!
Haus homs ne puet avoir nul vice,
Qui tant li griet cum avarice:
Car hons avers ne puet conquerre
Ne seignorie ne grant terre;
Car il n'a pas d'amis plente,
Dont il face sa volente. 1160
Mes qui amis vodra avoir
Si n'ait mie chier son avoir,
Ains par biaus dons amis acquiere:
Car tout en autretel maniere
<<
Can drawen to him sotilly
The yren, that is leyd therby,
So draweth folkes hertes, y-wis, 1185
Silver and gold that yeven is.
Largesse hadde on a robe fresshe
Of riche purpur Sarsinesshe.
Wel fourmed was hir face and clere,
And opened had she hir colere; 1190
For she right there hadde in present
Unto a lady maad present
Of a gold broche, ful wel wrought.
And certes, it missat hir nought;
For through hir smokke, wrought with silk, 1195
The flesh was seen, as whyt as milk.
Largesse, that worthy was and wys,
Held by the honde a knight of prys,
Was sib to Arthour of Bretaigne.
And that was he that bar the enseigne 1200
Of worship, and the gonfanoun.
And yit he is of swich renoun,
That men of him seye faire thinges
Bifore barouns, erles, and kinges.
This knight was comen al newely 1205
Fro tourneyinge faste by;
>>
Cum la pierre de l'aiment
Trait a soi le fer soutilment,
Ainsinc atrait les cuers des gens
Li ors qu'en donne et li argens.
Largece ot robe toute fresche
D'une porpre Sarrazinesche; 1170
S'ot le vis bel et bien forme;
Mes el ot son col defferme,
Qu'el avoit iluec en present
A une dame fet present,
N'avoit gueres, de son fermal,
Et ce ne li seoit pas mal,
Que sa chevecaille iert overte,
Et sa gorge si descoverte,
Que parmi outre la chemise
Li blanchoioit sa char alise. 1180
Largece la vaillant, la sage,
Tint ung chevalier du linage
Au bon roy Artus de Bretaigne;
Ce fu cil qui porta l'enseigne
De Valor et le gonfanon.
Encor est-il de tel renom,
Que l'en conte de li les contes
Et devant rois et devant contes.
Cil chevalier novelement
Fu venus d'ung tornoiement, 1190
<<
Ther hadde he doon gret chivalrye
Through his vertu and his maistrye;
And for the love of his lemman
[Had] cast doun many a doughty man. 1210
And next him daunced dame FRAUNCHYSE,
Arrayed in ful noble gyse. FRAUNCHYSE.
She was not broun ne dun of hewe,
But whyt as snowe y-fallen newe.
Hir nose was wrought at poynt devys, 1215
For it was gentil and tretys;
With eyen gladde, and browes bente;
Hir heer doun to hir heles wente.
And she was simple as dowve on tree,
Ful debonaire of herte was she. 1220
She durste never seyn ne do
But that [thing] that hir longed to.
And if a man were in distresse,
And for hir love in hevinesse,
Hir herte wolde have ful greet pitee, 1225
She was so amiable and free.
For were a man for hir bistad,
She wolde ben right sore adrad
That she dide over greet outrage,
But she him holpe his harm to aswage; 1230
>>
Ou il ot faite por s'amie
Mainte jouste et mainte envaie,
Et percie maint escu boucle,
Maint hiaume i avoit dessercle,
Et maint chevalier abatu,
Et pris par force et par vertu.
Apres tous ceus se tint Franchise,
Qui ne fu ne brune ne bise,
Ains ere blanche comme nois;
Et si n'ot pas nes d'Orlenois, 1200
Aincois l'avoit lonc et traitis,
Iex vairs rians, sorcis votis:
S'ot les chevous et blons, et lons,
Et fu simple comme uns coulons.
Le cuer ot dous et debonnaire:
Ele n'osast dire ne faire
A nuli riens qu'el ne deust;
Et s'ele ung homme cogneust
Qui fust destrois por s'amitie,
Tantost eust de li pitie, 1210
Qu'ele ot le cuer si piteable,
Et si dous et si amiable,
Que se nus por li mal traisist,
S'el ne li aidast, el crainsist
Qu'el feist trop grant vilonnie.
Vestue ot une sorquanie,
<<
Hir thoughte it elles a vilanye.
And she hadde on a sukkenye,
That not of hempen herdes was;
So fair was noon in alle Arras.
Lord, it was rideled fetysly! 1235
Ther nas nat oo poynt, trewely,
That it nas in his right assyse.
Ful wel y-clothed was Fraunchyse;
For ther is no cloth sitteth bet
On damiselle, than doth roket. 1240
A womman wel more fetys is
In roket than in cote, y-wis.
The whyte roket, rideled faire,
Bitokened, that ful debonaire
And swete was she that it bere. 1245
By hir daunced a bachelere;
I can not telle you what he highte,
But fair he was, and of good highte,
Al hadde he be, I sey no more,
The lordes sone of Windesore. 1250
And next that daunced CURTESYE, CURTESYE.
That preised was of lowe and hye,
For neither proud ne fool was she.
She for to daunce called me,
>>
Qui ne fu mie de borras:
N'ot si bele jusqu'a Arras;
Car el fu si coillie et jointe,
Qu'il n'i ot une seule pointe 1220
Qui a son droit ne fust assise.
Moult fu bien vestue Franchise;
Car nule robe n'est si bele
Que sorquanie a damoisele.
Fame est plus cointe et plus mignote
En sorquanie que en cote:
La sorquanie qui fu blanche,
Senefioit que douce et franche
Estoit cele qui la vestoit.
Uns bachelers jones s'estoit 1230
Pris a Franchise lez a lez,
Ne soi comment ert apele,
Mes biaus estoit, se il fust ores
Fiex au seignor de Gundesores.
Apres se tenoit Courtoisie,
Qui moult estoit de tous prisie,
Si n'ere orguilleuse ne fole.
C'est cele qui a la karole
<<
(I pray god yeve hir right good grace! ) 1255
Whan I com first into the place.
She was not nyce, ne outrageous,
But wys and war, and vertuous,
Of faire speche, and faire answere;
Was never wight misseid of here; 1260
She bar no rancour to no wight.
Cleer broun she was, and therto bright
Of face, of body avenaunt;
I wot no lady so plesaunt.
She were worthy for to bene 1265
An emperesse or crouned quene.
And by hir wente a knight dauncing
That worthy was and wel speking,
And ful wel coude he doon honour.
The knight was fair and stif in stour, 1270
And in armure a semely man,
And wel biloved of his lemman.
Fair YDELNESSE than saugh I, YDELNESSE.
That alwey was me faste by.
Of hir have I, withouten fayle, 1275
Told yow the shap and apparayle
For (as I seide) lo, that was she
That dide me so greet bountee,
>>
La soe merci m'apela
Ains que nule, quant je vins la. 1240
El ne fu ne nice, n'umbrage,
Mes sages auques sans outrage,
De biaus respons et de biaus dis,
Onc nus ne fu par li laidis,
Ne ne porta nului rancune.
El fu clere comme la lune
Est avers les autres estoiles
Qui ne resemblent que chandoiles.
Faitisse estoit et avenant,
Je ne sai fame plus plaisant. 1250
Ele ere entoutes cors bien digne
D'estre emperieris, ou roine.
A li se tint uns chevaliers
Acointables et biaus parliers,
Qui sot bien faire honor as gens.
Li chevaliers fu biaus et gens,
Et as armes bien acesmes,
Et de s'amie bien ames.
La bele Oiseuse vint apres,
Qui se tint de moi asses pres. 1260
De cele vous ai dit sans faille
Toute la facon et la taille;
Ja plus ne vous en iert conte,
Car c'est cele qui la bonte
<<
That she the gate of the gardin
Undide, and leet me passen in. 1280
And after daunced, as I gesse, YOUTHE.
[YOUTHE], fulfild of lustinesse,
That nas not yit twelve yeer of age,
With herte wilde, and thought volage;
Nyce she was, but she ne mente 1285
Noon harm ne slight in hir entente,
But only lust and Iolitee.
For yonge folk, wel witen ye,
Have litel thought but on hir play.
Hir lemman was bisyde alway, 1290
In swich a gyse, that he hir kiste
At alle tymes that him liste,
That al the daunce mighte it see;
They make no force of privetee;
For who spak of hem yvel or wel, 1295
They were ashamed never-a-del,
But men mighte seen hem kisse there,
As it two yonge douves were.
For yong was thilke bachelere,
Of beaute wot I noon his pere; 1300
And he was right of swich an age
As Youthe his leef, and swich corage.
The lusty folk thus daunced there,
And also other that with hem were,
>>
Me fist si grant qu'ele m'ovri
Le guichet del vergier flori.
Apres se tint mien esciant,
Jonesce, au vis cler et luisant,
Qui n'avoit encores passes,
Si cum je cuit, douze ans d'asses. 1270
Nicete fu, si ne pensoit
Nul mal, ne nul engin qui soit;
Mes moult iert envoisie et gaie,
Car jone chose ne s'esmaie
Fors de joer, bien le saves.
Ses amis iert de li prives
En tel guise, qu'il la besoit
Toutes les fois que li plesoit,
Voians tous ceus de la karole:
Car qui d'aus deus tenist parole, 1280
Il n'en fussent ja vergondeus,
Ains les veissies entre aus deus
Baisier comme deus columbiaus.
Le vales fu jones et biaus,
Si estoit bien d'autel aage
Cum s'amie, et d'autel corage.
Ainsi karoloient ilecques,
Ceste gens, et autres avecques,
<<
That weren alle of hir meynee; 1305
Ful hende folk, and wys, and free,
And folk of fair port, trewely,
Ther weren alle comunly.
Whan I hadde seen the countenaunces
Of hem that ladden thus these daunces, 1310
Than hadde I wil to goon and see
The gardin that so lyked me,
And loken on these faire loreres,
On pyn-trees, cedres, and oliveres.
The daunces than y-ended were; 1315
For many of hem that daunced there
Were with hir loves went awey
Under the trees to have hir pley.
A, lord! they lived lustily!
A gret fool were he, sikerly, 1320
That nolde, his thankes, swich lyf lede!
For this dar I seyn, out of drede,
That who-so mighte so wel fare,
For better lyf [thurte] him not care;
For ther nis so good paradys 1325
As have a love at his devys.
Out of that place wente I tho,
And in that gardin gan I go,
>>
Qui estoient de lor mesnies,
Franches gens et bien enseignies, 1290
Et gens de bel afetement
Estoient tuit communement.
Quant j'oi veues les semblances
De ceus qui menoient les dances,
J'oi lors talent que le vergier
Alasse veoir et cerchier,
Et remirer ces biaus moriers,
Ces pins, ces codres, ces loriers.
Les karoles ja remanoient,
Car tuit li plusors s'en aloient 1300
O lor amies umbroier
Sous ces arbres por dosnoier.
Diex, cum menoient bonne vie!
Fox est qui n'a de tel envie;
Qui autel vie avoir porroit,
De mieudre bien se sofferroit,
Qu'il n'est nul greignor paradis
Qu'avoir amie a son devis.
D'ilecques me parti atant,
Si m'en alai seus esbatant 1310
<<
Pleying along ful merily.
The God of Love ful hastely 1330
Unto him Swete-Loking clepte,
No lenger wolde he that he kepte
His bowe of golde, that shoon so bright.
He [bad] him [bende it] anon-right;
And he ful sone [it] sette on ende, 1335
And at a braid he gan it bende,
And took him of his arowes fyve,
Ful sharpe and redy for to dryve.
Now god that sit in magestee
Fro deedly woundes kepe me, 1340
If so be that he [wol] me shete;
For if I with his arowe mete,
It [wol me greven] sore, y-wis!
But I, that no-thing wiste of this,
Wente up and doun ful many a wey, 1345
And he me folwed faste alwey;
But no-wher wolde I reste me,
Til I hadde al the [yerde in] be.
The gardin was, by mesuring,
Right even and squar in compassing; 1350
It was as long as it was large.
Of fruyt hadde every tree his charge, THE TREES.
>>
Par le vergier de ca en la;
Et li Diex d'Amors apela
Tretout maintenant Dous-Regart:
N'a or plus cure qu'il li gart
Son arc: donques sans plus atendre
L'arc li a commande a tendre,
Et cis gaires n'i atendi,
Tout maintenant l'arc li tendi,
Si li bailla et cinq sajetes
Fors et poissans, d'aler loing prestes. 1320
Li Diex d'Amors tantost de loing
Me prist a suivir, l'arc ou poing.
Or me gart Diex de mortel plaie!
Se il fait tant que a moi traie,
Il me grevera moult forment.
Je qui de ce ne soi noient,
Vois par la vergier a delivre,
Et cil pensa bien de moi sivre;
Mes en nul leu ne m'arreste,
Devant que j'oi par tout este. 1330
Li vergiers par compasseure
Si fu de droite quarreure,
S'ot de lonc autant cum de large;
Nus arbres qui soit qui fruit charge,
<<
But it were any hidous tree
Of which ther were two or three.
Ther were, and that wot I ful wel, 1355
Of pomgarnettes a ful gret del;
That is a fruyt ful wel to lyke,
Namely to folk whan they ben syke.
And trees ther were, greet foisoun,
That baren notes in hir sesoun, 1360
Such as men notemigges calle,
That swote of savour been withalle.
And alemandres greet plentee,
Figes, and many a date-tree
Ther weren, if men hadde nede, 1365
Through the gardin in length and brede.
Ther was eek wexing many a spyce,
As clow-gelofre, and licoryce,
Gingere, and greyn de paradys,
Canelle, and setewale of prys, 1370
And many a spyce delitable,
To eten whan men ryse fro table.
And many hoomly trees ther were,
That peches, coynes, and apples bere,
Medlers, ploumes, peres, chesteynes, 1375
Cheryse, of whiche many on fayn is,
>>
Se n'est aucuns arbres hideus,
Dont il n'i ait ou ung, ou deus
Ou vergier, ou plus, s'il avient.
Pomiers i ot, bien m'en sovient,
Qui chargoient pomes grenades,
C'est uns fruis moult bons a malades; 1340
De noiers i ot grant foison,
Qui chargoient en la saison
Itel fruit cum sunt nois mugades,
Qui ne sunt ameres, ne fades;
Alemandiers y ot plante,
Et si ot ou vergier plante
Maint figuier, et maint biau datier;
Si trovast qu'en eust mestier,
Ou vergier mainte bone espice,
Cloz de girofle et requelice, 1350
Graine de paradis novele,
Citoal, anis, et canele,
Et mainte espice delitable,
Que bon mengier fait apres table.
Ou vergier ot arbres domesches,
Qui chargoient et coins et pesches,
Chataignes, nois, pommes et poires,
Nefles, prunes blanches et noires,
<<
Notes, aleys, and bolas,
That for to seen it was solas;
With many high lorer and pyn
Was renged clene al that gardyn; 1380
With cipres, and with oliveres,
Of which that nigh no plente here is.
Ther were elmes grete and stronge,
Maples, asshe, ook, asp, planes longe,
Fyn ew, popler, and lindes faire, 1385
And othere trees ful many a payre.
What sholde I telle you more of it?
Ther were so many trees yit,
That I sholde al encombred be
Er I had rekened every tree. 1390
These trees were set, that I devyse,
Oon from another, in assyse,
Five fadome or sixe, I trowe so,
But they were hye and grete also:
And for to kepe out wel the sonne, 1395
The croppes were so thikke y-ronne,
And every braunch in other knet,
And ful of grene leves set,
That sonne mighte noon descende,
Lest [it] the tendre grasses shende. 1400
>>
Cerises fresches vermeilletes,
Cormes, alies et noisetes; 1360
De haus loriers et de haus pins
Refu tous pueples li jardin,
Et d'oliviers et de cipres,
Dont il n'a gaires ici pres;
Ormes y ot branchus et gros,
Et avec ce charmes et fos,
Codres droites, trembles et chesnes,
Erables haus, sapins et fresnes.
Que vous iroie-je notant?
De divers arbres i ot tant, 1370
Que moult en seroie encombres,
Ains que les eusse nombres.
Sachies por voir, li arbres furent
Si loing a loing cum estre durent.
Li ung fu loing de l'autre assis
Plus de cinq toises, ou de sis:
Mes li rain furent lonc et haut,
Et por le leu garder de chaut,
Furent si espes par deseure,
Que li solaus en nesune eure 1380
Ne pooit a terre descendre,
Ne faire mal a l'erbe tendre.
<<
Ther mighte men does and roes y-see,
And of squirels ful greet plentee,
From bough to bough alwey leping.
Conies ther were also playing,
That comen out of hir claperes 1405
Of sondry colours and maneres,
And maden many a turneying
Upon the fresshe gras springing.
In places saw I WELLES there, THE WELLES.
In whiche ther no frogges were, 1410
And fair in shadwe was every welle;
But I ne can the nombre telle
Of stremes smale, that by devys
Mirthe had don come through condys,
Of which the water, in renning, 1415
Gan make a noyse ful lyking.
About the brinkes of thise welles,
And by the stremes over-al elles
Sprang up the gras, as thikke y-set
And softe as any veluet, 1420
On which men mighte his lemman leye,
As on a fetherbed, to pleye,
For therthe was ful softe and swete.
Through moisture of the welle wete
>>
Ou vergier ot daims et chevrions,
Et moult grant plente d'escoirions,
Qui par ces arbres gravissoient;
Connins i avoit qui issoient
Toute jor hors de lor tesnieres,
Et en plus de trente manieres
Aloient entr'eus tornoiant
Sor l'erbe fresche verdoiant. 1390
Il ot par leus cleres fontaines,
Sans barbelotes et sans raines,
Cui li arbres fesoient umbre;
Mes n'en sai pas dire le numbre.
Par petis tuiaus que Deduis
Y ot fet fere, et par conduis
S'en aloit l'iaue aval, fesant
Une noise douce et plesant.
Entor les ruissiaus et les rives
Des fontaines cleres et vives, 1400
Poignoit l'erbe freschete et drue;
Ausinc y poist-l'en sa drue
Couchier comme sur une coite,
Car la terre estoit douce et moite
Por la fontaine, et i venoit
Tant d'erbe cum il convenoit.
<<
Sprang up the sote grene gras, 1425
As fair, as thikke, as mister was.
But muche amended it the place,
That therthe was of swich a grace
That it of floures had plente,
That both in somer and winter be. 1430
Ther sprang the violete al newe,
And fresshe pervinke, riche of hewe,
And floures yelowe, whyte, and rede;
Swich plentee grew ther never in mede.
Ful gay was al the ground, and queynt, 1435
And poudred, as men had it peynt,
With many a fresh and sondry flour,
That casten up ful good savour.
I wol not longe holde you in fable
Of al this gardin delitable. 1440
I moot my tonge stinten nede,
For I ne may, withouten drede,
Naught tellen you the beautee al,
Ne half the bountee therewithal.
I wente on right honde and on left 1445
Aboute the place; it was not left,
Til I hadde al the [yerde in] been,
In the estres that men mighte seen.
>>
Mes moult embelissoit l'afaire
Li leus qui ere de tel aire,
Qu'il i avoit tous jours plente
De flors et yver et este. 1410
Violete y avoit trop bele,
Et parvenche fresche et novele;
Flors y ot blanches et vermeilles,
De jaunes en i ot merveilles.
Trop par estoit la terre cointe,
Qu'ele ere piolee et pointe
De flors de diverses colors,
Dont moult sunt bonnes les odors.
Ne vous tenrai ja longue fable
Du leu plesant et delitable; 1420
Orendroit m'en convenra taire,
Que ge ne porroie retraire
Du vergier toute la biaute,
Ne la grant delitablete.
Tant fui a destre et a senestre,
Que j'oi tout l'afere et tout l'estre
Du vergier cerchie et veu;
Et li Diex d'Amors m'a seu
<<
And thus whyle I wente in my pley,
The God of Love me folowed ay, 1450
Right as an hunter can abyde
The beste, til he seeth his tyde
To shete, at good mes, to the dere,
Whan that him nedeth go no nere.
And so befil, I rested me 1455
Besyde a welle, under a tree,
Which tree in Fraunce men calle a pyn.
But, sith the tyme of king Pepyn,
Ne grew ther tree in mannes sighte
So fair, ne so wel woxe in highte; 1460
In al that yerde so high was noon.
And springing in a marble-stoon
Had nature set, the sothe to telle,
Under that pyn-tree a welle.
And on the border, al withoute, 1465
Was writen, in the stone aboute,
Lettres smale, that seyden thus,
Here starf the faire Narcisus. '
NARCISUS was a bachelere, NARCISUS.
That Love had caught in his daungere, 1470
And in his net gan him so streyne,
And dide him so to wepe and pleyne,
That nede him muste his lyf forgo.
For a fair lady, hight Echo,
>>
Endementiers en agaitant,
Cum li venieres qui atant 1430
Que la beste en bel leu se mete
Por lessier aler la sajete.
En ung trop biau leu arrive,
Au darrenier, ou je trouve
Une fontaine sous ung pin;
Mais puis Karles le fils Pepin,
Ne fu ausinc biau pin veus,
Et si estoit si haut creus,
Qu'ou vergier n'ot nul si bel arbre.
Dedens une pierre de marbre 1440
Ot nature par grant mestrise
Sous le pin la fontaine assise:
Si ot dedens la pierre escrites
Ou bort amont letres petites
Qui disoient: 'ici desus
Se mori li biaus Narcisus. '
Narcisus fu uns damoisiaus
Que Amors tint en ses roisiaus,
Et tant le sot Amors destraindre,
Et tant le fist plorer et plaindre, 1450
Que li estuet a rendre l'ame:
Car Equo, une haute dame,
<<
Him loved over any creature, 1475
And gan for him swich peyne endure,
That on a tyme she him tolde,
That, if he hir loven nolde,
That hir behoved nedes dye,
Ther lay non other remedye. 1480
But natheles, for his beautee,
So fiers and daungerous was he,
That he nolde graunten hir asking,
For weping, ne for fair praying.
And whan she herde him werne hir so, 1485
She hadde in herte so gret wo,
And took it in so gret dispyt,
That she, withoute more respyt,
Was deed anoon. But, er she deyde,
Ful pitously to god she preyde, 1490
That proude-herted Narcisus,
That was in love so daungerous,
Mighte on a day ben hampred so
For love, and been so hoot for wo,
That never he mighte Ioye atteyne; 1495
Than shulde he fele in every veyne
What sorowe trewe lovers maken,
That been so vilaynsly forsaken.
>>
L'avoit ame plus que riens nee.
El fu par lui si mal menee
Qu'ele li dist qu'il li donroit
S'amor, ou ele se morroit.
Mes cis fu por sa grant biaute
Plains de desdaing et de fierte,
Si ne la li volt otroier,
Ne por chuer, ne por proier. 1460
Quant ele s'oi escondire,
Si en ot tel duel et tel ire,
Et le tint en si grant despit,
Que morte en fu sans lonc respit;
Mes aincois qu'ele se morist,
Ele pria Diex et requist
Que Narcisus au cuer ferasche,
Qu'ele ot trove d'amors si flasche,
Fust asproies encore ung jor,
Et eschaufes d'autel amor 1470
Dont il ne peust joie atendre;
Si porroit savoir et entendre
Quel duel ont li loial amant
Que l'en refuse si vilment.
<<
This prayer was but resonable,
Therefor god held it ferme and stable: 1500
For Narcisus, shortly to telle,
By aventure com to that welle
To reste him in that shadowing
A day, whan he com fro hunting.
This Narcisus had suffred paynes 1505
For renning alday in the playnes,
And was for thurst in greet distresse
Of hete, and of his werinesse
That hadde his breeth almost binomen.
Whan he was to that welle y-comen, 1510
That shadwed was with braunches grene,
He thoughte of thilke water shene
To drinke and fresshe him wel withalle;
And doun on knees he gan to falle,
And forth his heed and nekke out-straughte 1515
To drinken of that welle a draughte
And in the water anoon was sene
His nose, his mouth, his yen shene,
And he ther-of was al abasshed;
His owne shadowe had him bitrasshed. 1520
For wel wende he the forme see
Of a child of greet beautee.
>>
Cele proiere fu resnable,
Et por ce la fist Diex estable,
Que Narcisus, par aventure,
A la fontaine clere et pure
Se vint sous le pin umbroier,
Ung jour qu'il venoit d'archoier, 1480
Et avoit soffert grant travail
De corre et amont et aval,
Tant qu'il ot soif por l'asprete
Du chault, et por la lassete
Qui li ot tolue l'alaine.
Et quant il vint a la fontaine
Que li pins de ses rains covroit,
Il se pensa que il bevroit:
Sus la fontaine, tout adens
Se mist lors por boivre dedans. 1490
Si vit en l'iaue clere et nete
Son vis, son nes et sa bouchete,
Et cis maintenant s'esbahi;
Car ses umbres l'ot si trahi,
Que cuida veoir la figure
D'ung enfant bel a desmesure.
<<
Wel couthe Love him wreke tho
Of daunger and of pryde also,
That Narcisus somtyme him bere. 1525
He quitte him wel his guerdon there;
For he so musede in the welle,
That, shortly al the sothe to telle,
He lovede his owne shadowe so,
That atte laste he starf for wo. 1530
For whan he saugh that he his wille
Mighte in no maner wey fulfille,
And that he was so faste caught
That he him couthe comfort naught,
He loste his wit right in that place, 1535
And deyde within a litel space.
And thus his warisoun he took
For the lady that he forsook.
Ladyes, I preye ensample taketh,
Ye that ayeins your love mistaketh: 1540
For if hir deeth be yow to wyte,
God can ful wel your whyle quyte.
Whan that this lettre, of whiche I telle,
Had taught me that it was the welle
Of Narcisus in his beautee, 1545
I gan anoon withdrawe me,
>>
Lors se sot bien Amors vengier
Du grant orguel et du dangier
Que Narcisus li ot mene.
Lors li fu bien guerredone, 1500
Qu'il musa tant a la fontaine,
Qu'il ama son umbre demaine,
Si en fu mors a la parclose.
Ce est la somme de la chose:
Car quant il vit qu'il ne porroit
Acomplir ce qu'il desirroit,
Et qu'il i fu si pris par sort,
Qu'il n'en pooit avoir confort
En nule guise, n'en nul sens,
Il perdi d'ire tout le sens, 1510
Et fu mors en poi de termine.
Ainsinc si ot de la meschine
Qu'il avoit d'amors escondite,
Son guerredon et sa merite.
Dames, cest exemple aprenes,
Qui vers vos amis mesprenes;
Car se vous les lessies morir,
Diex le vous sara bien merir.
Quant li escris m'ot fait savoir
Que ce estoit tretout por voir 1520
La fontaine au biau Narcisus,
Je m'en trais lors ung poi en sus,
<<
Whan it fel in my remembraunce,
That him bitidde swich mischaunce.
But at the laste than thoughte I,
That scatheles, ful sikerly, 1550
I mighte unto THE WELLE go. THE WELLE.
Wherof shulde I abasshen so?
Unto the welle than wente I me,
And doun I louted for to see
The clere water in the stoon, 1555
And eek the gravel, which that shoon
Down in the botme, as silver fyn;
For of the welle, this is the fyn,
In world is noon so cleer of hewe.
The water is ever fresh and newe 1560
That welmeth up with wawes brighte
The mountance of two finger highte.
Abouten it is gras springing,
For moiste so thikke and wel lyking,
That it ne may in winter dye, 1565
No more than may the see be drye.
Down at the botme set saw I
Two cristal stones craftely
In thilke fresshe and faire welle.
But o thing soothly dar I telle, 1570
>>
Que dedens n'osai regarder,
Ains commencai a coarder,
Quant de Narcisus me sovint,
Cui malement en mesavint;
Mes ge me pensai qu'asseur,
Sans paor de maves eur,
A la fontaine aler pooie,
Por folie m'en esmaioie. 1530
De la fontaine m'apressai,
Quant ge fui pres, si m'abessai
Por veoir l'iaue qui coroit,
Et la gravele qui paroit
Au fons plus clere qu'argens fins,
De la fontaine c'est la fins.
En tout le monde n'ot si bele,
L'iaue est tousdis fresche et novele,
Qui nuit et jor sourt a grans ondes
Par deux doiz creuses et parfondes. 1540
Tout entour point l'erbe menue,
Qui vient por l'iaue espesse et drue,
Et en iver ne puet morir
Ne que l'iaue ne puet tarir.
Ou fons de la fontaine aval
Avoit deux pierres de cristal
Qu'a grande entente remirai,
Et une chose vous dirai,
<<
That ye wol holde a greet mervayle
Whan it is told, withouten fayle.
For whan the sonne, cleer in sighte,
Cast in that welle his bemes brighte,
And that the heet descended is, 1575
Than taketh the cristal stoon, y-wis,
Agayn the sonne an hundred hewes,
Blewe, yelowe, and rede, that fresh and newe is.
Yit hath the merveilous cristal
Swich strengthe, that the place overal, 1580
Bothe fowl and tree, and leves grene,
And al the yerd in it is sene.
And for to doon you understonde,
To make ensample wol I fonde;
Right as a mirour openly 1585
Sheweth al thing that stant therby,
As wel the colour as the figure,
Withouten any coverture;
Right so the cristal stoon, shyning,
Withouten any disceyving, 1590
The estres of the yerde accuseth
To him that in the water museth;
For ever, in which half that he be,
He may wel half the gardin see;
>>
Qu'a merveilles, ce cuit, tenres
Tout maintenant que vous l'orres. 1550
Quant li solaus qui tout aguete,
Ses rais en la fontaine giete,
Et la clartes aval descent,
Lors perent colors plus de cent
Ou cristal, qui por le soleil
Devient ynde, jaune et vermeil:
Si ot le cristal merveilleus
Itel force que tous li leus,
Arbres et flors et quanqu'aorne
Li vergiers, i pert tout aorne; 1560
Et por faire la chose entendre,
Un essample vous veil aprendre.
Ainsinc cum li mireors montre
Les choses qui li sunt encontre,
Et y voit-l'en sans coverture
Et lor color, et lor figure;
Tretout ausinc vous dis por voir,
Que li cristal, sans decevoir,
Tout l'estre du vergier accusent
A ceus qui dedens l'iaue musent: 1570
Car tous jours quelque part qu'il soient,
L'une moitie du vergier voient;
<<
And if he turne, he may right wel 1595
Seen the remenaunt everydel.
For ther is noon so litel thing
So hid, ne closed with shitting,
That it ne is sene, as though it were
Peynted in the cristal there. 1600
This is the mirour perilous,
In which the proude Narcisus
Saw al his face fair and bright,
That made him sith to lye upright.
For who-so loke in that mirour, 1605
Ther may no-thing ben his socour
That he ne shal ther seen som thing
That shal him lede into [loving].
Ful many a worthy man hath it
Y-blent; for folk of grettest wit 1610
Ben sone caught here and awayted;
Withouten respyt been they bayted.
Heer comth to folk of-newe rage,
Heer chaungeth many wight corage;
Heer lyth no reed ne wit therto; 1615
For Venus sone, daun Cupido,
Hath sowen there of love the seed,
That help ne lyth ther noon, ne reed,
>>
Et s'il se tornent maintenant,
Pueent veoir le remenant.
Si n'i a si petite chose,
Tant reposte, ne tant enclose,
Dont demonstrance n'i soit faite,
Cum s'ele iert es cristaus portraite.
C'est li mireoirs perilleus,
Ou Narcisus li orguilleus 1580
Mira sa face et ses yex vers,
Dont il jut puis mors tout envers.
Qui en cel mireor se mire,
Ne puet avoir garant de mire,
Que tel chose a ses yex ne voie,
Qui d'amer l'a tost mis en voie.
Maint vaillant homme a mis a glaive
Cis mireors, car li plus saive,
Li plus preus, li miex afetie
I sunt tost pris et aguetie. 1590
Ci sourt as gens novele rage,
Ici se changent li corage;
Ci n'a mestier sens, ne mesure,
Ci est d'amer volente pure;
Ci ne se set conseiller nus;
Car Cupido, li fils Venus,
<<
So cercleth it the welle aboute.
His ginnes hath he set withoute 1620
Right for to cacche in his panteres
These damoysels and bacheleres.
Love wil noon other bridde cacche,
Though he sette either net or lacche.
And for the seed that heer was sowen, 1625
This welle is cleped, as wel is knowen,
The Welle of Love, of verray right,
Of which ther hath ful many a wight
Spoke in bokes dyversely.
But they shulle never so verily 1630
Descripcioun of the welle here,
Ne eek the sothe of this matere,
As ye shulle, whan I have undo
The craft that hir bilongeth to.
Alway me lyked for to dwelle, 1635
To seen the cristal in the welle,
That shewed me ful openly
A thousand thinges faste by.
But I may saye, in sory houre
Stood I to loken or to poure; 1640
For sithen [have] I sore syked,
That mirour hath me now entryked.
>>
Sema ici d'Amors la graine
Qui toute a cainte la fontaine;
Et fist ses las environ tendre,
Et ses engins i mist por prendre 1600
Damoiseles et Damoisiaus;
Qu'Amors ne velt autres oisiaus.
Por la graine qui fu semee,
Fu cele fontaine clamee
La Fontaine d'Amors par droit,
Dont plusors ont en maint endroit
Parle, en romans et en livre;
Mais james n'orrez miex descrivre
La verite de la matere,
Cum ge la vous vodre retrere. 1610
Ades me plot a demorer
A la fontaine, et remirer
Les deus cristaus qui me monstroient
Mil choses qui ilec estoient.
Mes de fort hore m'i mire:
Las! tant en ai puis souspire!
Cis mireors m'a deceu;
Se j'eusse avant cogneu
<<
But hadde I first knowen in my wit
The vertue and [the] strengthe of it,
I nolde not have mused there; 1645
Me hadde bet ben elles-where;
For in the snare I fel anoon,
That hath bitraisshed many oon.
In thilke mirour saw I tho,
Among a thousand thinges mo, 1650
A ROSER charged ful of roses, THE ROSER.
That with an hegge aboute enclos is.
Tho had I swich lust and envye,
That, for Parys ne for Pavye,
Nolde I have left to goon and see 1655
Ther grettest hepe of roses be.
Whan I was with this rage hent,
That caught hath many a man and shent,
Toward the roser gan I go.
And whan I was not fer therfro, 1660
The savour of the roses swote
Me smoot right to the herte rote,
As I hadde al embawmed [be. ]
And if I ne hadde endouted me
To have ben hated or assailed, 1665
My thankes, wolde I not have failed
>>
Quex sa force ert et sa vertu,
Ne m'i fusse ja embatu: 1620
Car meintenant ou las chai
Qui meint homme ont pris et trai.
Ou miroer entre mil choses,
Choisi rosiers chargies de roses,
Qui estoient en ung detor
D'une haie clos tout entor:
Adont m'en prist si grant envie,
Que ne laissasse por Pavie,
Ne por Paris, que ge n'alasse
La ou ge vi la greignor masse. 1630
Quant cele rage m'ot si pris,
Dont maint ont este entrepris,
Vers les rosiers tantost me tres;
Et sachies que quant g'en fui pres,
L'oudor des roses savorees
M'entra ens jusques es corees,
Que por noient fusse embasmes:
Se assailli ou mesames
<<
To pulle a rose of al that route
To beren in myn honde aboute,
And smellen to it wher I wente;
But ever I dredde me to repente, 1670
And lest it greved or for-thoughte
The lord that thilke gardyn wroughte.
Of roses were ther gret woon,
So faire wexe never in roon.
Of knoppes clos, some saw I there, 1675
And some wel beter woxen were;
And some ther been of other moysoun,
That drowe nigh to hir sesoun,
And spedde hem faste for to sprede;
I love wel swiche roses rede; 1680
For brode roses, and open also,
Ben passed in a day or two;
But knoppes wilen fresshe be
Two dayes atte leest, or three.
The knoppes gretly lyked me, 1685
For fairer may ther no man see.
Who-so mighte haven oon of alle,
It oughte him been ful leef withalle.
Mighte I [a] gerlond of hem geten,
For no richesse I wolde it leten. 1690
>>
Ne cremisse estre, g'en cuillisse,
Au mains une que ge tenisse 1640
En ma main, por l'odor sentir;
Mes paor oi du repentir:
Car il en peust de legier
Peser au seignor du vergier.
Des roses i ot grans monciaus,
Si beles ne vit homs sous ciaus;
Boutons i ot petit et clos,
Et tiex qui sunt ung poi plus gros.
Si en i ot d'autre moison
Qui se traient a lor soison, 1650
Et s'aprestoient d'espanir,
Et cil ne font pas a hair.
Les roses overtes et lees
Sunt en ung jor toutes alees;
Mes li bouton durent trois frois
A tout le mains deux jors ou trois.
Icil bouton forment me plurent,
Oncques plus bel nul leu ne crurent.
Qui en porroit ung acroichier,
Il le devroit avoir moult chier; 1660
S'ung chapel en peusse avoir,
Je n'en preisse nul avoir.
<<
Among THE KNOPPES I chees oon THE KNOPPE.
So fair, that of the remenaunt noon
Ne preyse I half so wel as it,
Whan I avyse it in my wit.
For it so wel was enlumyned 1695
With colour reed, as wel [y]-fyned
As nature couthe it make faire.
And it had leves wel foure paire,
That Kinde had set through his knowing
Aboute the rede rose springing. 1700
The stalke was as risshe right,
And theron stood the knoppe upright,
That it ne bowed upon no syde.
The swote smelle sprong so wyde
That it dide al the place aboute-- 1705
>>
Entre ces boutons en eslui
Ung si tres-bel, qu'envers celui
Nus des autres riens ne prisie,
Puis que ge l'oi bien avisie:
Car une color l'enlumine,
Qui est si vermeille et si fine,
Com Nature la pot plus faire.
Des foilles i ot quatre paire 1670
Que Nature par grant mestire
I ot assises tire a tire.
La coe ot droite comme jons,
Et par dessus siet li boutons,
Si qu'il ne cline, ne ne pent.
L'odor de lui entor s'espent;
La soatime qui en ist
Toute la place replenist. 1678
G. = Glasgow MS. ; Th. = Thynne's ed. (1532).
1-44. _Lost in_ G. ; _from_ Th. 3. Th. some sweuen; _but the pl. is
required_. 4. Th. that false ne bene. 5. Th. apparaunt. 6. Th. warraunt.
12. Th. els; _om. _ a. 13, 14. Th. fal, cal; fole.
23. Th. folke; went. 25. Th. slepte. 26. Th. suche. 27. Th. lyked; wele.
28. Th. dele. 29. Th. afterwarde befal. 30. Th. dreme; tel; al. 31. Th.
Nowe; dreme. 35. Th. there. 37. Th. Howe; _om. _ that _and_ the. 38. Th.
hatte; _read_ hote.
39. Ed. 1550, Romaunte. 40. Th. arte. 42. Th. graunt me in; _omit_ me. 45.
_Here begins_ G. 46. Th. to be; G. _torn_. 47. Th. G. ought. 49. G. Th.
thought. 55. G. Th. bene. 56. G. Th. wrene. 59. G. erth. G. Th. proude. 61.
G.
