The fame of this holy pilgrim has been set forth by Sylvanus Razzius and Caesar Franchiotti,
when treating about the saints of Etruria.
when treating about the saints of Etruria.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
'' The death of Saran, abbot of Bangor, occurred, in the year of our Lord 742.
5 His feast occurs at this date, likewise, in the
6
Article IV. —St. Nathi, of CuilSaccaile, in Dalaradia, County of Down. We find entered, at the ist of August, in the Martyrology of
1
Tallagh, that veneration was given to Nathi, Chule Sacaille. This place
must probably be identified with Cuil Fuitheirbe, in the Dalaradian territory.
meaning it may be supposed, that expansion Article HI. —» Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, or lake, formed by the junction of that river p. xxx. The copy in the Book of Leinster with the Fergus. See "Monasticon Hi- has Sap^m benchop.
Martyrology of Donegal.
bernicum," p. 47.
15 " Ware has not the Inchmore in Clare,
nor has Harris ; Archdall has both it and
the one in Roscommon, jumbling together the accounts of them in a manner, wh ch is
a
See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
"
char>. x. , sect. I, n. 14, pp. 5, 6.
16
See "Trias Thaumatur^a. " Septima Vita S. Patricii. Lib. ii. , cap. exxxi. , pp. 146, 147, and nn. 207, 208, pp. 182, 183.
17 Also Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 267.
*»
Edited by Rev. Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 208, 209.
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
471, 472.
s See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 342, ^43.
It is probable, that Saran was appointed his immediate
Archaeological Association of Ireland, "vol. i. not worth unravelling. "—Dr. Lanigan's Fourth Series. April, 1871. No. 6, pp.
Four Masters,'' vol. i. , pp. 320, 321.
3 In Irish Cill SapAn.
* See "Journal of the Historical and
6
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
"
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxxi. That copy in the Book of Leinster at the Kalends of August has UacIh CuU>
SaccaiIU.
208, 209. — Article iv.
August i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 19
However,theexactlocalityisnotknown. TheHistoryoftheSaintsstates
2 that there is a Nathi, Bishop, and that he was the son of
Senach, sprung from the race of Mesincorb, of Leinster. With this coincides
the statement of Roderick O'Flaherty, 3 and of another record to be found in
the Book of Lecan,* where this saint is called Nathias of Cuil-fothribh, in
Dalaradia. Although placed by Rev. William Reeves in his local Calendar,
where he was venerated. 5 Under the head of Cuil Sacaille—also rendered Cill or Cluian—Duald Mac Firbis enters Nathi, bishop of Cuil Fothairbe, or Fuithirbe, or of Cuil Sacaille, at August 1st. 6 This Nathi's name appears also in the Martyrology of Donegal ? at the same date, as Nathi, Bishop of Cuil Fuitheirbe.
Article V. —St. Lachten Fothirbe, or Laichtein. In the Mar-
of 1 at the 1st of August, appears the name of Lachten tyrology Tallagh,
Fothirbe,ashavingvenerationpaidhim. Aconjecturehasbeenofferedby
Article VI. —St. Dolochus or Tolochus. In our earlier calendars,
we do not find any entry corresponding with the present, at this date. However, there is a Dolochus or Tolochus entered at the 1st of August, in
1
the anonymous Calendar of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullivan Beare. The Bollandists 2 allude to this entry, in the Irish tablets, at this same date ; but, nothing more could they give regarding his acts, age or cultus.
1
in the
poem,
the learned antiquary and topographer does not attempt to identify that spot,
2 that he be the Lactan or Lactantius, who was the may possibly
Colgan,
companion and disciple to the illustrious St. Fursey,3 the Abbot of Lagny. The simple entry of Laichtein occurs in the Martyrology of Donegal/ at this same date. This may possibly be the day for his festival, although he is already noticed under the 26th day of June,
Article VII. —Subach: of Corann, County of Sligo.
According to the Martyrology of Donegal, a festival to honour Subach, of Corann, was celebrated at the 1st of August. In a table appended to this work, he receives the Latin appelation, Hilarius. 2 Corann is now the name given to
a barony, in the county of Sligo. 3
Article VIII. —St. Soicheall or Sacell, Bishop of Bais-liac-mor, nowBaslick,CountyofRoscommon. AccordingtotheMartyrologiesof
'
2 A note by Rev. Dr. Todd has it: "Meaning the Poetical History of the Saints, called the Naomhsenchus. "
3 See " Ogygia," Pars, iii. , cap. li. , p. 293. * At Fob 134. b. b.
5 See " Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down,
ConnorandDromore. " AppendixLL. , p. 379, and n. (z. ) ibid.
Drs. Todd and Reeves,
—
p. xxxi. In the Book of Leinster copy it
reads thus
2 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise. " xvi.
Januarii. Appendix ad Acta S. Furssei, cap. vi. , p. 96, and xi. Februarii. Vita S. Fursaei,
cap. xii. , and n. 12, pp. 291, 299.
3 See his Life, in the First Volume of this
work, at the 16th of January, Art. i. 4EditedbyRev. Drs. ToddandReeves,
pp. 208, 209. "
Article vi. —' See Historic Catholic*
Ibernise Compendium. " Tomus i. , Lib. iv. ,
cap. xi. , p. 50.
* See "Acta Sanctorum, Tomusi. Augusti
6 See
part i. , pp. 102, 103, 104, 105.
of the Royal Irish Academy. " Irish MSS. Series. Vol. i. ,
7 Edited
"
i. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 3.
by 208, 209.
pp.
Article v.
x
Edited by
Rev. Dr.
Article vii. — Reeves, pp. 208, 209.
"Proceedings
;
Uchcni
Vochipbe.
a Sec ibid. , pp. 472, 473.
The Irish word
Kelly,
'
Edited Drs. Todd and by
20 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[August i.
Marianas O'Gorman, of Maguire and of Donegal, 1 veneration was
at the ist of August, to Soicheall. In the opinion of the compiler of the latter Calendar, he was that bishop Soicheall, who is mentioned as an assistant in the Life of St. Patrick. 2 His church was called Bois-leac-mor, now known as Baslick,3 in the barony of Castlereagh, and county of Roscommon. It was
in the district and deanery of Siol Muiredhaigh, Diocese of Elphin. The remains of the old parish church* are situated within a cemetery enclosed by
iron
railings,
and still used forjinterments. 5 sets Sacell down as a Colgan
6 Other accounts have him as
Baslick is one of considerable extent,8 and formerly it was a vicarage, as also a part of the benefice and prebend of Ballintober. 9
ArticleIX. —FestivalforSt. Peregrinus. FromoneoftheEpistlesof
1
St. Jerome it would seem, that the British Christians were specially addicted
"
bishop.
bishop
or abbot. ? The of parish
Heaven stands open," he says with a touch of ""
to religious pilgrimage.
irony, in Britain as well as at Jerusalem ; and, in another place, speaking
u
the Britons, though divided from the rest of the world, quit their western sun and go in quest of a climate, which they know nothing of, unless by report, and from the history of the Bible. " 2 The Irish of a later period were accustomed to emulate their practice. Among the holy pilgrims, Colgan 3 desired to commemorate at the ist of August,* was one, who is claimed to have been Irish, although his family name does not appeartobeknown. Therearesomanyincongruousstatements,however, regarding the period and the acts of this pious hermit, that it becomes difficult to decide on their authenticity or authority.
The fame of this holy pilgrim has been set forth by Sylvanus Razzius and Caesar Franchiotti,
when treating about the saints of Etruria. The whole foundation for most of the modern accounts rests on the so-called Life of Peregrinus, printed at Modena, but of very little authority. Some doubts have been entertained
regarding his nationality, and we should require better authority for the following statement. At Modena and Lucca, in Italy, was celebrated on this day a festival to honour the Pilgrim son of a King, and who was also a hermit, according to Thomas Dempster,s claiming him as a Scottish saint. Again, in his Ecclesiastical History of Scotland, Dempster alludes to an
anonymous Italian Life of Peregrinus, which Peregrinus Capius published,
of pilgrimages, he says, that
subac/i, signifies "merry "or "joyful. "
3 See Dr. O'Donovan's '• Annals of the
FourMasters,"vol. i. , n. (b. )p. 311. Articleviii. —-1 EditedbyDrs. Toddand
Article ix. —' See " 2 See Colgan's " Trias Thaumaturga," Ad Paulinum.
Reeves, pp. 208, 209.
: Opera. "Epist. 13.
Epist : 17. St. Jerome was born about the year 331, of an honourable and a Catholic family, and he departed this Ballintobber. See Arch'lall's " Monasticon life, on the 30th of September, a. d. 419.
Vita S.
8 ibid. ii. , cap. lii. , p. See
Septima
136, and n. 104, p. 177.
lib.
Patricii,
3 Formerly it was in the old barony of
Hibernicum," p. 601.
* See "Trias Thaumaturga," n. I04,p. 177. s See Lewis' Topographical Dictionary of
Ireland, vol. i. , p. 188.
6
See "Trias Thaumaturga. " Quinta Ap- penctix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 267. 7 An abbey was formerly here, during and probably before the eighth century, as we
See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of the Saints," vol. ix. September 30, pp. 450 to 464.
find the death of Coimac, son of Muirghius, torum " Mutinae et Luca> Peregrini Regis
:
Abbot of Baisleac, recorded at a. d. 800. filii et Eremite. " " Carp. "—bishop Forbes' See Dr. O'Dovovan's V Annals of the Four " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 207.
Masters," vol. i. , pp. 410, 411. 8 It comprises 15,396 acres.
^See"ParliamentaryGazetteerofIreland," vol. i. , p. 227.
. 3 See "
qua? MS. habentur, Ordine Mcnsium et Dierum. "
< As stated by Charles McDonnell, Esq.
s Thus entered in his Menologhim Sco-
Catalogus
Actuum Sanctorum
given,
August i. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 21
and which is said to abound in fables. However, in reference to the subject of his special biography, the Scottish writer does not scruple to add in- ventions of his own. 6 In another work, the Etruria Regalis,? Dempster has likewise a notice of this holy pilgrim. The Bollandists have supplied some
records at this same regardinghim,
8 his has become so date; but, history
obscure, that they deem those Acts 9 concerning him to abound in fables.
These are published from two different copies, closely agreeing however, and
a critical commentary is prefixed in ten paragraphs.
In Les Pe—tits Bollan-
" IO
Vies des — are notices of this St.
also called
distes, Saints,"
Peregrin
Pe'legrin and Pelegrini the hermit, at this 1st day of August. Various con-
jectures have been offered regarding the period of St. Peregrinus ; while
some writers have suggested the fourth century, others have the fifth, sixth or seventh, and others a much later date. His native country has also been questioned. Those Acts which have been published seem to indicate, that
11
soon after the light of the Gospel began to shine in northern Scotia,
there was a superior king named Romanus, of illustrious descent, married to a
named
their possessions, they had no heir a favour they earnestly besought of 1me Almighty. ^ Theirprayerswereheard,whentheyhadaheavenlymonition, that a son should be born to them, and that his name should be Peregrinus. From his very birth, miracles announced his future sanctity. His education was carefully attended to, and his youthful aspirations were directed less to earthlythantoheavenlythings. Attheageoffifteen,deathdeprivedhimof both parents. Then, the barons of the kingdom proposed, that he should reign over them ; but, he declared his intention to follow the advice con- tained in the Gospel : "If you desire to be perfect, go and sell all that you possess and give to the poor, then come and follow rae. " This he put into
noble
spouse,
who— riches and
Plantula, possessed honours,
practice ; and, dividing the proceeds among poor orphans and widows, he took the pilgrim's staff and habit, setting out during the night, and taking his way towards Jerusalem, in order to visit the place where the body of our Lord Jesus Christ had been consigned to the sepulchre. On the way, he
underwent great privations, and having fallen into the hands of robbers, they beat him with clubs, and left him only half alive. For this action, they were
miraculously punished, but they afterwards repented of their crime, through the exhortation of the holy pilgrim. He travelled into Palestine, and he dwelt in other provinces, during the period of his exile. Much of what is
1
stated, however, regarding his adventures, is clearly fabulous. * It is related
in the Acts, that Peregnuus visited all the chief places in Judea rendered
venerable, owing to their connexion with the Annunciation, Birth, Baptism, Death, Sepulture and Ascension of our Divine Lord ; as also that place in
the Desert, called Quarantena, where Christ fasted forty days and forty
• while he went to the tained a special veneration.
6 See " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. xv. , num. 1005,
of St. for whom he enter- Catherine,
nights
oratory
His life was also one of continuous austerity,
1-
7 This work was printed at the expense
10 See Tome ix. , p. 176.
"The Acts state, "Scotia ab Aquilone sita est. "
" Les Petis Bollandists, write in their
PP- 53°> S3
of Mr. Thomas
" C'eta—it un prince issu du sang royal dTrlande. "
Tome ix. Premier Jour d'Aout, p. 176.
I3 According to Father Stephen White Peregrinus was son to a king of old Scotia,
who resolved as a pilgrim to leave his native country. See "Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. iv. , p. 40.
Coke,
afterwards Earl of
"Vies des Saints" of
Peregrin ;
Leicester. It was published at Florence, in
two volumes folio, a. d. 1723.
8
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Au- gusti i. De S. Peregrino Confessore apud Alpes, Mutinam inter et Lucam in Italia,
pp. 75 to 80,
9
They are in eighteen paragraphs.
18 but for
22 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August i.
abstinence and prayer. He was tempted by the Devil, but the assault was
victoriously repelled. In fine, he is said to have spent forty years in a grove and unmolested by any human creature ; thus resembling the Israelites, who wandered over forty years through the Desert, before they entered the land of promise. Afterwards, the account has it, that Palestine had been then in the hands of Infidels, 1 * when our saint resolved to announce the religion of Christ even in the court of Soldan or Saladin, and among the Saracens. This so enraged them, that he was dragged from a pulpit, with a rope about his neck, into one of their mosques or synagogues, so that he might offer incense to Mahomet. Refusing to do so, he was consigned to a dark and loathsome prison, where he was loaded with chains, and left without food for several days and nights. From this dungeon, he was miraculously released bytheLord. Thenfollowsanaccountofhowtheholypilgrimunderwent an ordeal by fire before Soldan and the Saracens, without his suffering any hurt, which caused the king to magnify the Lord of the Christians, and to dismiss his servant, with gifts and honours. Soldan asked his prayers, moreover, and all those Saracens who were spectators of the wonders wrought were wholly astonished. Afterwards, Peregrinus intended to preach the Gospel to other Saracens ; but, he heard a voice from heaven, and which pro- claimed to him, that he should leave Palestine for Italy, where he was to meet with the place destined for his rest. On the shore, he found a ship ready to sail, and in this he embarked ; but, the legend relates, that the Devil raised a storm, and urged the sailors to cast Peregrinus into the sea. This they did accordingly ; however, the servant of God was miraculously rescued from the boiling waves. He landed at Ancona, where he was hospitably received
by the people, and there he dwelt in an hospital assigned for the poor.
Afterwards, he resolved on visiting the shrines of the Apostles St. Peter and
St. Paul, as also the tomb of St. Nicholas. It is stated, likewise, that he
went to the mountain of Gargano, where the church of St. Michael the
16 1
Archangel had been built. ? While he prayed before its altar, he heard
thevoiceofanangelsayingtohim "Gotothedarkwoodandthitheryou :
shall safely journey ; yet, those passing through it are killed by Devils, whom you shall put to flight from that place, whence you shall attain to the crown
of eternal life. " When Peregrinus declared his willingness to obey, a bright star was presented to his view, and he was told to follow it for guidance to thatwood. Thestardisappeared,whenhehadcometothespotindicated, and he heard a voice from heaven " Behold the of trial. "
On arriving there, he chose for his habitation a solitude among the Italian Alps,
near Modena. 18 to his was on a mountain According Ferrarius, hermitage
14
See "Dempster's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. xv. , num. 1005, p. 530.
from the fifth century, when St. Michael the Archangel admonished the bishop of Siponto in a vision to erect it. The place
it,
Mahomet, born in 569, and dying in 632, had founded a new and fanatical sect, that spread over Arabia and throughout the
'•
adjoining countries. See Ockley's
of the Saracens," pp. 5 to 61. Bonn's edition.
16
Monte-de-Sant-Angelo,
in these terms
ritio Sancti Michaelis Archangeli. "—" Mar-
one of pilgrimage, and devout clients of St. Michael then continued to frequent his church, See Father John Mabillon 's " Acta Sanc-
torum Ordinis S. Benedicti," sec. iii. , pars.
:
tyrologium Romanum Gregorii xiii. ,"&c. p. 65. Editio Novissima, Romae, 1878, fol.
11 This is stated to have existed there
i. , p. 85,
n.
4.
History
saying, place thy
15 Some accounts have
Mahometans, whose celebrated Prophet the Capitanate, near Manfredonia, within
that these were
is now known as
His local feast there is thus recorded in
the Roman Martyrology, at the 8th of May, records and documents. The place is still
" In monte Gargano Appa-
in
the former Kingdom of Naples. This his- toryis confirmed bySigebert, in his Chronicle, but there are conflicting dates for its occur- rence among various writers. The learned Mabillon visited that part of Italy, where he made a critical examination of the old
August i. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 23
called Letho, or Lethus, mentioned by Livy, as that part of the Apennine mountains, where Hannibal passed into Italy, between Modena and Lucca. 1 ^ From him, a chain of the hills is called Monti di Santi 20
Apennine Pellegrini. There, for forty years, he led a most austere and eremitical life, while he was distinguished for his great virtues. 21 In that place, a host of demons sought to terrify the holy pilgrim, by horrible phantasms and noises ; but he, invoking the Divine assistance, put them all to flight. Moreover, the whole province of Lombardy, and also those districts of Tuscany and of Romandiola, that had heretofore been subject to demoniac influences, were thenceforth released from such incantations. When the evil spirits had been banished, the holy pilgrim gave thanks to God, and he called that desert Silva Romanesca. There,too,heenteredacavern,whichhadbeenoccupiedby a female leopard and by her cubs ; while, wonderful to relate ! when Pere-
grinus came thither, they prostrated themselves at his feet, and quietly left of their own accord. Then he took possession of that cave, and there he led a solitary life. Only once each day was he known to partake of food or drink ; he fed on wild herbs and roots, which the leopard is said to have brought him, while his drink was simply the dews that came from heaven.
6
Article IV. —St. Nathi, of CuilSaccaile, in Dalaradia, County of Down. We find entered, at the ist of August, in the Martyrology of
1
Tallagh, that veneration was given to Nathi, Chule Sacaille. This place
must probably be identified with Cuil Fuitheirbe, in the Dalaradian territory.
meaning it may be supposed, that expansion Article HI. —» Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, or lake, formed by the junction of that river p. xxx. The copy in the Book of Leinster with the Fergus. See "Monasticon Hi- has Sap^m benchop.
Martyrology of Donegal.
bernicum," p. 47.
15 " Ware has not the Inchmore in Clare,
nor has Harris ; Archdall has both it and
the one in Roscommon, jumbling together the accounts of them in a manner, wh ch is
a
See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
"
char>. x. , sect. I, n. 14, pp. 5, 6.
16
See "Trias Thaumatur^a. " Septima Vita S. Patricii. Lib. ii. , cap. exxxi. , pp. 146, 147, and nn. 207, 208, pp. 182, 183.
17 Also Quinta Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 267.
*»
Edited by Rev. Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 208, 209.
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
471, 472.
s See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 342, ^43.
It is probable, that Saran was appointed his immediate
Archaeological Association of Ireland, "vol. i. not worth unravelling. "—Dr. Lanigan's Fourth Series. April, 1871. No. 6, pp.
Four Masters,'' vol. i. , pp. 320, 321.
3 In Irish Cill SapAn.
* See "Journal of the Historical and
6
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
"
Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxxi. That copy in the Book of Leinster at the Kalends of August has UacIh CuU>
SaccaiIU.
208, 209. — Article iv.
August i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 19
However,theexactlocalityisnotknown. TheHistoryoftheSaintsstates
2 that there is a Nathi, Bishop, and that he was the son of
Senach, sprung from the race of Mesincorb, of Leinster. With this coincides
the statement of Roderick O'Flaherty, 3 and of another record to be found in
the Book of Lecan,* where this saint is called Nathias of Cuil-fothribh, in
Dalaradia. Although placed by Rev. William Reeves in his local Calendar,
where he was venerated. 5 Under the head of Cuil Sacaille—also rendered Cill or Cluian—Duald Mac Firbis enters Nathi, bishop of Cuil Fothairbe, or Fuithirbe, or of Cuil Sacaille, at August 1st. 6 This Nathi's name appears also in the Martyrology of Donegal ? at the same date, as Nathi, Bishop of Cuil Fuitheirbe.
Article V. —St. Lachten Fothirbe, or Laichtein. In the Mar-
of 1 at the 1st of August, appears the name of Lachten tyrology Tallagh,
Fothirbe,ashavingvenerationpaidhim. Aconjecturehasbeenofferedby
Article VI. —St. Dolochus or Tolochus. In our earlier calendars,
we do not find any entry corresponding with the present, at this date. However, there is a Dolochus or Tolochus entered at the 1st of August, in
1
the anonymous Calendar of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullivan Beare. The Bollandists 2 allude to this entry, in the Irish tablets, at this same date ; but, nothing more could they give regarding his acts, age or cultus.
1
in the
poem,
the learned antiquary and topographer does not attempt to identify that spot,
2 that he be the Lactan or Lactantius, who was the may possibly
Colgan,
companion and disciple to the illustrious St. Fursey,3 the Abbot of Lagny. The simple entry of Laichtein occurs in the Martyrology of Donegal/ at this same date. This may possibly be the day for his festival, although he is already noticed under the 26th day of June,
Article VII. —Subach: of Corann, County of Sligo.
According to the Martyrology of Donegal, a festival to honour Subach, of Corann, was celebrated at the 1st of August. In a table appended to this work, he receives the Latin appelation, Hilarius. 2 Corann is now the name given to
a barony, in the county of Sligo. 3
Article VIII. —St. Soicheall or Sacell, Bishop of Bais-liac-mor, nowBaslick,CountyofRoscommon. AccordingtotheMartyrologiesof
'
2 A note by Rev. Dr. Todd has it: "Meaning the Poetical History of the Saints, called the Naomhsenchus. "
3 See " Ogygia," Pars, iii. , cap. li. , p. 293. * At Fob 134. b. b.
5 See " Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down,
ConnorandDromore. " AppendixLL. , p. 379, and n. (z. ) ibid.
Drs. Todd and Reeves,
—
p. xxxi. In the Book of Leinster copy it
reads thus
2 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernise. " xvi.
Januarii. Appendix ad Acta S. Furssei, cap. vi. , p. 96, and xi. Februarii. Vita S. Fursaei,
cap. xii. , and n. 12, pp. 291, 299.
3 See his Life, in the First Volume of this
work, at the 16th of January, Art. i. 4EditedbyRev. Drs. ToddandReeves,
pp. 208, 209. "
Article vi. —' See Historic Catholic*
Ibernise Compendium. " Tomus i. , Lib. iv. ,
cap. xi. , p. 50.
* See "Acta Sanctorum, Tomusi. Augusti
6 See
part i. , pp. 102, 103, 104, 105.
of the Royal Irish Academy. " Irish MSS. Series. Vol. i. ,
7 Edited
"
i. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 3.
by 208, 209.
pp.
Article v.
x
Edited by
Rev. Dr.
Article vii. — Reeves, pp. 208, 209.
"Proceedings
;
Uchcni
Vochipbe.
a Sec ibid. , pp. 472, 473.
The Irish word
Kelly,
'
Edited Drs. Todd and by
20 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[August i.
Marianas O'Gorman, of Maguire and of Donegal, 1 veneration was
at the ist of August, to Soicheall. In the opinion of the compiler of the latter Calendar, he was that bishop Soicheall, who is mentioned as an assistant in the Life of St. Patrick. 2 His church was called Bois-leac-mor, now known as Baslick,3 in the barony of Castlereagh, and county of Roscommon. It was
in the district and deanery of Siol Muiredhaigh, Diocese of Elphin. The remains of the old parish church* are situated within a cemetery enclosed by
iron
railings,
and still used forjinterments. 5 sets Sacell down as a Colgan
6 Other accounts have him as
Baslick is one of considerable extent,8 and formerly it was a vicarage, as also a part of the benefice and prebend of Ballintober. 9
ArticleIX. —FestivalforSt. Peregrinus. FromoneoftheEpistlesof
1
St. Jerome it would seem, that the British Christians were specially addicted
"
bishop.
bishop
or abbot. ? The of parish
Heaven stands open," he says with a touch of ""
to religious pilgrimage.
irony, in Britain as well as at Jerusalem ; and, in another place, speaking
u
the Britons, though divided from the rest of the world, quit their western sun and go in quest of a climate, which they know nothing of, unless by report, and from the history of the Bible. " 2 The Irish of a later period were accustomed to emulate their practice. Among the holy pilgrims, Colgan 3 desired to commemorate at the ist of August,* was one, who is claimed to have been Irish, although his family name does not appeartobeknown. Therearesomanyincongruousstatements,however, regarding the period and the acts of this pious hermit, that it becomes difficult to decide on their authenticity or authority.
The fame of this holy pilgrim has been set forth by Sylvanus Razzius and Caesar Franchiotti,
when treating about the saints of Etruria. The whole foundation for most of the modern accounts rests on the so-called Life of Peregrinus, printed at Modena, but of very little authority. Some doubts have been entertained
regarding his nationality, and we should require better authority for the following statement. At Modena and Lucca, in Italy, was celebrated on this day a festival to honour the Pilgrim son of a King, and who was also a hermit, according to Thomas Dempster,s claiming him as a Scottish saint. Again, in his Ecclesiastical History of Scotland, Dempster alludes to an
anonymous Italian Life of Peregrinus, which Peregrinus Capius published,
of pilgrimages, he says, that
subac/i, signifies "merry "or "joyful. "
3 See Dr. O'Donovan's '• Annals of the
FourMasters,"vol. i. , n. (b. )p. 311. Articleviii. —-1 EditedbyDrs. Toddand
Article ix. —' See " 2 See Colgan's " Trias Thaumaturga," Ad Paulinum.
Reeves, pp. 208, 209.
: Opera. "Epist. 13.
Epist : 17. St. Jerome was born about the year 331, of an honourable and a Catholic family, and he departed this Ballintobber. See Arch'lall's " Monasticon life, on the 30th of September, a. d. 419.
Vita S.
8 ibid. ii. , cap. lii. , p. See
Septima
136, and n. 104, p. 177.
lib.
Patricii,
3 Formerly it was in the old barony of
Hibernicum," p. 601.
* See "Trias Thaumaturga," n. I04,p. 177. s See Lewis' Topographical Dictionary of
Ireland, vol. i. , p. 188.
6
See "Trias Thaumaturga. " Quinta Ap- penctix ad Acta S. Patricii, cap. xxiii. , p. 267. 7 An abbey was formerly here, during and probably before the eighth century, as we
See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of the Saints," vol. ix. September 30, pp. 450 to 464.
find the death of Coimac, son of Muirghius, torum " Mutinae et Luca> Peregrini Regis
:
Abbot of Baisleac, recorded at a. d. 800. filii et Eremite. " " Carp. "—bishop Forbes' See Dr. O'Dovovan's V Annals of the Four " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 207.
Masters," vol. i. , pp. 410, 411. 8 It comprises 15,396 acres.
^See"ParliamentaryGazetteerofIreland," vol. i. , p. 227.
. 3 See "
qua? MS. habentur, Ordine Mcnsium et Dierum. "
< As stated by Charles McDonnell, Esq.
s Thus entered in his Menologhim Sco-
Catalogus
Actuum Sanctorum
given,
August i. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 21
and which is said to abound in fables. However, in reference to the subject of his special biography, the Scottish writer does not scruple to add in- ventions of his own. 6 In another work, the Etruria Regalis,? Dempster has likewise a notice of this holy pilgrim. The Bollandists have supplied some
records at this same regardinghim,
8 his has become so date; but, history
obscure, that they deem those Acts 9 concerning him to abound in fables.
These are published from two different copies, closely agreeing however, and
a critical commentary is prefixed in ten paragraphs.
In Les Pe—tits Bollan-
" IO
Vies des — are notices of this St.
also called
distes, Saints,"
Peregrin
Pe'legrin and Pelegrini the hermit, at this 1st day of August. Various con-
jectures have been offered regarding the period of St. Peregrinus ; while
some writers have suggested the fourth century, others have the fifth, sixth or seventh, and others a much later date. His native country has also been questioned. Those Acts which have been published seem to indicate, that
11
soon after the light of the Gospel began to shine in northern Scotia,
there was a superior king named Romanus, of illustrious descent, married to a
named
their possessions, they had no heir a favour they earnestly besought of 1me Almighty. ^ Theirprayerswereheard,whentheyhadaheavenlymonition, that a son should be born to them, and that his name should be Peregrinus. From his very birth, miracles announced his future sanctity. His education was carefully attended to, and his youthful aspirations were directed less to earthlythantoheavenlythings. Attheageoffifteen,deathdeprivedhimof both parents. Then, the barons of the kingdom proposed, that he should reign over them ; but, he declared his intention to follow the advice con- tained in the Gospel : "If you desire to be perfect, go and sell all that you possess and give to the poor, then come and follow rae. " This he put into
noble
spouse,
who— riches and
Plantula, possessed honours,
practice ; and, dividing the proceeds among poor orphans and widows, he took the pilgrim's staff and habit, setting out during the night, and taking his way towards Jerusalem, in order to visit the place where the body of our Lord Jesus Christ had been consigned to the sepulchre. On the way, he
underwent great privations, and having fallen into the hands of robbers, they beat him with clubs, and left him only half alive. For this action, they were
miraculously punished, but they afterwards repented of their crime, through the exhortation of the holy pilgrim. He travelled into Palestine, and he dwelt in other provinces, during the period of his exile. Much of what is
1
stated, however, regarding his adventures, is clearly fabulous. * It is related
in the Acts, that Peregnuus visited all the chief places in Judea rendered
venerable, owing to their connexion with the Annunciation, Birth, Baptism, Death, Sepulture and Ascension of our Divine Lord ; as also that place in
the Desert, called Quarantena, where Christ fasted forty days and forty
• while he went to the tained a special veneration.
6 See " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. xv. , num. 1005,
of St. for whom he enter- Catherine,
nights
oratory
His life was also one of continuous austerity,
1-
7 This work was printed at the expense
10 See Tome ix. , p. 176.
"The Acts state, "Scotia ab Aquilone sita est. "
" Les Petis Bollandists, write in their
PP- 53°> S3
of Mr. Thomas
" C'eta—it un prince issu du sang royal dTrlande. "
Tome ix. Premier Jour d'Aout, p. 176.
I3 According to Father Stephen White Peregrinus was son to a king of old Scotia,
who resolved as a pilgrim to leave his native country. See "Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. iv. , p. 40.
Coke,
afterwards Earl of
"Vies des Saints" of
Peregrin ;
Leicester. It was published at Florence, in
two volumes folio, a. d. 1723.
8
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Au- gusti i. De S. Peregrino Confessore apud Alpes, Mutinam inter et Lucam in Italia,
pp. 75 to 80,
9
They are in eighteen paragraphs.
18 but for
22 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August i.
abstinence and prayer. He was tempted by the Devil, but the assault was
victoriously repelled. In fine, he is said to have spent forty years in a grove and unmolested by any human creature ; thus resembling the Israelites, who wandered over forty years through the Desert, before they entered the land of promise. Afterwards, the account has it, that Palestine had been then in the hands of Infidels, 1 * when our saint resolved to announce the religion of Christ even in the court of Soldan or Saladin, and among the Saracens. This so enraged them, that he was dragged from a pulpit, with a rope about his neck, into one of their mosques or synagogues, so that he might offer incense to Mahomet. Refusing to do so, he was consigned to a dark and loathsome prison, where he was loaded with chains, and left without food for several days and nights. From this dungeon, he was miraculously released bytheLord. Thenfollowsanaccountofhowtheholypilgrimunderwent an ordeal by fire before Soldan and the Saracens, without his suffering any hurt, which caused the king to magnify the Lord of the Christians, and to dismiss his servant, with gifts and honours. Soldan asked his prayers, moreover, and all those Saracens who were spectators of the wonders wrought were wholly astonished. Afterwards, Peregrinus intended to preach the Gospel to other Saracens ; but, he heard a voice from heaven, and which pro- claimed to him, that he should leave Palestine for Italy, where he was to meet with the place destined for his rest. On the shore, he found a ship ready to sail, and in this he embarked ; but, the legend relates, that the Devil raised a storm, and urged the sailors to cast Peregrinus into the sea. This they did accordingly ; however, the servant of God was miraculously rescued from the boiling waves. He landed at Ancona, where he was hospitably received
by the people, and there he dwelt in an hospital assigned for the poor.
Afterwards, he resolved on visiting the shrines of the Apostles St. Peter and
St. Paul, as also the tomb of St. Nicholas. It is stated, likewise, that he
went to the mountain of Gargano, where the church of St. Michael the
16 1
Archangel had been built. ? While he prayed before its altar, he heard
thevoiceofanangelsayingtohim "Gotothedarkwoodandthitheryou :
shall safely journey ; yet, those passing through it are killed by Devils, whom you shall put to flight from that place, whence you shall attain to the crown
of eternal life. " When Peregrinus declared his willingness to obey, a bright star was presented to his view, and he was told to follow it for guidance to thatwood. Thestardisappeared,whenhehadcometothespotindicated, and he heard a voice from heaven " Behold the of trial. "
On arriving there, he chose for his habitation a solitude among the Italian Alps,
near Modena. 18 to his was on a mountain According Ferrarius, hermitage
14
See "Dempster's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus ii. , lib. xv. , num. 1005, p. 530.
from the fifth century, when St. Michael the Archangel admonished the bishop of Siponto in a vision to erect it. The place
it,
Mahomet, born in 569, and dying in 632, had founded a new and fanatical sect, that spread over Arabia and throughout the
'•
adjoining countries. See Ockley's
of the Saracens," pp. 5 to 61. Bonn's edition.
16
Monte-de-Sant-Angelo,
in these terms
ritio Sancti Michaelis Archangeli. "—" Mar-
one of pilgrimage, and devout clients of St. Michael then continued to frequent his church, See Father John Mabillon 's " Acta Sanc-
torum Ordinis S. Benedicti," sec. iii. , pars.
:
tyrologium Romanum Gregorii xiii. ,"&c. p. 65. Editio Novissima, Romae, 1878, fol.
11 This is stated to have existed there
i. , p. 85,
n.
4.
History
saying, place thy
15 Some accounts have
Mahometans, whose celebrated Prophet the Capitanate, near Manfredonia, within
that these were
is now known as
His local feast there is thus recorded in
the Roman Martyrology, at the 8th of May, records and documents. The place is still
" In monte Gargano Appa-
in
the former Kingdom of Naples. This his- toryis confirmed bySigebert, in his Chronicle, but there are conflicting dates for its occur- rence among various writers. The learned Mabillon visited that part of Italy, where he made a critical examination of the old
August i. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 23
called Letho, or Lethus, mentioned by Livy, as that part of the Apennine mountains, where Hannibal passed into Italy, between Modena and Lucca. 1 ^ From him, a chain of the hills is called Monti di Santi 20
Apennine Pellegrini. There, for forty years, he led a most austere and eremitical life, while he was distinguished for his great virtues. 21 In that place, a host of demons sought to terrify the holy pilgrim, by horrible phantasms and noises ; but he, invoking the Divine assistance, put them all to flight. Moreover, the whole province of Lombardy, and also those districts of Tuscany and of Romandiola, that had heretofore been subject to demoniac influences, were thenceforth released from such incantations. When the evil spirits had been banished, the holy pilgrim gave thanks to God, and he called that desert Silva Romanesca. There,too,heenteredacavern,whichhadbeenoccupiedby a female leopard and by her cubs ; while, wonderful to relate ! when Pere-
grinus came thither, they prostrated themselves at his feet, and quietly left of their own accord. Then he took possession of that cave, and there he led a solitary life. Only once each day was he known to partake of food or drink ; he fed on wild herbs and roots, which the leopard is said to have brought him, while his drink was simply the dews that came from heaven.
