A
daughter
of B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Cicero says of him, with a fine rian stock.
We are altogether unacquainted with
irony, that he endeavoured to follow the example his early career, but he appears to have been
of his great ancestors (the Decii), by sacrificing entrusted with an important military command
himself to his debts, that is, by joining Antony, upon the Danube in a. d. 245, and four years
through whose influence he hoped to get rid of his afterwards was earnestly solicited by Philippus
debts. Be accompanied Antony in the war of to undertake the task of restoring subordination
Mutina, but was taken prisoner there. Afterwards, in the army of Moesia, which had been dis-
however, when Octavian wished for a reconcilia-organized by the revolt of Marinus. (Puulippus;
tion with Antony, he allowed Decius to return to Makinus. ] Decius accepted this appointment
his friend. (Cic. Phil. xi. 6, xiii. 13; Appian, with great reluctance, and many misgivings as to
B. C. iii. 80. )
the result. On his appearance, the troops deem-
6. Decius, is mentioned by Appian (B. C. iv. ing their guilt beyond forgiveness, ofiered the
27) anong those who were proscribed after the envoy the choice of death or of the throne. With
formation of the triumvirate of Antony, Octavian, the sword pointed to his heart he accepted the
and Lepidus. Decius and Cilo, on hearing that latter alternative, was proclaimed Augustus, and
their names were on the list, took to flight, but as forced by the rebels to march upon Italy, having
they were hurrying out of one of the gates of previously, according to Zonaras, written to as-
Rome, they were recognized by the centurions and sure his sovereign that his faith was still un-
put to death.
(L. S. ] broken, and that he would resign the purple, as
DE'CIUS JUBE'LLIUS, a Campanian, and soon as he could escape from the thraldom of the
commander of the Campanian legion which the legions. Philippus, not trusting these professions,
Romans stationed at Rhegium in B. c. 281 for the hastened to meet his rival in the field, encountered
protection of the place. Decius and his troops, \ him in the vicinity of Verona, was defeated, and
envious of the happiness which the inhabitants of slain. This event took place towards the end of
Rhegium enjoyed, and remembering the impunity A. D. 249.
with which the Mamertines had carried out their The short reign of the new prince, extending
disgraceful scheme, formed a most diabolical plan. to about thirty months, was chietiy occupied in
During the celebration of a festival, while all the warring against the Goths, who now, for the first
citizens were feasting in public, Decius and his time, appeared as a formidable foe on the north-
soldiers attacked them; the men were massacred eastern frontier, and having crossed the Danube,
and driven into exile, while the soldiers took the under Cniva their chief, were ravaging the
women to themselves. Decius put himself at the Thracian provinces. The details of their inva-
head of the city, acted as tyrannus perfectly inde- sion are to found in Jornandes, Zosimus, and
pendent of Roine, and formed connexions with the the fragments of Dexippus, but these accounts ap-
Mamertines in Sicily. He at first had endeavoured pear so contradictory, that it is impossible, in the
to palliate his crime by asserting that the Rhegines absence of an impartial historian, to explain or re-
intended to betray the Roman garrison to Pyrrhus. concile their statements. It would seem that the
During the war with Pyrrhus the Romans had no barbarians, in the first instance, repulsed Decius
time to look after and punish the miscreants at near Philippopolis, and were thus enabled to take
Rhegium, and Decius for some years enjoyed the that important city, but having lost their best
fruits of his crime unmolested. During that period troops during these operations, and finding them-
he was seized by a disease of the eyes, and not selves surrounded by the Romans who were now
venturing to trust a Rhegine physician, be sent for advancing from different points, they offered to
one io Messana. This physician was himself a purchase an unmolested retreat by the surrender
native of Rhegium, a fact which few persons knew, of their prisoners and plunder. These overtures
and he now took the opportunity to avenge on being rejected, the Goths turned to bay, and gave
## p. 949 (#969) ############################################
DECIUS.
949
DEICOON.
battle near Abricium late in the year a. d. 251. scarcely be pronounced fair or dispassionate, the
After a deadly struggle, their desperate valour, language of the latter especially being such as to
aided by the incautious confidence of the Ronans, mislead the unlearned reader both as to the nature
prevailed. The son of the emperor was slain by and extent of our information, and to induce him to
an arrow, while Decius himself, with his best conclude that we posses materials for pronouncing
troops, became entangled in a inarsh, and were a judgment which do not in reality exist.
cut to pieces or engulfed.
(Victor, de Cues. 29 ; Epit. 29; Eutrop. ix. 4 ;
Some proceedings in the civil administration of Trebell
. Pollio Valerian. c. l; Euseb. Hist.
this epoch, which at first sight would be con- Eccles. vi. 39, &c; Zosim. i. 21–23; Zonar. xii.
sidered as wholly without connexion with cach 19, 20; Jornandes, R. G. c. 16, &c. For the
other, but which were in reality intended to family of Decius, see HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA,
promote the accomplishment of the same object, HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS, Hostilianus. ) [W. R. ]
deserve special attention. The increasing weak- DE'CIUS, a Roman statuary, by whom there
ness of the state was every day becoming more was an admired colossal head in the Capitol. He
painfully apparent, and the universal corruption of perhaps lived in the first century B. C. , but his date
public morality was justly regarded as a deep- is very doubtful. [CHARES. ] [P. S. ]
seated canker which must be eradicated, before any DECRIA‘NUS, a sophist of Patrae, who is
powerful effort could be made for restoring health- mentioned with great praise by Lucian. (Asin. 2. )
ful vigour to the body politic. Two remedies sug- Nothing more is known of him. [P. S. ]
gested themselves, and were immediately called DECRIANUS, an architect and mechanician
into action. It was determined to revive the in the time of Hadrian, who employed him to
censorship and to persecute the Christians. It move the colossus of Nero, which stood in front of
was hoped that, by the first, order and decency the golden house. The work was effected by the
might be revived in the habits of social life; it aid of twenty-four elephants. (Spartian, Had. 19,
was imagined that, by the second, the national re- where different critics read Decrianus, Detrianus,
ligion might be restored to its ancient purity, and Dentrianus, Dextrianus, and Demetrianus. ) [P. S. ]
that Rome might regain the favour of her gods. DE'CRIUS, commanded a stronghold in Africa
The death of Decius prevented the new censor, during the insurrection of Tacfarinas in A. D. 20.
Valerian, the same who afterwards became em- He was a brave and skilful soldier, and led his
peror, from exerting an authority which could men out to an open battle, as he did not like the
scarcely have produced any beneficial change; but inactivity of a besieged. He had only a few soldiers,
the eager hate of Pagan zealots was more prompt and they were not of the best kind; but although
in taking advantage of the imperial edict, and he was seriously wounded, he continued to fight
made much havoc in the church. Rome, Antioch, like a lion, until he fell. (Tac. Ann. ii. 20. ) [L. S. ]
and Jerusalem, lamented the martyrdom of their DE'CTADES (AekTáons), is mentioned by Par-
bishops Fabianus, Babylas, and Alexander; Origen thenius (Erot. 13) as an author from whom he
was subjected to cruel tortures, while Alexandria relates the story about Harpalyce. We may thus
was the scene of a bloody massacre. In Africa, infer that he wrote on mythical subjects. [L. S. ]
vast numbers, falling away from the truth, dis- DE'CTION (AEKTlwv), a Greek grammarian,
owned their belief, and after the danger was past, who wrote a commentary on Lycophron's Cassan-
the readmission of these renegades, comprehended dra, which is referred to in the Etymologicum
under the general appellation of Lapsi, gave rise Magnum (s. u. řflos; comp. Valckenaer, Eurip.
to various bitter controversies, which distracted for Hippolyt. p. 291. )
[L. S. ]
a long period the ecclesiastical councils of the DE'CULA, M. TU'LLIUS, was consul in B. C.
west. (CYPRIANUS. ]
81, with Cornelius Dolabella, during the dictator-
Of the general character of Decius it is im- ship of Sulla ; but the consuls of that year were
possible to speak with certainty, for our authori- only nominal, as Sulla had all the power in his
ties are scanty, and the shortness of his public hands. (Cic. de Leg. Agr. ii. 14; Gellius, xv. 28;
career afforded little opportunity for its develop- Appian, B. C. i. 100. )
[L. S. ]
ment. Victor pronounces a warm panegyric, de- DEIANEIRA (Aniáveipa). 1. A daughter of
claring that his disposition was most amiable, that Althaea by Oeneus, Dionysus, or Dexamenus
he was highly accomplished, mild and affable in (Apollod. i. 8. $1; Hygin. Fal. 31, 33), and a
his civil relations, and a gallant warrior in the sister of Meleager. When Meleager died, his
field. Zosimus and the Christian historians, writ- sisters lamented his death at his grave; Artemis
ing under the influence of strong feeling, have in her anger touched them with her staff
, and
severally represented him as a model of justice, changed them into birds, with the exception of
valour, liberality, and all kingly virtues, or as a Dežaneira and Gorge, who were allowed, by the
monster of iniquity and savage cruelty, while even, solicitation of Dionysus, to retain their human
in modern times, the tone adopted by Tillemont on forms. (Antonin. Lib. 2. ) Subsequently Achelous
the one hand, and by Gibbon on the other, can and Heracles, who both loved Deïaneira, fought for
the possession of her. She became the wife of Hera-
cles, and afterwards unwittingly caused his death,
whereupon she hung herself. (A pollod. ii. 7. $ 5,
6. $7; Diod. iv. 34, &c. ; comp. ACHELOUS ;
HERACLES ; DEXAMENUS. )
2. One of the daughters of Nereus and Doris
(Apollod. i. 2. $ 7. )
[L. S. ]
DEICOON (Anticówv). ). A son of Heracles
by Megara, was killed by his own father during
his ravings. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 8; Schol. ad Hom.
Od. ix. 208. )
NVS
SPERMA
A
SAVE
## p. 950 (#970) ############################################
950
DEIMAS.
DEINARCHUS.
2. A Trojan hero, son of Pegasus, was a friend DEINARCHUS (Acivapxos). 1. The last
of Acneas, and slain by Agamemnon. (Hom. Il. and at the same time the least important among
v. 534. )
[L. S. ] the ten Attic orators, was born at Corinth about
DEIDAMEIA (Anžāduera). 1.
A daughter of B. C. 361. (Dionys. Deinurch. 4. ) llis father's
Bellerophontes and wife of Erander, by whom name was Sostratus, or, according to Suidas (s. v.
she became the mother of Sarpedon. (Diod. v. 79. ) Seivapxos), Socrates. Though a native of Corinth,
Homer (Il. vi. 197) calls her Laodameia.
he lived at Athens from his early youth. Public
2. A daughter of Lycomedes in the island of oratory there reached its height about this time,
Scyrus. When Achilles was conccaled there in and Deinarchus devoted himself to the study of it
maiden's attire, Derdamcia became by him the with great zeal under the guidance of Theophrastus,
mother of Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, and, according though he also profited much by his intercourse
to others, of Oneirus also. (Apollod. iii. 13. $ 7; with Demetrius Phalereus. (Dionys. l. c. 2 ; Plut.
Prolem. Heph. 3. )
l'it. X Orat. p. 850; Phot. Bibl. p. 496, ed. Bek-
3. The wife of Peirithous, who is commonly ker; Suidas, l. c. ) As he was a foreigner, and
called Hippodameia. (Plut. Thes. 30 ; comp. Hip- did not possess the Athenian franchise, he was
L'ODA MEIA. )
[L. S. ] not allowed to come forward himself as an orator
DEIDAMEIA (Aniõduela). 1. Daughter of on the great questions which then divided public
Acacides, king of Epeirus, and sister of Pyrrhus. opinion at Athens, and he was therefore obliged
While yet a girl she was betrothed by her father to content himself with writing orations for others.
to Alexander, the son of Roxana, and having ac- He appears to have commenced this career in his
companied that prince and Olympias into Macedo- twenty-sixth year, about 1. c. 336, and as about
nichwas besieged in Pydna together with them. that time the great Attic orators died away one
(Plut. Pyrrh. 4 ; Diod. xix. 35; Justin, xiv. 6. ) after another, Deinarchus soon acquired consider-
After the death of Alexander and Roxana, she able reputation and great wealth. He belonged
was married to Demetrius Poliorcetes, at the time to the friends of Phocion and the Macedonian
when the latter was endeavouring to establish his party, and took a very active part in the disputes
power in Greece, and thus became a bond of union as to whether Harpalus, who had openly deserted
between him and Pyrrhus. (Plut. Demetr. 25, the cause of Alexander the Great, should be tole-
Pyrrh. 4. ) When Demetrius proceeded to Asia rated at Athens or not. The time of his greatest
to support his father against the confederate kings, activity is from B. c. 317 to B. C. 307, during
he left Derdameia at Athens; but after his defeat which time Demetrius Phalereus conducted the
at Ipsus, the Athenians sent her away to Megara, administration of Athens. But when in B. c. 307
though still treating her with regal honours. She Demetrius Poliorcetes advanced against Athens,
soon after repaired to Cilicia to join Demetrius, and Demetrius Phalereus was obliged to take to
who had just given his daughter Stratonice in flight, Deinarchus, who was suspected on account
marriage to Seleucus, but had not been there long of his equivocal political conduct, and who was
when she fell ill and died, B. C. 300. (Plut. anxious to save his riches, fled to Chalcis in Eu-
Demetr. 30, 32. ) She left one son by Demetrius, boea. It was not till fifteen years after, B. C. 29. 2,
named Alexander, who is said by Plutarch to have that, owing to the exertions of his friend Theo-
spent his life in Egypt, probably in an honourable phrastus, he obtained permission to return to
captivity. (Plut Demetr. 53. )
Athens, where he spent the last years of his life,
2. Daughter of Pyrrhus II. , king of Epeirus, and died at an advanced age. The last event of
after the death of her father and the murder of his life of which we have any record, is a law-suit
her uncle Prolemy, was the last surviving repre- which he instituted against his faithless friend,
sentative of the royal race of the Aeacidae. She Proxenus, who had robbed him of his property.
threw herself into Ambracia, but was induced by But in what manner the suit ended, is unknown.
the offer of an honourable capitulation to surrender. The principal source of information respecting the
The Epeirots, however, determining to secure their life of Deinarchus is the treatise of Dionysius of
liberty by extirpating the whole royal family, re- Halicarnassus, from which is derived the greater
solved to put her to death ; she fled for refuge to part of what is preserred in Plutarch (Vi. 8 Orat.
the temple of Artemis, but was murdered in the p. 850), Photius (Bill. p. 490, ed. Bekk), Suidas
sanctuary itself. (Polyaen. viii. 52 ; Justin, xxviii. (l. c. ), and others.
3, by whom she is erroneously called Laudamia ; The number of orations which Deinarchus wrote
Paus. iv. 35. $ 3. ) The date of this event cannot | is uncertain, for Demetrius of Magnesia (ap). Dio-
be accurately fixed, but it occurred during the nus. l. c. l; comp. Suidas and Eudoc. p. 130) as-
reign of Demetrius II. in Macedonia (B. C. 239—cribed to him one hundred and sixty, while Plu-
2:9), and probably in the early part of it. Schorn tarch and Photius speak only of sixty-four genuine
(Gesch. Griechenl. p. 86) supposes Deïdameia to be orations; and Dionysius is of opinion, that among
a daughter of the elder Pyrrhus, not the younger, the eighty-seven which were ascribed to him in
but this is certainly a mistake. [E. H. B. ] his time, only sixty were genuine productions of
DEIMA (Aciua), the personification of fear. Deinarchus. Of all these orations three only have
She was represented in the form of a fearful wo- come down to us entire, and all three refer to the
man, on the tomb of Medeia's children at Corinth. question about Harpalus. One is directed against
(Paus. ii. 3. $ 6. )
[L. S. ) Philocles, the second against Demosthenes, and
DEIMACHUS (Antuaxos), four mythical per- the third against Aristogeiton. It is, however,
sonages. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 9,7. $ 3; Apollon. Rhod. not improbable that the speech against Theocrines,
ii. 955, &c. ; Plut. Quaest. Gr. 41. ) [L. S. ] which is usually printed among those of Demos-
DEIMAS (Acluas), a son of Dardanus and thenes, is likewise a work of Deinarchus. (See
Chryse, who when bis family and a part of the pp. 1333 and 1336 of that oration ; Dionys. Hal.
Arcadian population emigrated, remained behind 1. c. 10; Liban. Argum. ; Harpocrat. s. v. åypapiov
in Arcadia. (Dion. Hal. i. 61. ) [L. S. ] and Deokpívns; Apostol. Proverb. xix. 49. ) The
## p. 951 (#971) ############################################
DEINARCIUS.
95)
DEINOCRATES.
:-
titles and fragments of the orations which are DEI'NIAS (Aervias). 1. One of a club of wits
Jost, are collected as far as can be by Fabricius at Athens (genwtofotol), called “the Sixty;" of
(Bill. Gr. ii. p. 864, de. ), and more complete by which the orator Callimedon also was a member.
Westermann. (Gesch. der griech. Beredtsumi. p. The date therefore may be placed about 1. c. 325.
311, &c. ) The ancients, such as Dionysius who (Athen. xiv.
irony, that he endeavoured to follow the example his early career, but he appears to have been
of his great ancestors (the Decii), by sacrificing entrusted with an important military command
himself to his debts, that is, by joining Antony, upon the Danube in a. d. 245, and four years
through whose influence he hoped to get rid of his afterwards was earnestly solicited by Philippus
debts. Be accompanied Antony in the war of to undertake the task of restoring subordination
Mutina, but was taken prisoner there. Afterwards, in the army of Moesia, which had been dis-
however, when Octavian wished for a reconcilia-organized by the revolt of Marinus. (Puulippus;
tion with Antony, he allowed Decius to return to Makinus. ] Decius accepted this appointment
his friend. (Cic. Phil. xi. 6, xiii. 13; Appian, with great reluctance, and many misgivings as to
B. C. iii. 80. )
the result. On his appearance, the troops deem-
6. Decius, is mentioned by Appian (B. C. iv. ing their guilt beyond forgiveness, ofiered the
27) anong those who were proscribed after the envoy the choice of death or of the throne. With
formation of the triumvirate of Antony, Octavian, the sword pointed to his heart he accepted the
and Lepidus. Decius and Cilo, on hearing that latter alternative, was proclaimed Augustus, and
their names were on the list, took to flight, but as forced by the rebels to march upon Italy, having
they were hurrying out of one of the gates of previously, according to Zonaras, written to as-
Rome, they were recognized by the centurions and sure his sovereign that his faith was still un-
put to death.
(L. S. ] broken, and that he would resign the purple, as
DE'CIUS JUBE'LLIUS, a Campanian, and soon as he could escape from the thraldom of the
commander of the Campanian legion which the legions. Philippus, not trusting these professions,
Romans stationed at Rhegium in B. c. 281 for the hastened to meet his rival in the field, encountered
protection of the place. Decius and his troops, \ him in the vicinity of Verona, was defeated, and
envious of the happiness which the inhabitants of slain. This event took place towards the end of
Rhegium enjoyed, and remembering the impunity A. D. 249.
with which the Mamertines had carried out their The short reign of the new prince, extending
disgraceful scheme, formed a most diabolical plan. to about thirty months, was chietiy occupied in
During the celebration of a festival, while all the warring against the Goths, who now, for the first
citizens were feasting in public, Decius and his time, appeared as a formidable foe on the north-
soldiers attacked them; the men were massacred eastern frontier, and having crossed the Danube,
and driven into exile, while the soldiers took the under Cniva their chief, were ravaging the
women to themselves. Decius put himself at the Thracian provinces. The details of their inva-
head of the city, acted as tyrannus perfectly inde- sion are to found in Jornandes, Zosimus, and
pendent of Roine, and formed connexions with the the fragments of Dexippus, but these accounts ap-
Mamertines in Sicily. He at first had endeavoured pear so contradictory, that it is impossible, in the
to palliate his crime by asserting that the Rhegines absence of an impartial historian, to explain or re-
intended to betray the Roman garrison to Pyrrhus. concile their statements. It would seem that the
During the war with Pyrrhus the Romans had no barbarians, in the first instance, repulsed Decius
time to look after and punish the miscreants at near Philippopolis, and were thus enabled to take
Rhegium, and Decius for some years enjoyed the that important city, but having lost their best
fruits of his crime unmolested. During that period troops during these operations, and finding them-
he was seized by a disease of the eyes, and not selves surrounded by the Romans who were now
venturing to trust a Rhegine physician, be sent for advancing from different points, they offered to
one io Messana. This physician was himself a purchase an unmolested retreat by the surrender
native of Rhegium, a fact which few persons knew, of their prisoners and plunder. These overtures
and he now took the opportunity to avenge on being rejected, the Goths turned to bay, and gave
## p. 949 (#969) ############################################
DECIUS.
949
DEICOON.
battle near Abricium late in the year a. d. 251. scarcely be pronounced fair or dispassionate, the
After a deadly struggle, their desperate valour, language of the latter especially being such as to
aided by the incautious confidence of the Ronans, mislead the unlearned reader both as to the nature
prevailed. The son of the emperor was slain by and extent of our information, and to induce him to
an arrow, while Decius himself, with his best conclude that we posses materials for pronouncing
troops, became entangled in a inarsh, and were a judgment which do not in reality exist.
cut to pieces or engulfed.
(Victor, de Cues. 29 ; Epit. 29; Eutrop. ix. 4 ;
Some proceedings in the civil administration of Trebell
. Pollio Valerian. c. l; Euseb. Hist.
this epoch, which at first sight would be con- Eccles. vi. 39, &c; Zosim. i. 21–23; Zonar. xii.
sidered as wholly without connexion with cach 19, 20; Jornandes, R. G. c. 16, &c. For the
other, but which were in reality intended to family of Decius, see HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA,
promote the accomplishment of the same object, HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS, Hostilianus. ) [W. R. ]
deserve special attention. The increasing weak- DE'CIUS, a Roman statuary, by whom there
ness of the state was every day becoming more was an admired colossal head in the Capitol. He
painfully apparent, and the universal corruption of perhaps lived in the first century B. C. , but his date
public morality was justly regarded as a deep- is very doubtful. [CHARES. ] [P. S. ]
seated canker which must be eradicated, before any DECRIA‘NUS, a sophist of Patrae, who is
powerful effort could be made for restoring health- mentioned with great praise by Lucian. (Asin. 2. )
ful vigour to the body politic. Two remedies sug- Nothing more is known of him. [P. S. ]
gested themselves, and were immediately called DECRIANUS, an architect and mechanician
into action. It was determined to revive the in the time of Hadrian, who employed him to
censorship and to persecute the Christians. It move the colossus of Nero, which stood in front of
was hoped that, by the first, order and decency the golden house. The work was effected by the
might be revived in the habits of social life; it aid of twenty-four elephants. (Spartian, Had. 19,
was imagined that, by the second, the national re- where different critics read Decrianus, Detrianus,
ligion might be restored to its ancient purity, and Dentrianus, Dextrianus, and Demetrianus. ) [P. S. ]
that Rome might regain the favour of her gods. DE'CRIUS, commanded a stronghold in Africa
The death of Decius prevented the new censor, during the insurrection of Tacfarinas in A. D. 20.
Valerian, the same who afterwards became em- He was a brave and skilful soldier, and led his
peror, from exerting an authority which could men out to an open battle, as he did not like the
scarcely have produced any beneficial change; but inactivity of a besieged. He had only a few soldiers,
the eager hate of Pagan zealots was more prompt and they were not of the best kind; but although
in taking advantage of the imperial edict, and he was seriously wounded, he continued to fight
made much havoc in the church. Rome, Antioch, like a lion, until he fell. (Tac. Ann. ii. 20. ) [L. S. ]
and Jerusalem, lamented the martyrdom of their DE'CTADES (AekTáons), is mentioned by Par-
bishops Fabianus, Babylas, and Alexander; Origen thenius (Erot. 13) as an author from whom he
was subjected to cruel tortures, while Alexandria relates the story about Harpalyce. We may thus
was the scene of a bloody massacre. In Africa, infer that he wrote on mythical subjects. [L. S. ]
vast numbers, falling away from the truth, dis- DE'CTION (AEKTlwv), a Greek grammarian,
owned their belief, and after the danger was past, who wrote a commentary on Lycophron's Cassan-
the readmission of these renegades, comprehended dra, which is referred to in the Etymologicum
under the general appellation of Lapsi, gave rise Magnum (s. u. řflos; comp. Valckenaer, Eurip.
to various bitter controversies, which distracted for Hippolyt. p. 291. )
[L. S. ]
a long period the ecclesiastical councils of the DE'CULA, M. TU'LLIUS, was consul in B. C.
west. (CYPRIANUS. ]
81, with Cornelius Dolabella, during the dictator-
Of the general character of Decius it is im- ship of Sulla ; but the consuls of that year were
possible to speak with certainty, for our authori- only nominal, as Sulla had all the power in his
ties are scanty, and the shortness of his public hands. (Cic. de Leg. Agr. ii. 14; Gellius, xv. 28;
career afforded little opportunity for its develop- Appian, B. C. i. 100. )
[L. S. ]
ment. Victor pronounces a warm panegyric, de- DEIANEIRA (Aniáveipa). 1. A daughter of
claring that his disposition was most amiable, that Althaea by Oeneus, Dionysus, or Dexamenus
he was highly accomplished, mild and affable in (Apollod. i. 8. $1; Hygin. Fal. 31, 33), and a
his civil relations, and a gallant warrior in the sister of Meleager. When Meleager died, his
field. Zosimus and the Christian historians, writ- sisters lamented his death at his grave; Artemis
ing under the influence of strong feeling, have in her anger touched them with her staff
, and
severally represented him as a model of justice, changed them into birds, with the exception of
valour, liberality, and all kingly virtues, or as a Dežaneira and Gorge, who were allowed, by the
monster of iniquity and savage cruelty, while even, solicitation of Dionysus, to retain their human
in modern times, the tone adopted by Tillemont on forms. (Antonin. Lib. 2. ) Subsequently Achelous
the one hand, and by Gibbon on the other, can and Heracles, who both loved Deïaneira, fought for
the possession of her. She became the wife of Hera-
cles, and afterwards unwittingly caused his death,
whereupon she hung herself. (A pollod. ii. 7. $ 5,
6. $7; Diod. iv. 34, &c. ; comp. ACHELOUS ;
HERACLES ; DEXAMENUS. )
2. One of the daughters of Nereus and Doris
(Apollod. i. 2. $ 7. )
[L. S. ]
DEICOON (Anticówv). ). A son of Heracles
by Megara, was killed by his own father during
his ravings. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 8; Schol. ad Hom.
Od. ix. 208. )
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DEIMAS.
DEINARCHUS.
2. A Trojan hero, son of Pegasus, was a friend DEINARCHUS (Acivapxos). 1. The last
of Acneas, and slain by Agamemnon. (Hom. Il. and at the same time the least important among
v. 534. )
[L. S. ] the ten Attic orators, was born at Corinth about
DEIDAMEIA (Anžāduera). 1.
A daughter of B. C. 361. (Dionys. Deinurch. 4. ) llis father's
Bellerophontes and wife of Erander, by whom name was Sostratus, or, according to Suidas (s. v.
she became the mother of Sarpedon. (Diod. v. 79. ) Seivapxos), Socrates. Though a native of Corinth,
Homer (Il. vi. 197) calls her Laodameia.
he lived at Athens from his early youth. Public
2. A daughter of Lycomedes in the island of oratory there reached its height about this time,
Scyrus. When Achilles was conccaled there in and Deinarchus devoted himself to the study of it
maiden's attire, Derdamcia became by him the with great zeal under the guidance of Theophrastus,
mother of Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, and, according though he also profited much by his intercourse
to others, of Oneirus also. (Apollod. iii. 13. $ 7; with Demetrius Phalereus. (Dionys. l. c. 2 ; Plut.
Prolem. Heph. 3. )
l'it. X Orat. p. 850; Phot. Bibl. p. 496, ed. Bek-
3. The wife of Peirithous, who is commonly ker; Suidas, l. c. ) As he was a foreigner, and
called Hippodameia. (Plut. Thes. 30 ; comp. Hip- did not possess the Athenian franchise, he was
L'ODA MEIA. )
[L. S. ] not allowed to come forward himself as an orator
DEIDAMEIA (Aniõduela). 1. Daughter of on the great questions which then divided public
Acacides, king of Epeirus, and sister of Pyrrhus. opinion at Athens, and he was therefore obliged
While yet a girl she was betrothed by her father to content himself with writing orations for others.
to Alexander, the son of Roxana, and having ac- He appears to have commenced this career in his
companied that prince and Olympias into Macedo- twenty-sixth year, about 1. c. 336, and as about
nichwas besieged in Pydna together with them. that time the great Attic orators died away one
(Plut. Pyrrh. 4 ; Diod. xix. 35; Justin, xiv. 6. ) after another, Deinarchus soon acquired consider-
After the death of Alexander and Roxana, she able reputation and great wealth. He belonged
was married to Demetrius Poliorcetes, at the time to the friends of Phocion and the Macedonian
when the latter was endeavouring to establish his party, and took a very active part in the disputes
power in Greece, and thus became a bond of union as to whether Harpalus, who had openly deserted
between him and Pyrrhus. (Plut. Demetr. 25, the cause of Alexander the Great, should be tole-
Pyrrh. 4. ) When Demetrius proceeded to Asia rated at Athens or not. The time of his greatest
to support his father against the confederate kings, activity is from B. c. 317 to B. C. 307, during
he left Derdameia at Athens; but after his defeat which time Demetrius Phalereus conducted the
at Ipsus, the Athenians sent her away to Megara, administration of Athens. But when in B. c. 307
though still treating her with regal honours. She Demetrius Poliorcetes advanced against Athens,
soon after repaired to Cilicia to join Demetrius, and Demetrius Phalereus was obliged to take to
who had just given his daughter Stratonice in flight, Deinarchus, who was suspected on account
marriage to Seleucus, but had not been there long of his equivocal political conduct, and who was
when she fell ill and died, B. C. 300. (Plut. anxious to save his riches, fled to Chalcis in Eu-
Demetr. 30, 32. ) She left one son by Demetrius, boea. It was not till fifteen years after, B. C. 29. 2,
named Alexander, who is said by Plutarch to have that, owing to the exertions of his friend Theo-
spent his life in Egypt, probably in an honourable phrastus, he obtained permission to return to
captivity. (Plut Demetr. 53. )
Athens, where he spent the last years of his life,
2. Daughter of Pyrrhus II. , king of Epeirus, and died at an advanced age. The last event of
after the death of her father and the murder of his life of which we have any record, is a law-suit
her uncle Prolemy, was the last surviving repre- which he instituted against his faithless friend,
sentative of the royal race of the Aeacidae. She Proxenus, who had robbed him of his property.
threw herself into Ambracia, but was induced by But in what manner the suit ended, is unknown.
the offer of an honourable capitulation to surrender. The principal source of information respecting the
The Epeirots, however, determining to secure their life of Deinarchus is the treatise of Dionysius of
liberty by extirpating the whole royal family, re- Halicarnassus, from which is derived the greater
solved to put her to death ; she fled for refuge to part of what is preserred in Plutarch (Vi. 8 Orat.
the temple of Artemis, but was murdered in the p. 850), Photius (Bill. p. 490, ed. Bekk), Suidas
sanctuary itself. (Polyaen. viii. 52 ; Justin, xxviii. (l. c. ), and others.
3, by whom she is erroneously called Laudamia ; The number of orations which Deinarchus wrote
Paus. iv. 35. $ 3. ) The date of this event cannot | is uncertain, for Demetrius of Magnesia (ap). Dio-
be accurately fixed, but it occurred during the nus. l. c. l; comp. Suidas and Eudoc. p. 130) as-
reign of Demetrius II. in Macedonia (B. C. 239—cribed to him one hundred and sixty, while Plu-
2:9), and probably in the early part of it. Schorn tarch and Photius speak only of sixty-four genuine
(Gesch. Griechenl. p. 86) supposes Deïdameia to be orations; and Dionysius is of opinion, that among
a daughter of the elder Pyrrhus, not the younger, the eighty-seven which were ascribed to him in
but this is certainly a mistake. [E. H. B. ] his time, only sixty were genuine productions of
DEIMA (Aciua), the personification of fear. Deinarchus. Of all these orations three only have
She was represented in the form of a fearful wo- come down to us entire, and all three refer to the
man, on the tomb of Medeia's children at Corinth. question about Harpalus. One is directed against
(Paus. ii. 3. $ 6. )
[L. S. ) Philocles, the second against Demosthenes, and
DEIMACHUS (Antuaxos), four mythical per- the third against Aristogeiton. It is, however,
sonages. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 9,7. $ 3; Apollon. Rhod. not improbable that the speech against Theocrines,
ii. 955, &c. ; Plut. Quaest. Gr. 41. ) [L. S. ] which is usually printed among those of Demos-
DEIMAS (Acluas), a son of Dardanus and thenes, is likewise a work of Deinarchus. (See
Chryse, who when bis family and a part of the pp. 1333 and 1336 of that oration ; Dionys. Hal.
Arcadian population emigrated, remained behind 1. c. 10; Liban. Argum. ; Harpocrat. s. v. åypapiov
in Arcadia. (Dion. Hal. i. 61. ) [L. S. ] and Deokpívns; Apostol. Proverb. xix. 49. ) The
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DEINARCIUS.
95)
DEINOCRATES.
:-
titles and fragments of the orations which are DEI'NIAS (Aervias). 1. One of a club of wits
Jost, are collected as far as can be by Fabricius at Athens (genwtofotol), called “the Sixty;" of
(Bill. Gr. ii. p. 864, de. ), and more complete by which the orator Callimedon also was a member.
Westermann. (Gesch. der griech. Beredtsumi. p. The date therefore may be placed about 1. c. 325.
311, &c. ) The ancients, such as Dionysius who (Athen. xiv.
