Caurannus was
venerated
on the 28th of
acquaintance of Fursey.
acquaintance of Fursey.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v1
XXX.
, yxxi.
, xxxii.
, p.
81.
Vita S.
uncertain.
See tomus i.
, lib.
xii.
, § Ixi.
,
Furssei a Desmaio, cap x. , p. 290, ibid. P- 374-
^5 In his notes on Bede, Smith assigns it 3° See Dr. Lanigan s "Ecclesiastical His-
to A. D. 633. His argument is founded tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , § ix. ,
niae," xvi. Januarii; Vita S. Fursrei, lib.
chiefly on the supposition, that Sigebert was killed in 635, and that his reign had begun in 630. Accordingly, Smith concluded that Fursey's arrival might be placed in 633, as being about the middle of Sigebert's reign.
** Florence of Worcester, in his ' ' Historia
Anglicana," at the year 636, says, at this time Fursey came from Ireland to the pro- vince of the East Angles. And the same
n. 83, pp. 459, 460. In his life of our saint, Desmay says, the angel signified to Fursey, that he should spend twelve years preaching in Ireland, Scotland, and England, before the time of his journeying into France.
3' See Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19. The same venerable writer treats of the reign and
martyrdom of this king, in succeeding chap-
^'Mabillon mentions it in his
Annales
Ordinis S. Benedict! ," at A. D. 639. He
says, however, his arrival in England oc-
,
"
26o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January i6.
granted him a tract of land, on which he founded a monastery. 3^ The site
of this building was Burghcastle, in the present shire of Suffolk ;33 it was
formerly named Cnobhersberg. This monastery, surrounded by woods, overlooked the sea, and it was erected within the enclosure of a castle. 34
A stranger, who wanders on the dank, marshy shores of the oozy Yare, while contemplating the lichen-encrusted ruins of Roman castramentation, at Gariononum—now Burgh Castle—will scarcely think that those gray walls once enclosed the cell of the Milesian Scot, Fursaeus. Yet, says a distinguished Avriter, strangely is the chain of causation involved, for this obscure anchoret exercised a mighty influence, equally upon the opinion and genius of Roman Christendom. When received in East Anglia by King Sigebert, Fursaeus became emvrapped in those trances, which disclosed to him secrets of a world beyond the grave. 33 Thus, his celebrated visions^ served to kindle that spark, which transmitted to the inharmonious Dante of a barbarous age the first of those compositions, from the combination of which his Divina Coni7nedia arose. 37
Here, Fursey employed himself in preaching and missionary duties, and he brought many unbelievers to embrace the faith ; effecting, likewse, the real conversion of many nominal Christians. 3^ He continued, also, his watchingsandprayers; but,wishingtodevotehimselfaltogethertoheavenly contemplation, he resigned the charge of the monastery and his missions to his brother Fullan and to the priests Gobban and Dichul. 39 In company with his brother Ultan, he lived the life of an anchorite, during a whole year. This they passed in labour, prayer, and fasting. He continued his mode of life until about the time of the expedition of Penda, King of Mercia, against the East Angles.
ters of his history. Polydore Virgil also mentions these occurrences, lib. iv. Mat-
same authority ; and he perfected the en- dowment of this monastery, commenced by
his predecessor; not, however, until after the
succeeded to the East Anglian throne.
39 Gobban, who is erroneously called Gib-
thew of Westminster, in like manner, at
the " Flores year 652,
who to the died, according
death of
228. In the English Martyrology, Sige- best accounts, before a. d. 653, when Anna
Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol, ii. , chap, xvi. , § ix. , p. 458.
35 To such notices, adds Sir Francis Pal- "
grave,
the development of these opinions
the East Anglian churches the fading traces of the grotesque designs by which the same
lessons were imparted. "
Normandy and of England," vol. i. , book i. , chap, i. , pp. 163, 164.
at he knew not the Peronne, although
Historiarum," p.
Fursey,
bert's martyrdom is recorded at the 27th
of September.
s'' See Mabillon's " Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xii. , § Ixi. , p. 374.
33 In the eastern part, according to Cam- gan. This inference appears almost un-
den. questionable, from their very names. Lani- 34 See Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica gan also supposes them to have passed over Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19. Dr. to England, with St. Fursey, from Ireland. Camerarius in his work " De Pietate Scoto- rum," lib. iii. , and Dempster, in his " His- toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. vii. , pp. 304, 305, make St. Gobban concerns us not. But theology was as the a countryman and disciple of St. Fursey. sap flowing into all the branches of human According to these inaccurate writers, he literature . . . . Sermon and homily re- was a British Scot. Camerarius says, that peated these legends ; and the curious arch- Cobban's festival was observed on the 3rd aeologist still recovers from the walls of of November, according to certain tablets
preserved at Perrone. Dempster also main- tains, that his memory was commemorated
—"The of History
day, that an epistle of his was there preserved with great veneration, and that he wrote a 3^ See Ampere's " Histoire Litteraire de book on the Acts of St. Fursey, which
France," tome iii. , p. 115.
37 See Ozanam's "CEuvres Completes,"
Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19. King Anna was successor of Sigebert, according to the
Colgan supposes may have been the old acts of our saint, referred to by the Venerable Bede. The priests Gobban and Dichull,
here mentioned, are not yet satisfactorily identified.
tome v. , pp. 458, 459. 38 "
bon in a and note,
are to thought
Dichull,
have been natives of Ireland by Dr. Lani-
January i6. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 261
When leaving Ireland, Fursey Is said to have taken the relics of many- saints with him. 4° Among them were the reliqui(B of Saints Meldan and Beodan, whom he had seen in his visions. It is even stated,'*'^ that Fursey visited Scotland, where he preached the Gospel for some time, previous to hisarrivalinEngland. ButwecannotdiscoverwhatauthorityDesmayhad for this latter statement. While Fursey was engaged prosecuting the labours of the Gospel in England, the pious King Sigebert resolved on abandoning his sceptre, in order to become a monk, under our saint's direction. This resolution he put in practice,4^ and appointed his cousin, who was named Egric, to succeed him on the throne. +3 He was thus
enabled to enter the monastery, which he had founded. Before the con- struction of his monastery in England, it is said that St. Fursey had another
vision, having previously sustained an attack of his customary illness, which lasted for three days. During this vision, he was admonished about the necessity for earnestness in the labour of preaching. He heard these words
:
of the Gospel addressed to him " Watch and pray, for you know not the
day,northehour. " Thisexhortationwasconstantlyrecurringtohismemory.
It urged the saint to make extraordinary exertions in his missionary labours, and in diffusing still more the spirit of his monastic institute. Pious young men of all ranks and orders left parents, relatives, wealth, and secular pursuits,whiletheyrepairedtohismonastery,atCnobhersberg. 44 Oursaint accompanied the duties of his more active ministry by those pious exercises which might best enable him to anticipate the certain approach of death, however uncertain the time, place, and manner of its advent. ^s
Nothing seemed wanting to his religious establishment at Cnobhersberg,
except a bell, for summoning the monks to sing the Divine praises in their
church. This want was miraculously supplied. '*^ The young son of a
certain widow, named Anna, died, and his corpse was brought to the church
.
year of Grace six hundred thirty-eight af-
forded an example of Heroicall humility and
contempt of the world, which had hitherto
never been practis'd in God's Church, but
was afterwards frequently imitated : which
was that a King, not forced thereto by any
calamity, freely abandon'd his throne to in-
close himself in a Monastery, there to be
subject to the will of a poor stranger, de-
priv'd of all things that might'please sence, mortified with continuall abstinence, fre-
quent fasts, watching, cilices, and scarce ever interrupted devotion. All which he cheerfully underwent that he might more securely provide for another kingdom after thislife. "
3Cressy places this succession at A. D, 638. vSee ibid.
*Thismonasteryofoursaint, constructed, according to Bede, "in castro quodam,
called Themanahera. About fifty years elapsed between the time of St. Fursey and of Venerable Bede. Desmay falls into a mistake when he says, that Venerable Bede was told, regarding Fursey's verbal descrip- tions of his visions, by a monk that lived under our saint in this monastery. How- ever, Bede only states, that he heard these accounts from a truthful and religious man, who saw Fursey in the province of East Anglia.
^sSee Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19.
^^ Such is Desmay's account,
*? John Mielot, who wrote A. D. 1432, re-
lates that, by a special gift of Providence, all places, to which the sound of this bell
reached, were singularly preserved from the destructive effects of thunder, lightning, and storms,
for interment. Then an angel appeared descending from the skies, and in
presence of the whole funeral train, he presented a bell to St. Fursey. At
its first sound, the young man came to life, and he lived holily as a monk
in the monastery of Cnobhersberg, until again it pleased God to call him out of this world. 47
quod lingua Anglorum Cnobhersbuvg. I. Urbs Cnobheri vocatur," is said by Trithe- mius to have been called Cnoab Hersbourg, in the old English tongue. It was situated
chap, vii. , p. 356, where he says, "The in the neighbourhood of a certain village,
*" See his life by Desmay. *' Ibid.
4- In Cressy's valuable
work, "The Church History of Brittany," book xv. ,
262 LIVES 01^ THE IRISB' SAINTS. [January i6.
Having firmly established his monastery in England, it is said Fursey made journeys at one time to Ireland, and at another to Scotland, that he
might encourage to perseverance in virtue those spiritual children he had brought to Christ, in both kingdoms. It is stated, likewise, that whilst engaged on these pastoral missions, he built from its foundation a certain
monastery in Ireland, called Clumet. +^ In a short time, his religious family became very numerous in this place. St. Fursey held the Lord's Day in
such veneration, that he began to observe it with special devotion, from the
hour of none on the preceding Saturday. Wherever the saint lodged at this
particular time, he was accustomed to remain without moving, and to engage
in pious contemplation until the following Monday. Once, when travelling towards a certain city in Ireland, of which a St. Parmedinus is said to have
been bishop,'^9 he Avrought a remarkable miracle to reprove a want of reverence on the part of its citizens.
A short time after the performance of this miracle, our saint is said to have returned to England, where a famine so generally prevailed, that his religious supposed they should be left without necessaries to sustain life. Fursey reproached them for their want of trust in Divine Providence. He told them, that they who cherished poverty through a love of God should never be without aid from heaven ; and that the more they practised privation, and abandoned all care of temporal concerns, the more must they enjoy Almighty favour. Within a few days' time, he confirmed these words by the performance of a remarkable miracle. Going forth into a particular field belonging to his monastery, and attended by a St. Lactan,s° who was the usual companion of his various journeys, Fursey began to dig and cultivate the earth with spade and rake. He then planted seed, and within the short term of three days it grew up into com ripe for the hook. It was soon fit to be drawn into the granary. Faith in Divine Providence was wonderfully strengthened among the religious family of St. Fursey. They placed full reliance on God's mercies and bounty owing to this miracle, and felt no further solicitude regarding their temporal needs.
The holy man, calling King Sigebert and his nobles apart, conversed withtheminanaffablemanner. Hewishedtoreconcilethemtoanavowal of his hitherto concealed resolution. He succeeded in obtaining the consent of clergy and laity for the election of his brother Foillan to the dignity of abbot, over that monastery he had founded. To his charge was then entrusted those monks who had there devoted themselves to a religious life. Fursey then enriched the church with a present of many precious relics. Through their means many miracles were aftenvards wrought. Then he permitted his other brother Ultan to retire into a desert place, as the latter,
*^ Colgan thinks Cluainet or Cluainech,
should be read, and that it may have been
the monastery of Cluain-eich, in which St.
Caurannus was venerated on the 28th of
acquaintance of Fursey. In the life of Fin- barr, which Colgan intended to publish, at the asth of September, mention is made of
St. Fursey, in the 35th chapter, where he refers to note 81. See "Acta Sanctorum
April. See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
ix. Februarii. Vita S. Furssei, n, 10, p. 299. Hibemiae," ix, Febmarii. Vita S. Furssei,
<9In a note, at this passage, Colgan re-
marks, that, amongst the saints of Ireland, he could ,not find one called Parmedinus.
n. 11, p. 299. The latter remarks fairly
indicate, that the learned Colgan had pro-
ceeded to a considerable length in preparing
for the " Acts of Irish Saints," which press
his death prevented him from publishing,
so in the time of St. Fursey, St. Lactan, Bishop of Freshford, and of Munster de- scent, son to Tarb, flourished. His feast occurs on the 19th of March, but probably
another saint of the name is meant«
He the saint in suspects
should In the time of St. Fursey, there was a saint in Ireland named Barrindus, Bishop of Cork, who has been also called Barrius, Barrindi- nus, or Finbarrius. What is more to the purpose, this saint was a countryman and
question probably be called Barrindinus.
January i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 263
distinguished for his purity of life and religious conduct, had often desired to lead an eremitical life. Ever anxious to avoid the praise and observation of worldlings, having obtained a reluctant consent from the king, and knowing that those who labour to secure human applause are despised by God, St. Fursey himself retired to a wood, where he might become a hermit, removed fromtheconversationofmen. St. GobbanandSt. Dichullwereappointed assistants to St. Foillan. According to Molanus and the Venerable Bede, Fursey lived during an entire year in his retreat, supporting himself by the labour of his hands, and spending tliis time in vigils, fasting, and prayer, s'
Penda, the pagan king of the Mercians, drew together a powerful army, and invaded the East Angles. s^ Egric prepared to resist, but it was deemed
expedient, likewise, to induce the co-operation and active exertions of Sigebert. It was hoped' the presence of this noble and valiant leader must inspire the East Angles to contend with greater resolution and courage. S3 Drawn reluctantly from his devout manner of living, Sigebert assumed command of their army. The attack was violently commenced by Penda,5* with an overwhelming force, and after a brave resistance the East Angles were utterly routed. Sigebert,ss their royal leader, and Egric, their king, fell in this disastrous battle.
Anna, the son of Eni, who was the brother of Rediwald, succeeded to the kingdom of Sigebert and Egric. Having a regal and a lawful title, his accession was gladly acquiesced in by all his subjects. Never was any Saxon king more blessed in his progeny,s^ His son Erconwald was Bishop of London, and eminent for his sanctity f^ while he had five holy daughters, viz. , Queen Etheldreda,^^ Queen Sexburga,s9 Ethelburga,^ Edil- burga,^^ and Wichburga. ^^ All of these died in the odour of sanctity, and their names are inscribed in the English Martyrology. ^3
S' See " Acta Sanctorum Hi- Colgan's
ing years.
bemise," xvi. Januarii. Vita S. Fursaei, Gentis Anglorum," lib. ii. , cap. xiii. Harps-
lib, i. , cap. xxxiii. , xxxiv. , and lib, ii. , cap. feld, saec. vii,, cap. x.
vii. , pp. 81, 84. Also, "VitaS. Fursaei S7 His principal feast occurs on the 30th a Desmaio, cap. xi. , xii. , pp. 291, 292. of April. See his acts in Venerable Bede's Bede's"HistoriaEcclesiasticaGenlisAn- -"HistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum,"
glorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19.
s^ According to Cressy, this took place
A. D. 642. See "Church Histoiy of Brit-
tany," book xv. , chap, ix. , p. 358.
53 See Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. xviii. , p. 207. This event happened A. D. 635, ac-
"
L'Art de Verifier les Dates," etc. , tome i. , p. 791.
5* The reader is referred to the life of St. Chad, at the 7th of January, for some ac- count of this king.
ssThis pious king is commemorated as a
martyr in the English martyrology, at the 27th of September. See *' L'Art de Veri-
fier les Dates," etc. , tome i. , p. 791. But in the Gallic Martyrology, at the 7th of August, his feast occurs. See Cressy's "Church History of Brittany," book xv. , chap, ix. , p. 358.
lib. iv. , cap. vi. , pp. 275 to 277. Also, Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the Fathers,
Martyrs, and other Principal Saints," vol. iv,, April xxx.
s^Her feast occurs at the 23rd of June.
At first, she married Toubercht, prince of the Southern Girvii, and after his death she
again married Egfrid, the powerful king of Northumbria. See her life in the History
of Ely, by Thomas, a monk of that place,
"
in Wharton's
S9 She married Ercombert, a pious king
of Kent. She died on the 6th of July, to-
wards the end of the seventh century. See
cording to
5^See Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. xviii. , and lib. iv. , cap. xix. , pp. 207, 208, 304, to 309. Also, Edward Mahew, tab. iii. , pars, ii. , cap. ii. Florence of Worcester, at A. D. 679, and Matthew of
logy. "'Thisholyvirginisveneratedonthe7th
of July, according to the Roman, English, and Gallic Martyrologies.
"Flores Historiarum," at A. D, 652, and the follow-
Lelaftd, Collect. , vol. iii. , p. 167.
*3See "Church ofBrit« Cressy's History
tany," book xv,, chap, ix,, p. 358.
Westminster,
^^
Her feast occurs at the 8th ofJuly. See
William of "De Malmesbury,
Anglia Sacra," p. 597,
Mahew, the English Martyrology, and "
Weever's Funeral Monuments," p. 283.
^ She was abbess of the monastery of Berking, and her feast occurs at the 23rd of February, according to the English Martyro-
264 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January i6
When affairs of state became disturbed in England, and especially in that
part of it where St. Fursey usually resided, his good offices were required to repress or appease seditions,^* With the advice of his nobles, the king waited on the holy abbot, who unwillingly left his cherished eremitical retreat, ready to promote the interest both of the monarch and of his state. Wherefore, with all zeal, prudence, and constancy, Fursey began to turn his attention to those necessary arguments, which might induce men, who meditated seditions and revolutionary designs, to enter upon courses that might lead to peace. However, finding himself unable to stem the torrent of impending evils, he directed his attention towards other objects. He desired most earnestly to arm against future tribulations by the virtues of prudence and fortitude, not only his own religious, but likewise all those who were his spiritual children, and to whom he announced the Gospel of Christ. Then communicating to his monks a design which he had long before meditated, for visiting the relics of the saints in the city of Rome, we are told, that he selected, as companions of this journey, his brothers Foillan^s and Ultan,^^ with Mimbolus,^^ Eloquius,^ Adelgisus,^ Gobanus,7° Etto,7' Bertuin,72 and Fredegandus. 73 All of these were most holy persons,
not alone in name and public estimation, but in reality, and fully exercised
in all virtues,7+ About this time, a certain Count of Hannonia had been
returning to Gaul from Ireland, to which latter country he is said to have
been sent by King Dagobert. 7S This count bore the name of Vincent. ^^
When passing through England, on his way to France, hearing so much concerning Fursey's virtues, he turned out of the usual course to visit
him. Being greatly pleased with his erudition and sanctity, Vincent, it is said, succeeded in persuading our saint to accompany him to Gaul.
Desmay relates, that, in company with the band of holy persons already named, Fursey took his departure for France, to the great regret of his brethren, who remained in England. As a token of his regard for
these pious monks, our saint left them his cincture, which his loving disciples afterwards covered with gold. It was held in great veneration ; for a popular belief prevailed, that whoever should bind it round the waist, with a pious faith, thenceforth would be freed from all irregular desires. His English brethren also preserved as relics of our saint even the paring of his nails and some locks of his hair, which had been carefully kept as memorials, though without St. Fursey's knowledge. Finding that the English pro- vince in which he resided was disturbed by pagan incursions, and foreseeing that danger impended over those living in the monasteries, our saint, after making due arrangements, went over to France. 77 He is thought to have discharged his monks from the monastery, until the times should become more peaceable. 7^
** Such is Desmans account.
's See his acts at the 31st of October.
**
Hisfeastoccursatthe1stofMay. *7At the 1 8th of November his acts will
be found.
'^
His feast occurs at the 3rd of Decern- ber.
^ His feast is held on the 2nd of June.
7° The identification of this Gobban is doubtful.
7' This holy man's feast is at the loth of July.
w His feast is placed at the 17th of July.
1^ All did not accompany St. Fursey when heleftEngland. Someafterwardsfollowed him to Gaul,
7S it is also stated, in the capacity of
governor. This, however, is simply absurd, 7« Colgan intended to give the acts of this
St. Vincent, sumamed Madelgarius, at the
ber.
n. 86, p. 460.
''His feast occurs at the nth of Novem* tory of Ireland. " vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , § ix. ,
14th of July,
77 He states that
" Dimissis ordi-
Fursey,
nate omnibus, navigavit Galliam. "
78 " Ecclesiastical His- See Dr. Lanigan's
January i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 265
CHAPTER VI.
THE PERIOD OK ST. FURSEV's A'ISIT TO GAl'L—ST. VINCENT, COENT OF HANNOMA, AND TIIS WIFE, ST. WALDETRUE, EMBRACE A REEIGIOES LIFE—ST. FURSEY RE- STORES DUKE HAYMON'S son TO FIFE—ACCOUNTS REfiARDING ST. FFRSEV's JOURNEY TO ROME—HIS MIRACLES—THE HONOURS AND DIGNFITES SAID TO HAVE BEEN CONFERRED ON HIM BY THE ROMAN PONTIFF.
Considerable diversity of opinion prevails as to the time when Fursey arrived in Gaul. Ussher places it so early as the year 640. ' Werner holds that Fursey, with his brothers Foillan and Ultan, arrived in that country during the year 644.
Furssei a Desmaio, cap x. , p. 290, ibid. P- 374-
^5 In his notes on Bede, Smith assigns it 3° See Dr. Lanigan s "Ecclesiastical His-
to A. D. 633. His argument is founded tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , § ix. ,
niae," xvi. Januarii; Vita S. Fursrei, lib.
chiefly on the supposition, that Sigebert was killed in 635, and that his reign had begun in 630. Accordingly, Smith concluded that Fursey's arrival might be placed in 633, as being about the middle of Sigebert's reign.
** Florence of Worcester, in his ' ' Historia
Anglicana," at the year 636, says, at this time Fursey came from Ireland to the pro- vince of the East Angles. And the same
n. 83, pp. 459, 460. In his life of our saint, Desmay says, the angel signified to Fursey, that he should spend twelve years preaching in Ireland, Scotland, and England, before the time of his journeying into France.
3' See Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19. The same venerable writer treats of the reign and
martyrdom of this king, in succeeding chap-
^'Mabillon mentions it in his
Annales
Ordinis S. Benedict! ," at A. D. 639. He
says, however, his arrival in England oc-
,
"
26o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January i6.
granted him a tract of land, on which he founded a monastery. 3^ The site
of this building was Burghcastle, in the present shire of Suffolk ;33 it was
formerly named Cnobhersberg. This monastery, surrounded by woods, overlooked the sea, and it was erected within the enclosure of a castle. 34
A stranger, who wanders on the dank, marshy shores of the oozy Yare, while contemplating the lichen-encrusted ruins of Roman castramentation, at Gariononum—now Burgh Castle—will scarcely think that those gray walls once enclosed the cell of the Milesian Scot, Fursaeus. Yet, says a distinguished Avriter, strangely is the chain of causation involved, for this obscure anchoret exercised a mighty influence, equally upon the opinion and genius of Roman Christendom. When received in East Anglia by King Sigebert, Fursaeus became emvrapped in those trances, which disclosed to him secrets of a world beyond the grave. 33 Thus, his celebrated visions^ served to kindle that spark, which transmitted to the inharmonious Dante of a barbarous age the first of those compositions, from the combination of which his Divina Coni7nedia arose. 37
Here, Fursey employed himself in preaching and missionary duties, and he brought many unbelievers to embrace the faith ; effecting, likewse, the real conversion of many nominal Christians. 3^ He continued, also, his watchingsandprayers; but,wishingtodevotehimselfaltogethertoheavenly contemplation, he resigned the charge of the monastery and his missions to his brother Fullan and to the priests Gobban and Dichul. 39 In company with his brother Ultan, he lived the life of an anchorite, during a whole year. This they passed in labour, prayer, and fasting. He continued his mode of life until about the time of the expedition of Penda, King of Mercia, against the East Angles.
ters of his history. Polydore Virgil also mentions these occurrences, lib. iv. Mat-
same authority ; and he perfected the en- dowment of this monastery, commenced by
his predecessor; not, however, until after the
succeeded to the East Anglian throne.
39 Gobban, who is erroneously called Gib-
thew of Westminster, in like manner, at
the " Flores year 652,
who to the died, according
death of
228. In the English Martyrology, Sige- best accounts, before a. d. 653, when Anna
Lanigan's " Ecclesiastical History of Ire- land," vol, ii. , chap, xvi. , § ix. , p. 458.
35 To such notices, adds Sir Francis Pal- "
grave,
the development of these opinions
the East Anglian churches the fading traces of the grotesque designs by which the same
lessons were imparted. "
Normandy and of England," vol. i. , book i. , chap, i. , pp. 163, 164.
at he knew not the Peronne, although
Historiarum," p.
Fursey,
bert's martyrdom is recorded at the 27th
of September.
s'' See Mabillon's " Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xii. , § Ixi. , p. 374.
33 In the eastern part, according to Cam- gan. This inference appears almost un-
den. questionable, from their very names. Lani- 34 See Bede's " Historia Ecclesiastica gan also supposes them to have passed over Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19. Dr. to England, with St. Fursey, from Ireland. Camerarius in his work " De Pietate Scoto- rum," lib. iii. , and Dempster, in his " His- toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. vii. , pp. 304, 305, make St. Gobban concerns us not. But theology was as the a countryman and disciple of St. Fursey. sap flowing into all the branches of human According to these inaccurate writers, he literature . . . . Sermon and homily re- was a British Scot. Camerarius says, that peated these legends ; and the curious arch- Cobban's festival was observed on the 3rd aeologist still recovers from the walls of of November, according to certain tablets
preserved at Perrone. Dempster also main- tains, that his memory was commemorated
—"The of History
day, that an epistle of his was there preserved with great veneration, and that he wrote a 3^ See Ampere's " Histoire Litteraire de book on the Acts of St. Fursey, which
France," tome iii. , p. 115.
37 See Ozanam's "CEuvres Completes,"
Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19. King Anna was successor of Sigebert, according to the
Colgan supposes may have been the old acts of our saint, referred to by the Venerable Bede. The priests Gobban and Dichull,
here mentioned, are not yet satisfactorily identified.
tome v. , pp. 458, 459. 38 "
bon in a and note,
are to thought
Dichull,
have been natives of Ireland by Dr. Lani-
January i6. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 261
When leaving Ireland, Fursey Is said to have taken the relics of many- saints with him. 4° Among them were the reliqui(B of Saints Meldan and Beodan, whom he had seen in his visions. It is even stated,'*'^ that Fursey visited Scotland, where he preached the Gospel for some time, previous to hisarrivalinEngland. ButwecannotdiscoverwhatauthorityDesmayhad for this latter statement. While Fursey was engaged prosecuting the labours of the Gospel in England, the pious King Sigebert resolved on abandoning his sceptre, in order to become a monk, under our saint's direction. This resolution he put in practice,4^ and appointed his cousin, who was named Egric, to succeed him on the throne. +3 He was thus
enabled to enter the monastery, which he had founded. Before the con- struction of his monastery in England, it is said that St. Fursey had another
vision, having previously sustained an attack of his customary illness, which lasted for three days. During this vision, he was admonished about the necessity for earnestness in the labour of preaching. He heard these words
:
of the Gospel addressed to him " Watch and pray, for you know not the
day,northehour. " Thisexhortationwasconstantlyrecurringtohismemory.
It urged the saint to make extraordinary exertions in his missionary labours, and in diffusing still more the spirit of his monastic institute. Pious young men of all ranks and orders left parents, relatives, wealth, and secular pursuits,whiletheyrepairedtohismonastery,atCnobhersberg. 44 Oursaint accompanied the duties of his more active ministry by those pious exercises which might best enable him to anticipate the certain approach of death, however uncertain the time, place, and manner of its advent. ^s
Nothing seemed wanting to his religious establishment at Cnobhersberg,
except a bell, for summoning the monks to sing the Divine praises in their
church. This want was miraculously supplied. '*^ The young son of a
certain widow, named Anna, died, and his corpse was brought to the church
.
year of Grace six hundred thirty-eight af-
forded an example of Heroicall humility and
contempt of the world, which had hitherto
never been practis'd in God's Church, but
was afterwards frequently imitated : which
was that a King, not forced thereto by any
calamity, freely abandon'd his throne to in-
close himself in a Monastery, there to be
subject to the will of a poor stranger, de-
priv'd of all things that might'please sence, mortified with continuall abstinence, fre-
quent fasts, watching, cilices, and scarce ever interrupted devotion. All which he cheerfully underwent that he might more securely provide for another kingdom after thislife. "
3Cressy places this succession at A. D, 638. vSee ibid.
*Thismonasteryofoursaint, constructed, according to Bede, "in castro quodam,
called Themanahera. About fifty years elapsed between the time of St. Fursey and of Venerable Bede. Desmay falls into a mistake when he says, that Venerable Bede was told, regarding Fursey's verbal descrip- tions of his visions, by a monk that lived under our saint in this monastery. How- ever, Bede only states, that he heard these accounts from a truthful and religious man, who saw Fursey in the province of East Anglia.
^sSee Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19.
^^ Such is Desmay's account,
*? John Mielot, who wrote A. D. 1432, re-
lates that, by a special gift of Providence, all places, to which the sound of this bell
reached, were singularly preserved from the destructive effects of thunder, lightning, and storms,
for interment. Then an angel appeared descending from the skies, and in
presence of the whole funeral train, he presented a bell to St. Fursey. At
its first sound, the young man came to life, and he lived holily as a monk
in the monastery of Cnobhersberg, until again it pleased God to call him out of this world. 47
quod lingua Anglorum Cnobhersbuvg. I. Urbs Cnobheri vocatur," is said by Trithe- mius to have been called Cnoab Hersbourg, in the old English tongue. It was situated
chap, vii. , p. 356, where he says, "The in the neighbourhood of a certain village,
*" See his life by Desmay. *' Ibid.
4- In Cressy's valuable
work, "The Church History of Brittany," book xv. ,
262 LIVES 01^ THE IRISB' SAINTS. [January i6.
Having firmly established his monastery in England, it is said Fursey made journeys at one time to Ireland, and at another to Scotland, that he
might encourage to perseverance in virtue those spiritual children he had brought to Christ, in both kingdoms. It is stated, likewise, that whilst engaged on these pastoral missions, he built from its foundation a certain
monastery in Ireland, called Clumet. +^ In a short time, his religious family became very numerous in this place. St. Fursey held the Lord's Day in
such veneration, that he began to observe it with special devotion, from the
hour of none on the preceding Saturday. Wherever the saint lodged at this
particular time, he was accustomed to remain without moving, and to engage
in pious contemplation until the following Monday. Once, when travelling towards a certain city in Ireland, of which a St. Parmedinus is said to have
been bishop,'^9 he Avrought a remarkable miracle to reprove a want of reverence on the part of its citizens.
A short time after the performance of this miracle, our saint is said to have returned to England, where a famine so generally prevailed, that his religious supposed they should be left without necessaries to sustain life. Fursey reproached them for their want of trust in Divine Providence. He told them, that they who cherished poverty through a love of God should never be without aid from heaven ; and that the more they practised privation, and abandoned all care of temporal concerns, the more must they enjoy Almighty favour. Within a few days' time, he confirmed these words by the performance of a remarkable miracle. Going forth into a particular field belonging to his monastery, and attended by a St. Lactan,s° who was the usual companion of his various journeys, Fursey began to dig and cultivate the earth with spade and rake. He then planted seed, and within the short term of three days it grew up into com ripe for the hook. It was soon fit to be drawn into the granary. Faith in Divine Providence was wonderfully strengthened among the religious family of St. Fursey. They placed full reliance on God's mercies and bounty owing to this miracle, and felt no further solicitude regarding their temporal needs.
The holy man, calling King Sigebert and his nobles apart, conversed withtheminanaffablemanner. Hewishedtoreconcilethemtoanavowal of his hitherto concealed resolution. He succeeded in obtaining the consent of clergy and laity for the election of his brother Foillan to the dignity of abbot, over that monastery he had founded. To his charge was then entrusted those monks who had there devoted themselves to a religious life. Fursey then enriched the church with a present of many precious relics. Through their means many miracles were aftenvards wrought. Then he permitted his other brother Ultan to retire into a desert place, as the latter,
*^ Colgan thinks Cluainet or Cluainech,
should be read, and that it may have been
the monastery of Cluain-eich, in which St.
Caurannus was venerated on the 28th of
acquaintance of Fursey. In the life of Fin- barr, which Colgan intended to publish, at the asth of September, mention is made of
St. Fursey, in the 35th chapter, where he refers to note 81. See "Acta Sanctorum
April. See "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae,"
ix. Februarii. Vita S. Furssei, n, 10, p. 299. Hibemiae," ix, Febmarii. Vita S. Furssei,
<9In a note, at this passage, Colgan re-
marks, that, amongst the saints of Ireland, he could ,not find one called Parmedinus.
n. 11, p. 299. The latter remarks fairly
indicate, that the learned Colgan had pro-
ceeded to a considerable length in preparing
for the " Acts of Irish Saints," which press
his death prevented him from publishing,
so in the time of St. Fursey, St. Lactan, Bishop of Freshford, and of Munster de- scent, son to Tarb, flourished. His feast occurs on the 19th of March, but probably
another saint of the name is meant«
He the saint in suspects
should In the time of St. Fursey, there was a saint in Ireland named Barrindus, Bishop of Cork, who has been also called Barrius, Barrindi- nus, or Finbarrius. What is more to the purpose, this saint was a countryman and
question probably be called Barrindinus.
January i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 263
distinguished for his purity of life and religious conduct, had often desired to lead an eremitical life. Ever anxious to avoid the praise and observation of worldlings, having obtained a reluctant consent from the king, and knowing that those who labour to secure human applause are despised by God, St. Fursey himself retired to a wood, where he might become a hermit, removed fromtheconversationofmen. St. GobbanandSt. Dichullwereappointed assistants to St. Foillan. According to Molanus and the Venerable Bede, Fursey lived during an entire year in his retreat, supporting himself by the labour of his hands, and spending tliis time in vigils, fasting, and prayer, s'
Penda, the pagan king of the Mercians, drew together a powerful army, and invaded the East Angles. s^ Egric prepared to resist, but it was deemed
expedient, likewise, to induce the co-operation and active exertions of Sigebert. It was hoped' the presence of this noble and valiant leader must inspire the East Angles to contend with greater resolution and courage. S3 Drawn reluctantly from his devout manner of living, Sigebert assumed command of their army. The attack was violently commenced by Penda,5* with an overwhelming force, and after a brave resistance the East Angles were utterly routed. Sigebert,ss their royal leader, and Egric, their king, fell in this disastrous battle.
Anna, the son of Eni, who was the brother of Rediwald, succeeded to the kingdom of Sigebert and Egric. Having a regal and a lawful title, his accession was gladly acquiesced in by all his subjects. Never was any Saxon king more blessed in his progeny,s^ His son Erconwald was Bishop of London, and eminent for his sanctity f^ while he had five holy daughters, viz. , Queen Etheldreda,^^ Queen Sexburga,s9 Ethelburga,^ Edil- burga,^^ and Wichburga. ^^ All of these died in the odour of sanctity, and their names are inscribed in the English Martyrology. ^3
S' See " Acta Sanctorum Hi- Colgan's
ing years.
bemise," xvi. Januarii. Vita S. Fursaei, Gentis Anglorum," lib. ii. , cap. xiii. Harps-
lib, i. , cap. xxxiii. , xxxiv. , and lib, ii. , cap. feld, saec. vii,, cap. x.
vii. , pp. 81, 84. Also, "VitaS. Fursaei S7 His principal feast occurs on the 30th a Desmaio, cap. xi. , xii. , pp. 291, 292. of April. See his acts in Venerable Bede's Bede's"HistoriaEcclesiasticaGenlisAn- -"HistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorum,"
glorum," lib. iii. , cap. 19.
s^ According to Cressy, this took place
A. D. 642. See "Church Histoiy of Brit-
tany," book xv. , chap, ix. , p. 358.
53 See Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica
Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. xviii. , p. 207. This event happened A. D. 635, ac-
"
L'Art de Verifier les Dates," etc. , tome i. , p. 791.
5* The reader is referred to the life of St. Chad, at the 7th of January, for some ac- count of this king.
ssThis pious king is commemorated as a
martyr in the English martyrology, at the 27th of September. See *' L'Art de Veri-
fier les Dates," etc. , tome i. , p. 791. But in the Gallic Martyrology, at the 7th of August, his feast occurs. See Cressy's "Church History of Brittany," book xv. , chap, ix. , p. 358.
lib. iv. , cap. vi. , pp. 275 to 277. Also, Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the Fathers,
Martyrs, and other Principal Saints," vol. iv,, April xxx.
s^Her feast occurs at the 23rd of June.
At first, she married Toubercht, prince of the Southern Girvii, and after his death she
again married Egfrid, the powerful king of Northumbria. See her life in the History
of Ely, by Thomas, a monk of that place,
"
in Wharton's
S9 She married Ercombert, a pious king
of Kent. She died on the 6th of July, to-
wards the end of the seventh century. See
cording to
5^See Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. , cap. xviii. , and lib. iv. , cap. xix. , pp. 207, 208, 304, to 309. Also, Edward Mahew, tab. iii. , pars, ii. , cap. ii. Florence of Worcester, at A. D. 679, and Matthew of
logy. "'Thisholyvirginisveneratedonthe7th
of July, according to the Roman, English, and Gallic Martyrologies.
"Flores Historiarum," at A. D, 652, and the follow-
Lelaftd, Collect. , vol. iii. , p. 167.
*3See "Church ofBrit« Cressy's History
tany," book xv,, chap, ix,, p. 358.
Westminster,
^^
Her feast occurs at the 8th ofJuly. See
William of "De Malmesbury,
Anglia Sacra," p. 597,
Mahew, the English Martyrology, and "
Weever's Funeral Monuments," p. 283.
^ She was abbess of the monastery of Berking, and her feast occurs at the 23rd of February, according to the English Martyro-
264 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [January i6
When affairs of state became disturbed in England, and especially in that
part of it where St. Fursey usually resided, his good offices were required to repress or appease seditions,^* With the advice of his nobles, the king waited on the holy abbot, who unwillingly left his cherished eremitical retreat, ready to promote the interest both of the monarch and of his state. Wherefore, with all zeal, prudence, and constancy, Fursey began to turn his attention to those necessary arguments, which might induce men, who meditated seditions and revolutionary designs, to enter upon courses that might lead to peace. However, finding himself unable to stem the torrent of impending evils, he directed his attention towards other objects. He desired most earnestly to arm against future tribulations by the virtues of prudence and fortitude, not only his own religious, but likewise all those who were his spiritual children, and to whom he announced the Gospel of Christ. Then communicating to his monks a design which he had long before meditated, for visiting the relics of the saints in the city of Rome, we are told, that he selected, as companions of this journey, his brothers Foillan^s and Ultan,^^ with Mimbolus,^^ Eloquius,^ Adelgisus,^ Gobanus,7° Etto,7' Bertuin,72 and Fredegandus. 73 All of these were most holy persons,
not alone in name and public estimation, but in reality, and fully exercised
in all virtues,7+ About this time, a certain Count of Hannonia had been
returning to Gaul from Ireland, to which latter country he is said to have
been sent by King Dagobert. 7S This count bore the name of Vincent. ^^
When passing through England, on his way to France, hearing so much concerning Fursey's virtues, he turned out of the usual course to visit
him. Being greatly pleased with his erudition and sanctity, Vincent, it is said, succeeded in persuading our saint to accompany him to Gaul.
Desmay relates, that, in company with the band of holy persons already named, Fursey took his departure for France, to the great regret of his brethren, who remained in England. As a token of his regard for
these pious monks, our saint left them his cincture, which his loving disciples afterwards covered with gold. It was held in great veneration ; for a popular belief prevailed, that whoever should bind it round the waist, with a pious faith, thenceforth would be freed from all irregular desires. His English brethren also preserved as relics of our saint even the paring of his nails and some locks of his hair, which had been carefully kept as memorials, though without St. Fursey's knowledge. Finding that the English pro- vince in which he resided was disturbed by pagan incursions, and foreseeing that danger impended over those living in the monasteries, our saint, after making due arrangements, went over to France. 77 He is thought to have discharged his monks from the monastery, until the times should become more peaceable. 7^
** Such is Desmans account.
's See his acts at the 31st of October.
**
Hisfeastoccursatthe1stofMay. *7At the 1 8th of November his acts will
be found.
'^
His feast occurs at the 3rd of Decern- ber.
^ His feast is held on the 2nd of June.
7° The identification of this Gobban is doubtful.
7' This holy man's feast is at the loth of July.
w His feast is placed at the 17th of July.
1^ All did not accompany St. Fursey when heleftEngland. Someafterwardsfollowed him to Gaul,
7S it is also stated, in the capacity of
governor. This, however, is simply absurd, 7« Colgan intended to give the acts of this
St. Vincent, sumamed Madelgarius, at the
ber.
n. 86, p. 460.
''His feast occurs at the nth of Novem* tory of Ireland. " vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , § ix. ,
14th of July,
77 He states that
" Dimissis ordi-
Fursey,
nate omnibus, navigavit Galliam. "
78 " Ecclesiastical His- See Dr. Lanigan's
January i6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 265
CHAPTER VI.
THE PERIOD OK ST. FURSEV's A'ISIT TO GAl'L—ST. VINCENT, COENT OF HANNOMA, AND TIIS WIFE, ST. WALDETRUE, EMBRACE A REEIGIOES LIFE—ST. FURSEY RE- STORES DUKE HAYMON'S son TO FIFE—ACCOUNTS REfiARDING ST. FFRSEV's JOURNEY TO ROME—HIS MIRACLES—THE HONOURS AND DIGNFITES SAID TO HAVE BEEN CONFERRED ON HIM BY THE ROMAN PONTIFF.
Considerable diversity of opinion prevails as to the time when Fursey arrived in Gaul. Ussher places it so early as the year 640. ' Werner holds that Fursey, with his brothers Foillan and Ultan, arrived in that country during the year 644.
