No More Learning

lished by Johan. Steph. Bernard, Lugd. Bat. 1757, 22. $ 6. )
8vo. ; and, lastly, the work has been recently re- 2. One of the Pompeian party, who was in
edited by Ritschl, with valuable Prolegomena, exile in B. C. 45, and to whom Cicero addressed
under the following title :- -Thomae Magistri sive two letters of consolation, which are extant (ad
Thcoduli Monachi Ecloga Vocum Alticarum. Ex Fam. vi. 20, 21, where the name is usually written
Recensione ct cum Prolegomenis Frilerici Nitschclii. Toranius or Torannius. )
Halis Sax. 1831, 1832, 8vo. An edition of the 3. C. THORANIUS or TORANIUS, was the tutor
Orations and Epistles, which were then known, or guardian of Octavianus, and the colleague of
was published in Greek and Latin, Upsal. 1693, his father in the aedileship, but was nevertheless
4to. , by Laurentius Norrmann, who had edited the proscribed by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, at the
Laudatio Gregorü alone two years before, Upsal. request of his son, who was anxious to obtain pos-
1691, 410. ; and two other orations, namely that to session of his property. His son soon dissipated
Andronicus Palacologus de Regis Officiis, and the the inheritance which he had acquired by parri-
fellow to it, de Sulitorum erga Regem Officiis, cide, was convicted of theft, and died in exile.
have been published in the Nova Collectio Veterum (Appian, B. C. iv. 12, 18 ; Suet. Octav. 27 ; Val.
Scriptorum of Angelo Maio (vol. iii. pp. 145, foll. , Max. ix. 11. & 5; Oros. vi. 18. )
pp. 173, foll. 1827, 4to. ), who gives the titles of 4. THOHANIUS, tribune of the plebs in B. c. 25,
several unedited letters and orations of Thomas, placed his father by his side in the seat assigned
which he promises to publish. Some Excerpta to the tribunes in the theatre, although his father
from Thomas Magister are printed in the Anecdota was at the time a freedman. (Dion Cass. lii. 27. )
of L. Bachmann, vol. ii. 1828, 8vo.
5. THORANIUS, or TORANIUS, & celebrated
(Cave, Hist. Litt
. s. a. 1311, Appendix, p. 15, mango or slave-dealer in the time of Antony and
ed. Basil. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 181, Augustus. He is called Toranius Flaccus by Ma-
foll. ; Schröckb, Christl. Kirchengesch. vol. xxx. p. crobius. (Plin. H. N. vii. 10. s. 12 ; Macrob. Sat.
298 ; Schöll, Gesch. d. Gricch. Litt. vol. iii. pp. 152, ii. 4 ; Suet. Octav. 69. )
207 ; Hoffmann, Lex. Bibliogr. Script. Graec. ) THORAX (Oupas). 1. Of Larissa in Theg.
2. THOMAS, a monk of Crete, whose selection saly, and one of the powerful family of the Aleua-
from the Lexicon of Suidas exists in MS. in several dae. Thorax and his brothers, wishing to confirm
libraries, appears to be a different person from or to increase their power, were among those who
Thomas Magister. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. p. 417. ) urged Xerxes to invade Greece, and promised him
3. A patrician and marshal of the Byzantine their assistance in the enterprise. In the Persian
circus (Tarpiktos kad noyobéens Toll Spóuov), king's retreat, after the battle of Salamis, Thorax
wrote an epitaph on a certain Anastasius, who had formed one of his escort, after which he still con-
gained many victories in the horse-races ; which is tinued to show his zeal in the cause of the in-
preserved in the Anthology of Planudes. (Anth. vaders, and was present with Mardonius at the
Planud. p. 408, Steph. , p. 543, Wechel. ; Brunck, battle of Plataea, B. C. 479. When the Persians
Anal. vol. iii. p. 124 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iv. had been finally driven from Greece, Leotychides,
p. 94, vol. xiii. p. 961. )
king of Sparta, led an army into Thessaly to punish
4. The Planudean Anthology also contains an those who had sided with the barbarians, but the
epigram in praise of Demosthenes, Thucydides, Aleuadae purchased his forbearance with bribes.
and Aristeides, as the three greatest of Greek rhe- (Herod. vi. 72, vii. 6, ix. 1, 58. ) (LEOTYCHIDES,
toricians, by a certain Thomas Scholasticus, the No. 2. )
same person, perhaps, as Thomas Magister, with 2. A Lacedaemonian, is mentioned by Diodorus
whom Planudes was contemporary. Ray, it is (xiii. 76) as acting under Callicratidas during his
possible that Thomas Patricius (No. 3) may also operations in Lesbos, in B. C. 405, and as having
have been identical with Thomas Magister, who been commissioned by him, after the capture of
may have held the office in the circus before his Methymna, to conduct the heavy-armed troops to
retirement to the monastery. (Anth. Plan. p. 376, Mytilene. In the following year we again find
Steph. , p. 514,Wechel. ; runck, l. c. p. 125; Jacobs, Thorax in command of the land-force which co-
l. c. p. 95 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. iv. p. 497. ) operated with the fleet under Lysander in the
A few other insignificant persons of the name storming of Lampsacus (Xen. Hell
. ii. 1. § 18 ;
are mentioned by Fabricius, Bibl. Gruec. vol. xi. Plut. Lys. 9); and he was left at Samos as har.
pp. 719, 720.
(P. S. ] most by Lysander, when the latter was on his way
THOMAS (Owuas), a physician of the emperor to Athens after the battle of Aegospotami. (Dioi.
Justinian, who was also a privy counsellor (kon. xiv. 3. ). According to Plutarch, when the satrap
xphtors, or a secretis), and stood high in bis Pbarnabazus sent to Sparta to complain of ravages
favour.
He was put to death for the part he took committed-in his territory by Lysander, the Lace-
in the riots at Constantinople called Nika, A. D. daemonian government put Thorax to death, as he
532. (Chron. Pusch. pp. 338, 340. ) (W'. A. G. ] was a friend and colleague of the accused admiral,
4 B
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1106
THRASEA.
THRASEA.
3
SMOND
and they had found money in his possession. he sought a wife of congenial principles. He mar-
(Plut. Lys. 19. ) The date and circumstances of ried Arria, the daughter of the heroic Arria, who
this, however, are very doubtful. (See Thirlwall's showed her husband Caecina how to die [ARRIA) ;
Greece, vol. iv. App. iv. )
[E. E. ) and his wife was worthy of her mother and her
THORISMOND or TORISMOND, king of the husband. At a later period he gave his own
Visigoths, A. D. 45) — 452. He succeeded his father daughter in marriage to Helvidius Priscus, who
Thcodoric I. , who ſell at the battle of Châlons, in trod closely in the footsteps of his father-in-law.
which Attila was dcfcated. Thorismond was also Thus he was strengthened in bis pursuit of high
present at this battle, and distinguished himself and noble objects by his domestic connections as
greatly by his personal courage. Anxious to revenge well as by the friends with whom he constantly
the death of his father, and to follow up the advan- | associated.
tages the Roman and Gothic army had already The first time that the name of Thrasea is men-
gained, Thorismond proposed an attack upon the tioned in connection with public affairs, is in A. D.
King of the Huns in his camp ; but A ëtius, the Roman 57, when he had already acquired considerable re-
general, fearing that the extirpation of the Huns putation. In that year he gave the niost active
would make the Visigoths the masters of the Ro- support to the Cilicians, in their accusation of their
man dominions, dissuaded Thorismond from his pur late governor Cossutianus Capito, who, in conse-
posc, by representing to him the danger of absence quence, gave up his intention of defending hiniself,
from his capital at the commencement of his reign, and was condemned, and who thus became one of
since he had ambitious brothers who might seize both Thrasea's bitterest enemies. (Comp. Tac. Ann. xiii.
his treasures and his crown. These arguments 33, with xvi. 21, sub fin. ) In the following year
easily persuaded the youthful monarch to return to (A. D. 58) Thrasea spoke in the senate on a matter
Toulouse. In the following year (A. D. 452), if trifling in itself, but which is recorded by the his-
we may believe Jornandes, he defeated Attila, torian (Ann. xiii. 49) on account of the censure which
who had attacked the Alani after his return from | Thrasea received in consequence from the friends of
Rome ; but Gregory of Tours speaks simply of the the court. Shortly after this, in March, A. D. 59,
conquest of the Alani by Thorismond, without Thrasea acted in a manner far more offensive to
making any mention of Attila. At the close of the emperor. In this year the tyrant had killed
the same year Thorismond was murdered by his bis mother Agrippina, to whom he owed the throne,
brothers Theodoric and Frederic, the former of and sent a letter to the senate, informing them that
whom succeeded him on the throne. (Jornandes, she had conspired against his life, and had received
de Reb. Get. 41-43; Idatius, Chron. ; Greg. Tur. the punishment that was her due. The obsequious
ii. 7; Sidon. Apoll. Ep. vii. 12; Tillemont, His- senators forth with proceeded to vote to the marri-
toire des Empercurs, vol. vi. )
cide all kinds of honours. This was more than the
THO'RIUS BALBUS. [BALBUS. ]
noble spirit of Thrasea could endure. He had been
P. THRA'SEA PAETUS*, one of those dis- accustomed to give his assent in silence or with a
tinguished Romans in the reign of Nero who were few words to the former acts of adulation displayed
disgusted with the tyranny and corruption of the by the senate towards their imperial master ; but
times in which they lived, and endeavoured to now, as soon as he had heard the emperor's letter,
carry into practice the severer virtues of the Stoiche rose from his seat and quitted the house without
philosophy. He was a native of Patavium (Padua), waiting till it came to his turn to give his opinion.
and was probably born soon after the death of Nero took no public notice of the conduct of Thrasea
Augustus. Nothing is related of his early years, at the time, but he did not forget it, and only waited
and we only know that he was of a noble family, for a convenient opportunity to gratify his revenge.
and inherited considerable wealth from his ancestors. In A. D. 62 Thrasea gave another instance of
In his youth he devoted himself with ardour to courage in the senate. The praetor Antistius had
the study of the Stoic philosophy, and he appears been accused of writing libellous verses against
at an early period of his life to have made the Nero, and the consul elect, to please the emperor,
younger Cato his model, of whose life he wrote an had proposed that the offender should be put to
account. (Plut. Cat. Min. 25, 37. ) what period death. Thrasea, on the contrary, maintained that
he settled at Rome, is uncertain, but there he this punishment was too severe, and proposed in its
became acquainted with the best spirits of his age. place confiscation of property and banishment to an
His house and gardens were the place in which the island. The freedom of Thrasea broke the spell of
lovers of liberty and virtue were accustomed to slavery. The majority of the senate voted in
assemble, and he himself became the counsellor and favour of his proposition ; and although Nero ex-
friend of them all, and was regarded by them with pressed his displeasure at the sentence, Thrasea
the utmost veneration and love. In his marriage would not yield, and the senate followed his noble
example. In the course of the same year Thrasea
* Thę gentile name of Thrasea is not mentioned spoke in the senate on occasion of the trial of
by any ancient writer, and has given rise to some Claudius Timarchus, of Crete, with great applause,
dispute. Lipsius (ad Tac. Ann. xvi. 21) suspected denouncing some of the causes of the evils of the
that it might be Valerius, because we find in an in- provincial administration, and pointing out their
scription, a L. Valerius Messalla Thrasea, who was remedy.
consul in A. D. 196, but we have no evidence that In A. D. 63 Thrasea received a public expression
this person was a descendant of Thrasea Paetus, of Nero's hatred. At the beginning of that year
and the name of Thrasea occurs in other gentes. It the senate went in a body to Antium, to congra-
has been conjectured, with more probability, by tulate Nero upon his wife Poppaea having recently
Haase (in Ersch and Gruber's Encyklopädie, art given birth to a daughter ; but Thrasea alone was
Pätus), that Fannius was the gentile name of our forbidden to enter the imperial presence, an inti-
Thrasea, since his daughter was called Fannia, and mation of his approaching fate which he received
not Arria, like her mother and grandmother. with his usual calmness, for he had often been ac-
3


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THRASEA.
1107
TIIRASYBULUS.
custoined to say in the language of the Stoic school, | and great acquirements, was slain by Caracalla in
“Nero can kill me, but cannot injure me. ” He A. D. 212. (Dion Cass. lxxvii. 5. ) We learn from
did not, however, court his fate. During the next the Fasti that his full name was L. Valerius Mes-
three years he retired almost entirely from public salla Thrasea Priscus, and that he was consul along
life, and was hardly ever seen in the senate. But with C. Domitius Dexter in A. D. 196, under Sep-
Nero could neither forget nor forgive him ; and timius Severus.
accordingly, after he had put to death so many THRA'SIUS (Opáonos). 1. A soothsayer who
distinguished men on occasion of Piso's conspiracy, is also called Phrasius. (Hygin. Fab. 56 ; Ov. Art.
he resolved, to use the words of Tacitus (Ann. xvi. Am. i. 619; Apollod. ii. 5. § 11. )
21), to murder Virtue herself, by the execution of 2. A Trojan who was killed by Achilles.
Thrasea and his friend Barca Soranus. The accu- (Hom. Il. xxi. 210. )
(L. S. ]
sation, condemnation, and death of Thrasea, arc THRASON, a statuary, mentioned by Strabo
related by Tacitus, with more than his usual power ; (xiv. p. 64)), who saw several of his works in the
and we must refer our readers for the details of temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and, among them,
the tragic scene to the masterly pages of the great statues of Penelope and Eurycleia. He is pro-
historian. The accusation against Thrasea was bably the same artist whose name occurs in Pliny's
placed in the hands of his old enemy Cossutianus list of those who made athletas ct armatos et vena-
Capito, and of Eprius Marcellus. One of his friends, torcs sacrificantcsquc. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. 8. 19. &
Arulenus Rusticus, who was then tribune of the 34. )
people, offered to put his veto upon the decree of There is an extant inscription in which mention
ihe senate, but Thrasea would not allow him thus is made of a statue dedicated to Artemis, the work
to sacrifice his life. On the day of his impeachment of Straton of Pellene. From the form of the let-
the temple of Venus, where the senate assembled, ters of the inscription, Böckh supposes its date to
was surrounded by soldiers, and bodies of troops be not earlier than the reign of Trajan or of Ha-
were stationed in all the public buildings and open drian, in which case, of course, the artist must
places of the city. The senators had no alternative have been a different person from the Thrason
but submission or death. They gratified the wishes mentioned by Strabo and Pliny. (Böckh, C. I. No.
of the emperor by condemning Thrasea and Barea 1823, vol. ii. p. 9; R. Rochette, Lettre à M.
Soranus to death, and Helvidius Priscus, Thrasea's Schorn, p. 418, 2d. ed. )
[P. S. ]
son-in-law, to banishment. Thrasea was allowed THRASOʻNIDES (pasovions), a Stoic phi-
the choice of his own death. It was late in the losopher, whose conduct on a certain occasion is
day when the senate pronounced its sentence ; and quoted by Diogenes Laërtius, in illustration of the
the consul forth with sent his quaestor to carry the definition of love given by the Stoics. (Diog. vii.
fatal news to Thrasea. He was in his gardens con- 130copied by Suidas, . . "
(P. S. )
versing with his friends, and was at that moment
more particularly engaged in conversation with the a native of Mantineia in Arcadia, the tutor of
Cynic philosopher Demetrius ; and the subject of Alexias, who is said to have been able to drink
their discussion, as far as could be gathered from the hellebore with impunity. He lived shortly before
few words that were overheard, appeared to be the the time of Theophrastus, and therefore probably
immortality of the soul. The conversation was in about the middle of the fourth century B. C. (Theo-
terrupted by the arrival of Domitius Caecilianus, phrast. Hist. Plant. ix. 16.