No More Learning

235. ) of Armenia. (Arrian, i. 17, iii. 16. ) [C. P. M. )
His being called Aeolides arose from the legendary MITHRIDA'TES or MITHRADATES (Mi-
connection between the Aeolian and Campanian | θριδάτης or Μιθραδάτης), a common name among
Cumae.
(L. S. ) the Medes and Persians, appears to have been de-
MISITHEUS, called TIMESICLES (Tiuno kañs) rived from Mitra or Mithra, the Persian name for
by Zosimus (i. 16, 17), apparently a Greek, by ex- the sun, and the root da, signifying " to give,"
traction at least, was distinguished for learning, which occurs in most of the Indo-Germanic lan-
eloquence, and virtue, and his daughter Sabinia guages. It therefore signifies“ given by the sun,"
Tranquillina became the wife of the third Gordian. and corresponds to a large class of names in
Thai amiable prince appointed his father-in-law different languages of the Indo-Germanic family.
praefect of the praetorians, and acting in obedience Thus in Sanskrit we find the names, Devadatta,
to his wise counsels, effected many important re- Haradatta, Indradatta, Somadatta, &c. (i. e. given
forms in the royal honsehold, more especially by by the gods, by Hara or Siva, by Indra, by Soma
discarding the eunuchs, who, since the days of or the moon, &c. ); in Greek, the names Theodotus,
Elagabalus, had exercised most foul and corrupt | Diodotus, Zenodotus, Herodotus, &c. ; and in Per-
influence in the palace, being notoriously in the sian, the names, Hormisdates, “ given by Ormuzd,"
habit of disposing of all the highest appointments, Pherendates, “ given by Behram," &c.
both civil and military, to the best bidder. The The name of Mithridates is written in several
admirable arrangements for the support of the im- ways. Mithridates is the form usually found in
perial troops on the exposed frontiers, the judicious the Greek historians ; but on coins, and sometimes
regulations introduced with regard to various details in writers, we find Mithradates, which is probably
in the service, and the success which attended the the more correct form. We also meet with Mitra-
operations in the East against Sapor, until Misi- dates (Mitpadátns, Herod. i. 110), and in Tacitus
theus was cut off by disease, or by the treachery of (Ann. xji. 10) a corrupted form Meherdates. (Pott,
his successor Philippus, seem to indicate that he Etymologische Forschungen, vol. i. p. xlvii. &c. ;
must have been trained as a soldier and accustomed Rosen, in Journal of Education, vol. ix. Pp. 334,
to important commands, but we know nothing posi- 335. )
tively of his early history. Even his name, as it MITHRIDATES (Mi@pıdátns). 1. An eunuch
stands repeated! y in Capitolinus, is a matter of who was one of the personal attendants of Xerxes,
doubt, for scholars have, not without reason, hesi- and enjoyed a high place in the favour of that
tated to believe that such an ill-omened appellation monarch, but joined with Artabanus in the con-
(God-hater) could ever have been borne by any in- spiracy to assassinate him (B. C. 465), and enabled
dividual of eminence, in an age when superstition the latter to effect his purpose by giving him ad-
upon such points was so strong. The inscription mission into the king's bedroom. (Diod. xi. 69. )
(Gruter, ccccxxxix. 4) quoted to uphold the text 2. A Persian of high rank, who accompanied the
of the Augustan historian, but which seems in younger Cyrus on his expedition against Artaxerxes.
reality to have been copied from his pages, is open He is termed by Xenophon one of the most
to strong suspicion, in addition to which Zosimus, attached friends of that prince ; but after the death
as we have marked above, twice terms this per- of Cyrus he went over together with Ariaeus, to
sonage Teutoukiſs. Among various conjectures, the Persian king. He was one of those who pre-
the substitution of Timesitheus, a name found both sented themselves to the Greeks after the arrest
in Herodotus and Xenophon, and, under its Doric and death of their generals, and endeavoured to
form, Timasitheus, in Livy and Valerius Maxi- prevail on them to surrender their arms. He again
mus, seems to be the most probable. (Capitolin. made his appearance just as they were preparing
Gordian. Tres, 23, &c. ; GORDIANUS III. ; Phi- to set out on their march, and held a private con-
LIPPUS I. )
[W. R. ] ference with their leaders, but failed in the attempt
MITHAECUS (Mldaikos), the author of some to induce them to abandon their project. The next
treatises on cookery, quoted by Athenaeus (vii. p. day he consequently attacked them on their march
325, xii. p. 516, iii. p. 112), entitled 'Oyaptutirds and caused them some loss ; but was repulsed in a
of Brecta and
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ald Varu;
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## p. 1094 (#1110) ##########################################

1094
MITHRIDATES.
MITHRIDATES.
after attempt
sovereignty a
slain. (Siral
26. )
MITHRI
of these, hot
monarch, be
king; and it
the enumera
Dert in orde
practice bas
BATIAE.
subsequent attack, and from this time suffered them liv. 9. See, however, Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. A
to proceed unmolested. (Xen. Anab. ii. 5. § 35, 343, not h, who has brought together the few facts
iii. 3. SS 1-10, 4. SS 1-5).
that are known concerning these kings of Comma-
3. Satrap of Lycaonia and Cappadocia at the gene. )
(E. H. B. )
time of the expedition of the younger Cyrus (Xen. MITHRIDA'TES, king of MEDIA (by which
Anub. vii. 8. $ 25). This may perhaps be the we are probably to understand Media Atropatene),
same person with the preceding, whom Eckhel was the son-in-law of Tigranes I. , king of Arme-
also conceives to be the same as is commonly termed nia, whom he supported in his war against the
Mithridates I. , king of Pontus.
Romans. His name indeed is only once men-
4. A son of Antiochus the Great, who is mentioned in the last campaign against Lucullus, B. C.
oned by Livy as one of the commanders of his 67 (Dion Cass. xxxv. 14), but there can be little
father's land forces during the war with Ptolemy, doubt that he is the third monarch alluded to by
B. c. 197. (Liv. xxxiii. 19. )
Plutarch, as present together with Mithridates the
5. A Persian of high rank, and son-in-law of Great and Tigranes, when they were defeated by
Dareius Codomannus, who was slain by Alexander Lucullus at the river Arsanias in the preceding
with his own hand, at the battle of the Granicus, year. (Plut. Lucull. 31. ). (E. H. B. ]
B. C. 334. (Arrian, Anab. i. 15. § 10, 16. § 5. ) MITHRIDATES I. II. III. , kings of Parthia.
6. A nephew of Antiochus the Great, being a [Arsaces VI. IX. XIII. Vol. 1. pp. 354—356. )
son of one of his sisters. (Polyb. viii. 25. ) MITHRIDA'TES (M. Opıdáms) of PERGAMUS
7. A son of Ariarathes IV. , king of Cappadocia, was the son of Menodocus, a citizen of that place,
who succeeded his father on the throne, and as- by a daughter of Adobogion, a descendant of the
bumed the name of Ariarathes V. (E. H. B. ) tetrarchs of Galatia, but his mother having had an
MITHRIDA'TES, king of ARMENIA. [ĀR- amour with Mithridates the Great, he was gene-
SACIDAE, Vol. I. p. 362, b. )
rally looked upon as in reality the son of that
monarch. To this supposition the king himself
lent some countenance by the care he bestowed on
his education, having taken him into his own court
and camp, where the young man was trained in all
kinds of military exercises and studies. (Strab.
xiii. p. 625 ; Hirt. de B. Alex. 78. ) His natural
abilities, united to his illustrious birth, raised him
to a high place in the estimation of his country-
COIN OF MITHRIDATES, KING OF ARMENIA.
men, and he appears as early as B. C. 64 to have
exercised the chief control over the affairs of his
MITHRIDA'TES, king of the BOSPORUS, which native city. (Cic. pro Flacc. 7 ; Schol. Bob. ad
sovereignty he obtained by the favour of the em- loc. ) At a subsequent period he was fortunate
peror Claudius, who appointed him to replace enough to obtain the favour and even personal
Polemon II. , A. D. 41. (Dion Cass. Ix. 8. ) He friendship of Caesar, who, at the commencement
was a descendant of the great Mithridates, but we of the Alexandrian war (B. C. 48), sent him into
have no account of his more immediate parentage. Syria and Cilicia to raise auxiliary forces. This
Nor do we know any thing of the circumstances service he performed with zeal and alacrity, and
which led to his subsequent expulsion by the Ro having assembled a large body of troops advanced
mans, who placed his younger brother Cotys on by land upon Egypt, and by a sudden attack made
the throne in his stead; for these events were re himself master of Pelusium, though that important
lated by Tacitus in one of the books of the Annals fortress had been strongly garrisoned by Achillas.
now lost. But Mithridates, though a fugitive But he was opposed at the passage of the Nile by
from his kingdom, did not abandon all hope : he the Egyptian army commanded by Ptolemy in
collected a body of irregular troops, with which he person, and compelled to apply to Caesar for as-
expelled the king of the Dandarians; and, as soon sistance.
The dictator hastened to his support by
as the main body of the Roman troops were with sea, and, landing at the mouth of the Nile, united
drawn from the Bosporus, he prepared to invade that his forces with those of Mithridates, and imme-
kingdom. He was however defeated by the Ro- diately afterwards totally defeated the Egyptian
man lieutenant Julius Aquila, supported by Euno- king in a decisive action which put an end to the
nes, king of the Scythian tribe of the Adorsi, and war. (Hirt. de B. Alex. 26–32; Dion Cass. xlii.
ultimately compelled to surrender to Eunones, by 41–43 ; Joseph. Ant. xiv. 8. $ 1-3, B. J. i. 9.
whom he was given up to the Romans, but with a $ 3—5. ) It is probable that he afterwards accom-
promise that his life should be spared. (Tac. Ann. panied Caesar on his campaign against Pharnaces,
xi. 15–21 ; Plin. vi. 5. )
[E. H. B. ) as immediately after the defeat of that monarch,
MITHRIDATES, kings of COMMAGENE. Caesar bestowed bis kingdom of the Bosporus upon
There were two kings of Commagene of this name, Mithridates, on whom he conferred at the same
of whom very little is known. The first (Mithri- time the tetrarchy of the Galatians that had been
dates I. ) must have succeeded Antiochus I. on previously held by Dežotarus, to which he had an
the throne of that petty kingdom at some time hereditary claim. (Hirt. de B. Alex. 78 ; Strab.
previous to B. c. 31, as he is mentioned by Plu- xiii. p. 625 ; Dion Cass. xlii. 48 ; Appian, Mithr.
tarch in that year among the allies of Antony. 121 ; Cic. Phil. ii. 37, de Dirin. ii. 37. ) But the
(Plut. Ant. 61. )
kingdom of the Bosporus still remained to be won,
Mithridates II. was made king of Commagene the title being all that it was really in the power
by Angustus, B. C. 20, when a mere boy. Dion of Caesar to bestow, for Asander, who had revolted
Cassius tells us that his father had been put to death against Pharnaces and put him to death on his re-
by the previous king: hence it seems probable turn to his own dominions, was in fact master of
that he was a son of the preceding (Diop Cass. the whole country, and Mithridates having soon
The kings
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TÜ 8. 923
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tries which
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(Diod. It
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and sixth
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MITHRIDATES.
1095
MITHRIDATES.
P
after attempted to establish himself in his new countries, and thus became the founder of the
sovereignty and expel Asander, was defeated and kingdom of Pontus (Appian, Mithr. 9 ; Strab.
slain. (Strab. L c. ; Dion Cass. xlii. 48, xlvii. xii. p. 562 ; Plut. Demetr. 4. ) The period of the
26. )
(E. H. B. ) flight of Mithridates is uncertain, but it must have
MITHRIDA'TES, kings of Pontus. The first taken place as early as 318, as we find him at the
of these, however, was not really an independent close of 317 supporting Eumenes in the war against
monarch, but merely a satrap under the Persian Antigonus. (Diod. xix. 40. ) From this time we
king ; and it would be more correct to omit bim in hear no more of him till his death in B. C. 302, but
the enumeration, and reckon the one who comes it appears that he had submitted again to at least
next in order as Mithridates I. ; but the ordinary a nominal subjection to Antigonus, who now pro-
practice has been here followed for convenience. cured his assassination, to prevent him from joining
The kings of Pontus claimed to be lineally de the league of Cassander and his confederates. He
scended from one of the seven Persians who had seems, however, to have before this established
conspired against the Magi, and who was subse himself firmly in his kingdom, in which he was
quently established by Dareius Hystaspes in the succeeded without opposition by his son Mithri-
government of the countries bordering on the dates. (Diod. xx. 111; Appian, Milkr. 9. ) Ac-
Euxine Sea (Polyb. v. 43 ; Diod. xix. 40 ; Aur. cording to Lucian (Macrob. 13), he was not less
Vict de Vir. Ilust. 76. ) They also asserted their than eighty-four years of age at the time of his
descent from the royal house of the Achaemenides, death, which renders it not improbable, as suggested
to which the kings of Persia belonged, but we know by Clinton (F. H. jii. p. 422), that he is the same
not how they made out this part of their pedigree. as the Mithridates, son of Ariobarzanes, who in his
Very little is known of their history until after youth circumvented and put to death Datames.
the fall of the Persian empire.
(DATAMES. ] Plutarch is clearly in error when he
MITHRIDATES I. , son of Ariobarzanes (probably calls him a young man at the time of his flight,
of the first prince of that name), is mentioned by and a contemporary of Demetrius. (See Clinton,
Xenophon (Cyr. viii. 8. § 4) as having betrayed 4. C. , and Droysen, Hellenism. tom. i. p. 44, 298. )
his father, and the same circumstance is alluded to MITHRIDATES III. , son of the preceding, whom
by Aristotle (Pol. v. 10). Eckhel supposes him he succeeded on the throne in B. C. 302. He is
to be the same with the Mithridates who accom- said to have added largely to the dominions in-
panied the younger Cyrus, but there is certainly no herited from his father, by the acquisition of great
proof of this. He may, however, be the same with part of Cappadocia and Paphlagonia, but whether
the Mithridates mentioned by Xenophon (Anab. by conquest or by the cession of the Macedonian
vii. 8. § 25) as satrap of Cappadocia and Lycaonia. rulers of Asia does not appear. (Diod. xx. 111. )
It appears that he was dead before B. C. 363, when In B. c. 281 we find him concluding an alliance
Ariobarzanes II. made himself master of the coun- with the Heracleans, to protect them against Se-
tries which had been subject to his rule. (Diod. leucus (Memnon, c. 11, ed. Orell. ); and at a sub-
xv. 90. )
sequent period, availing himself of the services of
MITHRIDATES II. , son of Ariobarzanes II. , the Gauls, then lately settled in Asia, to overthrow
whom he succeeded on the throne in B. C. 337. a force sent against him by Ptolemy, king of
(Diod. xvi. 90. ) He is frequently called ó KTIGTÁS, Egypt. (Steph. Byz. v. 'Aykupa) These are the
as having been the founder of the independent only events recorded of his reign, which lasted
kingdom of Pontus, and ought certainly to be dis- thirty-six years. He was succeeded by his son
tingished as Mithridates I. According to Appian Ariobarzanes III.
(Mithr. 112) he was eighth in descent from the MITHRIDATES IV. , grandson of the preced-
first satrap of Pontus under Dareius Hystaspes, ing, was the son and successor of Ariobarzanes
and sixth in ascending order from Mithridates the III. He was a minor at the death of his father,
Great. (Ibid. 9; see Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. p. 423. ) but the period of his accession cannot be deter-
Diodorus assigns him a reign of thirty-five years, mined. Clinton places it as low as 242 or 240
but it appears certain that he did not hold unin- B. C. , while Droysen (Hellenism. vol. ii. p. 355)
terrupted possession of the sovereignty during that carries it back nearly to 258. It seems probable
period. What circumstances led to his expulsion that it must be placed considerably before 240, as
or subjection we know not ; indeed we meet with Memnon tells us that he was a child at his father's
no farther notice of him from the date of his ac- death, and he had a daughter of marriageable age
cession already mentioned until some time after in 222. Shortly after his accession his kingdom
the death of Alexander, when we find him attend- was invaded by the Gauls, who were, however,
ing, apparently in a private, or at least subordinate, repulsed. (Memnon, c. 24, ed. Orell. ) After he
capacity, upon the court and camp of Antigonus. had attained to manhood he married a sister of
Probably he had been compelled to submit to the Seleucus Callinicus, with whom he is said to have
Macedonian yoke at the time that Cappadocia was received the province of Phrygia as a dowry.