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Cp. 0111. ii 14 (378--6 13. 0. ) [l1r1rapx]oiiv-ros e? v Avian/(p.
This new evidence disposes of Grote's supposition that 129 Afinvov . .
nkeiv may here refer to some ' proverbial expression at Athens for getting
out of the way and evading the performance of duty ' (c. 34 iii 238).
235. re? v--K-mpdrmv: in Thrace, e. g. , the Chersonesus is
called 10:11 16101:! n x-rnaot-rwv of Athens (19 ? 78).
236. Mcve? kaov: obviously a foreigner, as is shown by the
contrast with 16v 1rap' bac'bv 1'1r1rapxov. Foreigners had be-
fore now been appointed a-rpa-nryoi at Athens. Apollodorus of
Oyzicns, Phanostratns of Andros, and Heracleides of Clazo-
menae are thus named by Plato Ion 5410B; but all of
these were elected by the pnople. It is clear that Menelaus
had been irregularly appointed, possibly by Charidemus, who
was himself originally a Eubocan, and had received the
Athenian franchise in 357. Menelans is almost certainly the
second of the two following persons :--
(1) A son of the Macedonian king, Amyntas II, and half-
brother of Philip. Philip attempted to put him to death on
his accession, and succeeded in his object after the capture of
Olynthus in 348 (Justin 7, 4; 8, 3; ASchaefer Dem. ii2 124,
153). Harpocr. db'shpbs <I>? M1r1rou (Baovrdrpws. This identifica-
tion was acceptedby Westermann, ASchaefer (ii2 17, 74),
and Weil, but there is no independent evidence on this point,
and it is improbable that a half-brother of Philip, however
estranged he might be from the king of Macedon, was in the
service of Athens.
(2) Mel/Mao: 6 Heha'yu'w, a subordinate chieftain of Pelagonia,
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? IV ? ? 27, 28 FIRST PHILIPPIO' 99
a district in Upper Macedonia. He aided Timotheus in the
capture of Potidaea in 364 13. 0. , and a complimentary decree
(discovered in 1860) was passed in 362 with the heading
[M]eve? )\aos HEM-yth edepye? rfiys], and with the statement
TL/deeos b ana-riryos (incl/miller. Meve? haov 'rdi/ Heha'ye? ua. Kai
ari'rbv crvv-lrohsaofiu-ra. Kai Xpr'lpara rape? xovra sis 161' mike/1. 011
Toll 1rpbs Xahmde? as Kai 1rpbs 'A,u? [1ro)\w (CIA. ii 55=Ditten-
berger Sylloge 80). He may afterwards have received the
Athenian citizenship, as he is possibly identical with Meve? haos
'Appafialov 'AO-mlaios, in whose honour the inhabitants of Ilium
passed a decree (discovered in 1872; Ditt. 81). The name
'Appdfiaios occurs as that of a chief of the Lyncestae (Strabo
326), 831d it was among the Lyncestae that Pelagonia was
situate .
(2) is the identification preferred by Blass (note to p. 11 of his
ed. of Rehdantz Dem. ) and supported by Dittenberger Sutume Philologae
H. Sauppio ublatae pp. 43 f). Bo'hnecke Dem, Lycm'g'us, Hyperidea
pp. 207-35, writing in 1864, before the discovery of the second in-
scription, identities Menelaus (1) and (2). Curiously enough, (1) had a
brother Arrhidaens (Justin 7, 4), while (2) was probably a son of Ar-
rhabaeus. It was probably to distinguish (2) from (1) that 6 IlsAa-ye? v
was added. In either case M. was a Macedonian by birth, and the orator
is scandalised at his commanding the cavalry engaged in fighting for
the possessions of Athens.
237. pep-Maw": with Acc. 1n 3 ? 36 06x2 pe? a? oaat 1'61!
K'fh. , with Dat. 1n 20 ? 104, 21 ? 190.
238. Kexelpo'rovqpe? vov: Ab Atheniensibus non poterat Xezpo-
roveiafiat m'st' easel Athenicnsi's (GHSchaefer).
239. {So-n; dv fi: Aeschin. 1 ? 127 (Goodwin 1111'. ? 537, 2).
? 28 l. 241. 'ro 76w xpnpdrmv, 'as to the question of money,'
? 32 To To? >> rvev/Ld'rwv.
242. 'roi'n-o Sfi KT)>>, '1 am going through that im-
mediately. ' Kaf : 'as you wish to hear it' (Rehdantz).
nepafvm: ewscq'uor, continua tcnorc persequor; 'set
forth. ' Plato Gory. 5060 he? 'ys, (T: "yade? , 01616: mi 1re? paws,
Dem. 19 ? 245 lea/362a . . 6'1re? pawev ('recited'), Aristoph.
Ranae 1168, Flat. 563, 648, E00]. 579.
243. Xpfipa-ra 'rofvw, 'as to money, then'; Nom. Abs.
forming a heading to the following details. The estimate
relates to the proposed permanent force, and not to the 50
triremes which are to be ready at a moment's notice for
emergencies (Grote viii 63). pe? v corresponds to M in
? 29 l. 251. 'rpodrfi in itself is a general term, com-
prising aimpe? o'wv and ,ma'06s. Here it is narrowed down to
011-. p. 6vov, 'mere rations. ' For 1. 14096: the soldiers are to
trust to plunder.
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? 100 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? ? 28, 29
244. e? vevfixov-m: the exact sum is 92.
245. "pos: Adverbial, 22 ? 60 6Pax/Lds s'fl6on1ixov-ra Kal
mpr1! "n 1rp69, 20 ? 112, 22 ? 75, 27 ? ? 32, 38, 59, 67, 68.
86m. ptv wasn't K-rh. : Dem. gives a minimum estimate
of annual expenditure. (a) 201m a mouth for ten ships:
2400m a year=40 talents. (b) 2 obols a day for each foot-
soldier (=10d1' a month=120'1r a year) amounts, for 2000
soldiers, to 240,000 dl"=4=0 talents. (c) 1dr a day for each
horseman (=30d1' a monthz360d' a year) amounts, for 200
horsemen, to 72,000dr or 12 talents. Total 92. The total
rations for the crews of the ten ships are the same as for the
2000 soldiers, and the crew of each ship is assumed to be
200. On the pay of the Athenian army and navy see Boeckh
Publ. Econ. bk. ii 0. 22.
247. drpa'rta'rrats : ? 21. Too-056' Preps. : 'rooofi-rov Z-'repov
'oel e? 'repov Toaofirou non minus ambigue dicilur quam alterum
tantum, ul aul tantumdem signified, ul hoc loco, 21 ? 182,
27 ? 31, Aeschin. 3 ? 98, 2 ? 174, Liv. i 36 coma, aul idem sit
quad 61: Too'oii'rov, ut Isocr. 4 ? 153 e? 're? pou 'rooofiTov xpe? vou, Li".
X 46 czlr. (Franke).
? 29 l. 252. Moppfiv, not 'inducemeut' (L 8: S), but 'pro-
vision' ; predicate to a-vnlpe? nov (,ue? vov) inrdppw. Cp. 1 ? 23.
254. ]roi-r(o) (so. a'rr-npe? mov inrdpxew) dv ye? vq-rm.
In con-
ditional sentences the conjunction is often placed afler the
emphatic word, and close to the verb, as in ? 43, 3 ? 15, 5
? 16, 9 ? 44, 20 ? ? 22, 34, 43, 46, 79, 119, 133 ; 23 ? 42, 94.
rpowwopteiral, 'will provide, or procure, for itself' (by
ravaging the country). Thuc. i 11 fihmfov aim-60w roheuofivra.
fiwmisw. The Act. 1rpoa1ropiei is less natural, but is supported
by 1roplo'wo'w in 2 ? 16.
Boeckh observes :--' This proposal is worthy of remark, as having no
parallel in any Grecian author; it is the outline of a plan for embodying
a military force to maintain itself at free quarters, and at the same time
to form a permanent standing army; though its continuance was indeed
limited to the duration of war ' (Publ. Econ. ii 0. 22 p. 283 Lewis 2).
257. p-w'Obv e? v're). , 'full pay,' as contrasted with mere
rations. Cp. ? 33 an Aristoph. Eq. 1367 for ,uLaflby amass. . .
e? u'rehfi. e? ydi--wde'xew o'rwiiv ? 1'o|. p. os: 8 ? 24 '1) ? 76:
mio'xew 61101711 nne? inm. Demosthenes volunteers to join the
fleet himself as a pledge of his confidence in the practicability
of his proposals, and as a proof of his patriotism.
SChOl. 0n Dem. I). 11, 101--5 ydp 'AchrTo-rs'hne (frag. 136 nepi. a'upflovhimi)
? m11 86v 'rbv mil-lBovhov oir'ru wnflovAe-e? sw, in mil-thy e? hAnv-rn. nowmvsiv
Tori-rots Ed)' 01; noreircu. fip' naBouArjv. rcli'rou; ydp "090mm. pfihkov, of";
iv optimw E-roiaous Bv-rm; wnuere'xsw 5w rrvpfiovM-ukw e'yvu'mamv.
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? IV ? ? 29, 30 FIRST PHILIPPIG 101
258. herpes: as often, without ei/ii, 9 ? 4. Kiihner Gr. Gr.
ii ? 354 c.
259. 169w 'yevfio'e'rai: 8 ? 22. 5 mipos 'rciv qupd'rwv,
'the ways and means of the supply,' 14 ? 24 inre? p 61'1 xpnnd-rwv
Kai 1re? pov.
260. Mia>>: not synonymous with dva-yvu'monai, as Demo-
sthenes doubtless accompanied the reading of the items of his
'statement of ways and means' with explanatory remarks
(EMiiller). The two words are contrasted in 21 ? 130. Grote
(viii 64) observes that the scheme 'must have been more or
less complicated in its details ; not a simple proposition for an
elo? opd or property-tax, which would have been announced in
a sentence of the orator's specch. ' The details were probably
given in the speech itself 'as originally published. If Demo-
sthenes had himself desired to withhold them, it is improbable
that he would have retained such an ambiguous phrase as 3. new
1'7 ,ueis x'rh. (Hartel Dem. AmmIge p. 524).
? 30 l. 261. insets, 'my friends and I,' referring either to
certain financial officers, or to political friends like Lycurgus.
Demosthenes never uses iypei's of himself alone. Dionysius of
Halicarnassus regards this section as the beginning-of a new
speech.
Ep. 1 ad Am'maeum c. 10 Exam (after Theophilns, archon of 01. 108,
1 = 348--7 13. 0. ), Genia'roxhi; (347--6 B. C. ), ? ? ' of: 1411/ E'me 76v mini Qikimrov
Swan-yep;er dmjyyuke Ar; ov0? vns wepl. 'rfis ? vA? Kfis 15w mum-n:er Kai. 16:]!
iv 'EM "6w? rniAewv, 9 Early zip ii. ne? v fipeis--rafi'r' 517111. The
views 0'} Dionysius are also indica ed in a schol. on the text of Demov
sthenes I--Evru'rOe'v #401 Amviio'io: . . Ere'pov A6701: ell/m. dpxfiv, Irpooi'plov
61', #1176151, 0"": 5X", e'neidi; Sevrcpohoyia. s'rr-n'v, ill at; all; ('wl. 'ril wheiwov
01'": Eon npooima. of: Ae'yu. 8E dAnOfi- inaB-'rl rip din-:09! inre'vxe-m mp1
To"; mipou Xpnmirwv eiire'iv, vim 101710 Germain, Kai. EG'TLII {barre im'Ao'yos.
Dionysius has obviously made several mistakesz--(l) fiaving already
mentioned ' four Philippics,' of which ? ? 1-29 is (in his view) the/mirth, he
describes ? ? 80-51 as the sixth Philippic. By this he must mean the fiflh,
for he mentions the speech de I'nre immediately afterwards, and then
describes Phil. ii as the seventh Philip ic. (2) His description of the
topics of ? ? 30-51 is inaccurate. (3) Tie opening words of ? 80 could
not possibly belong to the beginning of a speech. (4) The result of this
severance would be that ? ? 1--29 would have no proper conclusion, and
? ? 80~51 no proper beginning. rafl'r' e'zr-riv clearly refers to what has
gone before, like ref/m in 1 ? 19 and 70570 in 2 5 18. Besides, the latter
part contains references to the former (? ? 82, 43 to $19; 5 33 to ? 24),
and cannot be separated from it (Dinrlorf, ed. 1846, v pp. 108~9).
It has been coniectured that 61 pet; may include members of the Council.
Now, supposing Dionysius had found in the authority he was following
(probably the Atthidographer Philochorus) that in 01. 108, 2 (847-6 8. 0. )
Demosthenes delivered a speech in the Assembly 'on the protection of the
islanders and of the cities in the Hellespont,' it has been suggested that
in so doing he was acting on behalf of the Council, of which he was an
influential member in that year. Dionysius, in his search for a speech
corresponding to this description, may have fixed on the latter part of the
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? 102 FIRST PHILIPPIO' IV ? ? 30, 31
present speech, especially as several islands happen to be mentioned in
? 32 (Seebeck in ASchaefer Dam. ii2 68).
It has also been suggested that Demosthenes, as a member of the
Council in 347 13. 0. , returned to his scheme of a standing force, which was
still more urgently needed owing to the increasing danger in which Athens
was then placed. He may have brought this scheme before the Council in
a revised form, and after receiving its preliminary sanction, may have
addressed the Assembly on the subject. Philochorns may have mentioned
some such fact, and Dionysius may have been led thereby to assign
? ? 30'51 to a later (late than ? ? 1--30 (Blass Attische Beredsmnkeit iii 1, 304 ).
Blass is prompted to make this suggestion by a chronological difficulty
recently raised as to ? 35 l. 313.
The unity of the speech has been opposed by Schott (1603), Fabricius
(1705), Leland (1756), Forbiger (1822), Wachsmuth (1826), Held (1831),
Flathe (1832), Seebeck (1838), and Eichler (1883). It has been maintained
by Tourreil (1701), Mounteney (1731), Reiske (1764-9), Auger (1700), Niebuhr
(1805), AGBecker (1815, 1834), Bremi and Weiske (1819), Zimmermann
(1828), Voemel and Winiewski (1829), Westermann (1833), Bruckner (1837),
Bohneeke (1843), Clinton (1851), ASchaefer (1856), Haedicke (1858), Doehle
(1866), Baran (1884), Muther (1887), Schmied, ESchwartz and May (1894),
and Schefczik (1895).
262. e? rrende 8' e? wtxeuporovfire--X? Lpo'rovfio'e-r? , 'when you
rate upon (not 'sanotion by vote,' L & S) the resolutions, (if you
approve of them) you will pass them. ' 18 ? 248 6 617,110: . . 16. :
e? /uis 'yva'mas e? xfipo'rbva, 19 ? 70 6. 11 fioe? hno'Oe xetpoTozlfia'e-rs. e?