No More Learning

Octave,
by his marriage with the widow He-
douin, and her subsequent death, be-
proprietor of the shop.
A
description is given of the growth of
the business, of the struggle for exist-
by the smaller stores and of
their being swallowed up by the giant,
and of the entire routine of a great
comes
ence
store.
a
(La Joie de Vivre) (How Jolly Life
Is! ). Pauline Quenu, the daughter of
Lisa, is a foil to the character of Nana:
woman of well-balanced mind, giv-
ing up her lover to her friend, and
upon their separation, taking their child
and becoming its true mother. Always
triumphant and smiling, she is
sacrificing herself to the selfish, whin-
ing egoism of those who surround her.
(Germinal) (Master and Man: 1885).
A study of life in the mines. The
illegitimate son of Gervaise, Étienne
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
315
wealth, starts the “Banque Universelle »
for the exploitation of different schemes
in the Orient. A description is given
of the unscrupulous methods employed
to float great schemes. Saccard's bank
becomes the leading institution of the
stock exchange. Subscriptions pour in
by the million, - widows, orphans, and
millionaires fighting to get the shares;
and Saccard is the financial ruler, rolling
in wealth and luxury. Then comes the
struggle with the bears, the final de-
feat, and the ruin of the investors.
(La Débâcle) (The Downfall: 1892).
A study of the Franco-Prussian War and
the Siege of Paris. Napoleon III. again
enters on the scene, in the most degrad-
ing and belittling position imaginable.
Jean Macquart is the hero of the tale.
"Le Docteur Pascal' (1892). Pascal
Rougon, son of Pierre, has collected all
the data relating to his family, and
sums up their history. Adelaide Fouqué
is insane; Eugène, a deputy to Congress;
Saccard, an editor; Octave, a successful
merchant; Jean Macquart, married again
and father of a healthy family. Doctor
Pascal diagnoses his own mortal disease,
hour by hour; and as he feels the last
moment approaching, jumps from his
bed, adds the date and cause of his
death to the genealogical tree, as well
as the birth of his illegitimate child by
his niece, in the words, “Unknown child
to be born in 1894. What will it be ? )))
Lanier, a socialist, is forced to work
in the mines. Low wages and fines
cause a strike, of which Lanier is one
of the leaders. He counsels modera-
tion; but hunger drives the miners to
desperation, and force is met by force.
Several are killed, Lanier is deported,
and the miners fall back into their old
slavery. This work is generally con-
sidered to be the author's best.
(L'Euvre) (Labor: 1886). A study
of artist life. Claude Lanier, illegiti-
mate son of Gervaise, a painter with a
vivid power of conception, lacking the
power of execution; and, in despair of
attaining his ideal, hangs himself before
an unfinished picture.
(La Terre) (The Soil: 1888). A study
of peasant life and the greed for land; a
greed which causes hatred between sis-
ters, neglect of parents, and ends in the
murder of Jean Macquart's wife by her
sister. This story abounds in vulgarity,
and the brutish instincts of the peasants
make them lower than the beasts that
surround them. It has aroused
opposition than any other of his works.
(Le Rêve) (The Dream: 1888). This
has been likened to a fairy story; and it
is said Zola wrote it in deference to the
sentiment against his admission to the
Academy, to show that his strength did
not wholly lie in «realism. ” Angelique,
the illegitimate daughter of Sidonie
Rougon, is placed in a foundling asy-
lum, and adopted by a family whose
occupation is the making of church vest-
ments. She dreams of her prince, who
soon presents himself in the person of a
painter of church windows, who is really
the son of a bishop who took orders
after his wife's death. He opposes his
son's marriage to a woman of the lower
classes; but consents when called to ad-
minister the last sacrament to Angelique,
and she dies in her husband's arms.
(La Bête Humaine) (Human Brutes:
1890). A study of railway life, in which
Jacques Lanier, a locomotive engineer,
inherits the family lesion in the form
of a maniacal desire to murder women.
There is a stirring description of
struggle on a moving locomotive be-
tween Lanier and his drunken fireman,
in which both are precipitated under the
wheels, and the express train is left to
drive along without check.
( L'Argent) (Money: 1891). A study
of stock speculation and “wild-cat» com-
panies. Aristide Saccard, having lost his
more
Salammbo,. . . by
Gustave Flaubert.
(1864. ) This historical romance was
the fruit of M. Flaubert's visit to the
ruins of old Carthage, and is a kind of
revivification of the ancient capital and
its people. The scenes testify to the
great erudition of the author, but critics
complain that the picture has too little
perspective. All is painted with equal
brilliance -matter essential and unes-
sential.
The sacred garment of Tanit is made
the object around which the action re-
volves; and the fate of Carthage is
bound up in the preservation of this
vestment within her walls. The central
point of the story is the boundless pas-
sion of Matho, a common soldier among
the mercenaries, for Salammbô, the
beautiful daughter of the great Hamil-
car; and the fate of the vestment of
Tanit continually overshadows the fate
of his love. By a mad act of daring,
he gets possession
of the carefully
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
school somewhat like the Dotheboys
Hall made famous by Dickens, until his
final release from a bed in the char-
ity hospital. He becomes dull, sickly,
inert; but his finer qualities die hard,
and are perhaps only latent even during
his worst days of labor in an iron foun-
dry, and of fevered exhaustion as stoker
on an ocean steamer. But life never
becomes quite hopeless; for love and
sympathy reach even to Jack, and offer
him a partial compensation. After the
publication of Jack, Daudet wrote a
sketch of the original of the hero; for in
its main outline the story is a true one.
Here, as usual, he took a framework of
fact, upon which his poetic instinct and
sympathetic imagination reared a mem-
orable work of art.
guarded treasure, and through its influ-
ence on the popular mind, heads a rising
of the troops, who proceed against Car-
thage. Urged on by the High Priest,
Salammbô is persuaded that it is her
sacred duty to recover the stolen vest-
ment, and so bring back the protection
of the goddess to the arms of Carthage.
Under his instruction, she is led secretly
by night to the tent of Matho to obtain
the vestment. Obedient to the pontiff,
she endures the soldier's wild transports
of joy, and succeeds in carrying away
the vestment, which in his self-forget-
ting adoration he has wrapped about
her. Fortune returns to the Carthagin-
ians, the rebellious leader is taken, and
Salammbô's wedding to the man of her
father's choice is made the scene of
Matho's martyrdom. Looking down at
the torn and dying man, whose eyes
alone retain the semblance of humanity,
Salammbô suddenly recalls the tender
babble of those agonized lips, the adora-
tion of those eyes on that night in his
tent. She realizes what this man has
suffered for love of her, and her heart
breaks. In the act of drinking the wine
her bridegroom offers, she sinks back
dead. And thus the two beings whose
touch has profaned the garment of
Tanit pass from the earth. The most
brilliant of romances dealing with the
classic world, this story holds its place
through all variations of popular taste,
among the masterpieces of fiction.
Jack, by Alphonse Daudet (1876), is a
story of experience and emotion.
Less skillful treatment would have made
so tragical a tale revolting. But Daudet
does not content himself with cold psy-
chological analysis or brilliant exposition
of character. His dominant quality is a
passionate sympathy, which communi-
cates itself to his readers, and forces
them to share his pity or anger or ad-
miration. Jack, introduced to us as a
pretty boy, beautifully dressed, might
have lived an adequate life but for his
light and selfish mother. He is sacri-
ficed to her moral weakness, and to the
bitter selfishness of his stepfather D'Ar-
genton. The latter, a noble idealist in
theory, while petty and base in practice,
is jealous of this inconvenient, superfluous
Jack, and thrusts him outside the home.
Jack's life is a long martyrdom, from
his homesick days with the little black
King of Dahomey, in a nondescript
a
Problematic Characters (“Problema-
tische Naturen'), a romance by
Friedrich Spielhagen. (3 vols. , 1860. )
For this, his first important production,
Spielhagen chose as motto a quotation
from Goethe, in which is to be found
the underlying thought of the romance:
« There are problematical natures which
are not equal to the conditions among
which they are placed, and whom no
conditions satisfy. Thence arises the
monstrous conflict which consumes life
without enjoyment. ” In the narrative,
the strongest illustration of this class
of persons is the character of Oswald
Stein, the hero. He is introduced as
private tutor in a noble family; as
man of good, honorable, and kindly in-
tentions, and of much personal charm.
But the development of the story shows
him to lack one essential trait, the
absence of which his courage and his
warmth prove insufficient to the de-
mands of duty; he is inconstant. The
three volumes lead him from one
periment in the realm of sentiment to
another,— his most striking experience
involving Melitta, a beautiful and warm-
hearted lady of rank in the neighbor-
hood. Oswald proves himself incapable
of a real fidelity and lasting affection
towards any
of the fair beings who
lavish their hearts upon him.
One of
them says of him that he is fickle sim-
ply because he forever pursues an
attainable ideal, and is forever disap-
pointed! This aspiring and sympathetic
soul arouses sympathy, however, only in
his character of faithful and brotherly
friend to his charge, Bruno. Bruno
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
317
himself is another problematic character,
but he is not called upon to set his fit-
ful temper and stormy heart against the
hard necessities of life: he dies while
still a loving, heroic, moody boy, little
understood, and loved by few. At his
death, Oswald departs for fresh scenes;
and the conclusion of the romance is
not at all a conclusion of the action,
which is reached in a later novel.
to help him, with Mary St. John at their
head. After waiting so many years, he
at last finds his father, sunk to the low-
est depth of poverty and degradation.
He gradually wins his affection, and re-
stores him to health. They start for
India together; but the ship is lost, and
they are never heard from again.
This is not at all a story of action,
nor is it told with great skill: it is
mainly an account of the growth of
Robert's soul. His strong good-sense,
courage, and helpfulness, are shown.
The story has the decided metaphysical
character of all Macdonald's stories.
coner
Old Sir Douglas, by the Hon. Mrs.
comes
Robert Falconer, a story, by George
Macdonald. (1875. ) Robert Fal.
is brought up by his grand-
mother in a little Scotch town. His
mother had died when he was too young
to remember her. His father was worth-
less and dissipated, and had left home
when Robert was a mere child. The
most vivid impression of Robert's youth,
an impression that colored the whole
course of his life, is his grandmother's
anguish over her son; whose soul, ac-
cording to her rigid Scotch theology, is
lost forever. Robert grows up with the
settled purpose of finding and reclaim-
ing his father. His youth is outwardly
uneventful, but he early revolts against
the theology of his grandmother, and
his doubts of the existence of God cause
him great mental struggles. His neigh-
bor, Mary St. John, a calm, high-souled
woman, exerts a great refining influ-
ence over him. He develops a talent for
music, and learns secretly to play on
his grandfather's violin; but Mrs. Fal-
coner, his grandmother, finding the violin
in Robert's possession, burns it as an
instrument of the Devil. When Robert
goes to Aberdeen to college, his protégé,
a poor boy nicknamed Shargar, follows
him, and the two live together with the
rigid economy so frequent among Scotch
students. In Aberdeen, Robert meets
the man who has the deepest influence
over him, Eric Ericson, and his father's
friend Dr. Anderson. Eric is troubled
by the same doubts as Robert; and be-
ing of a more sensitive, fiery nature, is
even more distressed thereby. Eric wins
the heart of Mary St. John, who has
always been Robert's divinity; but he
dies before they can be married. Rob-
ert travels, and studies medicine for five
years. Dr. Anderson, at his death, has
left Robert his property; and the latter
returns to Scotland, and then goes to
London. There he spends his time and
money helping the poor, and soon has
a company of earnest men and women
Norton (1871. ) The thread of
plot which this story follows is this:
By the death of his father, a Scotch
gentleman, Douglas Ross
into
possession of a large estate; and by the
death of his only brother immediately
afterwards, is made the guardian of a
nephew, Kenneth, legitimatized on that
brother's death-bed. The boy inherits
his father's profligate tendencies, and as
he grows to manhood becomes a daily
anxiety to his uncle. It is in Italy,
where he has been called by Kenneth's
bad conduct, that Sir Douglas meets
and marries Gertrude Skifton, who has
already refused Kenneth, and is made
most unhappy by his unkindness. The
scene changes to Glenrossie, the Scot-
tish home where the conditions are not
improved, but made harder by the pres-
ence of a malignant stepsister. Good
deeds, however, bear fruit as surely as
evil ones. From this point the com-
plications multiply, and many calamities
threaten; but the blameless lives of Sir
Douglas and his gentle wife do not
close in darkness. The story is one of
the battle of life waged in an obscure
corner of the world: interesting because
it is typical; realistic almost to the point
of offense, were it not that its realism
is not willful but subserves an end.
rey Days and Gold, by William
Winter, is a record of the author's
wanderings in England and Scotland,
and of his impressions of beauty in those
countries. In the preface he writes:
«The supreme need of this age in
America is a practical conviction that
progress does not consist in material
prosperity, but in spiritual advancement.
Utility has long been exclusively wor-
shiped. The welfare of the future lies
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318
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
in the worship of beauty. To that wor-
ship these pages are devoted. The
book is written with the enthusiasm of
one to whom a new world has opened.
Because the author sees his England
with undimmed eyes, what he says of
it is fresh and vital and original. The
classic shrines of England, the haunts
of Moore, old York, Bath, and Worces-
ter, Stratford, London, and Edinburgh,
become new places and new cities seen
for the first time. In this summer light
of appreciation the entire volume is
steeped. It is written in an intimate
conversational style, with the warmth
of one who must share his pleasant
memories with others.
a
woman.
Log-Book of a Fisherman and Zoolo-
gist, by Frank Buckland. (1875. )
The chapters of this book were origi-
nally published as articles in the period-
ical Land and Water. They all have
some bearing on zoology; and possess
such titles as Exhibitions Outside the
Cattle Show,' King Charles the First's
Parrot,' Foot of Napoleon's Charger,'
(Fish at Great Grimsby Docks,' (Sing-
ing Mice,' (Experience of a Whitstable
Diver,' (The Woodpecker and the Bit-
tern,' (Reminiscences of Natural History
in Scotland,' My Monkeys,' etc. The
book is agreeable light reading; always
entertaining, and often instructive. In
the chapter on Horseflesh Dinner at
the Langham Hotel, the author's oppo-
sition to hippophagy is recorded; while
the chapter on Dinner of American
Game at the Langham Hotel is duly
appreciative. The account of a fight
between a scorpion and a mouse, in
which the mouse comes off victorious, is
very curious. The essayist is a firm be-
liever in the value of observation. He
thinks the education of the present day
is too much restricted to book-learning,
taking quite too much for granted the
authority of whatever ideas and opinions
obtain the authenticity of print. Adults,
even more than the young, he thinks,
should be not only trained to observe
and impress exact images of objects on
the memory, but to use their fingers in
analyzing and drawing, and above all,
in dissecting beasts, birds, and fishes, so
as to understand their wonderful struct-
and mechanism. Few naturalists
have united exact knowledge and minute
observation with so agreeable a faculty
of description as has Mr. Buckland.
Master; The, by . . Zangwill. (1895. )
This story is the biography of an
artist; and in it the reader is led to an
artist's London, and wanders through an
artist's world. From early boyhood the
ruling passion of Matthew Strang's life
is a love of art and a desire to paint
pictures. A poor boy, struggling against
poverty and misfortune, he ever keeps
this goal in view. Overwhelmed by
want and suffering, he marries a young
woman his intellectual inferior, but pos-
sessed of a small competency by which
he is enabled to pursue his beloved vo-
cation. He becomes a great artist; and
the distance widens between him and
his commonplace wife, who has no ap-
preciation of his work or ideals. Mat-
thew Strang is courted by distinguished
people, and breathes an atmosphere that
intensifies the contrast with his own
home, which he rarely visits. He is
thrown into the society of Eleanor Wynd-
wood, beautiful and accomplished
She is his ideal, and he falls
in love with her. He feels that in-
spired by her companionship he could
achieve the highest success. Eleanor
returns his love; and Strang is on the
point of forgetting all but his passion
for her, when he is suddenly awakened
to the realization that his highest duty
lies in the renunciation of his desires.
He goes back to his nagging, prosaic
wife, and irritating household, having
bid farewell to his love and art. But
the latter is not to be taken leave of;
for, away from the whirl of society and
in the solitude of his out-of-town studio,
he toils to accomplish his best work.
Here “the master » at last produces his
greatest pictures; here he becomes not
only master of his art, but “master of
his own soul. ” Throughout the book
the point of view is profoundly poetic,
and the character of the master is
developed with truly masterly skill: as
are also the portraits of Billy, the art-
ist's deformed brother; the sharp-tongued
Rosina, his wife and his foster-sister,
steadfast Ruth Hailey, whose gentle in-
fluence and self-effacing love are con-
trasted with the more selfish affection of
the impressionable and impulsive Eleanor.
The book is filled with clever epigram-
matic phrases, and abounds in humor.
ure
by Charles Gibbon.
(1873. ) The scene of this clever
story is laid in Scotland, at a place not
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
319
upon L
far from Ayr. Opportunity is thus
given for a very good sketch of Scotch
life and character. The book derives
its name from one of the central fig-
ures, Robin Gray, a farmer, who mar-
ries the daughter of a fisherman. She,
Jeanie Lindsay, was engaged to one
James Falcon, supposed to have been
lost at sea. Falcon returns; and through
jealous blindness Robin Gray is led to
believe that his wife is about to run
away with Falcon, with whom he quar-
rels. On the same night a murder is
committed, and suspicion falls
Gray. Through the devotion of his
wife, Gray is cleared, and the mur-
derer brought to justice. Most of the
mischief is caused by Nicol M'Whap-
ple, whose iniquities assume huge pro-
portions as the story proceeds. He is
the Laird of Clashgirn, and is found
to have unlawfully come into posses-
sion of the estate, which in fact be-
longs to Falcon, whose real name is
Sutherland. M’Whapple endeavors in
several different ways to get Falcon
killed, and the quarrel between Falcon
and Gray is caused by M'Whapple's
intrigues. When at last his villainy is
exposed, he conveniently dies, and saves
the reader from the pain of a trial and
execution. In the end, Robin Gray
and his wife are reconciled: and Fal-
con, or Sutherland, who has become
Laird of Clashgirn, goes away for a six-
years' voyage; from which he returns
reconciled to the loss of his love, and
finds another love.
questions of responsibilities which arise,
deaf to moral obligations and the rights
of others, coquetting with the affections
of the girl Phemie Sims, with whose
family he resides at Etowah Cove, play-
ing a daily farce to the eyes of the sim-
ple mountaineers, his existence implies
a double meaning in the title, - juggler
of morals, juggler of emotions, juggler of
self-respect and manhood. The study of
character made in this book is fresh and
honest, and the story is interesting.
Lor
ove Me Little, Love Me Long, was
published in 1857.
In this story,
Charles Reade turned away from his
wonted exposition of social abuses to
write a love story, pure and simple. It
is a pleasant study of upper middle-class
English life. Lucy Fountain, a young
heiress, has two guardians - her uncle
Mr. Fountain, and Mr. Bazalgette the
husband of her mother's half-sister; and
she divides the year between their two
homes.
She is pretty, charming, and
useful; and both Uncle Fountain and
Aunt Bazalgette want to establish her
close at hand by choosing a husband
for her. But Lucy is indifferent both to
Mr. Hardy, the banker selected by her
aunt, and Mr. Talboys, the man of an-
cient lineage who is favored by her
uncle. She falls in love with David
Dodd, a manly young sailor in the
merchant service, who loves her, but
who recognizes her social superiority,
while he is forced to admit that his
Lucy is freakish,- now kind, now cold.
To escape importunity at home, she
runs away and stays with her old nurse,
where David discovers and wins her.
They have a few blissful weeks together
before David Sails on the Rajah, of
which through Lucy's influence he has
been made captain. The story is sim-
ple, but full of homely incident, clever
dialogue, shrewd character-drawing, and
overflowing humor.
With its sequel,
(Very Hard Cash, it is considered
among
the best of Reade's novels,
Lucy herself is the type of
oftenest drawn by Reade, - pretty, emo-
tional, noble at heart, but given to co-
quettish deceits and uncertain moods,
until steadied by love.
Marjorie Daw, by Thomas Bailey Ald-
rich. The well-known story of Mar-
jorie Daw is developed through the cor-
respondence of two young men, named
respectively John Flemming and Edward
>
Juggler, The, by Charles Egbert Crad-
. The story departs in some
degree from the traditions of Miss Mur-
free, though her scenes are still laid in
the Tennessee mountains. Her hero,
Lucien Royce, is not only an amateur
athlete of renown, but he can do tricks
of legerdemain, and he possesses other
fascinating accomplishments. Being in-
trusted by his firm with a large sum of
money, and losing it in a shipwreck, he
dares not return to his home in the
city, fearing that his story will not be
believed. He is reported dead; and
fleeing to the Cumberland Mountains,
weakly accepts the
fate has
offered. His reputed death causes many
complications. A valuable property is
held on life tenure,— his being the life
chosen, a compliment to athletic
reputation. Shilly-shallying with the
woman
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
Delaney. The latter seeks to relieve
the tedium of his friend's sick-room by
a description of his neighbor, Marjorie
Daw. He paints her charms in glow-
ing colors, and enlarges upon her at-
tractions, the wealth of her father, and
the delightful colonial mansion in which
she dwells. Flemming, who is com-
pletely fascinated with his friend's de-
scription, falls in love with the maiden,
and presses Delaney for more and more
particulars, which he generously fur-
nishes, until he has convinced Flem-
ming that Marjorie has been led to
reciprocate his feelings. The critical
moment at last arrives when Flemming,
having sufficiently recovered, telegraphs
that he intends to press his suit in per-
son. His friend, now realizing how seri-
ous the affair has become, endeavors
frantically to prevent Flemming from
carrying out his purpose; but finding
his efforts unavailing, he departs hastily
from town, leaving a note of explana-
tion behind him. Flemming arrives, re-
ceives Delaney's note, and encounters
the surprise of his life. This short
story was first published in 1873, and
is a very characteristic piece of Mr.
Aldrich's clever workmanship.
Italian Journeys, by W. D. Howells,
is the record of leisurely excursions
up and down the land,- to Padua, Fer-
rara, Genoa, Pompeii, Naples, Rome,
and many other towns of picturesque
buildings and melodious names, from
Capri to Trieste. Mr. Howells knows
his Italy so well, that though he writes
as a foreigner, he is in perfect sympathy
with his subject. He knows the inn-
keepers, guides, and railway men to be
dead to truth and honesty, but he likes
them; and he knows that Tasso's prison
never held Tasso, and that the history
of most of the historic places is purely
legendary, but he delights to believe in
them all. He sees in the broken col.
umns and fragmentary walls of Pompeii
all the splendor of the first century, that
time of gorgeous wealth; and in an old
house at Arquá, he has a vision of
Petrarch writing at his curious carved
table. In crumbling Herculaneum his
spirit is touched to wistful sympathy by
a garden of wild flowers: Here — where
so long ago the flowers had bloomed,
and perished in the terrible blossoming
of the mountain that sent up its awful
fires in the awful similitude of Nature's
harmless and lovely forms, and show-
ered its destroying petals all abroad -
was it not tragic to find again the soft
tints, the graceful shapes, the sweet
perfumes, of the earth's immortal life?
Of them that planted and tended and
plucked and bore in their bosoms and
twined in their hair these fragile child-
ren of the summer, what witness in the
world ? Only the crouching skeletons un-
der the tables - Alas and alas! ” His
love of the beautiful is tempered by a
keen sense of humor; and the combina-
tion makes his volume a delightful
record, with the sunshine of Italy shut
between its covers.
Foregone Conclusion, A, by W. D.
Howells, (1875,) one of his earlier
and simpler novels, relates the love story
of Florida Vervain, a young girl sojourn-
ing in Venice with her mother, an
amiable, weak-headed woman, of the type
so frequently drawn by the author. The
daughter is beloved by the l’nited States
consul, a Mr. Ferris, and by Don Ippo-
polito, a priest. The latter is a strongly
drawn, interesting study. He is a man
whom circumstances rather than inclina-
tion led into the priesthood. From the
hour of his ordination he finds the holy
office an obstacle to his normal develop-
ment. He has the genius of the in-
ventor; has spent years in perfecting
impossible models. Florida Vervain be-
comes his pupil in Italian. Her young
enthusiasm leads her to believe that if
Don Ippolito were only in America his
inventions would receive fruitful recogni-
'tion. She proposes that he accompany
her and her mother to Providence. He,
in the first joy of the prospect, declares
his love for her. She is horror-stricken
because he is a priest ); and her re-
fusal of him eventually brings about his
death. These events open the eyes of
Ferris, whose jealousy of the poor priest
had led him into a sullen attitude to-
wards the woman he loved.
The novel, despite a happy ending,
is overshadowed by the tragic central
figure of Don Ippolito. The priest and
the girl are remarkably vivid, well-drawn
characters. There is just enough of the
background of Venice to give color to
the story.
Almayer's Folly, by Joseph Conrad, is
a novel of Eastern life, whose scene
is laid on a little-known river of Borneo,
and whose personages are fierce Malays,
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
32 1
$
cunning Arabs, stolid Dutch traders, Percival himself, in the same event, will
slaves, half-breeds, pirates, and white receive the whole of Laura's fortune.
renegades. Almayer, the son of a Dutch Laura had pledged her dead father to
official in Java, has been adopted in a marry Sir Percival, but she has no love
sort of way by one Captain Lingard, a for him. Marian Halcombe goes with
disreputable English adventurer, who per- her to Blackwater Park. There, in the
suades him to marry a Malay girl, whom form of a diary, she carries on the nar-
also he has adopted, the sole survivor rative where Walter Hartright discon-
of a crew of Malay pirates sent by Lin- tinued it. A plot is hatched by Count
gard to their last account. The story is
Fosco, who is
strong villain, and by
crowded with adventure, and the charac- Sir Percival, who is a weak one, to get
ters stand out, living creatures, against a Laura out of the way and obtain her
gorgeous tropical background. But its money, by taking advantage of the re-
merit lies in its careful rendering of
semblance between her and Anne Cath-
race traits, and in its study of that dry- erick, who at the time is very ill. By
rot of character, indecision, irresolution, a series of devices Laura is brought to
procrastination. It is quite plain that the London, and put into an asylum as
sins Mr. Conrad imputes to his frustrate Anne Catherick; while the dying Anne
ghosts) are the unlit lamp and the un- Catherick is called Lady Glyde, and
girt loin. )
after her death buried as Lady Glyde.
These events are told by the various
Woman in White, The, an early and actors in the drama. By the efforts of
notable novel by Wilkie Collins, Marian, who does not believe that her
was published in 1873. Like his other sister is dead, she is rescued from the
works of fiction, it is remarkable for the asylum. Walter Hartright, seeking to
admirable manner in which its intricate expose Sir Percival's villainy, discovers
plot is worked out. The narrative is that he is sharing a secret with Anne
told by the different characters of the Catherick's mother; that Anne knew the
story in succession. The first narrator secret, and had therefore been confined
is Walter Hartright, a drawing-master, in an asylum by the pair: the secret
who has been employed by Mr. Fred- being that Sir Percival had no right
erick Fairlie of Limmeridge House, in to his title, having been born out of
Cumberland, England, to teach drawing wedlock. Before Hartright can expose
to his nieces, Laura Fairlie and her this fraud, Sir Percival himself is
half-sister Marian Halcombe. Laura burned to death, while tampering with
bears strange resemblance to
the register of the church for his own
woman who had accosted him
interest. In the general clearing-up of
lonely road near London, - a
affairs, it
becomes
known that the
clothed entirely in white; who, he after- Woman in White was the half-sister of
wards discovers, is an Anne Catherick, Laura, being the natural child of her
supposed to be half-witted, and, when father Philip Fairlie.
he met her, just escaped from an asy- The story ends with the happy mar-
lum. In her childhood Anne had been riage of Laura to Hartright, and with
befriended by Laura's mother, Mrs. the restoration of her property.
Fairlie, because of her resemblance to
Laura, and by her had been dressed in
Armadale, by Wilkie Collins 1866. The
white, which Anne had worn ever since
, The
in memory of her benefactress. Hart- Magdalen, and other of its author's later
right discovers also that there is some novels, is a gauntlet of defiance to the
mystery in the girl's having been placed critics who had asserted that all the in-
in an asylum by her own mother, with- terest of his stories lay in the suspension
out sufficient justification of the act. of knowledge as to the dénouement. The
Walter Hartright falls in love with machinery is in full view, yet in spite of
Laura Fairlie; but she is betrothed to this disclosure, the reader's attention is
Sir Percival Glyde of Blackwater Park, held until he knows whether the villain or
Hampshire. Sir Percival has a close her victims will come out victorious. This
friend, Count Fosco, whose wife, a rela- villain is one Lydia Gwilt, who, as a girl
tive of Laura's, will receive ten thousand of twelve, has forged a letter to deceive
pounds on her death. The marriage a father into letting his daughter throw
settlements are drawn up so that Sir herself away. Hateful and hideous as is
a
a
on
a
woman
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322
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
her character, Lydia is so drawn as to to impress Sir Guy, and contents herself
exact a certain pity from the reader, by with a Mr. Boer, appropriately named.
reason of her lonely childhood and her Two of Lilian's cousins, Arthur Chesney
strong qualities. The few minor charac- (a vain suitor for her hand), and Taffy
ters of the book, though distinct enough, Musgrave (a young British red-coat whom
do not detain the reader, eager to know everybody likes), add no little interest to
the fate of poor Ozias, the hero, who is the group, who are of a marrying mind
a lovable fellow. Among the few minor generally. Wholesome, pretty, not too
characters in this novel are Mrs. Older- serious, the story maintains its interest to
shaw, Mr. Felix Bashwood, and Mr. Ped- the last without introducing any startling
gift the lawyer.
episodes. It paints a pleasant picture of
English country life, with sufficient fidel-
Barba
rbara's History, by Amelia Bland- ity to detail and an agreeable variety of
ford Edwards, appeared in 1864. It light and shadow.
is the romance of a pretty girl, clever and
capable, who, passing through some vex-
Samuel Brohl and Company, a novel,
ations and serious troubles, settles down by Victor Cherbuliez. (1879. ) One
to an unclouded future. Barbara Church- of the most entertaining productions of
ill is the youngest daughter of a selfish a writer who excels in delicate comedy,
widower, who neglects his children. When and has given readers an agreeable
ten years old, she visits her rich country change from the typical French novel »;
aunt, Mrs. Sandyshaft, with whom she is though it has little substance or thought.
far happier than in her London home. The action occurs during the year 1875,
Here she meets Hugh Farquhar, owner in Switzerland and France. Samuel
of the neighboring estate of Broomhill; Brohl, a youth of lowest origin, is bought
a man of twenty-seven, who has sowed by Princess Gulof, who educates him,
wild oats in many lands and reaped an and then makes him nominally her sec-
abundant harvest of troubles. He makes retary. He tires of her jealous tyranny
a great pet of Barbara, who loves him
and runs away, assuming the name and
devotedly. The story thenceforth is of history of Count Larinski. Antoinette
their marriage, her jealousy in regard to Moriaz, an heiress of romantic notions,
an Italian girl whom her husband has who undervalues the love of honest Ca.
protected, and an explanation and recon- mille Langis because there is no mys-
ciliation. It is well told, the characteri- tery about him, supposing Samuel to
zation is good, and Barbara is made an be the Polish hero he impersonates,
extremely attractive little heroine.
thinks she has found the man she wants
at last.
Madame de Lorcy, her god-
mother and Camille's aunt, suspects
ford (“The Duchess”), needs « Count Larinski” of being an advent-
elaborate plot to make it interesting. Its urer; and is finally helped to prove it
slender thread of story traces the willful by the Princess, Samuel's former mis-
though winsome actions of Lilian Ches- tress, who recounts to Antoinette how
ney. An orphaned heiress - piquant, airy, she bought him of his father for a brace-
changeful, lovable - she lives, after the let, which bracelet Samuel has given
death of her parents, with Lady Chet- the girl as a betrothal gift. Disillusion-
woode. Sir Guy Chetwoode, her rather ized, she breaks with Samuel, saying
young guardian; Cyril, his brother, and pathetically, “The man I loved was he
Florence Beauchamp, his cousin, complete whose history you related to me” (i, e. ,
the household. Sir Guy, staid, earnest, Count Larinski). Camille visits Samuel
and manly, alternately quarrels with and to get back Antoinette's letters and
pays sincere court to his ward, winning gifts, contemptuously refuses a challenge,
her after she has led him a weary chase, and buys the keepsakes for 25,000 francs.
the details of which form the chief charm The bargain concluded, Samuel theatri-
of the story.
Cyril, twenty-six, pleasant cally thrusts the bank-notes into a candle
but headstrong, finds his love in a fair flame, and repeats his challenge. In the
young widow, Mrs. Arlington, about resulting duel, Camille is left for dead
whose character an unfortunate haze of by Samuel, that picturesque scamp flee-
doubt has been cast — to be dissipated, ing to America. Camille recovers, and
however, in the end. The ambitious Flor- eventually his devotion to Antoinette
ence, as vapid as she is designing, fails meets its due reward.
»
Airy Fairy, Lilian, by Mrs. Hunger-
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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
323
Alla
ure.
(
llan Quatermain, by H. Rider Hag- this little work, of one of their num-
gard, rehearses the adventures of the ber, desultory and inartistic as it is,
old hunter and traveler who tells the story,
will be invaluable to the future histo-
and whose name gives the title to the rian. It will at least show the desperate
book. He is accompanied from England earnestness and self-sacrificing spirit
on an African expedition by Sir Henry of some of Russia's noblest sons and
Curtis — huge, fair, and brave — and Cap- daughters. For English readers, the
tain Good, a retired seaman. They take work has the disadvantage of spelling
with them Umslopogaas, a trusty and gi- Russian names in an unfamiliar (that
gantic Zulu, who has served before under is, in the Italian) manner. It was writ-
Quatermain. At a mission station the ten in 1881; and the year after was
party leads an expedition to rescue the published in England, with a preface by
daughter of the missionary, Flossie Mac- Pavel Lavrof.
kenzie, who had been captured by hostile
blacks. The interest of the book is found
Vera Vorontsoff, by Sonya Kovalev.
in the swift movement of the narrative, sky. Sonya Kovalevsky, whose fa-
and the excitement of incessant advent- father was a general at the head of the
Russian artillery, adopted the Nihilistic
procedure of making a fictitious mar-
Underground Russia, by Stepniak. riage, for the purpose of securing her
The former editor of Zemlia i Volia intellectual freedom. She became one of
(Land and Liberty), who for many years the most famous mathematicians of Eu-
hid his identity under the pseudonym rope, won the Bordin prize, and was for
of Stepniak (freely translated «Son
ten years professor of mathematics in
of the Steppe »), wrote in Italian a Stockholm University. Her marvelous
series of sketches of the revolutionary achievements in science did not prevent
and Nihilistic movement in which he her from suffering on the womanly side
had taken such an important part. The of her complex nature. Undoubtedly
introduction gives a succinct history of something of her own life history is to
the individualistic propaganda which re- be read between the lines of her novel,
sulted in Russia in a certain measure (Vera Vorontsoff, which she is said to
of freedom for women, and which, at have written in Swedish. It relates sim-
the expense of much suffering and ply but effectively the story of the
many young lives sacrificed, spread a youngest daughter of a Russian count,
leaven of liberalism through the vast ruined partly by his own extravagances
empire of the Tsars. Stepniak traces and partly by the emancipation of the
the successive changes that have taken serfs. The girl grows up with little train-
place in the attack on Autocracy before ing until Stepan Mikhailovich Vasiltsef, a
and since 1871. He defends even the professor from the Polytechnic Institute
Terrorism that leveled its weapons of Petersburg, removed from his posi-
against the lives of the highest in tion on account of seditious utterances,
power. He who had himself been del- comes to reside on his little neighboring
egated to (remove) certain of the estate and teaches her. They end by
enemies of liberty, could
help
falling in love; but Vasiltsef, who in-
arguing in favor of assassination as a clines to take the side of the peasants in
political resource. Under the sub-title their differences with their former mas-
of Revolutionary Profiles,' he draws ters, is (interned » at Viatka, and dies
pen-portraits of some of his acquaint- there of consumption. Vera sacrifices
ances among the Nihilists: Stepanovich, herself by marrying a poor Jewish con-
Dmitri Clemens, Valerian Ossinsky, spirator, condemned to twenty years' im-
Prince Krapotkin, Dmitri Lisogub, Jessy prisonment, and thereby commuting his
Helfman, Viera Sassulitch, and Sophia punishment to exile to Siberia, where
Perovskaya. The last half of the vol- she joins him. The character of Vera
ume describes various attempts at as- is carefully drawn in the genuine Rus-
sassination, and of escape from prisons sian method; she is the type of the self-
or Siberia. As a description of the prop- sacrificing maiden of gentle birth, of
aganda and methods of the revolution- which the annals of Nihilism are full.
ists in attempting to free their country There are a few pretty descriptions, as
from governmentai tyranny, and as a for instance, that of the app of the
statement of their aims and purpose, spring on the steppes; but the force of
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## p. 324 (#360) ############################################

324
SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
the story lies in its pictures of life at
the time of the liberation of the serfs.
It has been twice translated into Eng-
lish. The author died in 1891, at the
age of forty-one.
pan.
-a
two
Tent Life in Siberia, by George Ken-
(1870. ) The author of this
book of exploration and adventure was
employed, in 1865–67, by the Western
Union Telegraph Company, in its auda-
cious scheme of building an overland line
to Europe by way of Alaska, Bering's
Strait, and Siberia, futile project,
soon forgotten in the success of the At-
lantic Cable. He tells the story of the
undertaking from the side of the em-
ployees, -- a story known to few even of
the original projectors. It is record of
obstacles well-nigh insuperable met and
overcome with astonishing patience and
courage; of nearly six thousand miles of
unbroken wilderness explored in
years, from Vancouver's Island to Be-
ring's Straits, and from Bering's Straits
to the Chinese frontier; of camping in
the wildest mountain fastnesses of Kam-
tchatka, in the gloomy forests of Alaska
and British Columbia, and on the deso-
late plains of Northeastern Siberia; of
the rugged mountain passes of Northern
Asia traversed by hardy 'men mounted
on reindeer; of the great rivers of the
north navigated in skin canoes; of tents
pitched on northern plains in tempera-
tures of 50 and 60 degrees below zero.
Though the enterprise failed in its
special aim, it succeeded in contributing
our knowledge of hitherto
traveled and unknown region. Its sur-
veys and explorations are invaluable.
The life and customs of the natives are
minutely described; while the traveler's
sense of the vastness, the desolation,
and the appalling emptiness of this
northern world of snow and ice conveys
a chill almost of death to the sympa-
thetic reader. The book is written in
the simple, business-like style that, when
used by men of action to tell what they
have done, adds a great charm of real-
ity to the tale.
French and German Socialism in
Modern Times, by Richard T. Ely,
associate professor of political economy
in Johns Hopkins University. (1883. )
The author says: My aim is to give a
perfectly fair, impartial presentation of
modern communism and socialism in
their two strongholds, France and Ger-
many. I believe that in so doing I am
rendering a service to the friends of law
and order. » He further says:
« It is
supposed that advocates of these systems
are poor, worthless fellows, who adopt
the arts of a demagogue for the promo-
tion in some way of their own interests,
perhaps in order to gain a livelihood
by agitating laborers and preying upon
them. It is thought that they are moved
by envy of the wealthier classes, and,
themselves unwilling to work, long for
the products of diligence and ability.
This is certainly a false and
unjust view. The leading communists
and socialists from the time of Plato up
to the present have been, for the most
part, men of character, wealth, talent,
and high social standing. ” The work
begins with an examination of the ac-
cusations brought against our present
social order. It acknowledges the exist-
ence of wrongs and abuses, and it con-
veys the warning that the time is not
far distant when, in this country, we
shall be confronted with social problems
of the most appalling and urgent nature.
It is a laboring class,” the author says,
«without hope of improvement for them-
selves or their children, which will first
test our institutions. Without express-
ing any personal view as to how threat-
ening evils may best be avoided, and
holding that only a fool would pretend
to picture the ultimate organization of
society, he describes the principal French
and German plans of reform that have
been proposed. These include the sys-
tems of Babæuf, Cabet, Saint-Simon,
Fourier, Louis Blanc, Proudhon, French
socialism since Proudhon, Rodbertus,
Karl Marx, the International Associa-
tion, Lassalle, the Social Democracy,
Socialism of the Chair (i. e. , the social-
ism held by professors, among whom he
includes John Stuart Mill), and Christ-
ian Socialism. While endeavoring to do
justice to Karl Marx, he thinks Lassalle
the most interesting figure of the Social
Democracy; speaks of the more or less
socialistic nature of some of Bismarck's
projects and measures; and rejoices that
socialists and men of all shades of opin-
ion are more and more turning to Christ-
ianity for help in the solution of social
problems. The book is fair, uncontro-
versial, and full of information concern-
ing the many different schools of French
and German socialism.
to
a
un-


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SYNOPSES OF NOTED BOOKS
325
(1864. ) A work of great research and
admirable exposition of interesting facts;
showing how human action, such as the
clearing away of forests, the drainage of
land, the creation of systems of irriga-
tion, etc. , very greatly modifies the con-
ditions belonging to the surface of the
earth. Not only are the matters treated
of great practical importance, but the
pictures of conditions and changes in
different lands, and over the many vari-
eties of the earth's surface, are very
entertaining.