whom, when
Hortensius
and Posthumius had seen, the rest,
too, saw that he was not on his bier, and that another was
lying there.
too, saw that he was not on his bier, and that another was
lying there.
Satires
.
that, like an angry cur, speaks plainer than a man.
23 . . . the common herd stupidly look for a knot in a bulrush. [1611]
24 . . . and legions serve for pay.
25 . . . quote prodigies, elephants.
26 . . . ladles and ewers. [1612]
27 Vulture. [1613]
28 . . . like a fool, you came to dance among the Pathics.
29 Oh the cares of men! Oh how much vanity is there in human
affairs! [1614]
FOOTNOTES:
[1599] Book I. Some of the commentators suppose that the thirty Satires
of Lucilius were divided into two books, and that the first of these
_books_, and not the first Satire only, was dedicated to Ælius Stilo.
[1600] _Fr. _ 3. "Every god that is worshiped by man must needs in all
solemn rites and invocations be styled 'Father;' not only for honor's,
but also for reason's sake. Since he is both more ancient than man,
and provides man with life and health and food, as a father doth. "
Lactant. , Inst. Div. , iv. , 3.
[1601] _Tubulus. _ C. Hostilius Tubulus was elected prætor B. C. 210
(Liv. , xxvii. , 6), and was prætor peregrinus next year. (Cf. Fr. inc.
97. ) He became infamous from his openly receiving bribes, so that the
next year, on the motion of the tribune P. Scævola, he was impeached
by Cnæus Servilius Cæpio the consul, B. C. 203. P. Cornelius Lentulus
_Lupus_ first appears as one of the persons sent to Rome, to announce
the victory over Perseus. (Liv. , xliv. , 45. ) He afterward served the
offices of curule ædile (Fr. 9), and censor (Fr. 12). He was consul
B. C. 156. Carbo is L. Papirius Carbo, the friend of C. Gracchus. We
learn from Aulus Gellius (xv. , 21), that "Son of Neptune" was applied
to men of the fiercest and most blood-thirsty dispositions, who seemed
to have so little _humanity_ about them, that they might have been
sprung from the _sea_.
[1602] _Carneades_ (cf. Diog. Laert. , IV. , ix. ) of Cyrene, disciple
of Chrysippus, and founder of the new Academy, was celebrated for his
great acuteness of intellect, which he displayed to great advantage
when he came as embassador from Athens to Rome, B. C. 155.
[1603] _Ædilem_ refers to Lupus, who was made curule ædile with L.
Valerius Flaccus, A. U. C. 591 (B. C. 163), and exhibited the Ludi
Megalenses the year Terence's Heauton Timorumenos was produced. A law
was called Satura which contained several enactments under one bill;
hence, according to Diomedes, Satire derives its name from the variety
of its subjects.
A person was said to be _legibus solutus_ who was freed from the
obligation of any _one_ law; afterward the emperors were so styled,
as being above _all_ laws; but at first there was some reservation,
as we find Augustus praying to be freed from the obligation of the
Voconian law. (In the year B. C. 199, C. Valerius Flaccus was created
curule ædile together with C. Cornelius Cethegus. Being flamen dialis,
and therefore not allowed to take an oath, he prayed, "ut legibus
solveretur. " The consuls, by a decree of the senate, got the tribunes
to obtain a plebis-scitum, that his brother Lucius, the prætor elect,
might be allowed to take the oath for him. Liv. , xxxi. , 50. )
[1604] Fr. 12 refers also to Lupus, for he was censor A. U. C. 607, with
L. Marcius Censorinus.
[1605] _Priva. _ Cf. Liv. , xxx. , 43, "Ut privos lapides silices,
privasque verbenas secum ferrent. " The acharne was a fish known to the
Greeks, the best being caught off Ænos in Thrace. Athenæus mentions the
ἄχαρνος together with θύννου κεφάλαιον, "thunny-heads" (vii. , p. 620,
D), in a passage from the Cyclopes of Callias. Ennius also (ap. Apul.
Apolog. ) has "calvaria pinguia acharnæ. "
[1606] Mercer suggests "coitum" as the missing word, which Gerlach
adopts. Cf. Hom. , Il. , xiv. , 317, οὐδ' ὁπότ' ἠρασάμην Ἰξιονίης ἀλόχοιο.
The lady's name was Dia, daughter of Deioneus. _Contendere_, "to
compare. " Cf. vii. , Fr. 6.
[1607] L. Ælius Stilo (vid. arg. ) was a Roman knight, a native of
Lanuvium, and was called Stilo, "quod orationes nobilissimo cuique
scribere solebat. " He had also the nickname of Præconinus, because
his father had exercised the office of præco. He was a distinguished
grammarian, and a friend of the learned and great; and, it is said,
accompanied Q. Metellus Numidicus into banishment. Vid. Suet. , de Gram.
Ill. , II. , iii. Ernest Clav. Cic.
[1608] Cf. Juv. , viii. , 172, "Mitte sed in magnâ legatum quære popina;"
and 1. 158; xi. , 81, "Qui meminit calidæ sapiat quid vulva popinæ. "
[1609] _Prætextæ. _ Cf. Pers. , v. , 30, "custos purpura. "
[1610] _Psilœ_, from ψιλὸς, "rasus," with its nap shorn like our modern
velvet (villus, hence vélours). _Amphitapæ_, from ἀμφί and τάπης, a
thick brocaded dress, like a rich carpet, soft on both sides.
[1611] _Nodum in scirpo facere_, or _quærere_, "to make a difficulty
where there is none. " Cf. Ter. , And. , v. , 4, 38. Enn. ap. Fest. ,
"Quæritur in scirpo soliti quod dicere nodus. " Plaut. , Men. , II. , i. ,
22. The modern Italian is equally expressive, "_Cercar l'osso nel
fico_. "
[1612] ἀρύταινα, from ἀρύτω, "any vessel for drawing up water. "
[1613] _Vulturius_ is the _older_ Latin form for _vultur_, which
is found in the days of Virgil. (In Plaut. , Curc. , II. , iii. , 77,
"Vulturios quatuor" is a bad throw at dice, like the "damnosa Canicula"
of Persius, iii. , 49, and is said to be called so for the same reason,
because vultures devour, i. e. , ruin men. )
[1614] Cf. Pers. , i. , 1.
BOOK II.
ARGUMENT.
On the subject of this book the commentators differ: some supposing
that it was directed against luxury and effeminacy. But the
avarice and licentiousness of the times form a considerable
portion of the writings of Lucilius, and there are very few of
his Satires in which these are not incidentally glanced at.
From the sixth Fragment, which after all is a very obscure one,
Ellendt supposed it was written to expose Æmilius Scaurus. Corpet
maintains that it contained the description of a sanguinary
brawl, in which many persons were engaged; that one person
was taken up for dead, his house purified (Fr. 22), and all
preparations made for his funeral, when some one saw another
lying in his bier. Fr. 1. It is quite clear that Fr. 14, 24,
and perhaps 2, refer to luxury; if by Manlius, in the second
Fragment, is intended Cn. Manlius Vulso. (Vid. note. )
1 . . .
whom, when Hortensius and Posthumius had seen, the rest,
too, saw that he was not on his bier, and that another was
lying there.
2 Hostilius . . . against the plague and ruin which that halting
Manlius, too, «introduced among» us. [1615]
3 . . . which were all removed in two hours, when the sun set, and
was enveloped in darkness. [1616]
4 . . . that he, having been ill-treated, attacked the other's
jaws, and beat the breath out of him.
5 Now for the name: next I will tell you what I have got out of
the witnesses, by questioning. [1617]
6 . . . which I charm and wrest and elicit from Æmilius. [1618]
7 I say not. Even though he conquer, let him go like a vagabond
into exile, and roam an outlaw. [1619]
8 The prætor is now your friend; but if Gentilis die this year,
he will be mine--[1620]
9 . . . if he has left on his posteriors the mark of a thick and
large-headed snake. [1621]
10 Of a rough-actioned, sorry, slow-paced jade--[1622]
11 . . . that unclean, shameless, plundering fellow. [1623]
12 Sleeved tunics of gold tissue, scarfs, drawers, turbans. [1624]
13 What say you? Why was it done? What is that guess of yours?
14 . . . who may now ruin you, Nomentanus, you rascal, in every
thing else!
15 So surrounded was I with all the cakes. [1625]
16 . . . to penetrate the hairy purse. [1626]
17 . . . for a man scarce alive and a mere shadow. [1627]
18 . . . as skilled in law.
19 . . . he would lead these herds--
20 . . . for what need has he of the amulet and image attached to
him, in order to devour fat bacon and make rich dishes by
stealth. [1628]
21 . . . her that shows light by night. [1629]
22 . . . purified--expiated--
23 . . . a journey from the lowermost (river) to be told, and heard.
24 Long life to you, gluttons, gormandizers, belly-gods. [1630]
25 . . . him that wanders through inhospitable wastes there
accompanies the greater satisfaction of things conceived in his
mind. [1631]
FOOTNOTES:
[1615] There are two persons of the name of Hostilius mentioned by
Livy, as contemporary with Cn. Manlius Vulso. Hostilius is Gerlach's
reading for the old _hostilibus_. Cn. Manlius got the nickname of Vulso
from _vellendo_, plucking out superfluous hairs to make his body more
delicate. (Plin. , xiv. , 20. Juv. , viii. , 114; ix. , 14. Pers. , iv. ,
36. ) He was consul B. C. 189, and marched into Gallo-Græcia, and for
his conquests was allowed a triumph, B. C. 186. Livy enters into great
detail in describing all the various luxuries which he introduced into
Rome, such as sofas, tables, sideboards, rich and costly vestments
and hangings, foreign musicians, etc. Liv. , xxxix. , 6. Plin. , H.
N. , xxxiv. , 3, 8. Cf. Bekker's Gallus, p. 294. Catax (quasi cadax a
cadendo) is explained by coxo, "one lame of the hip. " There is probably
an allusion to his effeminacy. Corpet considers Manlius Verna to be
intended, who had the sobriquet of Pantolabus, i. e. , "grasp-all. "
[1616] Leg. _obducto tenebris_. Dusa's conjecture, adopted by Gerlach.
[1617] _Exsculpo. _ So Fr. incert. 49, "Esurienti Leoni ex ore
_exsculpere_ prædam. " Ter. , Eun. , IV. , iv. , 44, "Possumne hodie ego ex
to _exsculpere_ verum. "
[1618] All the commentators agree that no sense can be elicited from
this line. Ellendt (vid. sup. ) supposes Æmilius Scaurus to be meant;
others, Æmilius the præco, by whom Scipio, when candidate for the
censorship, was conducted to the forum, for which he was ridiculed by
Appius Claudius. _Præcantare_ is applied to singing magic hymns and
incantations by the bed of one sick, to charm away the disease. Cf.
Tibull. , I. , v. 12, "Carmine cum magico præcinuisset anus. " Macrob. ,
Somn. Scip. , II. , iii. _Excantare_ is "to elicit by incantation. " Vid.
Lucan, vi. , 685, "Excantare deos. "
[1619] Corpet says, this obviously refers to Scipio Africanus major.
But, as Gerlach says, it may apply equally well to Scipio Nasica, or
Opimius, who killed the Gracchi; perhaps even better to the latter than
to Scipio Africanus, who went _voluntarily_ into exile.
[1620] Cf. Ter. , Andr. , V. , vi. , 12, "_Tuus est_ nunc Chremes. "
Gerlach's reading and punctuation are followed. _Gentilis_ is a proper
name, on the authority of Appuleius.
[1621] _Natrix_, properly "a venomous water-serpent. " Cic. , Acad. ,
iv. , 38. Hence applied by Tiberius to Caligula. (Suet. , Calig. , xi. )
It means here a thong or whip (scutica), which twists about and stings
like a snake. So Anguilla, Isidor. , Orig. , v. 27.
[1622] _Succussatoris. _ Gr. ὑποσειστής, "one that shakes the rider in
his seat. " _Caballi. _ Vid. Pers. , Prol. i. , 1.
[1623] _Impuratus. _ Ter. , Phorm. , IV. , iii. , 64. _Impuno_, "one who
dares all, through hope of impunity. " _Rapister_ is formed like
magister, sequester, etc.
[1624] Cf. Bähr ad Herod. , vii. , 61 (which seems to confirm the
conjecture, χειροδύται), and the quotation from Virgil below. Herod. ,
vi. , 72. Schneider's note on Xen. , Hell. , II. , i. , 8. _Rica_ is a
covering for the head, such as priestesses used to wear at sacrifices,
generally of purple, square, with a border or fringe; cf. Varro, L. L. ,
iv. , 29; but worn sometimes by men, as Euclides of Megara used one. A.
Gell. , vi.
23 . . . the common herd stupidly look for a knot in a bulrush. [1611]
24 . . . and legions serve for pay.
25 . . . quote prodigies, elephants.
26 . . . ladles and ewers. [1612]
27 Vulture. [1613]
28 . . . like a fool, you came to dance among the Pathics.
29 Oh the cares of men! Oh how much vanity is there in human
affairs! [1614]
FOOTNOTES:
[1599] Book I. Some of the commentators suppose that the thirty Satires
of Lucilius were divided into two books, and that the first of these
_books_, and not the first Satire only, was dedicated to Ælius Stilo.
[1600] _Fr. _ 3. "Every god that is worshiped by man must needs in all
solemn rites and invocations be styled 'Father;' not only for honor's,
but also for reason's sake. Since he is both more ancient than man,
and provides man with life and health and food, as a father doth. "
Lactant. , Inst. Div. , iv. , 3.
[1601] _Tubulus. _ C. Hostilius Tubulus was elected prætor B. C. 210
(Liv. , xxvii. , 6), and was prætor peregrinus next year. (Cf. Fr. inc.
97. ) He became infamous from his openly receiving bribes, so that the
next year, on the motion of the tribune P. Scævola, he was impeached
by Cnæus Servilius Cæpio the consul, B. C. 203. P. Cornelius Lentulus
_Lupus_ first appears as one of the persons sent to Rome, to announce
the victory over Perseus. (Liv. , xliv. , 45. ) He afterward served the
offices of curule ædile (Fr. 9), and censor (Fr. 12). He was consul
B. C. 156. Carbo is L. Papirius Carbo, the friend of C. Gracchus. We
learn from Aulus Gellius (xv. , 21), that "Son of Neptune" was applied
to men of the fiercest and most blood-thirsty dispositions, who seemed
to have so little _humanity_ about them, that they might have been
sprung from the _sea_.
[1602] _Carneades_ (cf. Diog. Laert. , IV. , ix. ) of Cyrene, disciple
of Chrysippus, and founder of the new Academy, was celebrated for his
great acuteness of intellect, which he displayed to great advantage
when he came as embassador from Athens to Rome, B. C. 155.
[1603] _Ædilem_ refers to Lupus, who was made curule ædile with L.
Valerius Flaccus, A. U. C. 591 (B. C. 163), and exhibited the Ludi
Megalenses the year Terence's Heauton Timorumenos was produced. A law
was called Satura which contained several enactments under one bill;
hence, according to Diomedes, Satire derives its name from the variety
of its subjects.
A person was said to be _legibus solutus_ who was freed from the
obligation of any _one_ law; afterward the emperors were so styled,
as being above _all_ laws; but at first there was some reservation,
as we find Augustus praying to be freed from the obligation of the
Voconian law. (In the year B. C. 199, C. Valerius Flaccus was created
curule ædile together with C. Cornelius Cethegus. Being flamen dialis,
and therefore not allowed to take an oath, he prayed, "ut legibus
solveretur. " The consuls, by a decree of the senate, got the tribunes
to obtain a plebis-scitum, that his brother Lucius, the prætor elect,
might be allowed to take the oath for him. Liv. , xxxi. , 50. )
[1604] Fr. 12 refers also to Lupus, for he was censor A. U. C. 607, with
L. Marcius Censorinus.
[1605] _Priva. _ Cf. Liv. , xxx. , 43, "Ut privos lapides silices,
privasque verbenas secum ferrent. " The acharne was a fish known to the
Greeks, the best being caught off Ænos in Thrace. Athenæus mentions the
ἄχαρνος together with θύννου κεφάλαιον, "thunny-heads" (vii. , p. 620,
D), in a passage from the Cyclopes of Callias. Ennius also (ap. Apul.
Apolog. ) has "calvaria pinguia acharnæ. "
[1606] Mercer suggests "coitum" as the missing word, which Gerlach
adopts. Cf. Hom. , Il. , xiv. , 317, οὐδ' ὁπότ' ἠρασάμην Ἰξιονίης ἀλόχοιο.
The lady's name was Dia, daughter of Deioneus. _Contendere_, "to
compare. " Cf. vii. , Fr. 6.
[1607] L. Ælius Stilo (vid. arg. ) was a Roman knight, a native of
Lanuvium, and was called Stilo, "quod orationes nobilissimo cuique
scribere solebat. " He had also the nickname of Præconinus, because
his father had exercised the office of præco. He was a distinguished
grammarian, and a friend of the learned and great; and, it is said,
accompanied Q. Metellus Numidicus into banishment. Vid. Suet. , de Gram.
Ill. , II. , iii. Ernest Clav. Cic.
[1608] Cf. Juv. , viii. , 172, "Mitte sed in magnâ legatum quære popina;"
and 1. 158; xi. , 81, "Qui meminit calidæ sapiat quid vulva popinæ. "
[1609] _Prætextæ. _ Cf. Pers. , v. , 30, "custos purpura. "
[1610] _Psilœ_, from ψιλὸς, "rasus," with its nap shorn like our modern
velvet (villus, hence vélours). _Amphitapæ_, from ἀμφί and τάπης, a
thick brocaded dress, like a rich carpet, soft on both sides.
[1611] _Nodum in scirpo facere_, or _quærere_, "to make a difficulty
where there is none. " Cf. Ter. , And. , v. , 4, 38. Enn. ap. Fest. ,
"Quæritur in scirpo soliti quod dicere nodus. " Plaut. , Men. , II. , i. ,
22. The modern Italian is equally expressive, "_Cercar l'osso nel
fico_. "
[1612] ἀρύταινα, from ἀρύτω, "any vessel for drawing up water. "
[1613] _Vulturius_ is the _older_ Latin form for _vultur_, which
is found in the days of Virgil. (In Plaut. , Curc. , II. , iii. , 77,
"Vulturios quatuor" is a bad throw at dice, like the "damnosa Canicula"
of Persius, iii. , 49, and is said to be called so for the same reason,
because vultures devour, i. e. , ruin men. )
[1614] Cf. Pers. , i. , 1.
BOOK II.
ARGUMENT.
On the subject of this book the commentators differ: some supposing
that it was directed against luxury and effeminacy. But the
avarice and licentiousness of the times form a considerable
portion of the writings of Lucilius, and there are very few of
his Satires in which these are not incidentally glanced at.
From the sixth Fragment, which after all is a very obscure one,
Ellendt supposed it was written to expose Æmilius Scaurus. Corpet
maintains that it contained the description of a sanguinary
brawl, in which many persons were engaged; that one person
was taken up for dead, his house purified (Fr. 22), and all
preparations made for his funeral, when some one saw another
lying in his bier. Fr. 1. It is quite clear that Fr. 14, 24,
and perhaps 2, refer to luxury; if by Manlius, in the second
Fragment, is intended Cn. Manlius Vulso. (Vid. note. )
1 . . .
whom, when Hortensius and Posthumius had seen, the rest,
too, saw that he was not on his bier, and that another was
lying there.
2 Hostilius . . . against the plague and ruin which that halting
Manlius, too, «introduced among» us. [1615]
3 . . . which were all removed in two hours, when the sun set, and
was enveloped in darkness. [1616]
4 . . . that he, having been ill-treated, attacked the other's
jaws, and beat the breath out of him.
5 Now for the name: next I will tell you what I have got out of
the witnesses, by questioning. [1617]
6 . . . which I charm and wrest and elicit from Æmilius. [1618]
7 I say not. Even though he conquer, let him go like a vagabond
into exile, and roam an outlaw. [1619]
8 The prætor is now your friend; but if Gentilis die this year,
he will be mine--[1620]
9 . . . if he has left on his posteriors the mark of a thick and
large-headed snake. [1621]
10 Of a rough-actioned, sorry, slow-paced jade--[1622]
11 . . . that unclean, shameless, plundering fellow. [1623]
12 Sleeved tunics of gold tissue, scarfs, drawers, turbans. [1624]
13 What say you? Why was it done? What is that guess of yours?
14 . . . who may now ruin you, Nomentanus, you rascal, in every
thing else!
15 So surrounded was I with all the cakes. [1625]
16 . . . to penetrate the hairy purse. [1626]
17 . . . for a man scarce alive and a mere shadow. [1627]
18 . . . as skilled in law.
19 . . . he would lead these herds--
20 . . . for what need has he of the amulet and image attached to
him, in order to devour fat bacon and make rich dishes by
stealth. [1628]
21 . . . her that shows light by night. [1629]
22 . . . purified--expiated--
23 . . . a journey from the lowermost (river) to be told, and heard.
24 Long life to you, gluttons, gormandizers, belly-gods. [1630]
25 . . . him that wanders through inhospitable wastes there
accompanies the greater satisfaction of things conceived in his
mind. [1631]
FOOTNOTES:
[1615] There are two persons of the name of Hostilius mentioned by
Livy, as contemporary with Cn. Manlius Vulso. Hostilius is Gerlach's
reading for the old _hostilibus_. Cn. Manlius got the nickname of Vulso
from _vellendo_, plucking out superfluous hairs to make his body more
delicate. (Plin. , xiv. , 20. Juv. , viii. , 114; ix. , 14. Pers. , iv. ,
36. ) He was consul B. C. 189, and marched into Gallo-Græcia, and for
his conquests was allowed a triumph, B. C. 186. Livy enters into great
detail in describing all the various luxuries which he introduced into
Rome, such as sofas, tables, sideboards, rich and costly vestments
and hangings, foreign musicians, etc. Liv. , xxxix. , 6. Plin. , H.
N. , xxxiv. , 3, 8. Cf. Bekker's Gallus, p. 294. Catax (quasi cadax a
cadendo) is explained by coxo, "one lame of the hip. " There is probably
an allusion to his effeminacy. Corpet considers Manlius Verna to be
intended, who had the sobriquet of Pantolabus, i. e. , "grasp-all. "
[1616] Leg. _obducto tenebris_. Dusa's conjecture, adopted by Gerlach.
[1617] _Exsculpo. _ So Fr. incert. 49, "Esurienti Leoni ex ore
_exsculpere_ prædam. " Ter. , Eun. , IV. , iv. , 44, "Possumne hodie ego ex
to _exsculpere_ verum. "
[1618] All the commentators agree that no sense can be elicited from
this line. Ellendt (vid. sup. ) supposes Æmilius Scaurus to be meant;
others, Æmilius the præco, by whom Scipio, when candidate for the
censorship, was conducted to the forum, for which he was ridiculed by
Appius Claudius. _Præcantare_ is applied to singing magic hymns and
incantations by the bed of one sick, to charm away the disease. Cf.
Tibull. , I. , v. 12, "Carmine cum magico præcinuisset anus. " Macrob. ,
Somn. Scip. , II. , iii. _Excantare_ is "to elicit by incantation. " Vid.
Lucan, vi. , 685, "Excantare deos. "
[1619] Corpet says, this obviously refers to Scipio Africanus major.
But, as Gerlach says, it may apply equally well to Scipio Nasica, or
Opimius, who killed the Gracchi; perhaps even better to the latter than
to Scipio Africanus, who went _voluntarily_ into exile.
[1620] Cf. Ter. , Andr. , V. , vi. , 12, "_Tuus est_ nunc Chremes. "
Gerlach's reading and punctuation are followed. _Gentilis_ is a proper
name, on the authority of Appuleius.
[1621] _Natrix_, properly "a venomous water-serpent. " Cic. , Acad. ,
iv. , 38. Hence applied by Tiberius to Caligula. (Suet. , Calig. , xi. )
It means here a thong or whip (scutica), which twists about and stings
like a snake. So Anguilla, Isidor. , Orig. , v. 27.
[1622] _Succussatoris. _ Gr. ὑποσειστής, "one that shakes the rider in
his seat. " _Caballi. _ Vid. Pers. , Prol. i. , 1.
[1623] _Impuratus. _ Ter. , Phorm. , IV. , iii. , 64. _Impuno_, "one who
dares all, through hope of impunity. " _Rapister_ is formed like
magister, sequester, etc.
[1624] Cf. Bähr ad Herod. , vii. , 61 (which seems to confirm the
conjecture, χειροδύται), and the quotation from Virgil below. Herod. ,
vi. , 72. Schneider's note on Xen. , Hell. , II. , i. , 8. _Rica_ is a
covering for the head, such as priestesses used to wear at sacrifices,
generally of purple, square, with a border or fringe; cf. Varro, L. L. ,
iv. , 29; but worn sometimes by men, as Euclides of Megara used one. A.
Gell. , vi.
