No More Learning

In this year a great naval battle was fought between the
Danes of Dublin and Niall Mac Eochada, prince of Ulidia, in
which the Danes were defeated with immense slaughter, and
great numbers of them made captives and their ships taken from
them. In A. D. 1023, the Danes of Dublin led their forces to Sitric III. , Danish king of Dublin, having gone on a pilgrimage to
In 1028, Flanagan O'Kelly, prince of Bregia, and Sitric, son of
• Leinster, and Ivar was slain. In 1035, Ardbraccan was plundered by Sitric, and Swords was plundered and burned, in retaliation, by Conor O'Melaghlin.
In 1037, Skreen and Duleek, in Meath, were plundered by the Danes of Dublin ; and in 1038, the island of Raghlin, off the coast of Antrim, was laid waste by the Danes.
Christ Church founded by the Danes. —According to Ware,
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 533
sessed most of white-walled buildings, fair, well Intestine commotions arose in the country after the roofed castles, and Coarb's seats (Abbacies), of death of Cormac, some of the people supporting any of the descendants of Eoghan More, died. Callachan, the son of Teige, who claimed to take
slain in England, and was succeeded by his son, Sitric IV. In A. D. Godred Crovan. —According the Chronicles Mann, John 1038, according to Ware and Lanigan, and the Liber Niger, or Black stone's Celto-Normanic Antiquities, Godred Crovan, son Harold
Book of Trinity Church, Dublin, this Danish king, Sitric, in con junction with Donatus, an Ostman or Dane, then bishop of Dub
lin, founded the Cathedral of Christ Church, which Sitric amply endowed, conferring on it the lands of Baldoyle, Raheny, and Por
trane, with all their produce, cattle and corn, and the services of the villeins or serfs attached to those lands “ cum villanis et vac
the Black, Iceland, descendant the kings powerful fleet, conquered the Isle Mann
ruled over the Isle of Mann and the Hebrides.
Norway, with 1056, and In 1068 he sub
cis et bladis,” and he also gave gold and silver sufficient to build
the Cathedral. In A. D. 1035, according to Inisfallen, Sitric brides, and was succeeded king Mann by his son Lagmann,
having left the government of Dublin, went across the sea, and was succeeded by a chief named Eachmarcach, probably Emeric ; and in 1038, Ivar, the son of Harold, succeeded Emeric as Danish king of Dublin. According to Ware, Sitric IV. died A. D. 1042,- and was succeeded by Aulaf; this was Aulaf VII.
In A. D. 1045, Ivar, the son of Harold, and the Danes of Dub
lin attacked the Island of Raghlin, off the coast of Antrim, and
slew 300 of the Ultonians. In 1046, Ivar, the son of Harold, was
expelled from Dublin by the Danes, and was succeeded as king by
Emeric, son of Reginald. About this time, according to the Saga
of Snorro, Thorfin, earl of Orkneys, son of earl Sigurd, who had been
slain at Clontarf, with powerful forces of Norwegians, made hos
tile expeditions to the coasts of Ireland, and fought great battles
with the Irish Danes at Waterford ; this Thorfin ruled over the
northern half of Scotland, while his ally Macbeth was king in the
south. About this period also, various expeditions of the Irish to
Wales are mentioned in the Welsh Chronicles of Caradoc, of Lan
carvan, and in Ware and Hammer. The Irish were allied with the
different Welsh princes who were contending for the sovereignty of
Wales, and Conan ap Jago, prince of North Wales, was married to
Ranulpa, daughter of Aulaf, Danish king of Dublin ; Conan was
expelled from Wales by Griffith ap Lewellyn, who usurped the
government, but Conan being joined by his father-in-law Aulaf,
they collected their forces from Dublin, and sailed to Wales about
A. D. 1045, and having defeated Griffith, took him prisoner, but
he was soon after rescued by his own men, and the forces of Aulaf feated the Danes Dublin, Wexford, and Waterford, who had
dued Dublin and great part Leinster with powerful forces; this time Murrogh, before mentioned, was king Dublin, but ap pears have been dispossessed Godred, and died 1070. Godred Crovan died 1076, the Island Ila the He
who, after reign seven years, set out pilgrimage Jeru salem, where he died.
Battle Odhbha. -In 1072, Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king Leinster and Leath Mogha, and the Danes Dublin, led his forces Meath against Conor O'Melaghlin, king Meath,
and they fought fierce battle Odhbha, now Dowth, between Drogheda and Slane, which the forces king Dermod were totally defeated, and many hundreds the Lagenians and their
were defeated with great slaughter, and he and Conan fled to their ships and returned to Dublin. In A. D. 1050, Conan collected another force in Ireland, and attempted to recover Wales, but his fleet was destroyed by a storm; various other expeditions of the Irish into Wales, from A. D. 1050 to 1060, are related by Han Iner.
In A. D. 1052, Dermod Mac Maolmambo, king of Leinster, led his forces to Fingal, and burned the entire country about Dublin, and he fought a great battle with the Danes at their fortress, where great numbers were slain, and he remained in Dublin until Emeric, son of 18eginald, king of the Danes, went beyond the sea, and Dermod thembecame king over the Danes. Murrogh, the son of Maolnambo, soon after was appointed king over the Danes of Dublin, and he and his father were the first Irish kings who as sumed authority over the Danes, but from this period, for a cen tury afterwards, these Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster, were generally styled kings of Dublin. This Murrogh Mac Murrogh died A. D. 1070, and in 1075 is recorded in the Four Masters the death of Donal Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster and of Dublin. In A. D. 1955, Guthorm or Gorm, a Norwegian Iarl, and famous war rior, is mentioned in the Saga of Snorro as having come to Dublin with powerful forces, and entered into alliance with Murchard, an
Irish king, who, no doubt, was Murchad or Murrogh above men tioned, king of Dublin. Gorm and Murrogh with their combined forces and a large fleet sailed to Wales, and, having plundered the
country, they took away an immense quantity of silver and other booty, but Murrogh having attempted to appropriate the spoils himself, Gorm resisted, and they fought great battle, which
Murrogh was defeated. Gorm got such vast quantity silver, that offered tenth part St. Olaf, and his return
gone with great forces plunder Cork. About A. 1090, Mur togh O'Brien, king Munster, who had been king over the Danes Dublin, again assumed authority over them, and fought some
battles with the forces Godfrey Meranagh some these con tests are related the Chronicle Mann, but the chronology not correct, Godfrey confounded with another king Mann named Godred, who lived about 50 years after that time.
Battles Leinster and Dublin. —In 1094, Murtogh O'Brien, king Munster, with the forces Munster, Ossory, and Leinster, marched Dublin, and Donal O'Loghlin, king Aileach, with the forces Tyrone and Tirconnell, and Donal O'Melaghlin, king Tara, with the men Meath, and Donogh O'Eochy, prince
Ulidia, marched the plain Leinster, burned Oughterard Kildare, and gained great victory over the men Munster and the Lagenians. Murtogh O'Brien and the men Munster, again came Dublin, and expelled Godfrey Meranagh, the Danish king, having defeated his forces, and stated that had fleet 90 ships; Murtogh O'Brien then appointed his own son Donal, king over the Danes Dublin. 1095, the nobility the Isle Mann sent embassy king Murtogh O'Brien, requesting would send one his family ruler the Island; appointed his nephew Donal, son Teige O'Brien, king Mann, but consequence his tyranny, the Manks and Hebridians expelled him from the Island. Godfrey Meranagh died soon after his ex pulsion from Dublin, and his death recorded the Four Masters
Norway, had formed out the silver image Christ feet Stanihurst, Hanmer, and others, number Danes Ostmen high, which placed the church St. Olaf. came Dublin, and obtained either from Mac Murrogh, king
allies the Danes were slain, and Dermod himself was killed and decapitated. This battle was fought Tuesday, the 7th the Ides February, according the Four Masters, who quote some verses from one the ancient bards, praise the cele brated and heroic king Dermod, saying, that after his death there was profit pleasure, gladness peace.
Godfrey Meranagh. -About 1073, Godfrey Meranagh, who appears have been relative Godred Crovan, king the Isle Mann, became Danish king Dublin; was Godfrey
IV. , and ruled over Dublin many years, but his authority was contested by the O'Briens, kings Munster. A. 1075, Dublin was taken Murtogh O'Brien, prince Thomond, son
Torlogh O'Brien king Munster. Murtogh O'Brien becameking over the Danes Dublin, and appears have ruled over them about ten years 1085, but Godfrey Meranagh the same
time was acknowledged by the Danes king Dublin.
1088, the people Iveagh Munster, the south Cork, de
1095, having taken place prevailed over Europe that year, and the people Ireland were carried off
the awful plague which stated, that one-fourth that pestilence. Donal
O’Brien ruled over the Danes Dublin for about 24 years,
1118, when became monk. About A. D. 1096, according
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534 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
possession of the country, on account of his se ment the country the strength his father’s niority; another party supported Cormac, the son patent; and the third party supported the young of Dermod, son of Teige, who sought the govern sons this Cormac, the son Teige, son Cor
Leinster, or from Murtogh O'Brien, king of Munster, a district on proach they perceived great drove cattle coming on, the north side of the city adjoining the Liffey, which from this which the Irish delivered up the Northmen. was
colony was called Ostmantown, and in after times Oatmantown Green, and comprised districts in St. Michan's and St. Paul's parishes, extending from the Four Courts to the Park, along Stoneybatter, Grangegorman, Prussia-street, Arbour Hill, &c. ; which districts in those days were mostly covered with a great oak forest, and it is stated that king William Rufus obtained some of this oak to make the ceiling and roof of Westminster Hall, either from Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, or Murtogh O'Brien,
king of Munster; and about this time the church of St. Michan's in Dublin, was founded by Michan, an Ostman or Dane.
now about noon-day, and the Northmen prepared return their ships, but when they came the marshes, the Irish, who had formed ambuscade adjoining wood, suddenly rushed with fierce assault the foreigners. King Magnus ordered
Eyvinder, his chief commander, sound the trumpet and sum mon all his men the royal standard, and his warriors close their ranks with serried shields until they passed the swamps and came the plains, where they would safe. Magnus and his men made their way old fort entrenchment, which they reached with difficulty, and being fiercely pursued the
Battle of Moycoba. —In A. D. 1100, Murtogh O'Brien, king Irish, the Northmen were slaughtered great numbers. The
of Munster, with great forces, and a powerful fleet of the Danes, invaded Ulster, and proceeded to Easroe, in Tyrconnell, and to Der ry, but they were defeated with great slaughter by the son of Mac
king seeing certain champion, man from Upland, Sweden, name Thorgrim, called him, saying, “Do you with your cohort cross the rampart, and while doing we will defend you, and when you have passed occupy the opposite hill, and drowned. About A. D. 1098, Magnus, king of Norway, also be with your skilful archers attack the enemy, until we pass on
Loghlin, prince of Aileach, and great numbers of them were slain and
came king of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Mann; he made expeditions to the coast of Ireland, and in 1102, came with his
ward. ” Thorgrim and his followers crossed the foss, but imme diately placing their shields their backs, fled their ships. The king perceiving their flight, exclaimed—“Is thus you fly,
forces and a large fleet to Dublin. The men of Ireland marched
in great numbers to Dublin to attack Magnus, and his Danes and
Norwegians, who had come to ravage Ireland, on which they made
peace for one year with the Irish, and king Murtogh O'Brien en fought with great valour, but while defending himself against
tered into an alliance with Magnus, and gave his daughter Bebinn in marriage to Sigurd, son of Magnus, with much wealth and great presents, and Sigurd was appointed, by his father, king of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Mann. It may be mentioned as a remarkable circumstance, that in the reigns of George II. and III. some of the ladies of the O'Brien family, earls of Thomond, be came countesses of Orkneys by intermarriage with the Hamiltons, earls of Orkneys. In A. D. 1103, Magnus, king of Norway, with a great fleet, some say sixteen ships, others sixty, and powerful forces invaded Ireland, for the purpose of making a conquest of
numbers, was transfixed the thrust javelin through
both thighs, above the knees, but drawing out the weapon with
his own hands, broke between his feet, exclaiming, Thus we young warriors can break these twigs; fight bravely, my men, and fear danger for me. ” Soon after, however, the dauntless king received powerful stroke battle-axe the neck, and fell. On the death Magnus, the remnant the Nor wegians fled their ships, but Vidkunner, the son John, killed the man who had given the mortal blow Magnus, after had himself received three severe wounds, but succeeded carrying off the ships the king's sword and the royal standard. An immense number the Northmen, together with their king, were slain, and also several Iarls, Swerker, Eyvinder, Ulfr, Dago, and other chiefs, and the remnant fled their ships along with Sigurd, son Magnus, earl Orkneys. King Magnus, who was
the country, and it is stated in the Chronicle of Mann, and by
Ware and Hanmer, that Magnus sent his messengers to king
Murtogh O'Brien, with a pair of his shoes, commanding him to
carry them on his shoulders, in his court, in the presence of the
ambassadors, on Christmas day, as a token of his subjection and
homage. This insolent messageof the Norwegian king raised the then about the 40th year his age, represented having been
Irish to resistance, and Magnus and his forces having overrun a
great part of the country, proceeded to Ulster, where they were
opposed by the Ultonians, and in a fierce battle fought at Moy
coba, near Downpatrick, on St. Bartholomew's day, the 24th of carried his arm red shield, on which was impressed the image
August, 1103, the Norwegians were defeated, and almost slain, together with king Magnus himself, who, according some ac counts, was buried near Downpatrick, but according other statements, the cathedral that place. An interesting account
the expedition and death Magnus given from the Icelandic Saga, Johnstone's Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities, from which the following particulars have been collected :-King Magnus
fought many battles with the Irish, but was resisted with great bravery, and length entered into truce with the men Ulster, and prepared his ships sail Norway, condition that the Irish would give him large supply cattle, killed for the support his men. The eve St. Bartholomew's day, the 23d August, was the time appointed for the Irish supply the cattle, but not having fulfilled their promise, Magnus, with his forces, disembarked St. Bartholomew's day, see about the cattle. The day was calm and beautiful—the sun shining serenely the heavens; they travelled over marshes and bogs, making their way little bridges, constructed rough hewn poles and pieces
timber, and through dense woods, and having length reached hill, from which they had extensive prospect, they perceived distance immense cloud dust, such that produced
body horsemen some said these were the Irish forces and Lagenians subjection, appointed his son Conor king coming attack them, others considered they were messengers Dublin, but Conor O'Conor was expelled year two after coming with the proposed supply cattle, and nearer ap from Dublin. At this time Torlogh O'Conor was king Con
you coward was fool prefer you command instead Sigurd, the swiftfooted, who would not thus desert me. ” Magnus
man great strength, fine form, and handsome features, and his dress and appearance are described follows, the Saga Snorro :—King Magnus had his head covered with helmet, and
golden lion; wore his belt sword surpassing sharp ness, the name which was Legbitir, signifying the Limb-cutter; the hilt was ivory, and the handle ornamented with gold, twisted form his hand held javelin, and over his coat mail wore short silken cloak, scarlet colour, which was interwoven the image lion, worked yellow silk, and
acknowledged that whether viewed back front, none could seen superior him strength body, dignity, and beauty.
1103, the Danes Dublin were defeated with great
slaughter, and Torstan, the son
and many other chiefs were slain.
and the Danes Dublin gained
nians, which Donogh O'Maolnambo, prince Hy Kinsellagh, and Conor O'Conor, prince Offaly, with many others, were slain.
1118, Torlogh O'Conor, king Connaught, led his
forces Dublin, and having defeated the Danes, carried off the hostages they had their hands, and also Donal O'Melagh
lin, son
the Danes
O'Brien.
marched with his forces Dublin, and having reduced the Danes
Eric, Paul, the son Amand,
1115. Donal O'Brien great victory over the Lage
the king Tara; and O'Conor then became king over Dublin, for about seven years, successor Donal 1126, Torlogh O'Conor, king Connaught,
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 535
mac Oge, son of Cormac, son of Teige Mac mond Mac Peirce; but notwithstanding that, Carthy, and his mother Judith, the daughter of Cormac, the son Teige, son Dermod, suc Pierce-na-Buile, the son of James, son of Ed ceeded.
naught, and afterwards became monarch Ireland, but appears was able exercise only limited authority over the Danes Dublin, who had the same time their own lords, and several
the Norwegian earls the Orkneys, the Hebrides, and Isle Mann, became Danish kings Dublin. 1124, according the Annals Ulster, Thorfinn, son Thorkil, king the
Danes Dublin, died the prime life, sudden disease;
thy, Desies and Waterford. the same year, Cormac Mac Carthy led his forces against O'Brien and the Danes Limerick.
Battles Meath, &c. —In A. D. 1138 the Methians and Lage nians, together with the Danes, proceeded Inismochta, now Inis mott, Meath, the borders Louth, the lake Ballyhoe, and great numbers them having crossed over their boats, and some by swimming the lake, attacked and plundered the island and abbey, but the people the island having sailed their boats, attacked them, and slew and drowned great numbers them, and expelled the rest from the island. 1140 the Danes Dublin gained victory over the Danes Waterford, and slew the grandson Tomar. A. D. 1141, Conor O'Brien, prince Thomond, led his forces Dublin, and the Danes re ceived him their king. A. D. 1142, Oittir, lord the Danes
the Hebrides, came with great forces Ireland, and took and plundered Kells and Dublin. 1146 the Danes Dublin were defeated with great slaughter the men East Meath, and 200 them were slain, together with Reginald, high steward Dublin, the son Thorkil, and another chief named Humphrey. This was Reginald II. , Danish king Dublin, and was succeeded by Oittir, Danish lord the Hebrides, who was killed D. 1148
the sons MacThorkil. the sameyear Ceallach O'Kelly, lord Bregia, was slain Flaherty O'Casey, and the Danes Dublin. Battle Wales. —About 1147, according Ware and
Hanmer, from the Welsh Chronicles, Owen Gwynneth, prince Wales, and his brother Cadwallader, having come Ireland, col lected great force Irish and Danes from Dublin, under Oittir their king, with body Scots called Red Shanks, and they went
Wales, but peace having been concluded between the two brothers, Oittir and the Irish kept Cadwallader prisoner until he would pay the two thousand marks had promised for their ser vices, and lieu compelled him deliver two thousand head
cattle; but prince Owen attacked the Danish forces, slew great number them, and recovered the cattle, and the remnant
appears the Danes restored
have been one the earls Orkneys. D. , 1127, Dublin carried off the shrine St. Columkille, but its own church month afterwards. A. D.
1130, the precious relics and valuable articles Clonmacnois were found with the Danes Limerick, after they had been carried off
Dane named Giolla Comghain, who was hanged O'Brien, king Munster.
Battle Fennor, &c. —In A. D. 1133, Donogh O'Carroll, prince
Oirgiall, with great force the men Louth and Farney, marched into Fingall, and defeated the Danes with great slaughter
Fionnabhair, and amongst the slain were Reginald, the son Paul, and many other chiefs. This battle was fought Fennor,
Meath, near the Boyne, about mile two south Slane. 1133, Conor O’Melaghlin, son the king Meath, was
slain battle by Donogh Mac Giollamocholmoge, heir presump tive the kingdom Leinster, and the Danes Dublin, but Giollamocholmoge was slain month after the men Meath, and they burned the stone church Lusk, full people and valuable articles, revenged the Fingallians for the death O'Melaghlin; and Murrogh O’Melaghlin, king Meath, avengethe loss his son, laid waste Fingall andeastern Leinster.
Battles Dublin. —About 1135, Murogh Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster, had great contentions with the Danes Dublin, over whom assumed authority, and having exercised great tyranny them, and exacted large tributes, they, re venge,according Camden and others, sent for Godred, king Mann and the Islands, rule over them, and he having arrived with his fleet, they received him with great joy, and appointed him king. Mac Murrogh collected his forces, encamped his chief town, Cortchelis (probably Carlow), and detached three thou sand his cavalry, under command his uterine brother, O'Sib len, who was prince Offaly, Dublin, against Godred they fought furious battle, which the Irish were defeated, and O'Siblen himself, with great number his forces, were slain. These circumstances are mentioned the Chronicle Mann, but their chronology not correct, and they confound Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, with Murtogh O'Brien, king Munster. This Godred was son Aulaf, and grandson Godred Crovan, who had been king Dublin and the Isle Mann, before men tioned. Godred II. did not long remain king Dublin, but re turned the Isle Mann; was married Finguala, daughter
Murtogh MacLoughlin, king Ulster, and died 1189, and was buried Iona; his daughter, Afreca, was married John
the Danes returned Dublin. Gray, one poem from the Welsh this subject:
“Owen's praise demands my song, Owen swift, and Owen strong
Fairest flower Roderick's stem, Gwyneth's shield and Britain's gem. Big with hosts mighty name, Squadrons three against him came, This the force Erin hiding,
Side by side, proudly riding,
On her shadow, long and gay, Lochlin plows the watery way; There the Norman sails afar
Catch the winds and join the war; Black and huge along they sweep, Burthens the angry deep. Dauntless on his native sands
The Dragon-Son Mona stands; glittering arms and glory drest,
his Odes, gives
Courcy, earl Ulster. According
Stanihurst, and Grace, the Danes
apparently reconciled Mac Murrogh
invited him banquet, they treacherously slew him, about
1140, and, contempt, buried his body along with that dog; his son, Dermod Mac Murrogh, many years after, avenged
his death the Danes, and conjunction with his Anglo-Nor man allies, under Strongbow, &c. , took from the Danes the city Dublin. About this time, according Hanmer, there was famous warrior named Harold, who was brought amongst the Danes Ireland, and was supposed son Magnus, king Norway; collected great forces, went Norway, and the Norwegians made him their king, but was soon after slain.
Battle Waterford. —In 1137, Dermod Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster, Conor O'Brien, prince the Dalcassians, together with the Danes Dublin and Wexford, brought their
forces sea, with fleet 200 ships, and attacked and took Waterford, and they carried off the hostages Donogh Mac Car
the battle's roar.
the Chronicles Hanmer, Dublin afterwards became their king, and having
High rears his ruby crest.
There the thundering strokes begin, There the press, and there the din; Talymalfra's rocky shore
Echoing
Where his glowing eye-balls turn, Thousand banners round him burn; Where points his purple spear, Hasty, hasty, Rout there, Marking with indignant eye,
Fear stop, and shame fly.
There Confusion, Terror's child, Conflict fierce, and Ruin wild, Agony, that pants for breath, Despair, and honorable death. ”
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536 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583. -
The bishop of Kerry (James Fitz Maurice, full of wisdom; his origin was of the Clan Peirce, bishop of Ardfert), died, namely, James the son of viz. , the tribe of Raymond (Raymond le Gros), the
Richard, son of John, and that bishop was a vessel
In A. D. 1149 Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and the DanesofDublin,laidwasteDuleek,andslewDermod,sonofMa nus O'Loghlin, tanist of Aileach, and his body was buried in Armagh. In the same year Donogh O'Carroll, prince of Oirgiall, and O'Loghlin, prince of Aileach, marched their forces to Dublin, and Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, came to their camp, and a peace was established between the Danes and Irish. In A. D. 1150 Torlogh O'Brien, king of Munster, marched with his forces to Dublin, and the Danes came to his camp, and made their submission to him
son of William (Fitzgerald), son of Gerald, and
king of Ireland ever had been before; and he presented the Danes withfourthousandoarema,sarewardfortheirserviceandsub mission to him; the Danes, on that occasion, proceeded with their forces, along with king Roderick, as far as Drogheda, where Donogh O'Carroll and the chiefs of Oirgiall came to his camp, and gave him hostages. In the same year, Tiarnau O'Rourke, with the men of Brefney, and Dermod O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, with the men of Meath, the Danes of Dublin, and some of the La genians, marched to Hy Kinsellagh, and they expelled Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, beyond the sea, and destroyed
Battle at sea on the Coast of Ulster. —In A. D. 1154, Torlogh
O'Conor, king of Connaught, with a great fleet and powerful
forces, sailed along the coasts of Connaught to Ulster, and laid
waste Tirconnell and Inisowen; but the people of Tirconnell and
Tyrone collected their forces under Murtogh O'Loghlin, prince of
Aileach, and hired a Danish fleet from Arrann, Cantyre, the He Reginald, the son of Reginald, lord of the Danes of Dublin, came
brides, and Isle of Mann, under the command of Mac Scelling, their Admiral, and when they arrived at Inisowen a fierce naval battle was fought between them, which continued from daylight till noon, and a great number of the Conacians were slain, together
with one thousand horsemen. In A. D. 1169, Dermod O’Melagh lin, king of Meath, of Offaly, of Offelan, and of the Danes of Dublin, was slain by Donal O'Melaghlin, and the men of Bregia.
English Invasion. —Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, in consequenceof his abduction of Dervorgilla, daughter of Mur victory was ultimately gained over the foreign fleet, and an im togh O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, and wife of Tiarnan O’Rourke,
with their chief commander, Cosmamhach O'Dowd, but a great
mense number of their forces were slain, and their ships taken; Mac Scelling's teeth were all drawn, as a punishment for his having lost the battle. In the same year Murtogh O'Loghlin marched with his forces to Dublin, and the Danes submitted to him as their king, on which he presented them with 1200 cows, as a reward for their services.
In A. D. 1156 Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and the Danes of Dublin, and Donogh O'Melaghlin, with their united forces, laid waste Meath, and took away great spoils and preys of cattle from Ardbraceam, Slane, Tailten, Donoghpatrick, &c. ; and in the same year a victory was gained in Cuasan, at Lios Luighidh
in Hy Laoghaire in Meath, against Tiarnan O'Rourke and the men of Brefney, by Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, assisted by the Danes of Dublin and the men of Meath, under Donogh O'Melaghlin, and great numbers of the Brefnians and of their chiefs | were slain. . In A. D. 1157, Murtogh O'Loghlin, king of Ulster, marched with his forces to Leinster, to Desmond, and to Tho mond, and compelled their kings and princes to give him hostages and tribute, and having reduced the Dalcassians to subjection, he
prince of Brefney, and his having committed various other acts of violence, was attacked by the forces of king Roderick O'Conor and of O’Rourke, prince of Brefney, and being defeated, was forced to fly from Ireland, in A. D. 1166; having gone to England, he sought the aid of king Henry II. , and having obtained some forces,
he returned in A. D. 1167, according to the Four Masters, with an army of Foreigners from England, and fought some battles in Wex
ford and Carlow with the forces of king Roderick O'Conor and Tiernan O’Rourke, and it is stated that in one of these battles, Griffin, or Griffith, son of the king of Wales, one of the most
famous warriors of the British Islands, was slain on the side of Mac Murrogh. In A. D. 1169, according to the Four Masters, a fleet of the Flemish, or people of Flanders, came from England to the assistance of Dermod Mac Murrogh, and sixty of them were covered with coats of mail. Roderick O'Conor and Tiarnan O'Rourke, aided by the men of Meath and the Danes of Dublin, had some conflicts in Leinster with Mac Murrogh and his foreign allies, and they compelled him to give his son as a hostage to O'Conor. In A. D. 1169, according to some accounts, or 1170, according to others, Richard de Clare, earl of Pembroke, com monly called Strongbow, collected his forces in Wales, and came to the assistance of Dermod Mac Murrogh, who, in the year 1170, gave his daughter Eva in marriage to Strongbow, at Waterford, with the reversion of the kingdom of Leinster. King Dermod also
attacked Limerick, which was delivered to him by the Danes, and
having expelled Torlogh O'Brien, they accepted O'Loghlin as their
king. In A. D. 1160, Brodar, son of Thorkil, king of the Danes of
Dublin, was slaim in battle by Maolcron Mac Giollasechnaill, and
the men of South Bregia. In A. D. 1161 Murtogh O'Loghlin,
king of Ulster, having led his forces through Brefney, and to Lic obtained the assistance of various other Anglo-Norman chiefs of blagh in Westmeath, the Danes of Dublin, and the Lagenians, with Wales, as Robert Fitzstephen, Maurice Fitzgerald, Myler Fitz their king, Dermod Mac Murrogh, came to his camp, and made Henry, Hervey de Montmorency, Maurice Prendergast, David de their submission. In the same year, Donal Cavenagh Mac Mur Barry, &c. , and these, with their forces, amounting to about 500 rogh, and the men of Hy Kinsellagh, defeated the Danes of Wex men, knights, archers, &c. , according to Hammer, landed in three ford with great slaughter. In A. D. 1162, Murtogh O'Loghlin, ships at the Bay of Bannow, or Bag-and-Bun, in the county of king of Ulster, at the head of the Northern Irish, the men of Wexford, in May, 1169. According to the Annals of Inisfallen,
Meath, and some Conacians, laid waste Fingall, and marched to Dublin against the Danes, but peace was soon afterwards made be tween the Danes and the Irish, and 140 ounces of gold were given by the Danes to O'Loghlin, and 100 ounces of gold were given to Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, by Dermod O'Melaghlin, as a tribute for Westmeath.
Battle in Scotland. —In A. D. 1164, according to Innisfallen, the Danes of Dublin were slaughtered in great numbers by the men of Scotland, and Sorley, the son of Giollabrighde, king of the Hebrides, and of Cantyre, together with his son, Giollabrighde, were slain.
Maurice Fitzgerald had a force of ten Knights, thirty Esquires, and 1000 Archers, thus amounting in all to 1040 men, which is more than twice the number stated by Hammer and others. King Dermod, who was then at Ferns, joined them with a force of 500 picked men, and these combined troops attacked the town of Wex ford, which was bravely defended by the Danish and Irish inha bitants for three days, but was at length taken. Dermod having collected a powerful army, amounting to 3000 men, according to the account of Maurice Regan, king Dermod's secretary, as given in Harris's Hibernica, marched, together with his English allies, against Donal Mac Gillpatrick, prince of Ossory, whose forces he defeated, after great slaughter on both sides, and Dermod ravaged various parts of Leinster. In 1170, on the first of May, Ray
In A. D 1166, Roderick O'Conor, king of Connaught, and mo–
narch of Ireland, marched with his forces, consisting of the Co
nacians, the men of Meath and of Teffia, to Dublin, and was re mond le Gros, and other Anglo-Norman leaders, landed at the ceived there as king, with greater honour and dignity than any Rock of Dundonnell, or Dundrone, in Wexford, a few miles from
his fortress at Ferns, in revenge of the carrying off of the wife of O'Rourke. In A. D. 1167, Roderick O'Conor assembled a great national convention of the princes, bishops, clergy, and people of Meath, Ulster, and Connaught, at Athboy, in Meath, which was
attended by thirteen thousand horsemen, and amongst thosé
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 537
that William, the son of Gerald, whom we have guards, was struck the head with sure aim by mentioned, was brother of Maurice (Fitzgerald), the shot ball through his helmet, that who came in the first invasion, from the king of was thrown from his horse; his party, however, England into Ireland, to aid Dermod Mac Mur carried off the prey, but left John behind them; rogh, king of Leinster, and from him (William), are was afterwards brought Limerick, where was descended most of the Geraldines of Clan Maurice hanged by the commissioners Limerick.
(the Fitz Maurices, earls of Kerry). Mac Teige, Ormond, (in Tipperary), O'Keeffe (of Cork, see note on Desmond), i. e. Conor-an-Chuain (of the harbour), the son
Art, the son of Donal, son of Art, son of Owen, a Teige, grandson Mahon Dunn O'Kennedy,
distinguished man, was killed; and his son Art Oge
was appointed his successor.
The son of Mac Auliffe (of Cork), namely,
Donogh Baun, the son of Malachy, son of Dermod, son of Malachy, and his brother's son Teige, the son of Conor, fell by each other.
John Carrach, the son of William, son of Theo bald Burke, an heir to a property along the river Suir Tipperary), who continued treason till this time, came protection; after the death the earl Desmond, went pursuit prey into the country the Geraldines, and did nothalttill arrived Adare (in Limerick), where collected
Waterford, near the river Suir, with force, said, about side the Irish were, Cathal O'Donoghoe, lord Lough Lein, 130 knights and archers, and being joined by the Anglo-Normans Artgal O'Riordan, Ivor Mac Cathail, Coillen O’Cullen, Donogh
Wexford under Hervey Montmorency, they attacked Water O'Mahony, and Mac Con O'Driscoll, with many others.
the cattle the town; the guards the town
rose out attack the plunderers; John with his
small party horsemen, having turned the Onora, the daughter Donal, son Conor, son
ford, which was defended the Danish and Irish inhabitants, who were defeated, said, chiefly stratagem the English,
who had collected together great number cows, which they
further stated that Mac Carthy defeated them
On the 18th October, 1171, not 1172, stated by several historians, king Henry II. landed
three battles. erroneously
Waterford drove furiously against the approaching troops, who were dis with fleet 400 sail, according Littleton, but only 240 ships
comfited with great loss, and amongst the slain was O'Ryan, lord Idrone, Carlow. Amongst the prisoners were seventy the
according others, and force 4000 cavalry, men-at-arms, and 500 knights; was attended Strongbow, Hugh Lacy, afterwards lord Meath, William Fitz-Adelm de Burgo, ancestor
principal citizens Waterford, whose limbs were first broken by
the English, and their bodies then cast over the rocks into the
sea. 1170, the 23d August, the eve St. Bartholomew's rickard, together with several other Anglo-Norman barons.
day, Strongbow landed Waterford with force 1500 men, according some accounts, but the Annals Inisfallen say 200 knights, and 2000 archers. These forces consisted knights, archers, and cavalry, called men-at-arms, who were all covered with armour, helmets, coats mail, &c. These were joined
the troops Raymond Gros, and the next day they attacked and took Waterford, which was then governed two Danish
chiefs, named Reginald and Smorth, who defended the city with their Danish forces, aided the Irish, under Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies. The Anglo-Normans were twice repulsed, but took the city the 25th August, and stated that 700 the Danes and Irish were slain, and amongst the prisoners were Reginald, the Danish king, and Malachy O'Felan, prince Desies, both whom they condemned death, but O’Felan's life was savedthrough the intercession Dermod Mac Murrogh, who ac
cording previous agreement arrived
King Henry having received the submission and homage Der mod Mac Carthy, king Desmond, Donal O’Brien, king Thomond, and other princes Munster and Leinster, proceeded
Dublin; account king Henry’s progress Ireland, and other matters connected with the English invasion, has been given
197, the notes Ormond and Desies. The following the last notice connected with the Danes Munster:—In A. D. 1174, the forces Strongbow and Raymond Gros having plun dered many parts Waterford and Cork, dispatched the booty
sea, Waterford, under the command Adam Hereford; the Danes Cork equipped thirty-five vessels, and attacked the English fleet near Dungarvan, but after severe engagement they lost the victory, chiefly through the valour Philip Welsh, who boarded the admiral's ship, and killed Gilbert, the son Tur gesius, the Danish commander. 1177, king Henry II. granted Robert Fitz-Stephen and Milo Cogan, for the ser vice sixty knights, himself and his son John, and their heirs, the entire kingdom Cork and Desmond, with the exception the city Cork and the adjoining cantreds, which belonged the Ostmen Danes that city, which the king resolved hold
his own hands.
Dublin taken the Anglo-Normans. —In 1170, Der mod Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, and his English allies,
and gave his daughter, Eva,
inheritance the kingdom
1170, according Inisfallen,
mond, receiving intelligence the taking
marchedwith his forces, and the chiefs Desmond,
English, and they fought fierce battle Waterford, which
marriage Leinster,
his successor. A. D.
Dermod Mac Carthy, greatnumbers fell both sides, and amongst the slain the
that day Waterford, Strongbow, with the
king Des Waterford, attack the
died; he was skilful, comfortable, and domestic man, without reproach through life; Philip, the son Dermod Rarofaladh O'Kennedy, was no minated the Mac Teige.
The son Mac Coghlan, Gerald, the son John, son Art, son Cormac, intelligent young man, was, his first assumption chivalry, slain the son O'Kennedy Fionn, namely, Murrogh, the son Bryan, son Donal.
The countess Roiste (de Roche), namely, Eveleen, the daughter Maurice, son David
Roche, the wife Donogh, the son
the earl Thomond, Conor O’Brien, died the Clonroad, and was buried
summer this year the monastery Ennis.
the Burkes, lords Connaught and earls Mayo and Clan
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|-
538 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
of Torlogh O'Brien, who had been wife of O'Conor Kerry, i. e. of Conor, died, and was buried on Inis Cathaigh (Iniscatry, an island in the mouth of the Shannon, in the county Clare, opposite Kerry).
The people of Nicholas Malby, and the sons the earl Clanrickard, namely, Ulick and John,
marched with very great force into Iochtar Tire (the Lower Country), and Umhall O'Malley, (barony Burrishoole, Mayo), and immense
was the booty they seized that expedition; they burned and completely plundered Cathair-na-Mart
(the Stone fortress the Oxen, now Westport Mayo), that occasion.
that, however, paid regard, but pierced
his body and speared his side, that left him dead the spot; and was with difficulty persons
could found convey him Athenry, where the beloved man was buried. The death of that
man was source heartfelt sorrow the people his own country, account his distinguished good sense, personal figure, lineage, hospitality,
nobleness, and good actions.
Mac William Burke, i. e. Richard the Iron, the son David, son Edmond, son Ulick,
man noted for depredations, conflicts, marches,
and valorous deeds, who often forced the dangerous The son the earl Clanrickard, i. e. John pass against his enemies, and who was also often
Burke, the son Rickard Saxanach, son the Heads, son Rickard, son
Ulick defeated, died; and Richard, the son Oliver,
son John, was appointed his successor.
O’Reilly, i. e. Hugh Conallach, the son Maol mora, son John, son Cathal, person who spent his period goverment without opposition, kill his brother account the partition ter and his time without misfortune, and who kept
ritory, for are mortal the hour this life; was lamentable that Ulick had not pondered his mind the saying “Gurbo maol gualagan brathair,”
Knock Tuagh, was unkindredly slain
Ulick his bro
ther, Ulick Burke, nocturnal attack. Alas! how woeful was that brother should be induced
Brefney without being endangered by the attacks his English and Irish neighbours while lived, died, and was buried the monastery Cavan; and his wife Isibel (Isabella) Barnwell, died, the out brother, and that person alone not host; same time along with him. The son that
that that shoulder bare (unprotected), with
having resolved take Dublin, marched with their combined for
city by assault, they massacred great numbers the inhabitants the midst their fortress. This event took place, according Maurice Regan, the festival St. Matthew the Apostle,
ces from Waterford, Wexford, and Ferns, according
Cambrensis, through the mountains Glendalough
According the account Maurice Regan, published
Hibernica, their forces were follows: Milo Cogan commanded Murrogh and earl Strongbow having entered Dublin, seized there
the vanguard the head lowed next with 800; men, thus making 4,500
700 men, and Raymond Gros fol the rere was earl Strongbow with 3000 the Anglo-Normans English. Der
great abundance provisions,
other valuable articles; after
Dermod returned Ferns, where
year. Milo Cogan was appointed the first English governor Dublin, and Strongbow having proceeded with his forces Meath and the borders Brefney, plundered and burned Clonard, Kells, Tailten, Slane, Kilskire, and other churches, and carried off many captives, and great spoils and preys cattle their camp. appears that this period there was co-operation between king Roderick O'Conor and the Danes Dublin, hence Roderick retired with his forces without defending the city. On the taking Dublin, the Danish king Asculph Mac Thorkil, with many the wealthy citizens, fled their ships the Liffey, and sailed the Isle Mann and Orkneys with their treasures and valuable effects. Asculph, determined attempt the recovery Dublin, collected
great force Danes and Norwegians from the Orkneys, He
brides, and Isle Mann, and, about Whitsuntide, 1171,
landed Dublin with fleet 60 ships and 10,000 men, accord
ing Regan; one their chief commanders was famous Nor wegian warrior immense strength, and gigantic stature;
mod Mac Murrogh had 1000 Irish chosen men, and his son, Donal Cavenagh, had another large body Irish, more than 1000,
their entire army thus amounting about 7000 men, well armed and disciplined. King Roderick O'Conor, with Tiarnan O’Rourke, prince Brefney, and Murtogh O'Carroll, prince Orgiall, led
wealth, gold and silver, and few days stay Dublin, king died the course the same
powerful army against the Lagenians and their English allies, and having encamped Clondalkin, they remained there prepared for battle for three days, but, according the Four Masters, accidental fire happened, Dublin the time, and the Danes who defended the fortress, having deceived the Conacians and Ulster forces, king Roderick retired without defending the city
giving battle the invaders who advanced against Dublin; Strongbow and Dermod encamped some distance, but Milo
Cogan came close the walls. Strongbow and Dermod sent Maurice Regan herald summon the city surrender, and demand 30 hostages. Asculph Mac Thorkil, then the
Giraldus Wicklow. Harris's
namely, the 21st September, 1170, and Dermod Mac
Danish king Dublin, prepared his forces defend the city, but
fearing the issue siege, promised deliver the city and
the hostages; the mean time Laurence O'Toole, then archbishop John the Mad furious. The Danish champions are thus de
Dublin, went the English camp intercede for the inhabi tants with Dermod Mac Murrogh, who was much incensed against them, the Danes having some years before ignominiously put death his father, Murrogh, king Leinster, and buried his body
derision, with that dog. The time parley having passed while they were disputing about the hostages, Milo Cogan and Raymond Gros led their troops suddenly and treacherously against undefended point the walls, and having entered the
scribed Hanmer from Cambrensis:—“They were all mighty men war, and well appointed after the Danish manner, being harnessed with good Brigandines, Jacks, and coats mail; their shields, bucklers, and targets were round and coloured red, and bound about with iron, and they seemed arms, were they no less mind, iron-strong and mighty. ” The garrison Dublin was commanded Miles and Richard Cogan, and they were assisted Irish prince named Giollamocholmoge, who lived
called some John Dene, and others John Wode, signifying
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 539
O’Reilly, namely John Roe, was endeavouring to sides plundering the town, for was that oc assume the government of the country, through casion O’Coinne (O'Quinn), and the son, Mac the influence of the English, in opposition to Hugh, together with many others, were slain by Edmond, the son of Maolmora, who was the senior O’Donnell.
according to the custom of the Irish, and the result Donogh, the son
was that the country and lordship were divided killed by the crew between the tribe of Maolmora. Bryan, the son
the Calvach O’Donnell, was Scottish fleet.
Donogh, son Cuchonacht, The son of O'Conor Sligo, i. e. Cahir, the son of son Cuchonacht Maguire, man who bore
Teige Oge, son of Teige, son of Hugh, was trea good name for nobleness and hospitality, died.
cherously slain by a party of the O’Harts.
The son of O'Conor Don, i. e. Torlogh, the son of Dermod, son of Carbry, son of Owen Caoch,
son of Felim Geangcach, died.
Teige Oge, the son of Teige O’Rourke, died in
imprisonment with O’Rourke, namely, Bryan, the
Great depredations were committed Sorley Buighe, the son Mac Donnell (of Antrim), by Hugh, the son Felim Bacach O'Neill, by Mac Quillan, and the English; Sorley Buighe, and his kinsmen, went pursuit the preys, and defeated
those before them, and took the preys from them; Hugh, the son Felim Bacach, was slain
son of Bryan, son of Owen.
Oilen-na-dTuath, i. e. Port-an-Oilein (now pro on that occasion, together with one two compa
bably Inishdooey, or Owey, off the north western nies the English, and the rest them fled coast of Donegal), was taken by Mac Sweeney of without prey victory.
the Districts i. e. Owen Oge, the son of Owen Torlogh, the son Donal O'Brien, and John Oge, son of Owen, son of Donal, from the sons of Roe, the son Hugh Conallach, son Maolmora
O’Reilly (of Cavan), went England, and were installed the degrees knighthood one day,
The town of O'Neill, i. e. of Torlogh Luinech,
namely, Srathban (Strabane, county of Tyrone),
was burned by O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh, the son of
Manus; and he did great damages to O’Neill be killed by the O'Malleys, Iniscaoil.
Donal, the son of Donogh, and the sons of Donal were slain there.
near Dublin. John le Dene, at the head of his Norwegians, gave a
furious assault at the east gate, afterwards called Dames-Gate,
from the ancient church of St. Mary les Dames, which was situ
ated there near the castle. The place was vigorously defendedby
Miles de Cogan, and after great numbers were slain on both sides,
de Cogan was repulsed; in the meantime Richard de Cogan ra Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince Brefney, Murrogh O'Carroll, prince
pidly rushed out at the south gate with his cavalry and charged the Danish forces in the rear, who were defeated with great slaugh
ter, and then fled to their ships. John the Furious, scorning to fly, fought with amazing valour, and slew great numbers with his
own hand; amongst his feats it is recorded by Regan and others,
that with a single blow of his battle-axe he cut off the thigh of an
English horseman, so that the limb fell to the ground on one side,
and the body on the other, but the heroic John at length overcome
by numbers was slain by Miles de Cogan and Walter de Riddlesford.
These events took place in the month of June, A. D. 1171, and it
is stated by Regan and others, that 2000 of the Danish forces were
slain in the attack on Dublin, and but few of the English; but the
Four Masters state that great numbers were slain on both sides,
and it is probable, therefore, that at least 1000 of the English fell
in the engagement. It appears the Anglo-Normans or English ments for the space fortnight. The city was defended by
were superior to the Danish forces in discipline, though not in valour,and gained their victories chiefly through the strength of their
cavalry who were covered with armour, and called Men-at-Arms, while the Danes had no horse troops to contend against them. Asculph attempting to escape to his ships was taken prisoner and brought back to Dublin, where refusing to pay a ransom his life; and uttering some threats defiance against the English,
with morebravery than prudence was their power, was order Miles Cogan hanged and beheaded the strand sight his own men, board their ships. Thus fell Asculph Mac Thorkil, last Danish king Dublin, and with him
strong garrison under earl Strongbow, Raymond Gros, Maurice Fitzgerald, Miles and Richard Cogan, Myler Fitz-Henry, Mau rice Prendergast, Robert Quincy, standard-bearer Leinster, Walter Riddlesford, &c. ; and they had also large force Irish allies from Leinster under Donal Cavenagh, son the late king Dermod Mac Murrogh, together with two chiefs from Wick low named Mac Geley and Auliff O'Carvy.