391 ; and at an early age he
entered!
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
A.
G.
) Responsa.
But there are excerpts from other works
MARCELLUS, SEX. VARIUS, a native of of his in the Digest, as a work entitled “ Publica"
Apameia, the husband of Julia Soemias, by whom (Dig. 3. tit. 2. s. 22), the object of which may be
he was the father of Elagabalus. (See genealogical collected from its being referred to under the title
table prefixed to CARACALLA. ] He frequently “De iis qui infamia notantur ;" on the office of a
discharged the duties of an imperial procurator, praesul (Dig. 4. tit. 4. n. 43); and on the office of
and was admitted into the senate. His various a consul, the fifth book of which is quoted by Mar-
designations, titles, and distinctions, have been cianus (Dig. 40. tit. 15. s. 1). Marcellus also
preserved in a bilinguar inscription discovered near commented on the writings of Salvius Julianus
Velitrae, which was published at Rome in 1765, (Dig. 4. tit. 4. s. 11), and on Pomponius (Dig. 7.
accompanied by a dissertation, and which are given tit
. 4. s. 29). Marcellus was commented on by
by Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 245. After him, Elagabalus Cervidius Scaevola (Dig. 24. tit. 1. s. 11) and
was originally called Varius Avitus Bassianus, and Ulpian. He is often cited by subsequent jurists,
he gave his name to the Thermae Varianue, placed especially Paulus and Ulpian, and by Modestinus,
by Victor in the xiiith Region. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. one of the latest of the jurists. There are 159 ex-
30. )
(W. R. ] cerpts from Ulpius Marcellus in the Digest. This
MARCELLUS, VICTOʻRIUS, was the per- notice differs in some matters from that of Zim-
eon to whom Quintilian dedicated his work, De mern, Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, vol ii. p.
Institutione Oratoria. He was apparently a man 358, whose authorities do not always agree with
of rank and learning. A son of Marcellus was his text.
(G. L. )
educated by Quintilian. (Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. , MARCIA'NA, the sister of Trajan, who, if we
Inst. i. proem. iii
. proem. vi. proem. xii
. fine. ) See may believe the panegyric of Pliny (Paneg. 84),
Dodwell, Ann. Quintil
. $ 27. Statius inscribed the was a woman of extraordinary merits and virtue.
third book of his Silvae to Marcellus. (W. B. D. ] She was the mother of Matidia, who was the mo-
MARCELLUS, U'LPIUS. The period of this ther of Sabina, the wife of the emperor Hadrian
jurist is determined by Capitolinus (Antonin. Pius, ĮMATIDIA), but we do not know the name of her
12), who states that Marcellus was one of the husband. We learn from Pliny that she received
legal advisers of the emperor Antoninus Pius, and from the senate the title of Augusta, which we also
enumerates with him, Salvius Valens, Javolenus. find upon coins and inscriptions ; and after her death
and others. It also appears from his own writings she was enrolled among the gods, and is therefore
that Marcellus lived under Pius, for he mentions a called Diva on coins and inscriptions. The year
decision of Aurelius Antoninus (Dig. 35. tit. 1. s. of her death is uncertain ; but it appears from one
48); if Aurelius Antoninus here means Pius, and inscription that she was alive in A. D. 106, and
not Marcus his successor. That he was living from another that she had ceased to live in A. D.
under the Divi Fratres, Marcus Antoninus and 115. It was in honour of her that Trajan gave
L. Verus, appears from a reference which he makes the name of Marcianopolis to a city in Lower
to an oration of the two emperors respecting tutors Moesia, on the Euxine. (Eckhel, vol. vi. p. 467,
giving security (satisdatio). The passage is a &c. )
citation by Ulpian from Marcellus, and the term
Divi may be, and appears to be, the addition of
Ulpian, and therefore does not prove that Marcellus
survived Marcus Antoninus (Dig. 26. tit. 2, s. 19).
Marcellus also quotes a judgment of Antoninus
Augustus (Dig. 28. tit. 4. 8. 3), by whom he means
M. Antoninus, as appears from his naming the
consuls Pudens and Pollio, who belong to A. D. 166.
The question turned upon a will, in which the
COIN OF MARCIANA.
testator had cancelled the names of the heredes in
his testament, and his property was claimed by the MARCIA. 1. Wife of M. Atilius Regulus,
fiscus as bona caduca. The case was argued who was consul a second time B. C. 256, in the first
before the emperor by the advocati of the fiscus Punic war. (Sil. Ital. vi. 403, 576. )
and the advocati of the claimants under the will. 2. The wife of C. Julius Caesar, the grandfather
The emperor's judgment was in favour of the equi- of the dictator, and the sister of Q. Marcius Rex,
table interpretation, but against the strict law. consul in B. c. 118. (Suet. Caes. 6. )
The conjecture that the Ulpius Marcellus, who 3. A vestal virgin, who was condemned along
commanded in Britain in the reign of Commodus, with Licinia in B. c. 113 by L. Cassius Longinus.
is the jurist, hardly needs refutation. The only For particulars and authorities see LICINIA, No. 2.
ground for it is the sameness of name, to which it 4. The second wife of M. Cato Uticensis, to
is objected that Dion Cassius, who speaks of the whom she bore many children, was the daughter of
military talent of Ulpius Marcellus, says nothing L. Marcius Philippus, consul B. c. 56. It was
of his legal reputation (Dion Cassius, lxxi. 8, and about the year B. c. 56 that Cato is related to have
the note of Reimarus). Besides this, it is very ceded her to his friend Q. Hortensius, with the
unlikely that a man who had been a jurist during I approbation of her father: some remarks upon this
a
## p. 940 (#956) ############################################
940
MARCIA GENS.
MARCIANUS.
es the empre
the unbassa
pate up the
Dobit and le
take blood's
bare prude
tian who
to give up hi
Intation as
invasion A
and Coastar
peront with
Ama,
provide a
Upon this
4 D. 451.
of Chalcedo
fete conde
Beleztatza
the Arabs
pece; and
ist tb
curious tale are made elsewhere. _[Vol. I. p. 648, B. C. 310. The only patrician family in this gens,
b. ] She continued to live with Hortensius till the as is remarked above, was that of CORIOLANUS:
death of the latter, in B. C. 50, after which she the names of the plebeian families in the time of
returned to Cato, who left her behind in Rome, the republic are CENSORINUS, CRISPUS, FIGULUS
placing his family and property under her care, LIBO, PHILIPPUS, RALLA, Rex, Rurus, RUTILUS,
vhen he fled from the city with the rest of the SeptimuS, SERMO, TREMULUS. The only cogno.
aristocratical party on Cacsar's approach in B. C. 49. mens which occur on coins are Censorinus, Libo,
(Appian, B. C. ii. 99 ; Plut. Cat. min. 25, 39, 52; Philippus. A few persons are mentioned without
Lucan, ii. 329, &c. )
any surname: they are given under MARCIUS.
5. The wife of Fabius Maximus, the friend of MARCIANUS, emperor of the East (A. D.
Augustus, learnt from her husband the secret visit 450-457), was the son of an obscure but respect-
of the emperor to his grandson Agrippa, and in-able man, who had served in the imperial annies.
formed Livia of it, in consequence of which she He was born either in Thrace or in Illyricum,
became the cause of her husband's death, A. D. 13 about A. D.
391 ; and at an early age he entered!
or 14. (Tac. Ann, i. 5. ) We learn from Ovid the imperial army. Of his earlier history we are
(Fast. vi. 802) that she belonged to the family of acquainted with a few trifling stories and adven-
the Philippi. Her name also occurs in the epistle tures. His way to fortune was slow, for in 421,
which Ovid addressed to her husband (Ex Pont at the age of thirty, he was still a common soldier,
j. 2).
or, perhaps, a non-commissioned officer. Some years
6. The daughter of Cremutius Cordus, who was afterwards he attached himself to the famoun
put to death in the reign of Tiberius, is spoken of general Aspar, and subsequently to his son Arda-
under CORDUB. [Vol. 1. p. 851, b. )
burius, as private secretary, obtaining, at the same
7. Marcia FURNILLA, the second wife of the time, the office of captain of the guards. During
emperor Titus, was divorced by her husband after fifteen, or perhaps nineteen years, he continued in
the death of their daughter Julia. (Suet. Tit. 4. ) the service of those eminent men, and found ample
Some commentators propose changing the name of opportunities for developing his military talents.
l'uruilla into Fulviu or Fulvilla, on the authority He accompanied Aspar in his unfortunate campaign
of a coin which bears the legend Pouisia Lebaoth. against Genseris, king of the Vandals in Africa, in
But the coin is of rather doubtful authority ; and 431, when he was made a prisoner of war; but on
even if it be genuine it may refer to Fulvia Plautilla, account of his reputation, and perhaps for services
the wife of Caracalla. It is very improbable that which history does not record, obtained his release,
a coin should be struck in honour of a woman that and returned to Constantinople. His history
had been divorced, and that the title of Augusta during the following nineteen years is veiled in
should be given to her. (Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 364. ) obscurity ; and it is only from subsequent events
MA'RCIA. 1. The mistress of Quadratus, that we are allowed to conclude that he distin-
who was slain by Commodus, became the favourite guished himself in no ordinary degree ; for the
concubine of Commodus himself. From her he emperor, Theodosius the Younger, having died in
adopted the title of Amazonius. She was one of 450, his widow, the celebrated Pulcheria, offered
the most active among the conspirators, who com- her hand and the imperial title to Marcian, on
passed his destruction. She subsequently became condition that he would not prevent her from con-
the wife of Eclectus, his chamberlain, also a continuing the state of virginity which she had
spirator, and was eventually put to death by hitherto enjoyed ; and Marcian, who was then
Julianus, along with Laetus, who also had been about sixty, consented to it gladly, and married
actively engaged in the plot. We are told appa- the chaste empress, who was then above fifty.
rently by Xiphilinus, that she was friendly to the At that time Marcian held the rank of tribune and
Christians, for whom, through her influence with senator ; and he was so favourably known among
;
the emperor, she procured many advantages. (Dion the people, that his elevation to supreme power
Cass. lxxii. 4, lxxiii. 16. ) [COMMODUS, ECLEC was received by them with applause and demon-
Tus, LAETUS, QUADRATUS. )
strations of joy. His coronation took place on the
2. The first wife of Septimius Severus. She 24th of August, 450; and the whole transaction,
died before her husband became emperor ; and as it seems, was so little premeditated, and was
after his elevation he erected statues to her memory. settled in so short a time, that Valentinian, the
(See authorities on SEVERUS. ) [W. R. ] emperor of Rome, was not even asked to give bis
MA'RCIA GENS, originally patrician, after consent, which he did, however, at a later period,
wards plebeian likewise. We also, but not so for he stood in great want of the assistance of a
frequently, find the name written Martius. This man like Marcian, who, to military renown, ac-
gens claimed to be descended from Ancus Marcius, quired in the war against the Vandals and Per
the fourth king of Rome (Suet. Caes. 6; Val. Max. sians, joined a kind disposition and accomplished
iv. 3. & 4; 08. Fast. vi. 803); and hence one of diplomatic skill.
its families subsequently assumed the name of Rex, Both the Eastern and the Western empire were
and the heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus then in great apprehension from the unbounded
Marcius were placed upon the coins of the gens. ambition and power of Attila, who had no sooner
[See the coins under CENSORINUS and Philippus. ] heard of the election of Marcian than he despatched
But notwithstanding the claims to such high an ambassadors to him, demanding, in an imperative
tiquity made by the Marcii, no patricians of this tone, the tribute which the younger Theodosius
name, with the exception of Coriolanus, are men- had engaged to pay annually to the king of the
tioned in the early history of the republic, and it Huns. “I have iron for Attila," was the em-
was not till after the enactment of the Licinian peror's stern answer, “but no gold. ” Upon this
laws that any inember of the gens obtained the Apollonius was sent into Attila's camp to negotiate
consulship. The first Marcius who reached this the continuance of peace, and was charged with
dignity was C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus, in presents for the barbarian, which he was to deliver
Taebais ir
also sent
entre to
was iben i
apie a
barbarians
to prepare
who bad
The death
from prea
and almos
the Hung
populating
waste ty
against I
Geired ex
(Saronia
Aas an
Herrara
death of
Canned a
Marcian
435, Vale
the crow
rain and
Humne.
Martian
with his
disturban
which w
sans, be
hostilities
Sell il, ar
both of
been the
power of
6
chosen er
from Pal
ofspring
Euphemi
became a
was decid
Bliziratic
5
1
## p. 941 (#957) ############################################
MARCIANUS.
941
MARCIANUS.
on the express condition that they were presents, his wide dominions, and procured for them domestic
but no tribute. Attila having declined to admit and external peace during the terrible expeditions
the ambassador into his presence, though not to of the Huns and the Vandals. His laudable efforts
accept the presents, Apollonius firmly refused to to put down the venality and corruption of the
give up the latter previous to having obtained an public functionaries and advocates were crowned
audience ; and being at last admitted, behaved so with success ; and the Codex Theodosianus con-
nobly and fearlessly, that the king swore he would tains many of his constitutions, from which we may
take bloody revenge. He thought it, however, draw a favourable conclusion as to his honesty and
more prudent to turn his wrath against Valen- wisdom. His orthodoxy caused bim to be praised
tinian, who had likewise affronted him, by refusing in an exaggerated degree by the orthodox writers.
to give up his sister Honoria, whom Attila claimed (Evagr. ii. 12; Theophan. p. 89, &c. ; Theodor.
as his betrothed wife. Without disclosing his Lect. i. 28; Nicephor. Call. xv. 1-4; Priscus,
intention as to the countries he had chosen for an pp. 41, 43, 48, 72, &c. ; Zonar. vol. i. p. 45, &c. ;
invasion, Attila sent messengers at once to Rome Cedren. p. 343, &c. ; Procop. Vand. 1, 4; Malela,
and Constantinople, who addressed each of the em- pp. 26, 27 ; Codin. pp. 35, 60, 61; Glycas, p. 262;
perors with the haughty and insulting words : Joel, p. 171. )
(W. P. )
“ Attila, my lord and thy lord, commands thee to
provide a palace for his immediate reception. "
Upon this he set out for the invasion of Gaul,
A. D. 451.
In the same year Marcian assembled the council
of Chalcedon, where the doctrines of the Eutychians
were condemned. In the following year, 452, the
BOMOS
celebrated Ardabarius, then dux Orientis, defeated
the Arabs near Damascus, and made them sue for
COIN OF THE EMPEROR MARCIANUS.
peace ; and Maximin met with similar success
against the Blemmyes, who had invaded the MARCIA'NUS, of Heracleia in Pontus, a
Thebais in Upper Egypt. A strong army was Greek geographer, lived after Ptolemy, whom he
also sent towards the frontiers of the Western frequently quotes, and before Stephanus of Byzan-
empire to assist Valentinian against Attila, who tium, who refers to him, but his exact date is
was then invading Italy, and to secure the Eastern uncertain. If he is the same Marcianus as the
empire against any unexpected diversion of the one mentioned by Synesius (Ep. 103) and Socrates
barbarians. In short Marcian neglected nothing (H. E. iv. 9), he must have lived at the beginning
to prepare peace and happiness for his subjects, of the fifth century of the Christian era. He wrote å
who had so cruelly suffered under his predecessors. work in prose, entitled, IIepitious tñs & Ew Sandoons
The death of Attila, in 453, relieved him not only éqúou te kal doneplov kad twv év, avthi ueglotwv v-
from great and just anxiety, but the subsequent, wv, “A Periplus of the External Sen, both eastern
and almost immediate dissolution of the empire of and western, and of the largest islands in it. ” The
the Huns, afforded him an opportunity of re- External Sea he used in opposition to the Medi-
populating those provinces which had been laid terranean, which he says had been sufficiently
waste by the Huns in their previous campaigns described by Artemiodorus. This work was in
against Theodosius. Thus the Eastern Goths re- two books ; of which the former, on the eastern
ceived extensive lands in Pannonia ; Sarmatians and southern seas, has come down to us entire, but
(Slavonians) and Herules, in Illyricum; and Scyri, of the latter, which treated of the western and
Alans and Huns, under Attila's youngest son northern seas, we possess only the three last chap-
Hernac, in Scythia and Lower Moesia. The ters on Africa, and a mutilated one on the distance
death of the excellent empress Pulcheria, in 454, from Rome to the principal cities in the world. In
caused a general affliction ; but the popularity of this work he chiefly follows Ptolemy, and in the
Marcian only gained by it. In the following year, calculation of the stadia he adopts the reckoning of
455, Valentinian was murdered ; Maximin usurped Protagoras. He also made an epitome of the eleven
the crown ; Italy and Gaul were covered with books of the Periplous of Artemiodorus of Ephesus
ruins and blood ; and the Vandal Genseric pillaged (ARTEMIODORUS, No. 6), but of this epitome we
Rome. In the midst of these terrible commotions, have only the introduction, and the periplus of
Marcian secured the peace of his own dominions Pontus, Bithynia, and Paphlagonia. It was not,
with his wonted wisdom and firmness; and some however, simply an abridgment of Artemiodorus ;
disturbances having broken out in Lazica, in 456, for Marcianus tells us that he made use of the
which were kindled by the Armenians and Per- works of other distinguished geographers, who had
sians, he sent able officers against the latter, who written descriptions of coasts, among whom he
soon compelled the enemy to desist from farther mentions Timosthenes of Rhodes, Eratosthenes,
hostilities. But in the beginning of 457 Marcian Pytheas of Massilia, Isidorus of Charax, Sosander
fell ill, and after five months' suffering, died on the the pilot, Simmias, A pellas of Cyrene, Euthymenes
26th of June following. His death would have of Massilia, Phileas of Athens, Androsthenes of
been the signal of great calamities but for the Thasus, Cleon of Sicily, Eudoxus of Rhodes,
power of Aspar, who caused Leo the Great to be Hanno of Carthage, Scylax of Caryanda and
chosen emperor. Marcian had, of course, no issue Botthaeus ; but he says that he followed more
from Pulcheria. He had, however, a daughter, the particularly Artemiodorus, Strabo, and Menippus
offspring of a former marriage, who was called of Pergamus. Marcianus also published an edition
Euphemia, and was married to Anthemius, who of Menippus with additions and corrections. (Me-
became afterwards emperor of the West. Marcian NIPPUS. ]
was decidedly an excellent man, who deserves our The extant works of Marcianus were first pab
admiration for the manner in which he governed | lished by D. Hoeschelius in his “Geographica"
## p. 942 (#958) ############################################
942
MARCIANUS.
MARCION.
free.
restored to
I order to
bis father,
refused to
which had
poesibisi
froc un a
the obena
pected of
obain his
painen
Went to 1
there alte
of which,
Papel de
Thenon
cioe's ani
wrote
Marcian
earlier,
Aceai
mitted
Was teh
too abs:
tinence
August. Vindel. 1600, 8vo. , then by Morell, Paris, MARCIA'NUS, GE'SSIUS, a native of Syria
1602, 8vo. , and subsequently by Hudson, in the the husband of Julia Mamaea, by whom he was
first volume of his “Geographi Graeci Minores," the reputed father of Alexander Severus. We
Oxon. 1698, and by Miller, Paris, 1839, 8vo. know nothing of his history, except that he on seve-
They have been also published separately by Hoff- ral occasions discharged the duties of an imperial
mann, “ Marciani Periplus, Menippi Peripli Fragm. procurator. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 30. ) (W. R]
&c. ," Lips. 1841, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. MARCIANUS, GRA'NIUS, a Roman sena-
iv. p. 613, &c. ; Dodwell, de Aetate et Scriptis tor, was accused of majestas in A. D. 35, by C.
Murciani, in Hudson, l. C. ; Ukert, Gcographie Gracchus, and put an end to his own life. (Tac.
der Griechen und Römer, vol. i. pars i. p. 235 ; Ann. vi. 38. ),
Forbiger, Handbuch der alten Geographie, vol. i. MARCIA'NUS I'CELUS. [ICELUS. )
P. 448. )
MARCI'LIUS, attended Cicero as interpreter
MARCIA'NUS (Maptiavós), a physician at during his journey in Asia Minor and his admi-
Rome, who enjoyed a great reputation is an ana- nistration of Cilicia, from August, B. c. 51, to the
tomist in the second century after Christ, and wrote following February. Cicero highly recommends
some works on that subject, which are now lost. Marcilius, his son, and his family interests to Q.
Galen became personally acquainted with him Minucius Thermus, propraetor of Asia. (Ad Fam.
MARCELLUS, SEX. VARIUS, a native of of his in the Digest, as a work entitled “ Publica"
Apameia, the husband of Julia Soemias, by whom (Dig. 3. tit. 2. s. 22), the object of which may be
he was the father of Elagabalus. (See genealogical collected from its being referred to under the title
table prefixed to CARACALLA. ] He frequently “De iis qui infamia notantur ;" on the office of a
discharged the duties of an imperial procurator, praesul (Dig. 4. tit. 4. n. 43); and on the office of
and was admitted into the senate. His various a consul, the fifth book of which is quoted by Mar-
designations, titles, and distinctions, have been cianus (Dig. 40. tit. 15. s. 1). Marcellus also
preserved in a bilinguar inscription discovered near commented on the writings of Salvius Julianus
Velitrae, which was published at Rome in 1765, (Dig. 4. tit. 4. s. 11), and on Pomponius (Dig. 7.
accompanied by a dissertation, and which are given tit
. 4. s. 29). Marcellus was commented on by
by Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 245. After him, Elagabalus Cervidius Scaevola (Dig. 24. tit. 1. s. 11) and
was originally called Varius Avitus Bassianus, and Ulpian. He is often cited by subsequent jurists,
he gave his name to the Thermae Varianue, placed especially Paulus and Ulpian, and by Modestinus,
by Victor in the xiiith Region. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. one of the latest of the jurists. There are 159 ex-
30. )
(W. R. ] cerpts from Ulpius Marcellus in the Digest. This
MARCELLUS, VICTOʻRIUS, was the per- notice differs in some matters from that of Zim-
eon to whom Quintilian dedicated his work, De mern, Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, vol ii. p.
Institutione Oratoria. He was apparently a man 358, whose authorities do not always agree with
of rank and learning. A son of Marcellus was his text.
(G. L. )
educated by Quintilian. (Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. , MARCIA'NA, the sister of Trajan, who, if we
Inst. i. proem. iii
. proem. vi. proem. xii
. fine. ) See may believe the panegyric of Pliny (Paneg. 84),
Dodwell, Ann. Quintil
. $ 27. Statius inscribed the was a woman of extraordinary merits and virtue.
third book of his Silvae to Marcellus. (W. B. D. ] She was the mother of Matidia, who was the mo-
MARCELLUS, U'LPIUS. The period of this ther of Sabina, the wife of the emperor Hadrian
jurist is determined by Capitolinus (Antonin. Pius, ĮMATIDIA), but we do not know the name of her
12), who states that Marcellus was one of the husband. We learn from Pliny that she received
legal advisers of the emperor Antoninus Pius, and from the senate the title of Augusta, which we also
enumerates with him, Salvius Valens, Javolenus. find upon coins and inscriptions ; and after her death
and others. It also appears from his own writings she was enrolled among the gods, and is therefore
that Marcellus lived under Pius, for he mentions a called Diva on coins and inscriptions. The year
decision of Aurelius Antoninus (Dig. 35. tit. 1. s. of her death is uncertain ; but it appears from one
48); if Aurelius Antoninus here means Pius, and inscription that she was alive in A. D. 106, and
not Marcus his successor. That he was living from another that she had ceased to live in A. D.
under the Divi Fratres, Marcus Antoninus and 115. It was in honour of her that Trajan gave
L. Verus, appears from a reference which he makes the name of Marcianopolis to a city in Lower
to an oration of the two emperors respecting tutors Moesia, on the Euxine. (Eckhel, vol. vi. p. 467,
giving security (satisdatio). The passage is a &c. )
citation by Ulpian from Marcellus, and the term
Divi may be, and appears to be, the addition of
Ulpian, and therefore does not prove that Marcellus
survived Marcus Antoninus (Dig. 26. tit. 2, s. 19).
Marcellus also quotes a judgment of Antoninus
Augustus (Dig. 28. tit. 4. 8. 3), by whom he means
M. Antoninus, as appears from his naming the
consuls Pudens and Pollio, who belong to A. D. 166.
The question turned upon a will, in which the
COIN OF MARCIANA.
testator had cancelled the names of the heredes in
his testament, and his property was claimed by the MARCIA. 1. Wife of M. Atilius Regulus,
fiscus as bona caduca. The case was argued who was consul a second time B. C. 256, in the first
before the emperor by the advocati of the fiscus Punic war. (Sil. Ital. vi. 403, 576. )
and the advocati of the claimants under the will. 2. The wife of C. Julius Caesar, the grandfather
The emperor's judgment was in favour of the equi- of the dictator, and the sister of Q. Marcius Rex,
table interpretation, but against the strict law. consul in B. c. 118. (Suet. Caes. 6. )
The conjecture that the Ulpius Marcellus, who 3. A vestal virgin, who was condemned along
commanded in Britain in the reign of Commodus, with Licinia in B. c. 113 by L. Cassius Longinus.
is the jurist, hardly needs refutation. The only For particulars and authorities see LICINIA, No. 2.
ground for it is the sameness of name, to which it 4. The second wife of M. Cato Uticensis, to
is objected that Dion Cassius, who speaks of the whom she bore many children, was the daughter of
military talent of Ulpius Marcellus, says nothing L. Marcius Philippus, consul B. c. 56. It was
of his legal reputation (Dion Cassius, lxxi. 8, and about the year B. c. 56 that Cato is related to have
the note of Reimarus). Besides this, it is very ceded her to his friend Q. Hortensius, with the
unlikely that a man who had been a jurist during I approbation of her father: some remarks upon this
a
## p. 940 (#956) ############################################
940
MARCIA GENS.
MARCIANUS.
es the empre
the unbassa
pate up the
Dobit and le
take blood's
bare prude
tian who
to give up hi
Intation as
invasion A
and Coastar
peront with
Ama,
provide a
Upon this
4 D. 451.
of Chalcedo
fete conde
Beleztatza
the Arabs
pece; and
ist tb
curious tale are made elsewhere. _[Vol. I. p. 648, B. C. 310. The only patrician family in this gens,
b. ] She continued to live with Hortensius till the as is remarked above, was that of CORIOLANUS:
death of the latter, in B. C. 50, after which she the names of the plebeian families in the time of
returned to Cato, who left her behind in Rome, the republic are CENSORINUS, CRISPUS, FIGULUS
placing his family and property under her care, LIBO, PHILIPPUS, RALLA, Rex, Rurus, RUTILUS,
vhen he fled from the city with the rest of the SeptimuS, SERMO, TREMULUS. The only cogno.
aristocratical party on Cacsar's approach in B. C. 49. mens which occur on coins are Censorinus, Libo,
(Appian, B. C. ii. 99 ; Plut. Cat. min. 25, 39, 52; Philippus. A few persons are mentioned without
Lucan, ii. 329, &c. )
any surname: they are given under MARCIUS.
5. The wife of Fabius Maximus, the friend of MARCIANUS, emperor of the East (A. D.
Augustus, learnt from her husband the secret visit 450-457), was the son of an obscure but respect-
of the emperor to his grandson Agrippa, and in-able man, who had served in the imperial annies.
formed Livia of it, in consequence of which she He was born either in Thrace or in Illyricum,
became the cause of her husband's death, A. D. 13 about A. D.
391 ; and at an early age he entered!
or 14. (Tac. Ann, i. 5. ) We learn from Ovid the imperial army. Of his earlier history we are
(Fast. vi. 802) that she belonged to the family of acquainted with a few trifling stories and adven-
the Philippi. Her name also occurs in the epistle tures. His way to fortune was slow, for in 421,
which Ovid addressed to her husband (Ex Pont at the age of thirty, he was still a common soldier,
j. 2).
or, perhaps, a non-commissioned officer. Some years
6. The daughter of Cremutius Cordus, who was afterwards he attached himself to the famoun
put to death in the reign of Tiberius, is spoken of general Aspar, and subsequently to his son Arda-
under CORDUB. [Vol. 1. p. 851, b. )
burius, as private secretary, obtaining, at the same
7. Marcia FURNILLA, the second wife of the time, the office of captain of the guards. During
emperor Titus, was divorced by her husband after fifteen, or perhaps nineteen years, he continued in
the death of their daughter Julia. (Suet. Tit. 4. ) the service of those eminent men, and found ample
Some commentators propose changing the name of opportunities for developing his military talents.
l'uruilla into Fulviu or Fulvilla, on the authority He accompanied Aspar in his unfortunate campaign
of a coin which bears the legend Pouisia Lebaoth. against Genseris, king of the Vandals in Africa, in
But the coin is of rather doubtful authority ; and 431, when he was made a prisoner of war; but on
even if it be genuine it may refer to Fulvia Plautilla, account of his reputation, and perhaps for services
the wife of Caracalla. It is very improbable that which history does not record, obtained his release,
a coin should be struck in honour of a woman that and returned to Constantinople. His history
had been divorced, and that the title of Augusta during the following nineteen years is veiled in
should be given to her. (Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 364. ) obscurity ; and it is only from subsequent events
MA'RCIA. 1. The mistress of Quadratus, that we are allowed to conclude that he distin-
who was slain by Commodus, became the favourite guished himself in no ordinary degree ; for the
concubine of Commodus himself. From her he emperor, Theodosius the Younger, having died in
adopted the title of Amazonius. She was one of 450, his widow, the celebrated Pulcheria, offered
the most active among the conspirators, who com- her hand and the imperial title to Marcian, on
passed his destruction. She subsequently became condition that he would not prevent her from con-
the wife of Eclectus, his chamberlain, also a continuing the state of virginity which she had
spirator, and was eventually put to death by hitherto enjoyed ; and Marcian, who was then
Julianus, along with Laetus, who also had been about sixty, consented to it gladly, and married
actively engaged in the plot. We are told appa- the chaste empress, who was then above fifty.
rently by Xiphilinus, that she was friendly to the At that time Marcian held the rank of tribune and
Christians, for whom, through her influence with senator ; and he was so favourably known among
;
the emperor, she procured many advantages. (Dion the people, that his elevation to supreme power
Cass. lxxii. 4, lxxiii. 16. ) [COMMODUS, ECLEC was received by them with applause and demon-
Tus, LAETUS, QUADRATUS. )
strations of joy. His coronation took place on the
2. The first wife of Septimius Severus. She 24th of August, 450; and the whole transaction,
died before her husband became emperor ; and as it seems, was so little premeditated, and was
after his elevation he erected statues to her memory. settled in so short a time, that Valentinian, the
(See authorities on SEVERUS. ) [W. R. ] emperor of Rome, was not even asked to give bis
MA'RCIA GENS, originally patrician, after consent, which he did, however, at a later period,
wards plebeian likewise. We also, but not so for he stood in great want of the assistance of a
frequently, find the name written Martius. This man like Marcian, who, to military renown, ac-
gens claimed to be descended from Ancus Marcius, quired in the war against the Vandals and Per
the fourth king of Rome (Suet. Caes. 6; Val. Max. sians, joined a kind disposition and accomplished
iv. 3. & 4; 08. Fast. vi. 803); and hence one of diplomatic skill.
its families subsequently assumed the name of Rex, Both the Eastern and the Western empire were
and the heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus then in great apprehension from the unbounded
Marcius were placed upon the coins of the gens. ambition and power of Attila, who had no sooner
[See the coins under CENSORINUS and Philippus. ] heard of the election of Marcian than he despatched
But notwithstanding the claims to such high an ambassadors to him, demanding, in an imperative
tiquity made by the Marcii, no patricians of this tone, the tribute which the younger Theodosius
name, with the exception of Coriolanus, are men- had engaged to pay annually to the king of the
tioned in the early history of the republic, and it Huns. “I have iron for Attila," was the em-
was not till after the enactment of the Licinian peror's stern answer, “but no gold. ” Upon this
laws that any inember of the gens obtained the Apollonius was sent into Attila's camp to negotiate
consulship. The first Marcius who reached this the continuance of peace, and was charged with
dignity was C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus, in presents for the barbarian, which he was to deliver
Taebais ir
also sent
entre to
was iben i
apie a
barbarians
to prepare
who bad
The death
from prea
and almos
the Hung
populating
waste ty
against I
Geired ex
(Saronia
Aas an
Herrara
death of
Canned a
Marcian
435, Vale
the crow
rain and
Humne.
Martian
with his
disturban
which w
sans, be
hostilities
Sell il, ar
both of
been the
power of
6
chosen er
from Pal
ofspring
Euphemi
became a
was decid
Bliziratic
5
1
## p. 941 (#957) ############################################
MARCIANUS.
941
MARCIANUS.
on the express condition that they were presents, his wide dominions, and procured for them domestic
but no tribute. Attila having declined to admit and external peace during the terrible expeditions
the ambassador into his presence, though not to of the Huns and the Vandals. His laudable efforts
accept the presents, Apollonius firmly refused to to put down the venality and corruption of the
give up the latter previous to having obtained an public functionaries and advocates were crowned
audience ; and being at last admitted, behaved so with success ; and the Codex Theodosianus con-
nobly and fearlessly, that the king swore he would tains many of his constitutions, from which we may
take bloody revenge. He thought it, however, draw a favourable conclusion as to his honesty and
more prudent to turn his wrath against Valen- wisdom. His orthodoxy caused bim to be praised
tinian, who had likewise affronted him, by refusing in an exaggerated degree by the orthodox writers.
to give up his sister Honoria, whom Attila claimed (Evagr. ii. 12; Theophan. p. 89, &c. ; Theodor.
as his betrothed wife. Without disclosing his Lect. i. 28; Nicephor. Call. xv. 1-4; Priscus,
intention as to the countries he had chosen for an pp. 41, 43, 48, 72, &c. ; Zonar. vol. i. p. 45, &c. ;
invasion, Attila sent messengers at once to Rome Cedren. p. 343, &c. ; Procop. Vand. 1, 4; Malela,
and Constantinople, who addressed each of the em- pp. 26, 27 ; Codin. pp. 35, 60, 61; Glycas, p. 262;
perors with the haughty and insulting words : Joel, p. 171. )
(W. P. )
“ Attila, my lord and thy lord, commands thee to
provide a palace for his immediate reception. "
Upon this he set out for the invasion of Gaul,
A. D. 451.
In the same year Marcian assembled the council
of Chalcedon, where the doctrines of the Eutychians
were condemned. In the following year, 452, the
BOMOS
celebrated Ardabarius, then dux Orientis, defeated
the Arabs near Damascus, and made them sue for
COIN OF THE EMPEROR MARCIANUS.
peace ; and Maximin met with similar success
against the Blemmyes, who had invaded the MARCIA'NUS, of Heracleia in Pontus, a
Thebais in Upper Egypt. A strong army was Greek geographer, lived after Ptolemy, whom he
also sent towards the frontiers of the Western frequently quotes, and before Stephanus of Byzan-
empire to assist Valentinian against Attila, who tium, who refers to him, but his exact date is
was then invading Italy, and to secure the Eastern uncertain. If he is the same Marcianus as the
empire against any unexpected diversion of the one mentioned by Synesius (Ep. 103) and Socrates
barbarians. In short Marcian neglected nothing (H. E. iv. 9), he must have lived at the beginning
to prepare peace and happiness for his subjects, of the fifth century of the Christian era. He wrote å
who had so cruelly suffered under his predecessors. work in prose, entitled, IIepitious tñs & Ew Sandoons
The death of Attila, in 453, relieved him not only éqúou te kal doneplov kad twv év, avthi ueglotwv v-
from great and just anxiety, but the subsequent, wv, “A Periplus of the External Sen, both eastern
and almost immediate dissolution of the empire of and western, and of the largest islands in it. ” The
the Huns, afforded him an opportunity of re- External Sea he used in opposition to the Medi-
populating those provinces which had been laid terranean, which he says had been sufficiently
waste by the Huns in their previous campaigns described by Artemiodorus. This work was in
against Theodosius. Thus the Eastern Goths re- two books ; of which the former, on the eastern
ceived extensive lands in Pannonia ; Sarmatians and southern seas, has come down to us entire, but
(Slavonians) and Herules, in Illyricum; and Scyri, of the latter, which treated of the western and
Alans and Huns, under Attila's youngest son northern seas, we possess only the three last chap-
Hernac, in Scythia and Lower Moesia. The ters on Africa, and a mutilated one on the distance
death of the excellent empress Pulcheria, in 454, from Rome to the principal cities in the world. In
caused a general affliction ; but the popularity of this work he chiefly follows Ptolemy, and in the
Marcian only gained by it. In the following year, calculation of the stadia he adopts the reckoning of
455, Valentinian was murdered ; Maximin usurped Protagoras. He also made an epitome of the eleven
the crown ; Italy and Gaul were covered with books of the Periplous of Artemiodorus of Ephesus
ruins and blood ; and the Vandal Genseric pillaged (ARTEMIODORUS, No. 6), but of this epitome we
Rome. In the midst of these terrible commotions, have only the introduction, and the periplus of
Marcian secured the peace of his own dominions Pontus, Bithynia, and Paphlagonia. It was not,
with his wonted wisdom and firmness; and some however, simply an abridgment of Artemiodorus ;
disturbances having broken out in Lazica, in 456, for Marcianus tells us that he made use of the
which were kindled by the Armenians and Per- works of other distinguished geographers, who had
sians, he sent able officers against the latter, who written descriptions of coasts, among whom he
soon compelled the enemy to desist from farther mentions Timosthenes of Rhodes, Eratosthenes,
hostilities. But in the beginning of 457 Marcian Pytheas of Massilia, Isidorus of Charax, Sosander
fell ill, and after five months' suffering, died on the the pilot, Simmias, A pellas of Cyrene, Euthymenes
26th of June following. His death would have of Massilia, Phileas of Athens, Androsthenes of
been the signal of great calamities but for the Thasus, Cleon of Sicily, Eudoxus of Rhodes,
power of Aspar, who caused Leo the Great to be Hanno of Carthage, Scylax of Caryanda and
chosen emperor. Marcian had, of course, no issue Botthaeus ; but he says that he followed more
from Pulcheria. He had, however, a daughter, the particularly Artemiodorus, Strabo, and Menippus
offspring of a former marriage, who was called of Pergamus. Marcianus also published an edition
Euphemia, and was married to Anthemius, who of Menippus with additions and corrections. (Me-
became afterwards emperor of the West. Marcian NIPPUS. ]
was decidedly an excellent man, who deserves our The extant works of Marcianus were first pab
admiration for the manner in which he governed | lished by D. Hoeschelius in his “Geographica"
## p. 942 (#958) ############################################
942
MARCIANUS.
MARCION.
free.
restored to
I order to
bis father,
refused to
which had
poesibisi
froc un a
the obena
pected of
obain his
painen
Went to 1
there alte
of which,
Papel de
Thenon
cioe's ani
wrote
Marcian
earlier,
Aceai
mitted
Was teh
too abs:
tinence
August. Vindel. 1600, 8vo. , then by Morell, Paris, MARCIA'NUS, GE'SSIUS, a native of Syria
1602, 8vo. , and subsequently by Hudson, in the the husband of Julia Mamaea, by whom he was
first volume of his “Geographi Graeci Minores," the reputed father of Alexander Severus. We
Oxon. 1698, and by Miller, Paris, 1839, 8vo. know nothing of his history, except that he on seve-
They have been also published separately by Hoff- ral occasions discharged the duties of an imperial
mann, “ Marciani Periplus, Menippi Peripli Fragm. procurator. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 30. ) (W. R]
&c. ," Lips. 1841, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. MARCIANUS, GRA'NIUS, a Roman sena-
iv. p. 613, &c. ; Dodwell, de Aetate et Scriptis tor, was accused of majestas in A. D. 35, by C.
Murciani, in Hudson, l. C. ; Ukert, Gcographie Gracchus, and put an end to his own life. (Tac.
der Griechen und Römer, vol. i. pars i. p. 235 ; Ann. vi. 38. ),
Forbiger, Handbuch der alten Geographie, vol. i. MARCIA'NUS I'CELUS. [ICELUS. )
P. 448. )
MARCI'LIUS, attended Cicero as interpreter
MARCIA'NUS (Maptiavós), a physician at during his journey in Asia Minor and his admi-
Rome, who enjoyed a great reputation is an ana- nistration of Cilicia, from August, B. c. 51, to the
tomist in the second century after Christ, and wrote following February. Cicero highly recommends
some works on that subject, which are now lost. Marcilius, his son, and his family interests to Q.
Galen became personally acquainted with him Minucius Thermus, propraetor of Asia. (Ad Fam.
