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however, in 411 gives Atratinus, not Mugillanus, They had assembled an army in the Isthmus
as the cognomen of the Papirius consul in that shortly before the arrival of Mummius. He
year. (Ib. 52. )
promptly dismissed his predecessor, Metellus, de-
4. L. PAPIRIUS MUGILLANUS was consul in feated the army of the league, whose hasty levies
B. C. 326 (Liv. viii. 23 ; Fasti). It is doubtful, were no match for the discipline of the legions, and
however, whether for Mugillanus should not be read entered Corinth without opposition, since the gar-
Cursor, as the surname of the consul. (W. B. D. ] rison and principal inhabitants had abandoned it,
MU'LCIBER, a surname of Vulcan, which and the spirit of Greece was at length completely
seems to have been given to the god as a euphe- broken. The city was burnt, rased, and given up
mism, and for the sake of a good omen, that he to pillage: the native Corinthians were sold for
might not consume by ravaging fire the habitations slaves, and the rarest specimens of Grecian art,
and property of men, but might kindly and bene- which the luxury and opulence of centuries had
volently aid men in their pursuits. It occurs very accumulated, were given up to the rapacity of an
frequently in the Latin poets. (Ov. Met. ii. 5; ignorant conqueror. Polybius the historian, who,
Ars Am. ii. 562. )
[L. S. ) on the fall of Corinth, had come from Africa to
MU'LIUS (Moúros). 1. The son-in-law of mitigate, if possible, the calamities of his country-
Augeas, and husband of Agamede, was slain by men, saw Roman soldiers playing at draughts upon
Nestor. (Hom. Il. xi. 738. )
the far-famed picture of Dionysus by Aristides ;
2. Two Trojans, one of whom was killed by and Mummius himself was so unconscious of the
Patroclus, and the other by Achilles. (Hom. Il. real value of his prize, that he sold the rarer works
xvi. 696, xx. 472. )
of painting, sculpture, and carving, to the king of
3. A servant and herald from Dulichium, in the Pergamus, and exacted securities from the masters
house of Odysseus. (Hom. Od. xviii. 422. ) (LS. ) of vessels who conveyed the remainder to Italy, to
MUMMIA ACHAICA, grand-daughter of Q. replace by equivalents any picture or statue lost or
Lutatius Catulus (CATULUS, No. 4], and great injured in the passage. But although ignorant,
grand-daughter of L. Mummius Achaicus (Mum. Mummius was more scrupulous in his selection of
MIUS, No. 3], was the wife of Serv. Galba, and the spoils than the Roman generals of later times,
mother of the emperor Galba and his brother or even than some of his contemporaries. He ap
Caius. (Sueton. Galb. 3. ) (W. B. D. ] propriated secular or private property alone, and
MUMMIUS. 1. L. MUMNIUS was tribune religiously abstained from all that had been con-
of the plebs in B. c. 187. He opposed the bill of secrated to religious uses. Mummius remained in
M. Porcius Cato for inquiring into the amount of Greece during the greater part of B. c. 146–145,
monies paid by Antiochus the Great, king of Syria, in the latter year with the title of proconsul. He
as the price of peace in B. c 188, to the brothers P. arranged the fiscal and municipal constitution of
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MUMMIUS.
MURCIA.
the newly acquired province, and won the con- Horace afterwards cultivated so successfully. (Cic
fidence and esteem of the provincials by his in- de Rep. i. 12, iii. 35, v. 9, de Amic. 19, 27, ad Att.
tegrity, justice, and equanimity, Mummius was xiii. 5, 6, 30. )
one of the few Roman commanders in the repub- 5. Sp. MUMMIUS, grandson of the preceding,
lican aera who did homage to the religion of the died shortly before B. C. 46. He had preserved
Hellenic race. He dedicated a brazen statue of and used to recite to Cicero the epistles of his
Zeus at Olympia, and surrounded the shrine of the grandfather, Sp. Mummius (No. 4. ] (Cic. ad All
god with gilt bucklers of brass. The Corinthian xiii. 6. )
bronze, so celebrated in the later art of the ancient 6. M. MUMMIUs, was praetor in B. c. 70, and
world, was an accidental discovery, resulting from presided at the trial of Verres in that year. (Cic.
the burning of the city. The metallic ornaments in l'err. iii. 52. )
of its sumptuous temples, basilicae, and private 7. MUMMIUS, a legatus of M. Crassus in the
dwellings, formed the rich and solid amalgam which servile war, B. c. 73, was defeated by the gladiator
was employed afterwards in the fusile department Spartacus. (Plut. Cruss. 10. )
of sculpture. Mummius triumphed in 1. c. 145. 8. MUMMIUS, was a writer of farces, Atellanae,
His procession formed an epoch in the history of after the year B. c. 90. lle is mentioned by Cha-
Ronian art and cultivation. Trains of waggons risius (p. 118) and Priscian (x. 9, p. 514, ed.
laden with the works of the purest ages moved Krehle). In Macrobius (Sat. i. 10) and Gellius
along the Via Sacra to the Capitoline Hill: yet the (xix. 9) lie is called MEMMIUS. (W. B. D. ]
spectator of the triumph, who had seen them in their MU'MMIUS LUPERCUS. (LUPERCUS)
original sites and number, must have mourned many MUNA'TIA GENS, plebeian, unknown before
an irreparable loss. The fire had destroyed many, the second century B. c. ' Its usual cognomens are
the sea had engulfed many; and the royal con- Flaccus, Gratus, PLANCUS, and Rufus. A few
noisseurs, the princes of Pergamus, had carried off Munatii occur without a surname. (W. B. D. ]
many for their galleries and temples. Mummius, MUNA'TIUS. 1. C. MUNATIUS, was com-
with a modesty uncommon in conquerors, refused missioner for allotting lands in Liguria and Cisal-
to inscribe the spoils with his name. He viewed pine Gaul, B. c. 173. (Liv. xlii. 4. )
them as the property of the state, and he lent them 2. P. MUNATIUS, was imprisoned, in what year
liberally to adorn the triumphs, the buildings, and is uncertain, by the triumviri capitales, for taking
even the private houses of others, while in his own a crown from the statue of Marsyas in the forum
villa he retained the severe simplicity of early (Hor. Sat. i. 6. 120 ; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 58), and
Rome. . Mummius was censor in B. C. 142. His placing it on his own head. The tribunes of the
colleague was Cornelius Scipio, better known as the plebs refused to take cognizance of his appeal to
younger Africanus ; and no colleagues ever dis- them. (Plin. H. N. xxi. 6. )
agreed more heartily. The polished Scipio was 3. MUNATius, a ruined spendthrift, who en-
rigid to excess; the rustic Mummius culpably gaged in Catiline's plot. He remained at Rome
lenient. On laying down his office, Scipio de while his leader organised the insurrection in
clared that he should have discharged his func- Etruria. Cicero derides the insignificance and
tions well, had he been paired with a different ignobility of Munatius. (Cat. ii. 2. )
colleague, or with none at all. ” Mummius, how- 4. C. MUNATIUS, C. F. , was in some official
ever, in private life, was not exempt from the pre- situation in a province when Cicero commended to
vailing immorality of the times, to which his con- him L.
Livinius Trypho, a freedman of L. Re-
quest of Corinth, by causing a sudden influx of gulus (ad Fam. xiii. 60).
wealth into Rome, contributed. He was a respect- 5. T. MUNATIUS, was a kinsman of L. Muna-
able orator; and, as his government of Achaia tius Plancus [Plancus), proconsul in Narbonne,
showed, possessed administrative talents. His B. C. 44. Munatius received reports from his kins
political opinions inclined to the popular side. man of the moveinents in his province, one of
Though he brought so much wealth into the state which, addressed to the senate, he previously im-
coffers, Mummius died poor, and the common- parted to Cicero. Munatius subsequently joined
wealth furnished a marriage portion to his daughter. M. Antonius. (Cic. ad Fam. x. 12. ) (W. B. D. ]
(Polyb. iii. 32, xl. 7, 8, 11; Liv. Ep. 52; Appian, MUNA'TIUS, of Tralles, surnamed Ó Kpitikos,
Pun. 135; Dion Cass. 81; Flor. ii. 16 ; Eutrop. is mentioned as one of the teachers of Herodes
iv. 14; Val. Max. vi. 4. § 2, vii. 5. § 4 ; Cic. in Articus. (Philostr. Herod. 14, Polemon, 7. )
Verr. i. 21, iii. 4, iv. 2, pro Muraen. 14, de Leg. MUNA'TIUS FLACCUS. [Flaccus. ]
Agrar. i. 2, de Orat. ii. 6, Orat. 70, Brut. 22, de MUNY'CHIA (Mouvuxía), a surname of Ar-
Off. ii. 22, ad Att. xiii. 4, 5, 6, 30, 32, 33, Parad. temis, derived from the Attic port-town of Muny-
v. 2, Cornel. ii. fr. 8; Pseudo-Ascon. in Cic. Verr. chia, where she had a temple. Her festival was
ii. p. 173, Orelli ; Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 2, xxxv. 4, celebrated at Athens in the month of Munychion,
10; Diod. xxxi. 5, fr. ; Oros. v. 3; Vell. i. 12, 13, (Paus. i. 1. $ 4; Strab. xii. p. 639; Eustath. ad
ii. 128 ; Tac. Ann. xiv. 21; Pausan. vii. 12; Hom. p. 331. )
(L. S. ]
Strabo, viï. p. 381 ; Athen. iv, 1; Zonar. ix. 20— MU'RCIA, MU'RTEA, or MU'RTIA, a sur-
23. )
name of Venus at Rome, where she had a chapel
4. Sp. Mummius, brother of the preceding, and in the circus, with a statue. (Fest. p. 148, ed.
his legatus at Corinth in B. c. 146–145, was an Müller ; Apul. Met. vi. 395 ; Tertull
. De Spect,
intimate friend of the younger Scipio Africanus. 8 ; Varro, De Ling. Lat. y. 154 ; August. De Civ.
In political opinions Spurius was opposed to his Dei, iv. 16 ; Liv. i. 33 ; Serv. ad Aen. viii. 636. )
brother Lucius, and was a high aristocrat. He This surname, which is said to be the same as
was one of the opponents of the establishment of Myrtea (from myrtus, a myrtle), was believed to
rhetorical schools at Rome. Mummius composed indicate the fondness of the goddess for the myrtle
ethical and satirical epistles, which were extant in tree, and in ancient times there is said to bare
Cicero's age, and were probably in the style which I been a myrtle grove in the front of her chapel at
6
1
1


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MURENA.
1121
MURENA.
the foot of the Aventine. (Plin. II. N. xv. 36 ; | attained the rank of praetor, and was a contem-
Serv. ad Aen. i. 724 ; Plut. Quaest. Rom. 20. ) porary of the orator L. Cmssus. He was the first
Some of the ecclesiastical writers preferred the de- of the family who had the cognomen Murena.
rivation from murcus, i. e. stupid or awkward. 3. P. LICINIUS MURENA, the son of the pre-
(August. De Civ. Dci, iv. 16 ; Amob. adv. Gent. ceding, was a man of moderate talent, but he paid
iv. 9. ) Others again, derived the name from the great attention to the study of antiquity, and was
Syracusan word uurpós, tender. (Salmas, ad Solin. a man of some literary knowledge. (Cic. Brut.
p. 637. )
[L. S. ] 64. ) He lost his life in the wars of Marius and
MURCUS, L. STATIUS, was Caesar's legitus Sulla (B. C. 82); for his death is mentioned by
in B. C. 48, and one of three commissioners ap- Cicero as taking place at the same time with
pointed by him to treat with the Pompeians at the murder of Q. Mucius Scaevola, the jurist and
Oricum (Caes. B. C. iii. 15). Murcus was one of | Pontifex Maximus, or shortly after ; and Cicero
the praetors in B. C. 45–44, and went into Syria seenis to mean that he died a violent death; and
after his year of office expired, with the title of if so, he must have perished by the hands of the
proconsul, and as successor to Sextus Caesar, slain Marian faction, though there is no direct authority
by his own soldiers in Apamcia, at the instigation for that statement, which is made by Drumann.
of Caecilius Bassus (Caesar, No. 24 ; Bassus). (Cic. Brut. 90; Drumann, Geschichte Roms, vol. iv.
With the aid of Marcius Crispus, proconsul of p. 184.