No More Learning

(Sozomen,
mother-in-law, and his wife ; his very children 11. E. c. 15. ) Paulinus was shortly before his
forsook him, with the exception of one, who was a death translated to the bishopric of Antioch (Euseb.
priest, and who died soon after suddenly. His Contra Marcel. i. 4 ; Philostorg. H. E. ii. 15);
estates in Greece yielded him no revenue ; and he but it is disputed whether this was before or after
retired to Massilia (Marseille), where he hired and the council of Nice ; some place his translation in
farmed some land, but this resource failed him, and A. D. 323, others in a. D. 331. Whether he was
alone, destitute and in debt, he was reduced to live present at the council of Nice, or eren lived to see
on the charity of others. During his residence at it, is not determined. The question is argued at
Mussilia, he became acquainted with many religious considerable length by Valesius (not. ad Euseb.
persons, and their conversation combined with his H. E. x. 1), Hanckius (De Rerum Byzant. Scriptor.
sorrows and disappointments to impress his mind Pars i. cap. i. § 235, &c. ), and by Tillemont
deeply with religious sentiments. He was bap- (Mém. vol. vii. p. 646, &c). We are disposed to
tized in A. D. 422, in his forty-sixth year, and lived acquiesce in the judgment of Le Quien, who places
at least till bis eighty-fourth year (A. D. 460), the accession of Paulinus to the see of Antioch in
when he wrote his poem. Some have supposed, A. D. 323 or 324, and his death in the latter year.
but without good reason, that he is the Benedictus (Euseb. I. co. ; Hieron. Chronicon, sub init. ; So-
Paulinus to whose questions of various points of zomen. Theodoret. Philostorg. I. cc. ; Tillemont,
theology and ethics Faustus Reiensis wrote an vol. vi. vii ; Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, vol. ii.
answer. [Faustus Keiensis. ) (Our authority col. 708, 803).
(J. C. M. ]
for this article is the Histoire Littéraire de la PAULINUS, Latin fathers. 1. OF MILAN
France, vol. ii. p. 343, &c, 461, &c. , not having (Mediolanensis), was the secretary of St. Ambrose,
been able to get sight of the poem itself, which is after whose death he became a deacon, and repaired
very rare.
See also Fabric. Biblioth. Med. et Infim. to Africa, where, at the request of Saint Augustine,
Latinit. vol. v. p. 206, ed. Mansi ; and Cave, he composed a biography of his former patron.
Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 290, in his article on Paulinus While residing at Carthage he encountered Coeles-
Nolanus. )
tius, detected the dangerous tendency of the doc-
8. PETROCORIUS. [PetroCORIUS. )
trines disseminated by that active disciple of Pe.
9. Of TYRE. Paulinus, bishop of Tyre, was lagius, and, having preferred an impeachment of
the contemporary and friend of Eusebius of Caesa- heresy, procured his condemnation by the council
reia, who addressed to him the tenth book of his which assembled in a. D. 212 under Aurelius. The
Historia Ecclesiustica. Paulinus is conjectured, accusation was divided into seven heads, of which
from an obscure intimation in Fusebius, to have six will be found in that portion of the Acts of the
been a native of Antioch (Euseb. Contra Marcel. Synod, preserved by Marius Mercator. At a sub-
Ancyr. i. 4). He was bishop of Tyre, and the sequent period (217—218) we find Paulinus ap-
restorer of the church there after it had been de pearing before Zosimus for the purpose of resisting
stroyed by the beathens in the persecution under the appeal against this decision, and refusing obe-
Diocletian and bis successors. This restoration dience to the adverse decree of the pope. Nothing
took place after the death of Maximin Daza (Maxi further is known with regard to his history, except
MINUS II. ) in A. D. 313, consequently Paulinus that we learn from Isidorus that he was eventually
must have obtained his bishopric before that time. ordained a presbyter.
On the dedication of the new building, an oration, We possess the following works of this author:
llarnyupirós, Oratio Panegyrica, was addressed to 1. Vita Ambrosii, which, although commenced
Paulinus, apparently by Eusebius himself, who has soon after A. D. 400, could not, from the historical
preserved the prolix composition (Euseb. H. E. x. allusions which it contains, have been finished until
i. 4). On the outbreak of the Arian controversy, 412. This piece will be found in almost all the
Paulinus is represented as one of the chief supeditions of St. Ambrose. In many it is ascribed
porters of Arianism. But it is not clear that he to Paulinus Nolanus, and in others to Paulinus
took a decided part in the controversy ; he appears Episcopus.
to have been, like Eusebius, a moderate man, averse 2. Libellus adversus Coelestium Zosimo Papac
to extreme measures, and to the introduction of oblatus, drawn up and presented towards the close of
unscriptural terms and needless theological defi- A. D. 417. It was printed from a Vatican MS. by
nitions. Arius distinctly names him among those Baronius, in his Annales, under a. D. 218, after-
who agreed with him ; but then Arius gave to wards by Labbe, in his Collection of Councils, fol.
the confession to which this statement refers the Par. 1671, vol. ii. p. 1578, in the Benedictine
most orthodox complexion in his power. (Theo- edition of St. Augustine, vol. x. app. Pt 2, and by
doret. H. E. i. 5). Eusebius of Nicomedeia (ibid. 6) Coustant, in his Epistolae Pontificum Romanorum,
wrote to Paulinus, rebuking him for his silence fol. Par. 1721, vol. i. p. 963.
and concealment of his sentiments ; but it is not 3. De Benedictionibus Patriarchurum, is men-
1
/
!
1


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144
PAULINUS.
PAULINUS.
tioned by Isidorus (De l'iris Ilustr. c. 4), but was charged the duties of the office in peace until his
not known to exist in an entire form until it was death, which took place in A. D. 431.
discovered by Mingarelli in a very ancient MS. be- The above sketch contains a narrative of all the
longing to the library of St. Salvator at Bologna, facts which can be ascertained with regard to this
and inserted by him in the Anecdota published at father, but to what extent these may be eked out
Bologna, 4to. 1751, vol. ii
. pt. 1, p. 199. A cor- by laborious conjecture will be seen upon referring
rupt fragment of this tract will be found in the to biography compiled by Le Brun. The story
fifth volume of the Benedictine edition of St. Jerome, told in the dialogues of St. Gregory, that Paulinus
where it is ascribed to Rufinus.
having given away all his possessions, made a
The three productions enumerated above are journey into Africa, and sold himself into slavery,
placed together in the Bibliotheca Putrum of Galland, in order to rausom the son of a poor widow, bas,
fol. Venet. 1773, vol. ix. p. 23. (Cassianus, de upon chronological and other considerations, been
Incarn. c. 7 ; Isidorus, de Viris Illustr. 4 ; Galland, generally rejected as a fable, as well as numerous
Bill. Patr, vol. ix. Proleg. c. i. ; Schönemann, Bill. legends contained in the histories of the Saints.
Putrum Lat. vol. ii. & 21. )
The following works of Paulinus, all composed
2.
Merorius Pontius ANICIUS PAULINUS, after he had quitted public life, are still extant,
bishop of Nola in the early part of the fifth century, consisting of Epistolae, Carmina, and a very short
and hence generally designated Paulinus Nolanus, tract entitled Passio S. Genesi Arelatensis.
was born at Bourdeaux, or at a neighbouring town, 1. Epistolae. Fifty, or, as divided in some edi-
which he calls Embromagum, about the year A. D. tions, fifty-one letters, addressed to Sulpicius Se-
353. Descended from illustrious parents, the in- verus, to Delphinus bishop of Bordeaux, to Augus-
heritor of ample possessions, gifted by nature with tine, to Rufinus, to Eucherius, and to many other
good abilities, which were cultivated with affec- friends upon different topics, some being compli-
tionate assiduity by his preceptor, the poet Ausonius mentary, others relating entirely to domestic affairs,
[Ausonius), he entered life under the fairest while the greater number are of a serious cast, being
anspices, was raised to the rank of consul suffectus, designed to explain some doctrine, to inculcate some
before he had attained to the age of twenty-six, precept, or to convey information upon some point
and married a wealthy lady named Therasin, whose connected with religion. Neither in style nor in
disposition and tastes seem to have been in perfect substance can they be regarded as of much import-
harmony with his own. After many years spentance or interest, except in so far as they afford a
in the enjoyment of worldly honours, Paulinus be- fair specimen of the familiar correspondence of
came convinced of the truth of Christianity, was churchmen at that epoch, and convey a very pleas-
baptized by Delphinus, bishop of Bourdeaux, in ing impression of the writer. The most elaborate
A. D. 389, distributed large sums to the poor, and are the twelfth (to Amandus), which treats of the
passed over with his wife to Spain. The death of Fall and the Atonement, the thirtieth (to Sulpicius
an only child, which survived its birth eight days, Severus) on the Inward and Outward Man, and
with perhaps other domestic afflictions concerning the forty-second (to Florentius, bishop of Cahors)
which we are imperfectly informed, seem to have on the Dignity and Merits of Christ ; the most
confirmed the dislike with which he now regarded curious is the thirty-first (to Severus) on the In-
the business of the world. After four years passed vention of the True Cross ; the most lively is the
in retirement he resolved to withdraw himself en- forty-ninth (to Macarius) on a famous miracle per-
tirely from the society of his friends, to apply his formed by St. Felix. A summary of each epistle
wealth to religious purposes, and to dedicate the is to be found in Funccius, and longer abstracts in
remainder of his life to works of piety. This de- Dupin.
termination, while it called forth the earnest re- 2. Carmina. Thirty-two in number, composed
monstrances of his kindred, excited the most lively in a great variety of metres. Of these, the most
admiration among all classes of the devout, and the worthy of notice are the birthday addresses to St.
dignity of Presbyter was almost forced upon his Felix in heroic hexameters, composed regularly on
acceptance by the enthusiasm of the populace at the festival of the saint, and forming a series which
Barcelona (A. D. 393). He did not, however, re- embraces so complete an account of the career and
main to exercise his clerical functions in this pro- achievements of that holy personage, that Bede was
vince, but crossed the Alps into Italy. Passing enabled from these documents alone to compile a
through Florence, where he was greeted with much prose narrative of his life. We have besides para-
cordiality by Ambrose, he proceeded to Rome, and, phrases of three psalms, the 1st, 2d, and 136th ;
after meeting with a cold reception from Pope Epistles to Ausonius and to Gestidius, two Preca-
Siricius, who probably looked with suspicion on the tiones Matutinae, De S. Joanne Baptista Christi
hasty irregularity of his ordination, reached Nola, Praecone et Legato, in 330 hexameters ; an elegy on
in Campania, where he possessed some property, the death of a boy named Celsus ; an epithala-
soon after Easter A. D. 394. In the immediate mium on the nuptials of Julianus and la [JULIANUS
vicinity of this city were the tomb and miracle- ECLANENSIS), Ad Nicetam redeuntem in Daciam,
working relics of Felix, a confessor and martyr, Ad Jorium de Nolana Ecclesia, Ad Antonium
over which a church had been erected with a few contra Paganos, while the list has been recently
cells for the accommodation of pilgrims. In these swelled by Mai from the MSS. of the Vatican, by
Paulinus, with a small number of followers, took up the addition of two poems, which may however be
his abode, conforming in all points to the observances regarded with some suspicion ; the one inscribed
of monastic establishments, except that his wife | Ad Deum post Conversionem et Baptismum
appears to have been his companion. After nearly suum, the other De suis Domesticis Calamitatibas.
fifteen years passed in holy meditations and acts of As in the case of the Epistolae, the above are
charity, he was chosen bishop of Nola in A. D. 409 differently arranged in different editions. Thns
(or according to Pagi, A. D. 403), and when the the Natalitia are sometimes condensed into thir-
stormy inroad of the Goths had passed away, dis- teen, sometimes expanded into fifteen ; and in like


## p. 145 (#161) ############################################

S.
e in peace and
D. 431.
a narrative all the
d with regard to tas
ese may be eked
be scen upon fra
Le Brun The cay
Gregory, that Panitis
s possessions made a
ld himself into tert,
a of a poor rides, bas
ner considerations, tea
ble, as well as Tube
histories of the Saints
f Paulinus, all etaped
blic life, are still ertal
Carming, and a very short
Gencii Arelatesnis
or, as divided in some e.
ddressed to Sulpicias de
op of Bordeany, to za
cherius, and to or
topics, some being exp
cap. 4.
entirely to domestic axis
er are of a serious cast, benne
ne doctrine, to inicdlcaz sae
nformation upon some
1. Neither in stýle w
regarded as of much ispor
et in so far as they arzda
familiar correspondence di
och, and copres a very plexi-
writer. The most elaburan
mandus), which treats of the
ent, the thirtieth (to Salpos
ward and Outsand Nan, od
Florentios, bishop of Cabos)
Merits of Christ; the ex
-first (to Sererus) on the In-
the mos: lirely is the
arius) on a famous miracle per
A summarr of each composta
cunccius, and longer abscracis
PAULINUS.
PAULINUS.
145
manner the letters to Ausonius are distributed into still be regarded as the standard. It contains the
two, three, or four, according to the conflicting text corrected by a collation of all the best MSS. ,
views of critics.
voluminous commentaries, dissertations, indices, a
3. The authenticity of the Passio S. Genesii has new life of Paulinus, and a variety of documents
been called in question by Rosweyd, but is vindi- requisite for the illustration of his works. The
cated by the concurring testimony of many MSS. first volume of Muratori's Anecdota (4to. Medio-
Among the lost works we may notice the fol- lan. 1697) exhibited in a complete form, from a
lowing :-). Ad Theodosium Panegyricus, a con- MS. in the Ambrosian library, three of the Car-
gratulatory address composed in honour of the mina Natalitia (xi. xii. xiii. ), which had previously
victory gained over Eugenius and Arbogastes. appeared as disjointed fragments, and they are
Although this piece is distinctly described by accompanied by twenty-two dissertations on all
Honorius of Autun (De Script. Ecclcs. ii. 47'; the leading events in the history of Paulinus and
comp. Rufin. Hist. i. 27), Funccius maintains that all the persons with whom he was in any way con-
an error has been committed as to the subject, and nected. These poems were afterwards republished,
argues from the expressions of Paulinus himself with emendations, by Mingarelli in his Anecdoto-
(Ep. 9, and 28), that it was a funeral oration rum Fasciculus (410. Rom. 1756), and by Galland
delivered after the death of the emperor. (See in his Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. viii. (fol. Ven. 1772)
also Hieronym. Ep. 13; Cassiodor. L. S. c. 21 ; p. 211. There is a reprint of Le Brun with the
Gennadius, 48 : Trithem. 117. ) 2. De Poenitentia additional matter from Muratori, fol. Veron. 1736.
et de Laude generali omnium Martyrum, affirmed by The two elegies contributed by Mai are to be
Gennadius to be the most important of all his pro- found in “ Episcoporum Nicetae et Paulini Scripta
ductions. Here again we might conjecture that ex Vaticanis Codicibus edita,” fol. Rom. 1827.
there was some confusion, and that the titles of two (Auson. Ep. 19, 23, 24 ; Paulin. Ep. ad Auson. i.
treatises, one De Poenitentia, the other De Laude 75; Ambros. Ep. 36 ; Augustin. De Civ. Dei, i.
Martyrum, have been mixed up together. 3. Epis- 10 ; Hieronym. Ep. xiii. lviii
. ed. Vallarsi ; Cas-
tolae ad Sororem, on contempt of the world. siodor. I. D. i. ; Gennad. De Script. Eccles. 48 ;
4. Epistolae ad Amicos. 5. Suetonii Libri III. de Honor. August. ii. 47; Trithem. 117; Idato
Regibus in epitomen versibus redacti, loudly com- Chron. ; Gregor. Dialog. iii. l; Surius, de pro-
mended by Ausonius, who has preserved nine batis SS. Historiis, vol. xxii. ; Pagi, Ann. 431, n. 53;
lines. 6. A translation of Recognitiones, attributed Schönemann, Bibl. Patrum Lat. vol. i.
to Clemens (CLEMENS ROMANUS). We hear also $ 30; Bähr, Geschichte der Röm. Litterat. Suppl.
of a Sacramentarium and a Hymnarium.
Band, Ite Abtheil. § 23—25, 2te Abtheil. 8
The Epistles Ad Marcellain and Ad Celantiam, | 100. )
(W. R. )
together with the poems, Exhortatio ad Conjugem, PAULI'NUS, ANI'CIUS, consul in a. D. 698
De Nomine Jesu, and à Vita S. Martini in six with Joannes Scytha (Chron. Pasch. ; Cod. Just.
books, do not belong to this father.
5. tit. 30, s. 4.
The enthusiastic commendations bestowed upon PAULI'NUS, M. AURE'LIUS, consul A. D.
the learning and genius of Paulinus by his con- 277 with the emperor M. Aurelius Probus. (Cod.
temporaries, and repeated by successive generations Just. 8. tit. 56. s. 2. )
of ecclesiastical critics, if not altogether unmerited, PAULI'NUS, LO'LLIUS. (LOLLIUS, No. 5. )
have at least been too freely lavished. Although PAULI'NUS, POMPEIUS, commanded in
well versed in the works of the Latin writers, his Germany along with L. Antistius Vetus in A. D. 58,
knowledge of Greek was very imperfect, and he and completed the dam to restrain the inundations
occasionally betrays much ignorance regarding the of the Rhine, which Drusus had commenced sixty-
common facts of history. The quotations from three years before. In A. D. 62 he was appointed,
Scripture so frequently adduced in support or along with L. Piso and Ducennius Geminus, to
illustration of his arguments, will be found in many the superintendence of the public revenues. On
instances to be strangely twisted from their true sig- this occasion Tacitus calls him consularis ; but his
nification, while his allegorical interpretations are in name does not occur in the consular fasti (Tac.
the highest degree far-fetched and fantastic. His Ann. xiii. 53, xv.