No More Learning

750 Fall of the Umayyads.
751-768 Pepin king.
754-756 Prankish Interventions in Italy.
755 Death of Boniface.
'Abd-ar-Rahman Caliph in Spain.
756 Desiderius king of the Lombards.
757-796 Offa king in Mercia.
759 Pepin's conquest of Septimania.
768-771 Charles and Carloman.
771-814 Charles alone.
772-795 Pope Hadrian 1.
772-804 Saxon Wars.
774 End of the Lombard kingdom.
778 Roncevalles.
787 Second Council of Nicaea.
Submission of Benevento.
Deposition of Tassilo.
787-802 Archbishopric of Lichfield.
794 Diet of Frankfort.
795 Capture of the Avar Ring.


## p. 821 (#853) ############################################

Chronological Table 821
795-816 Pope Leo III.
799 Outrage on Pope Leo (25 Mar. ).
800 Arrival of Charles at Rome (24 Nov. ).
The Imperial Coronation (25 Dec. ).
807-811 Danish Ware.
811 Completion of the Spanish March.
814 Death of Charles (28 Jan. ).
831 Saracen conquest of Palermo.
846 Saracen attack on Rome.
859 Saracen conquest of Sicily completed.
871 Capture of Bari from the Saracens.
909-1171 Fatimites in Egypt.
915 Saracens driven from the Garigliano.
1038-1040 Campaigns of Maniakes in Sicily.
1061-1091 Norman conquest of Sicily.


## p. 822 (#854) ############################################

822
INDEX
Aar, River, 110
Aaron of Caerleon-upon-Usk, martyr, 497
and note
Abasgi (Abasges), SS; support Heracliua,
294; under Arab protection, 416
'Abbas, uncle of Mahomet, 313; converted
to Islam, 324; opposes faction of Abu
Bakr, 334
'Abbas, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414 sq.
'Abbas, son of Walid, military successes of,
412
'Abbas ibn al-Fadl, Aghlabid prince, takes
Castrogiovanni, 382; plunders Calabrian
coast, 386
Abbasids, the, 337, 868 sqq. , 363; ascend-
ancy of, 364, 378; make an alliance with
Pepin, 604; with Charles the Great, 615
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Musa, sent to suppress
revolt at Seville, 186, 373; governor of
Spain, 373
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Walid, raids by, 412,
414
'Abd-al-'Aziz, brother of 'Abd-al-Malik,
viceroy in Egypt, 363
'Abdallah, father ot Mahomet, 305
'Abdallah ibn 'Amir, general, conquers
Istakhr, 348; winters in Crete, 397
'Abdallah ibn Kais, and the raid on Sicily,
380
'Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn 'Abl Sarh, governor
of Upper Egypt, work of, 352 sq. ; cam-
paign of, 367; 393
'Abdallah ibn Ubayy, a chief of the Ehazraj,
opposes Mahomet, 314; 318
'Abdallah, brother of Walid, takes Theo-
dosiopolis, 410
'Abdallah ibn az-Zubair, opposes Tazid,
359 sq. ; defeated, 360; 369; 407
'Abd-al-Malik, Caliph, defeats Zubair faction,
361; work of, to. ; fiscal reforms of, 362;
prosperity of the empire under, 363 ; 369;
371; renews the peace, 406; renews war,
407; 412
'Abd-al-Muttalib, grandfather of Mahomet,
305
•Abd-al-'Uzza (Abu Lahab), uncle of Ma-
homet, opposes the Prophet, 310
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of 'Abdallah, Arab
governor, invades the south of France,
129,374; killed, ib.
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn 'Auf, at the election
of the Caliph, 355
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Habib, independent
of the Caliph, 377; death, 378; attacks
Syracuse, 381
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of Khalid, invades
imperial territory, 396
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, founds
western Caliphate, 378; Charles the
Great makes war on, 604; 605
Abercorn, bishopric set up at, 559
Aberdeen Breviary, the, cited, 510
Aberdour, 513
Abingdon, 561
Abraham, patriarch, said to have founded
the Ka'ba, 325
Abrantes, 166
Abruzzi, the, Bulgars receive lands in, 443
Abu Bakr, Caliph, friend of Mahomet, 307;
goes to Medina, 313; daughter of, marries
Mahomet, 316; 332; elected caliph,
333 sq. ; defeats insurgents, 335 sq. ; 338;
death, 342; 347,354
Abu-1-Aghlab Ibrahim, Aghlabid prince,
takes Messina, 382
Abu-1-A'war, and the battle of Phoenix,
353, 393
Abu-1-Hakam (Abu Jahl), slain, 317
'Abu-1-Khattar, restores order in Spain, 377
Abu Muslim, general, defeats the Umay-
yads, 364
Abu Sa'id, descendant of Visigothic royal
house, 186
Abu Sufyan, and the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318 ; 322; promotes
the surrender of Mecca, 324
Abu Talib, uncle and protector of Mahomet,
305,307; rejects Mahomet's doctrine, 310;
death, 311
Abu 'Ubaida, 332; at Abu Bakr's election,
333; appointed governor of Syria, 344 sq. ;
death, 346
Abydus, Heraclius at, 288
Abyssinia, spread of Christianity to, 35;
271; Mahomet's disciples take refuge in,
310
Abyssinians, the, overthrow the Sabaeans,
303; 310
Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople,
schism of, 1; name effaced from diptychs,
5; 688


## p. 823 (#855) ############################################

Indea:
828
Acacius Archelaus, general, sent to com-
mand army before Nisibis, 272
Acerenza, assaulted by Constans II, 205,
394
Achaia, plundered by Slavs, 296
Achila (Agila), King of the Visigoths, 182;
deposed by Roderick, 183 sq. ; in league
with the Arabs, 185 sq.
Achud. See Clonkeen
Acisclus, St, Agila profanes tomb of, 163
Acroinus (Prymnessus), Maslama at, 417
Adalgis, son of Desiderius the Lombard,
made co-regent, 219; at Werona, 220;
flees to Constantinople, ib. , 599; 600;
remains a patricius at Constantinople,
602
Adaloald, titular king of the Lombards,
brought up as a Catholic, 202, 250;
death, ib.
Adam of Bremen, cited, 424, 482, 484
Adamnan, Life of St Columba by, 510,
513; 535
Adarmaanes, Persian general, invades Syria,
272 sq.
Adarnase I, made king of Iberia by
Heraclius, 297 note
Adata, occupied by Arabs, 393; 396
Adda, River, 206
Aºun, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Additions to Tirechan's Collections, cited,
503
Adel, near Leeds, inscription at, 476
Adelfius, Bishop of Lincoln, at the Council
of Arles, 498
Adelgis, King of Frisia, welcomes St Wil-
frid, 535
Adelhard, Abbot of Corvey, 668
Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, marries
Arichis of Benevento, 217
Adeodatus, Pope, rejects Constantine's
synodical, 404
Adeodatus, Numidian primate, and Gregory
the Great, 253
Adhruh, arbitration court held at, 357
Adige (Etsch), River, 606
Administrative system of Justinian (the
East),37 sqq. , (African), 22 sq. , ch. vin(A);
of the Franks (Merovingian), 137 sqq. ,
(Carolingian), ch. xxi. ; of the English,
550 sq. ; of the Lombards, 207–210, 648;
of the Slovenes, 445 sqq.
Adoptianism, Charles the Great summons
synods to deal with, 616
Adoulis, port, 41
Adramyttium, mutineers elect Theodosius
emperor at, 416
Adriatic Sea, the, 15, 205; Saracens in,
384, 387; the Serbs on, 438; 443, 445,
577, 615, 693, 700
Aedui, the, 460
Aega, Mayor of the Palace, 125, 157
Aegean Sea, Slav raids extend to, 31;
395 sq. , 438
Aegidius, general, 109
Aelle, King of Deira, 237, 522
Aeron (Agröna), goddess, 477
Aescingas, the, 634
Aesir, the, 484
Aesus, god, 473
Aethelbald, King of Mercia, growth of
Church endowments under, 563 sq. ; 569
Aethelberht, King of Kent, 255, 515; his
reception of the missionaries, 516; bap-
tism, ib. and note; 517, 519; death, 521;
522; code of, 548, 561 sq. ; cited, 567
Aethelburga (Tata), daughter of Aethelberht,
marries Edwin of Northumbria, 522;
takes flight, 525, 544
Aethelburga, daughter of Anna of East
Anglia, abbess of Brie, 525
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria (Bernicia),
victories of, 521 sq. ; defeat and death,
522, 543; 545
Aethelred, King of Mercia, defeats Ecgfrith
of Northumbria, 557; aids Wilfrid, 559;
abdicates and becomes a monk, 562;
563
Aethelric, King of Bernicia, 522
Aethelstan, King of England, accepts Hákon
as foster-son, 635
Aethelthryth (Aetheldreda, Audrey), found-
ress of Ely, 525; translation of the body
of, 559
Aethelwalch, King of Sussex, becomes
Christian, 530, 553, 559; slain, 560
Aethelwald, King of Deira, 529
Aetherius, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Aëtius, Roman general, and the Visigoths,
109
Aëtius, patricius, opposes marriage proposed
for the empress, 624
Africa, persecution of Catholics in, 9 sq. ,
48; 11; war in, 12 sq. ; imperial rule
restored in, 13 sq. , 19; 16, 18; system
of civil governmentin, 20 sq. ; Justinian's
forts in, 22; wretched condition of, 23 sq. ;
28, 32; persecution of Arians in, 44;
inhabitants protest against action of
Vigilius, 47; 52, 53, 95, 129; Gisalic in,
161; Visigothic expedition to, 163; Visi-
gothic refugees in, 176; Muslims gain a
footing in, 179; conspiracy of Jews in,
181; sons of Witiza takerefugein, 183sq. ;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; 225; estates of the Church
in, 242; 248; the Church in, 252 sq. ,
256, 263, 267; expedition for overthrow
of Phocas prepared in, 287; Heraclius
and, 290, 292, 300 sq. ; 353; the Ibádites
in, 357; spread of Islám in, ch. xII
passim; under Mu‘āwiya ibn Hudaij,
367 sq. ; Arabs driven from, 369; Arabs
recover, 370 sq. ; 373; 375; Arabs and
Berbersin, 376; separate states formedin,
377 sq. ; 379; and the conquest of Sicily,
380 sqq. ; 388 sqq. ; Pyrrhus escapes to,
892; 394 sq. ; synods held in, 400; 408,
410, 413, 429, 500 sq. , 702


## p. 824 (#856) ############################################

824
Indea:
Agapetus, Pope, deposes Anthemius, 45;
46
Agathias, historian, cited, 4, 34, 51
Agatho, Pope, refuses conference with Con-
stantinople, 404; holds a synod, ib. ;
405; Wilfrid appeals to, 557 sqq. ; 690,
692
Agaunum, monastery of, restored by Sigis-
mund, 117
Agde, Charles Martel destroys fortifications
of, 129; bishopric established at, 142;
179; Arabs expelled from, 582
Agen, 125
Agericus, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, 122
Aghagower, St Patrick founds a church at,
506
Aghanagh, church founded at, 506
Aghlabids, the, lead invasion of Sicily, 378;
end of kingdom of, 379; conquer Sicily,
381 sqq.
Agila, King of Visigoths, persecutes Catho-
lics, 18, 163; defeated, 19, 163; assas-
sinated, 163; 164
Agila, son of Witiza, king of the Visigoths.
See Achila
Agilbert (Albert), Bishop of Wessex (Win-
chester), leaves Wessex, 530
Agilolfings, family of, supreme in Bavaria,
128, 633
Agilulf, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 201; marries Theodelinda,
ib. , 243; reign, ib. ; death, 202; 203,217;
attacks Rome, 244; his meeting with
Gregory, 245; makes a treaty with the
Empire, 249; further conquests, 250;
possibly a Catholic, ib.
Agra, 166
Agricola, son of Severianus, teaches Pela-
gianism in Britain, 500
Agriculture of the Lombards, 197; of the
Slavs (Polesie), 423; Teutonic communal,
636 sqq.
Aguntum. See Innichen
Ahl ar-Ridda, secessionist party, 335
Ahmad, Amir, and the rebellion in Sicily,
389
Ahmad ibn Kurhub, leader of Saracens in
Sicily, supports the Abbasid Caliph, 387;
executed, 388
Ahmed Anasiri Asalaui, cited, 183
Aidan (Aedan), Bishop of Lindisfarne, 524;
bishop and abbot at Lindisfarne, 526,
545; death, 527; 528, 546, 554 sq.
Aila (“Akaba), trade route from, 41, 340 sq.
Ailbe, presbyter, ordained by St Patrick,
503
Ailbeus, Irish saint, 503
Ailill, children of, 503
Ailred, Life of St Ninian by, 510 sq.
Ainstable, inscriptions at, 475
Aion, duke, defeated by Hermenegild, 169
Aire, River, 544 note, 545
. Aisch, River, 452
‘A’isha, wife of Mahomet, influence of 316;
327; opposes Ali, 356
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, chosenking
215; anti-Roman policy, ib. , 695; and
the pope, 215 sq. , 233, 582 sqq. , 53.
699; takes Ravenna, 215, 232, 695; sº
war with the Franks, 216; besieges Bome
ib. , 583, 589; defeated, 217, 589; makes
terms with pope and emperor, ib. , 700;
death, 217, 589,695; 228; 580, 597, 544.
648, 694, 696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), 145; Götriº
threatens to enter, 614; Greek ambas-
sadors recognise Charles the Great as
emperor at, 624; death of Charles st
625; Assembly held at (802), 673, 682:
696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), Bishop ºf
See Protasius
Ajnādain (Jannābatain), battle of, 341 sq.
Ajo, son of Arichis of Benevento, killed in
battle, 204
Akaba, Gulf of, 41
Akbas, fort of, taken by Romans, 277 mate
“Akrabã, battle of, 336
‘Aküba, battle of, 367
Alagors, River, 166
Alamoundar, Saracen chief, 267
Alans (Alani), 35; incited to attack the
Abasgi, 416
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 692
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, 57; issues
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 58, 160, 174,
178; surrenders Syagrius, 110, 159;
and the bishops, 113, 160; slain, 114,
160; and the revolt of the Bagaudae, 151
Alba, 499
Albacete, 164, 167
Alban, St, martyrdom of, 497
Albania, 279; ravaged by Chazars, 297
Albania (Alban), district of Scotland, 512
Albanians, the, 441
Albelda, chronicle of, cited, 182, 185
Albi, 114, 160
Albofleda (Audefleda), sister of Clovis,
marries Theodoric, 111
Alboin, King of the Lombards, helped by
Avars destroys Gepid kingdom, 195, 268,
436; marries Rosamund, 195; invades
Italy, 196; reigns in Italy, ib. ; murdered,
ib. ; daughter of, sent to Constantinople,
ib. ; 199, 692 sq.
Alcántara, 166
Alcaraz, 164
Alcarria, 168
Alchfrid, King of Northumbria, 530; under.
king of Deira, 552; and Wilfrid, 554;
driven from Deira, 555
Alciocus (Alzeco), Bulgar leader, 443
Alclyde, fortress, 511
Alcuin, and the works of Isidore of Seville
193; cited, 483, 618, 617, 628; 527; at
the school of York, 574; at the court of
Charles the Great, ib. , 663; and the
Libri Carolini, 616; 620, 702; and the
guilt of Leo III, 704
Alderminster, 558


## p. 825 (#857) ############################################

Indea:
825
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, and Wilfrid,
559, 562; letter of Aldhelm to, 573
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, appointed,
561; literary work of, 573 sq.
Alemannia, duchy of, abolished, 129; falls
to share of Carloman, 130, 595; St
Columbanus in, 148
Alemannic Law, the, cited, 633, 653, 680
Alemans (Alemanni), the, chased from
Italy, 12; devastations of, 23; 110 sq. ;
attacked by Clovis, 112 sq. ; settled in
the Alps, 113; 116; under Frankish
dominion, 118 sq. ; subjugated by
Pepin II, 128; 134; date of law of, 138;
converted by St Gall, 148; fight the Slavs,
203; 672
Aleppo, taken by Muslims, 344
Alexander the Great, 330, 689
Alexander, adherent of Phocas, kills Theo-
dosius and Constantine, 284; is put to
death, ib.
Alexandria, Theodora at, 25; importance
of export trade of, 41; law school sup-
pressed, 61; Gregory the Great and the
patriarchate of 241, 246; murder of
Justin, son of Germanus, at, 267; feud
of Blues and Greens in, 285; religious
disturbances in, 286; taken by Nicetas,
287; besieged by the Persians, 290 sq. ;
taken, 292; 298; 349; taken by Saracens,
351; retaken and again lost, 352; 366 sq. ;
Arab ships built at, 393; 399; represented
at Sixth General Council, 404; 467
Alexandria, Bishops and Patriarchs of. See
Anastasius, Athanasius, Cyril, Cyrus,
Dioscorus, Eulogius, George, Theodore,
Theodosius
Alfonso II, of Spain, 190
Alfonso III, of Spain, chronicle of, cited,
186
Alfonso V, of Spain, 190
Alfred, King of England, 561; and Mercian
law, 565
Algarves, the, 173, 175
Algeciras, attacked by Muslims, 179; taken,
184
Algeria, 378; the Hammâdids in, 379
Ali (‘Ali), cousin and son-in-law of Ma-
homet, 307, 313, 333; on the Board of
Election, 355; becomes caliph, 356;
opposed by Mu‘āwiya and 'Amr, 357;
murdered, 358; 376, 378 sq.
Aller, River, 612
Allobroges, the, 464
Allonne, inscription at, 474
Almansa, 164
Almeria, 167
Alpes Maritimae, province, 142, 145
Alps, Mts, form boundary of province of
Italy, 18; Alemans in, 113; 146; Lom-
bards cross, 196, 200, 203; (Cottian)
patrimony of pope in, restored, 211 sq. ;
Pope Stephen crosses, 215, 233, 584, 695;
the Franks cross into Italy, 216, 580;
Bertrada crosses, 218; fortresses on, 225;
Avars in, 296; 443, 445, 449, 582, 587,
598, 687, 699, 701
Alsace, Alemans in, 110 sqq. ; 137; 474;
assigned to Carloman, 595
Altaian-Magyars, the, 425
Altaians, the, 425, 433 sq. , 439; Rou-
manians a branch of, 440; 443, 452
Altinum, retaken by imperialists, 200
Altmühl, River, 657
Alzeco. See Alciocus
Alzey, inscription at, 476
Amalaric, son of Alaric II, becomes king
of the Visigoths, 114, 161 ; minority,
161 sq. ; personal rule, 162; death, ib.
Amalasuntha, daughter of Theodoric, as
regent, 6, 10; treats with Justinian, 10,
14; fall and death, ib.
Amalfi, 228; gradually acquires indepen-
dence, 234; and the Saracens, 385
Amanaburg, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Amandus, St, missionary bishop, preaches
to the Basques and others, 125, 534
Amanus, Mts, form boundary of Caliph's
territory, 344, 354; 361
Amasia, 412; taken by Arabs, 414
Amastris, 411
Ambaethon (Ambactènos), god, 477
Ambérieux, assembly of, 117
Ambléve, Charles Martel victorious at, 128
Amboise, meeting of kings near, 113
Ambros, Arab chieftain, 267
Ambrose, St, Bishop of Milan, 71
Ameria, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
America, 190, 420, 482
Amida, fortress at, 33; Philippicus and
Mebodes meet at, 277; 278; surrenders
to Persia, 285; 294; Heraclius winters
_ at, 299; 393
Amina, mother of Mahomet, 305
Amir al-Mu'minin, title of the Caliphs, 333
Ammaia (Amaya), capital of the Cantabri,
taken, 167
Ammon, temple of, 44
Amnesia, 397
Amolngaid, Irish king, and St Patrick, 507
Amorium, attacked by Arabs, 393, 396;
taken by Arabs, 317; recovered, ib. ;
siege of, 417
Ampelius, governor of Spain under Theo-
doric, 162
‘Amr ibn al-'As, converted to Islám, 323;
commands in Syria, 340 sq. , 345; con-
quers Egypt, 350 sq. ; character, 350;
superseded, 352; outwits Ali, 356; takes
possession of Egypt, ib. ; occupies
Tripolis, 366; 367
Ana, goddess, 477
Anagartus, patrician, 168
Anagni (Nanó), 225
Anastasia, mother of Justinian II, ill-
treated, 409; attempts to save Tiberius,
413 sq.
Anastasius I, Eastern Emperor, death, 1 ;
his name effaced from the diptychs, 5;
and the Greens, 7 sq. ; 21 ; his plans for


## p. 826 (#858) ############################################

826
Indea:
the Empire, 27; and the Persian war,
28; 29; builds the Long Wall, 33;
religious policy, 45; financial success
of, 49; 51,68; confers patent of consular
rank on Clovis, 115, 134, 140
Anastasius II (Artemius), Eastern Emperor,
crowned, 415; ecclesiastical policy, ib. ;
firm rule, ib. ; deposed, 416; becomes a
monk, ib.
Anastasius, Patriarch of Antioch, at Con-
stantinople, 239
Anastasius, Jacobite Patriarch of Alexandria,
expelled, 286
Anastasius, bishop, sent by Gregory III to
Charles Martel, 130
Anastasius, quaestor of the palace, 267
Anastasius, betrays a plot to Phocas, 286
Anastasius, treasurer of St Sophia, sent as
ambassador to the Persians, 290
Anatolia, 284
Anchialus, 280
Ancona, held by imperialists, 17; burnt by
Saracens, 384; 693
Ancyra, taken by Arabs, 393
Andalusia, 163; conquests of Leovigild in,
167, 170
Andalusians, the, victorious at Cordova, 163
Andarta, goddess, 463 sq.
Andeca, Suevic noble, usurps the crown,
170; tonsured and banished, ib.
Andelot, pact of Guntram and Childebert II
at, 122
Andescox, god, 473
Andreas, captain of shield-bearers, 279
Andrew, St, relics of, brought to Scotland,510
Andrew, Bishop of Crete, 414
Andrew, chamberlain, detains the family
of Constans, 395; envoy to Mu‘āwiya,
396; kills Sergius, 397; takes Amorium, ib.
Andrew, envoy to the Chazars, 297
Andrew, son of Troilus, murders Constans
II, 395; executed, ib.
Andrew of Wyntoun, Orygynale Chronykil
of Scotland of, 509
Anextiomarus, 473
Angers, 141
Angilbert, Abbot of St Riquier, 619 sq. , 663
Angilram, Bishop of Metz, 662
Angles. See English
Anglesey,473; conquered by Edwin, 543; 550
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the, cited, 543, 563
Anglo-Saxons, the, and the mission of
Augustine, 124; 131; in request as slaves,
149; 158, 642
Angoulême, captured by Clovis, 114, 160
*::: River, boundary of duchy of Spoleto,
93
Anna, King of East Anglia, 525, 545;
Coenwalch flees to, 546; slain, 547
Annales Cambriae, cited, 501, 512 sq.
Annales Einhardi, cited, 601, 610,614, 621,
665, 672, 705, 706 note; description of
Charles the Great given in, 626 sq.
Annales Laureshamenses (Annals of Lorsch),
cited, 620, 623,672, 682
Annals of Tighernac, cited, 513
Annals of Ulster, cited, 507, 513
Annegray, monastery of, founded by S.
Columbanus, 147
Annwfn, 478
Anociticus, god, 479
Anona, taken by Remismund, 165
Anonymus de conversione Bagariorum &
Carantanorum, cited, 452
Ansar, the, 333, 336, 358
Ansegis, son of Arnulf, made Mayor of the
Palace, 125; marries Begga, 126
Anselm, palgrave, falls at Roncesvalles, tº
Ansprand, guardian of Liutpert, Lombard
king, defeated, 210; flees to Bavaria.
211; his family mutilated, ib. ; return,
ib. ; reign, ib. ; death, ib.
Antae, in the imperial army, ll: settle ºn
the Danube, 30; ravage Illyricum, 31:
35; as allies of Rome, 281; 421; attacked
by Goths, 431; defeated by Avars, 435 sq. ;
442
Antenociticus, god, 473, 479
Antequera, 164; Gothic relics found at, 13
Anthemius, Emperor of the West, morelia
of, 57
Anthemius, Bishop of Trebizond, appointed
to see of Constantinople, 45; deposed, ii.
Anthemius of Tralles, and church of St
Sophia, 40
Antioch, Theodora at, 25; taken by Per
sians (540), 29; 33; rebuilt, 40; patriarch
ordained at, 46; Gregory the Great and
the patriarchate of, 241, 246; taken by
Persians (573), 272; Priscus in, 278;
feud of Blues and Greensin, 285; religious
disturbances in, 286; battle at, 289; 343;
taken by Muslims, 344; Athanasius and
the patriarchate of, 398; imperial troops
hold, 406; 407; Romans victorious near,
410
Antioch in Pisidia, Arabs winter at, 335;
taken by Arabs, 414
Antioch, Patriarchs of. See Anastasius
George, Gregory, Macarius, Macedonius
Paul, Severus, Theophanes
Antiochus, praefect, 56
Anti-pope. See Constantine
Antocus, god, 473
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, and Theodora it
Antoninus Pius, T. , Emperor, and law re-
specting slaves, 62 sq. ; and law cor-
cerning adopted persons, 68
Aosta, taken by Franks, 198
Apamea, taken by Persians, 272; 404
Apelles, law professor, 56
Apennine Mts, Goths repulsed in, 17; Duke
Faroald forces passage of, 198; King
Agilulf crosses, 201; Agilulf gives landia.
to Columbanus, 202; King Rothari
crosses, 203; 204; Liutprand crosses,
214; 217, 228, 232 sq. ; frontier of the
Empire, 693
Aphoumon, fortress of, captured by Maurice,
275; Philippicus retreats to, 278



## p. 827 (#859) ############################################

Indea:
827
Aphraates, general, commands the left at
the battle of Solochon, 277
Apollinaris, son of Sidonius, at battle of
Wouglé, 114, 160
Apollinarius, the younger, Bishop of Lao-
dicea in Syria, punishment of followers
of, 108
Apollo, 462, 464, 473 sqq.
Apollonia, Tiberius flees to, 411
Apsich, arranges terms of settlement be-
tween Romans and Avars, 269; at the
battle of Solochon, 277 and note; sent
against the Antae, 281
Apsilians, 35
Apsimar. See Tiberius
Apulia, 228; the Saracens reach, 384; 388;
Bulgars in, 443; 588
Aquae Sulis. See Bath
Aquileia, destroyed by Lombards, 196;
schismatic bishop of, takes refuge with
the Lombards, 202; patriarchate divided,
206; 538; diocese of, sends missionaries
to the Avars, 609
Aquileia, Bishops of.
donius, Severus
Aquitaine (Aquitania), rule of Dagobert in,
125; independence of, 128; suzerainty of,
conferred on Pepin, 130; Roman law
longest in force in, 138; under the
Franks, 162; 534; Grifo in, 587; Pepin
conquers, 592 sq. , 604; half assigned to
Charles by Pepin, 594 sq. ; half assigned
to Carloman, 595; assigned to Louis,
605; 606
Aquitaine, Eudo, Duke of, 128; and the
Arab invasion, 129, 374; 131; and the
Berber Munusa, 376
— Hunald, Duke of, defeated by Charles
the Great, 131, 595; retires to a monas-
tery, 131
— Waifar, Duke of, at war with Pepin,
131, 593; death, 593
Aquitanians, harass retreat of the Arabs,
129; 459; heathen deities of, 460 sqq. ;
oppose Frankish rule, 595
Arab Empire, the, dissensions in, 129;
founded, 358; 360; work of Mu‘āwiya
for, 361; fiscal system of, 362; greatest
expansion of, 363
Arabia, Roman law in, 58; early condition
of, 302 sq. , 331; Hanifs in, 306; ex-
pectation of a prophet in, 314 note; 315;
the Jews in, 319; despotism of Mahomet
in, 321 sqq. ; Ridda war in, 334 sqq. ;
Muslim conquests in, 338 sqq. ; 352;
ceases to be centre of empire, 356; the
Ibádites in, 357
Arabian geographer, the, cited, 432 sqq.
Arabissus, birthplace of Maurice, 275;
Heraclius meets Sahrbarāz at, 299; taken
by Arabs, 393; 396
Arabs, the (Arabianism, Arabians), serve in
imperial army, 11; 28, 35, 41; Christian
missions to, 46; and the conquest of
Spain, 118, 128; invade the south of
See Calistus, Mace-
France, 129; 130; helped by Jews, 174;
help the sons of Witiza, 184; victorious
at Lake Janda, 185; 187; in Persia, 263;
in pre-Muslim times, 302 sqq. ; spread of
monotheism among, 306; 308; Judaised
clans of, 312; 316, 319 sq. ; at battle of
Mu'ta, 323, 325; calendar of, 326; 327
sq. ; expansion of, chs. x1 and xII passim;
hostile to the Berbers in Sicily, 389; 392;
in Asia Minor, 393 sqq. ; 400, 402 sqq. ;
and Justinian II, 406, 412; successes in
reign of Philippicus, 414; at the siege of
Amorium, 417; treat with Leo, ib. ; 597;
atwar with Charles the Great, 604 sq. ;646.
See also Saracens
Aradus, taken by Arabs, 353
Aragon, 175
Aramaeans, the, 331, 345, 365
Ararat, province, 293, 298
Arausio. See Orange
Araxes, River, 279; Heraclius crosses, 294,
298; 353
Arcadius, Emperor of the East, 55, 101, 103
Arcadius, Bishop of Cyprus, and the Mono-
thelete controversy, 398
Arces (Arsissa), Sarbar defeated at, 294
Archaeopolis, besieged, 412
Archelais. See Colonia
Archidona, taken by Arabs, 372
Archipelago, the, fortifications of, 33
Architecture, Merovingian, 157 sq. ; Wisi-
gothic, 193
Arciaco, god, 473
Ardagast, 453
Ardennes, the, 459, 461 sq.
Aregenses, 167
Areobindus, governor in Africa, murdered,
13
Ares, 485
Arethas, King of the Axumitae, Justin II
sends a mission to, 271
Argebald, Bishop of Narbonne, joins in
rebellion against Wamba, 179
Argimund, Visigothic duke, 172
Argyle, county, 511
Arianism, Justinian and, 44; Clovis and,
114; Hermenegild abjures, 168, 259;
modification of admission form, 169;
171; long continuance of, in Spain,
172 sq. ; adopted by Lombards, 194, 202;
extirpated from Africa, 252; Recared
abjures, 260; possibly introduced into
Britain, 500; in Italy, 688
Arians, the, persecuted by Justinian, 5, 44,
110; among Visigoths, 113, 160; con-
version required by Clovis, 114, 160;
condemned by Council of Epačne, 117;
meeting of bishops at Toledo, 169; re-
bellions of, in Spain, 172 sq. ; suppression
of books of, 192; bishop installed at
Spoleto, 198; favoured by Lombard
kings, 202 sq. ; refuted by Leander of
Seville, 239
Aridius, founds a monastery, 147
Ariminum. See Rimini


## p. 828 (#860) ############################################

828
Inder
Ariminum, Council of, 498
Arioald, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 202; and Friuli, 203
Aripert, King of the Lombards, favours the
Catholics, 204; daughter of, marries
Grimoald, 205; 394
Aripert II, King of the Lombards, destroys
the descendants of Perctarit, 210 sq. ;
pro-Roman policy, 211
Aristobulus, suppresses the disloyalty of
the troops, 279
Aristotle, works of, sent by Pope Paul into
Francia, 591
Arles, besieged by Franks, 114, 161; 118;
seat of a metropolitan, 145; monasteries
at, 147; trade of, 155; 159; Arabs take,
374; Augustine consecrated at, 516
Arles, Bishops of. See Caesarius, Vergilius
Arles, Council of, British bishops present
at, 498
Arles, province of, and the Papacy, 146,
256,258 sq.
Armagh (Ardd Mache), founded, 507
Armenia, 7; rivalry of Persia and Rome
in, 28 sqq. ; magister militum appointed
for, 32; Justinian's forts in, 33; 35, 39;
Monophysites in, 44 sq.
; Roman law in,
58; disturbances in, 270 sq. ; not men-
tioned in the treaty,272; Persians invade,
274; 276, 278 sqq. ; Maurice raises
recruits in, 283; civil war in, 285;
Persians supreme in, 289 sqq. ; Persians
driven from, 293; 294, 299; Saracens
invade, 353, 393; military rulein, 395sq. ;
Justinian II in, 406; taken by Arabs,
407; 408 sq. ; Romans defeated in, 410
Armenia Quarta, betrayed to the Arabs,
410; Armenians settled in, 414
Armeniaci, the, 396, 416
Armenians, in the imperial army, 11, 343;
religious persecution of, 270 sq. ; 298;
and religious controversy, 403; expelled
from the Empire, 414
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, 194, 639
Arminius, deacon, attends British bishops
at Council of Arles, 498
Armorica, 118 sq. , 466
Armthwaite, 475
Arnefrit, son of Lupus of Friuli, tries to re-
gain the duchy, 205; killed, ib.
Arnfels, 446
Arno, Archbishop of Salzburg, writes to
Alcuin about Leo III, 704
Arnulf, Emperor, as duke of Carinthia,
449; 660
Arnulf, St, Bishop of Metz, resists Brunhild,
123; rules in Austrasia, 124, 126, 136,
575 sq. ; 697, 699
Arnulf, grandson of Pepin II, Mayor of the
Palace in Austrasia, 128
Arrago, River, 166
Arras, 120
Art, poverty of in Gaul, 157 sq. ; of the
Visigoths in Spain, 193; Lombardic, 207;
Christian, in Britain, 501
Artavasdes, son of Witiza, driven fºr
Spain, 182 sq. ; helped by Arabs, 185sº:
re-established at Cordova. 185
Artavazd, commander of the Armenias,
refuses to recognise Theodosius III, 415.
comes to terms with Leo, 417
Arvalus, god, 474
Arvernians (Arverni), the, at the battle ºf
Wouglé, 114; 464
Arxamon, victory of Chosroes II at 285
Arzanene, invaded by Mareianus, 272; is:
, vaded by Maurice, 275; ceded, 406
As, god, 489
Asad, Bedouin tribe, 319,334sq. ; defeatei
336
Asad ibn al-Furāt, leads attack on Sicily.
38. 2
Asaph, Bishop of St Asaph's, 499
Asarius, Byzantine general, defeated ºf
Wisigoths, 173
Ashdown, laid waste, 553
Asia, importance of province, 27; 28.
30 sqq. , 42; religious persecution in 44:
revival of Monophysitism in, 46; 50:
156, 263; Turks in the west of 253:
flight of Maurice to, 282; 283 sqq. ; 232:
Slav raids in, 296; Sahrbarāz in. 239:
330; Arab ion in, ch. xi passis.
365; 377; the Shi'ites in, 379; 331,394
413, 417,429,433, 462
Asia Minor, 46; the Persians in. 290;
Heraclius recovers, 293; 294, 329, 353.
379; Arabs in, 393, 412; 395 sq. ; Sists
settled in, 406; 407,410,437 note, 439,45.
Asnäm, Berbers defeated at, 377
Aspidius, King of Aregenses, 167
Assanam (Assuagin), Roderick said to have
taken refuge at, 185 note
Assyria, 298
Assyrians, 437 note
Asterius, Archbishop of Milan, consecrates
Birinus, 525
Asti, defeat of Frankish army near, 205
Asti, Duke of. See Gundoald
Astorga, resists Leovigild's attack, 165
Asturians, the, in insurrection, 167
Asturias, province, 166, 190; Christian
kingdom of, conquered by Charles the
Great, 604
Athalaric, grandson of Theodorie, king ºf
the Ostrogoths in Italy, 10; death, 14;
161, 643
Athanagild, King of Visigoths in Spain.
helped by Justinian, 19, 163; marriages
of daughters to Frankish kings, liº:
made king, 163; at war with Byzantines.
164; prosperous rule, ib. ; death, ii. .
165, 259; brought up at Constantinople
260, 283
Athanasius, St, Bishop of Alexandria, cited.
498, 500; 688
Athanasius, Patriarch, and the religious
controversy, 398
Athanasius, patrician, 291; ambassador tº
the Avars, 295


## p. 829 (#861) ############################################

Indea:
829
Athelocus, Arian Bishop of Narbonne, con-
spires against Recared, 172
Athens, university closed, 44, 236
Athraelon, meeting of Persian and Roman
envoys at, 274
Atlantic Ocean, the, boundary of Visigothic
kingdom, 159; 166, 369, 459, 615, 685
Atlas Mts, 369
Atropatene, ceded, 406
Atrpatakan, ravaged by
Heraclius in, 298
Attewall (? Ad Murum), Sigebert and Peada
baptised at, 529
Attigny, Widukind baptised at, 612
Attila, King of the Huns, 435
Atzuppius, father of Pope Leo III, 703
Auch, diocese of, included in Frankish
kingdom, 160
Auchindavy, inscription at, 476
Aud, 494
Audoin, King of the Lombards, 195
Audovera, wife of Chilperic, executed,
120
Audus, god, 473
Augila, oasis of, 44
Augsburg, 533
Augusta, fort at, 33
Augustine, St (Aurelius Augustinus), Bishop
of Hippo, Gregory the Great studies the
works of, 237; 618; 628
Augustine, St, first Archbishop of Canter-
bury, his mission to the English, 124,
254 sq. , 496, 516, 697; consecrated,
255; 516 and note; 260; authenticity of
Epistles of, discussed, 517; his questions
addressed to the Pope, 517 sq. ; and the
British Church, 519 sq. ; his gift of
miracles, 520; death, 521; conflicting
views of character, ib. ; 528, 537, 542,
573 sq.
Augustus, C. Octavius, Emperor, 67, 73,
74 sq. , 79, 82, 105 sq. , 108, 194, 467,
706
Augustus (Augulus), legendary British saint,
498
Chazars, 297;
Aurasius, Mt, Kusaila defeated at, 369;
the Kāhina victorious at, 370
Aures Mts, revolt in, 13; 22
Aus, the, at perpetual feud with the Khazraj,
312; and the election of Abū Bakr, 333
Ausinia, goddess, 486
Ausonius, cited, 460
Aust, Augustine probably at, 519
Austerfield, synod held at, 562
Austrasia, Brunhild escapes to, 121; rule
of Brunhild in, 122 sq. ; Mayor of the
Palace for, instituted, 124; rule of Dago-
bert in, 125; 126; Wulfoald, Mayor of
the Palace in, 127; Charles Martel in,
128; conferred on Carloman, 130; 136,
138; 141, 199; Three Chapters Schism
in, 206; 256; slow decline of heathenism
in, 532; synod held in, 539; 549; be-
queathed to Charles the Great, 594 sq. ,
701; Boniface in, 698; 699, 702, 706
Austrasians, the, and Brunhild, 122 sq. ;
and Dagobert, 125; rise against Grimoald,
126; 199
Austria, 609
Autchar (Ogier), duke, envoy of Pepin to
the Pope, 583
Authari (Flavius), elected king of the
Lombards, 199; successes of, 200;
marries Theodelinda, ib. ; death, 201;
treatment of Catholics, 202
Authenticum, 62
Autonomus the Martyr, shrine of, Maurice
lands at, 282; Theodosius taken from,
284
Autun, captured by Ebroin, 127; Gregory's
reproofs to the bishop, 257 sq. ; 259
Autun, Bishops of. See Leodegar, Syagrius
Auvergne, 114, 160; Pepin conquers, 593
Auxerre, St Patrick at, 504
Auxerre, Bishop of. See Germanus
Avars, the, spread westward, 31; 34 sqq. ;
51; form alliance with the Lombards,
195, 201, 250, 268; invade Italy, 203;
flight of Perctarit to, 205; help Grimoald,
ib. ; at war with Eastern Empire, 242;
embassy of, to Justin II, 266; 267;
claim Sirmium, 268; defeat Tiberius,
269; make peace with Rome, ib. ; 273;
rise against the Empire, 275; take
Sirmium, 276; 280; many desert to
Roman army, 281 ; Phocas increases
payments to, 285; treacherously attack
Constantinople, 291 sq. ; make a treaty
with Heraclius, 292; besiege Constanti-
nople, 295 sq. ; ravages of, 296; 297,
300; make peace with the Empire, 398;
428, 432; and the Slavs, 435 sqq. ;
conquer Hungary, 436; transplant Slav
nations, 437 sqq. ; end of nation, 440;
441; in Thuringia, 442 note; 443 sqq. ;
revolt of Slovenes from, 449; 450 sqq. ,
534, 597, 602, 605; and Tassilo of
Bavaria, 607; 608; Rings of, 609; help
the Saxons, 613; acknowledge Charles
the Great, 615; 665, 667
Avenches (Aventicum), 460
Avignon, 1. 12; taken by Theodoric, 117;
retaken from Arabs, 129
Avitus, Bishop of Vienne, and Clovis, 112 ;
poetical work of, 117
Avon, River (Worcestershire), 543
Axum, 35, 41
Axumitae, 34, 271
Azov, Sea of (Palus Maeotis), Avars to the
north of, 31; 41; the Slavs on, 427 sq.
Baalbek, taken by Muslims, 344
Baanes, general, defeated, 342; proclaimed
emperor by troops, 343
Babylon in Egypt, taken by the Persians,
290; taken by the Arabs, 350 sq. ; 357
Babylonia. See ‘Iråk
Badr, battle of, 317 sq.
Baduarius, patrician, son-in-law of Justin II,
defeated by Lombards, 198; supports


## p. 830 (#862) ############################################

830
Index
accession of Justin n, 264; commands
against Lombards and Aran, 268
Baetica, partly tmder Visigothic rule, 159,
163; 168; Catholic insurrection in, 169
Bagai, 370
Bagandae. the, of Tarragona, revolt against
Alaric, 161
Bagdad, 378, 389, 592; Pepin sends am-
bassadors to, 604; 615
Bagrevand, canton of, 274
Bahila, the, tribe of Central Arabia, 334
Bahrain, 336, 348
Bahrain Cobin, governor of Media, defeats
Shaweh Shah, 279; conspires against
Ormizd, 280; supported by troops, ib. ;
pat to flight, ib.
Baian, Khagan of the Avars, makes alliance
with Alboin, 268, 436; negotiates with
Borne, ib. ; makes peace, 269; takes
Sirminm, 276; transplants Slav nations,
437 sq. ; 440, 443 sq.
Baisan (Bethshan), Muslims occupy, 342
Baithene, Abbot of Iona, 526
Bakewell, 473
Bakka. See Mecca
Bakr ibn 'Abd-Manat, Bedouin tribe, 324
Bakr ibn Wall, tribe, 337 sqq. , 348
Balacayas, son of Julian (Urban), apostasy
of, 186
Balder, 485
Balearic Islands, imperial rule established
in, 14, 19, 158; 283; under Frankish
rule, 606
Balkan Mts, Huns in, 36; limit of Bulgarian
kingdom, 440; 633
Balkan peninsula, the, defence of, 33;
ravaged by barbarians, 50; Slavs spread
over, 439 sq. , 445
Balneum Begis, occupied by Lombards, 202
Baltic Sea, the, 419, 426 sq. , 432, 436; limit
of Avar power, 438; 442, 444, 453 sq. ;
limit of Boleslav's kingdom, 455; 456, 614
Balto-Slavonic group, the, 418
Balto-Slavs, the, original home of, 418 sq.
Baits, the, location of, 418, 432
Bamberg, 452
Bam borough, capital of Bemicia, 510, 526,
545; relics of Oswald at, 546
Baneh, 299
Banffshire, 513
Bangor, Bishop of. See Daniel
Banksteed, inscription at, 475
Banon (Banona), goddess, 477
Banu Hanifa, the, 335 sq.
Banu Hashim, clan to which Mahomet
belonged, 304; refuse to desert Mahomet,
311 and note; 359
Banu abi 1-Husain, 388
Banu Kainuka', Jewish clan, banished from
Medina, 318
Banu Midrar, independent Berber dynasty,
378
Banu-n-Nadir, Jewish clan, besieged, 319;
banished from Medina, ib. ; conquered
by Mahomet, 323
Banu Bustam, independent Berber dynasty,
378
Banu SaSda, 333
Banu Shaiban, tribe, 337 sq.
Banu Umayya, 317
Barbate (Guadibeca), River, 185
Barcelona, Gisalic flees to, 161; John of
Biclar banished to, 169; 179 ; on trade
route, 191; 592, 604; taken by the
Franks, 606
Bardengau, the, first home of the Lombards.
194; Charles the Great in, 612
Bardney, Aethelred a monk at, 562
Bards (Bardi), the, Gallic poets, 471
Barbill, 473
Bari, taken by Saracens, 384; 385; becomes
an independent state, 386; recovered by
Byzantines, 387
Barka, taken by Saracens, 351, 366; 367,
369, 377, 380
Barrel, god, 473
Basil I, Eastern Emperor, defeats the
Saracens, 387
Basil, St, Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia,
and the monasteries in Gaul, 147
Basil, Bishop of Gortyna, at Trullan
Council, 408
Basques, the, 119; St Amandus preaches
to, 125, 534; attack the Frankish army
at Bonctsvalles, 605; retain their native
dukes, 677
Basques, duke of the, 125
Basra, Saracens at, 347 sq. , 351; Camel
battle near, 356; 368
Basris, the, in Khuzistan, 348; oppose
Ali, 356; 359
Bastania Malagnefia (Bastetania), attacked
by Leovigild, 166
Bastarnae, conquer the Slavs, 430 sq.
Bastetani, 167
Bath (Aquae Sulis), inscriptions at, 476,
479
Bathildis, Frankish queen, revokes poll-tax,
140
Batnae, 393
Battersea, 572
Batuecas, 166
Bavaria, Agilolfings supreme in, 128; and
Charles Martel, 129; suzerainty of, con-
ferred on Carloman, 130; Christianity
preached in, 148, 533 sq. ; 196, 204; and
Boniface, 537 sqq. , 698; 593 sq. ; Ber-
trada in, 595; allied with Francia, 596;
Franks invade, 597; relations with
Charles the Great, 606 sq. ; included in
Frankish empire, 607 sq.
Bavaria, Garibald, Duke of, marries Lom-
bard princess, 195; 200
Hncbert, Duke of, under Frankish
suzerainty, 538
Odilo, Duke of, resigns territory
to Carloman and Pepin, 131; and the
Church, 538; defeated, 539
Tassilo, Duke of, marries Lint-
perga, daughter of Desiderius the


## p. 831 (#863) ############################################

Indear
831
Lombard, 218, 595; 602; and Charles
the Great, 606 sq. ; deposed, 607; ac-
cused of Herisliz, ib. ; made a monk,
ib. ; character, 608; 677
Bavaria, Teutpert, Duke of,
Ansprand, 211
Theodo, Duke of, and church or-
ganisation, 538
Bavarians, the, 119 ; date of law of, 138;
and the Lombards, 195; fight the Slavs,
203; 206; and the Avars, 439; massacre
Bulgar horde, 442 sq. ; 444, 449, 539,
608, 633, 672
Bayeux, Saxon pirates at, 110; military
colony at, 141
Bazas, captured by Clovis, 114, 160
Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury,
261
Bede, the Wenerable, school founded by,
158; cited, 237,254 sq. ,486,491,496 sq. ,
509, 512 sq. , 516 and note, 517, 519 sq. ,
523 sq. , 526 sq. , 529 sqq. , 543 sqq. ,
550 sqq. , 555 sqq. , 558 sqq. , 564 sq. ,
574, 645; and the letters of Gregory the
Great, 241 ; 511, 536, 541 ; his account
of Edwin of Deira, 543; at Jarrow, 562,
573; 563; life and work, 574
Bedfordshire, 545
Bedouins, the, trade with the Meccans, 304;
form an alliance with the Kuraish, 319;
at the siege of Medina, 320; help the
Meccans, 322, 324; in Mahomet's army,
324; at the battle of Hunain, 325;
340
Begga, daughter of Pepin of Landen, marries
Ansegis, 126
Beja, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Bejar (Pax Julia), Andeca banished to, 170
Beklal (? Beit-Germa), Heraclius reaches,
298
Belatucadrus, god, 473, 475
Belenus (Bélènos), a god of the Kelts, 462
Beleos, family of, 197
Belgae, 459, 471
Belgica Secunda, 110
Belgium, 463
Belgrade (Singidunum), Justinian's castle
at, 33; 276
Belisāma, goddess, 476
Belisarius, distrusted by Justinian, 3; on
Asiatic frontier, 7; quells the Nika Riot,
9; 11; conquers Wandals in Africa, 12 sq. ;
honours, 13; 14; successes in Italy,
15 sq. ; refuses Gothic offer, 16; fails
to recover Italy, 17; 21 ; and Theodora,
26, 30, 46; at Dara, 28; at Callinicum,
ib. ; and the second Persian war, 29;
saves Constantinople from the Huns, 31;
disgraced (562), 51; 225, 263 sq. , 642
Belley, bishopric established at, 142
Bencius, cousin of Roderick, defeated by
Arabs, 185
Benedict I, Pope, gives permission for
Gregory's mission to the English, 237;
recalls him, ib. ; death, 238
shelters
Benedict, St, spread of rule of, 148 sq. ,
237; 235
Benedict Biscop, and church music, 524;
granted land to found Wearmouth, 558;
educational work of, 573
Benefice, beneficium, origin of, 153; among
the Slavs, 445; Teutonic, 645–9
Beneventans (Beneventines), the,
601 sq. , 702
Benevento, city, Romuald besieged in, 205,
394; religious houses founded in, 206;
Liutprand at, 212, 214; remains neutral,
219; Saracens admitted to, 384; taken
by Louis II, 385 sq. ; 387
Benevento, duchy of, founded, 198; 204;
under same government as North Italy,
205; right of coinage in, 208; jurisdiction
in, 209; 211; nobles choose Godescalc,
213; 217; preserves its independence
after Frankish conquest, 220 sq. ; attacks
Naples, 383; divided into two princi-
palities, 384; disturbances in, 386; in-
vaded by Constans II, 394; awarded
by Pepin to the Pope, 588, 599; rises in
revolt, 590; subdued, 591; 597; pros-
perity and importance under Arichis,
601 ; 602; encroachments of, 693, 702;
694
Benevento, Arichis, Duke of, increases his
territory, 201; and the duchy of Friuli,
203; death, 204; threatens Naples, 244
— Arichis II, Duke of, made duke by
Desiderius, 217; marries Adelperga, ib. ;
theoretically king of the Lombards, 220;
conspires against Charles the Great, 600;
independence of, 601; comes to terms,
ib. ; death, 602
Gisulf, Duke of, in the power of Liut-
prand, 212; the duchy restored to, 214
Godescalc, Duke of, opposes Liutprand,
130, 213, 695; surrenders, 214; makes
alliance with Gregory II, 695; and with
Gregory III, ib.
Grimoald, Duke of, son of Arichis of
Benevento, offered as a hostage, 601;
made duke, 602
— Liutprand, Duke of, driven away by
Desiderius, 217
— Radelchis, Duke of, and the Saracens,
384
— Romuald, Duke of, son of Grimoald,
negotiates with imperialists, 205, 394;
becomes Duke of Benevento, 206; treats
with Perctarit, ib. ; takes Brindisi and
Tarento, 693
— Romuald II, Duke of, and Gregory II,
212; death, ib.
— Sikard, Duke of, besieges Naples, 383;
death, 384
— Zotto, Duke of, establishes himself at
Benevento, 198
Bensington, captured by Wulfhere, 553;
battle of, 564
Benwell, inscriptions at, 473, 476, 479
Berāzrūd Canal, 298
216,


## p. 832 (#864) ############################################

832
Index
Berbers, the, revolt of, 18; subdued, 14;
23, 35; revolt against Ma'ddite rule, 129;
183, 227; make peace with the Empire,
267; 283, 287; accept Islam, 365 sq. ;
support the patricius Gregory, 367; and
'Ukba, 368 ; successes of, against Sara-
cens, 369; policy of Hassan towards,
370; invade Spain, 871 sq. ; in Gaul,
374; at feud with the Arabs, 375 sq. ;
rise against the Arabs, 377; form inde-
pendent states, 378; 380, 382, 387;
hostile to the Arabs in Sicily, 389
Berotgils (Boniface), Bishop of Dunwiob,
528
Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury, abbot
of Beculver, 558 sq. ; made archbishop,
559 ; holds a synod, 562
Bergamo, 644
Bergamo, Bothari, Duke of, aspires to the
throne, 211; killed, ib.
Berhta, wife of Aethelberht of Kent, 255,
515
Berkshire, 552, 572
Berlin, 482
Bermudo II, of Spain, 190
Bernard, St, 261
Bernard, uncle of Charles the Great, leads
an army over the Alps, 598
Bernard, grandson of Charles the Great,
appointed under-king of Italy, 624, 659
Bernioia, kingdom of, 510 sq. ; joined to
Deira, 522, 545; Faulinus in, 523; and
the northern missionaries, 526; 527,
544; separated from Deira, 546; 554;
two sees for, 656
Bernicians, the, defeated, 522
Berny-Biviere (Brennacum), villa of Mero-
vingian kings at, 110
Berri, conquered by Pepin, 593
Bertefried, Austrasian noble, attacks Brun-
hild, 122
Bertha, daughter of Charles the Great, 663
Berthar, Mayor of the Palace in Neustria,
defeated at Tertry, 127
Bertoald, Mayor of the Palace, 157
Bertrada, widow of Pepin III, seeks alliance
with Lombard royal family, 218, 596,
701; 219; blessed by Stephen III, 699
Bertramn, Bishop of Le Mans, leaves
property to his see, 144
Berytus, law school at, 61
Besancon, united to see of Lyons, 145; 148
Beuvray, Mt, 460
Bewcastle, 475
Bex, Burgundians victorious near, 198
Beziers, fortifications destroyed, 129; 162,
179; Arabs expelled from, 682
Bibracte, capital of the Aedui, 460
Bieda, attaoked by Lombards, 219
Bilal the Abyssinian, a convert of Mahomet,
310
Bilin, 450
Birdoswald, inscriptions at, 475 sq.
Birinus, Bishop of Dorchester on Thames,
apostle of Wessex, 525, 546
Birrens, inscription at, 476
Birtha, king of. See Lucius Aelius
Bishr, brother of 'Abbas, 415
Biskra, 369
BiBsonnum, 158
Bithynia, 416
Bizerta, 370
Bizye, Maximus in exile at, 403
Blachernae, shrine of the Virgin at, un-
harmed by Avars, 296; mutineers enter
through gate of, 410; Tiberius in church
of the Virgin at, 413 sq. ; rebels enter by
gate of, 416
Black Death, the, 530
Blackmoorland, inscription at, 474
Black Sea, the (Euxine), Justinian holds
the sea-board against the Persians, 30;
32 sq. ; trade on, 41, 155; 266; Persian
troops reach, 292; 419 sq. , 427, 430, 435,
437 note, 500
Bleatarn, 475
Bleda, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
Blemmyea, 35
Blenkinsop Castle, inscription at, 476
Blues, the, faction, struggle with the Greens,
1, 51; support Justinian, 7 sq. ; and the
Nika Biot, 8 sq. ; and the Emperor
Maurice, 281 sq. ; in Antioch and other
cities, 285,287 ; standard of, burnt, 288;
and Justinian II, 409; proclaim Leon-
tius, 410
Boann, goddess, 478
Bobbio, River, 202
Bobbio, monastery of, founded by St
Columbanue, 148
Bodb Catha, Irish war-goddess, 477
Bohmerwald, 462; boundary of the empire
of Charles the Great, 614 sq.
Boethiug, Anicius Manlius Severinas, put
to death, 6
Boethius (Boece), Hector, writes a history
of Scotland, 509
Bohemia, centre of a Slav kingdom, 155;
the Avars in, 436; 487, 442, 445;
Pfemysl prince in, 450; 452 sq. , 067
Bohemians, the, 420, 453; names of clans
among, 454 note; 457
Boisil, Prior of Melrose Abbey, death of,
529
Boleslav Ehrobry, 455
Bologna, Theudibert at, 119; Lombard
boundary extended to, 212; 213, 228,
693
Bonakis, general, defeats the troops of
Phocas, 287
Boniface, St (Winfrid, Bonifatius), Arch-
bishop of Mainz, 128 sq. ; receives in-
vestiture from the Pope, 130; probably
present at consecration of Pepin, 131;
submits Germanic converts to the papacy,
146; ecclesiastical reform of, 149; and
the letters of Gregory the Great, 241,
517 ; cited, 421; 523, 532 sq. ; letter to,
cited, 534; 535; at Borne, 536; in
Frisia, ib. ; consecrated, 537; work of,


## p. 833 (#865) ############################################

Indea: 833
537–541; made archbishop, 588, 698;
councils held by, 539 sq. ; leaves Fulda,
541 ; death, ib. ; burial, ib. ; importance
of his work, 541 sq. , 576; anoints Pepin,
581, 659; 583, 592, 616, 647, 697 sqq. ,
702
oniface IV, Pope, and Columbanus, 500
oniface V, Pope, 618
onifacius, Earl of Tyrrhenia, raids North
African coast, 381
onneuil, 115 -
ionosus, Count of the East, sent to quell
riot in Antioch, 286; and in Jerusalem,
287; defeats forces of Heraclius, ib. ;
driven from Egypt, ib. ; killed, 288
Honus, general, holds Sirmium against the
Avars, 268; recalled, 269; 292; negotiates
with the Avars, 295; holds Constantinople
against the barbarians, 296
took of Deer, the, cited, 513
3ook of Edifices, the, lauds Justinian, 2
}ook of Leinster, the, cited, 478
Sorbo, 460
}ordeaux (Burdigala), Ruricius at, 113;
captured by Clovis, 114, 160; taken by
Arabs, 129; a metropolitan see, 145;
trade of, 156; origin of, 460
Bordeaux, Bishop of. See Leontius
Borut, duke of the Carinthians, 449
Bosham (Bosanham), monastery founded
at, 530
Bosphorus, the, 39, 413
Bosporus, port, trading centre, 41; taken
by Turks, 276; 411
Bothuele, Abbot of Dunfermline, 509
Bougival, origin of name, 152
Bourbon, 460
Bourbonne-les-Bains, inscription at, 475
Bourges, a metropolitan see, 145
Brabant, 126
Bracara. See Braga
3raciaca, god, 473
Bradford-on-Avon, battle of, 552
Braga (Bracara), victory of Leovigild at,
170
Braga, Bishop of. See Martin
Braganza, province, 166
Bran, the voyage of, 478
Braulio, Bishop of Saragossa, compiler of
the code of Reces winth, 179; 192
Bredon, 573
Bremen, church built in, 613
Brennacum. See Berny-Rivière
Brescia, held by Goths, 18; dukedom of,
seized by Alahis of Tridentum, 206;
474
Brest, 119
Brest Litovsk, 419
Bretons, the, retain their native dukes,
677
Bretwalda, explanation of term, 543
Breviarium Alarici, 58, 113, 138, 160;
abolished, 178
Brexillum, Drocton, Duke of, assists im-
perialists, 199
c. MEd. h. vol. ii.
Bridge, battle of the, 339, 346
Bridget, St. , 498 sq.
Brie, abbey in, see Faremoutier-en-Brie
Brigantes, the, 473
Brigantia, goddess, 476
Bºº. connected by legend with St Patrick,
50
Brigit, goddess, 476 sq.
Brindisi (Brundusium), occupied by Lom-
bards, 205; burnt by Saracens, 383;
taken by Duke of Benevento, 693
Britain, Kelts driven from, 118; Gregory
plans the conversion of, 237; 252;
Augustine's mission to,254sqq. ; druidism
in, 470 sq. ; Keltic heathenism in,
ch. xv (B) passim; Christianity brought
into,496–502; 509 sq. ; 514; bishops of,
; Augustine, 518 sqq. ; 574, 635, 697,
British Church, the, origin of, 496 sq. ;
orthodoxy of, 500 sq. ; remains left by,
501; and Augustine, 518 sqq. ; and
Laurentius, 521
British Isles, the, Keltic heathemism in,
ch. xv (b) passim; 615
British Museum, the, Arabian papyri in,
cited, 373; M. S. in, 512
Britons, the, sub-divisions of, 118; 462,
484, 499, 509, 514, 519; antagonism to
English, 520; beaten at Chester, 521;
522; Wulfhere defeats, 552; 571
Brittany, Kelts established in, 118; 141;
593; native dukes continue in, 677
Brixen (Seben), ancient bishopric of,
225
Brixworth, Roman remains at, 501
Brougham Castle, inscription at, 475
Bro-Waroch, 119
Brude Mac Maelchon, King of the Picts,
and St Columba, 513
Bruide, King of the Picts, 559
Brunhild (Brunehaut), daughter of Athana-
gild, marries Sigebert, 120, 164; escapes
to Austrasia, 121; her struggle with the
nobles, 122; regency, 122 sq. ; death,
123; and Columbanus, 124, 148; cha-
racter of rule, 124; and Augustine's
mission, 124, 254 sq. , 259; and Gregory
the Great, ib. , 146, 254, 257 sq. , 576;
156; 168, 200
Brunisberg, Frankish army reaches, 611
Bruttium,228, 232; held by the Byzantines,
698
Bu’āth, Day of, battle, 312
Bucelin, chief of the Alemanni, invades
Italy, 18
Buchan, 513
Buchanan, Maurice, Liber Pluscardensis of,
509
Buckinghamshire, 553, 572
Büraburg, diocese of, formed, 538; 540
Büraburg, Bishop of. See Witta
Bulgăr, 429
Bulgaranus, count, 192
Bulgars, Bulgarians, settled on the Danube,
53


## p. 834 (#866) ############################################

834
Index
30; predatory expedition of, 31; 35;
besiege Constantinople, 295; 428 sq. ;
in the Pontes steppe, 435 sq. ; 437 note,
439 sq. , 442; settle in Italy, 443; 444 sq. ,
451 sq. ; defeat imperial forces (680), 405,
(689) 406, (708) 412; 411, 413; threaten
Constantinople, 414 sq. ; 443
Borcbard, Bishop of Wurzburg, ambassador
of Pepin to Pope Zaeharias, 131, 581;
538 sq.
Bnrdigala. See Bordeaux
Burdurellus, chief of the Bagaud&e, captured
and slain, 161
Borford, West Saxon raid reaches, 564
Burgh Castle, 524
Burgh-by-Sands, inscription at, 476
Burgondians, the, extend their territory,
109; 110 sq. ; attacked by Clovis, 112;
join Salian Franks, 114; defeated by
Franks and Ostrogoths, 117; character-
istics, 118; 138, 141, 159 sqq. , 198, 491;
633, 672
Burgundy, kingdom of, code of laws for,
57; dual role in, 109; Gundobad usurps
sole power in, 112; 116; seized by sons
of Clovis, 117 sq. ; Mayor of Palace for,
instituted, 124; rule of Dagobert in, 125;
126; straggle of Ebroin and Leodegar in,
127; Charles Martel supreme in, 128;
conferred on Pepin, 130; 136 sq. , 256,
524, 549, 584, 592; assigned to Carloman,
595; 640
Bust, Amir, reaches the Oasis of Jufra,
366; raidsIsauria, 393; ravages Hexapolis,
396; 397
Busta Gallomm, 17
Bawaib, Muslims victorious at, 346
Byzacena, revolt in, 13; included in the
Empire, 14; forms a military district,
21 ; fortresses in, 22; 35; 224
Buzakha, battle of, 336
Byzantine Empire. See Empire
Byzantines (Greeks), the, and the conquest
of Italy, 18, 118; form a province in
Spain, 19; and the Persian wars, 28 sqq. ;
and the silk trade, 41; 119; merchants
among, 156; in Africa and Spain, 163 sqq. ;
Hermenegild intrigues with, 169 sq. ,259;
and Becared, 171 sq. ; defeated by Sisebut,
173; relinquish the Algarves, 175 ; in-
fluence of, on Visigoths, 191; remnants
of territory in Italy, 232; relation of
Venice to, 234; 235; 261; routed near
Antioch, 289; victorious at Mu'ta, 323 sq. ;
326 sq. ; defeated in Syria, 340 sqq. ;
defeated in Egypt, 349 sqq. ; oppose the
Saracens in North Africa, eh.